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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">bjCSwr8LzyC4HjwBg3pQqwJ</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000900202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240548</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Eletrocardiograma como Preditor de Mortalidade em Indiv&#237;duos com Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8258-0584</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mancuso</surname>
            <given-names>Frederico Jos&#233; Neves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Frederico Jos&#233; Neves Mancuso</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Escola Paulista de Medicina &#8211; R. Botucatu, 720. CEP <postal-code>04124-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>fredmancuso@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240548</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>21</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o Pulmonar</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Hipertens&#227;o pulmonar (HP) &#233; definida como press&#227;o m&#233;dia de art&#233;ria pulmonar maior que 20 mmHg em avalia&#231;&#227;o invasiva por cateterismo card&#237;aco direito.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Diretrizes sugerem que pacientes com HP devem ser estratificados quanto ao seu progn&#243;stico tanto no momento do diagn&#243;stico, como ao longo do seguimento, com &#234;nfase na avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica pela classe funcional, teste de caminhada de 6 minutos e n&#237;veis de pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Outros par&#226;metros, obtidos por teste cardiopulmonar, ecocardiografia, resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca ou dados hemodin&#226;micos invasivos tamb&#233;m s&#227;o recomendados para essa estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Destaca-se que a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco, al&#233;m de determinar o progn&#243;stico dos pacientes, &#233; fundamental para guiar e ajustar a terap&#234;utica durante o seguimento desses pacientes, determinando o uso de monoterapia, terapia dupla ou terapia tripla; conforme a&#231;&#227;o sobre a via do &#243;xido n&#237;trico, via da prostaciclina e/ou via da endotelina.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>&#201; interessante notar que o eletrocardiograma (ECG), apesar de ser um exame simples, de muito baixo custo e n&#227;o invasivo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> n&#227;o faz parte das ferramentas geralmente sugeridas para a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco e progn&#243;stico destes pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em pacientes com HP, o ECG pode auxiliar tanto na suspeita diagn&#243;stica, mostrando sinais como onda P pulmonale, desvio do eixo do QRS para a direita, sobrecarga de ventr&#237;culo direito, bloqueio de ramo direito (BRD), altera&#231;&#227;o da repolariza&#231;&#227;o em parede inferior ou V1-V4,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> como na avalia&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Assim, &#233; importante a publica&#231;&#227;o de Koyun et al. que estudou o valor progn&#243;stico do ECG em pacientes com HP. No estudo, os autores avaliaram especificamente o intervalo de tempo RS.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> O intervalo RS &#233; calculado entre o in&#237;cio do QRS at&#233; o ponto mais inferior da onda S ou S&#180;, sendo considerado aquele maior entre as deriva&#231;&#245;es D1, D2, D3, AVL, AVF, V4, V5 e V6.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Park et al. avaliaram 364 pacientes com BRD que realizaram ecocardiograma, excluindo pacientes com disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda, demonstrando que a dura&#231;&#227;o do QRS se correlacionada com disfun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> um fator conhecido para desfecho desfavor&#225;vel na HP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em outro estudo eletrocardiogr&#225;fico em pacientes com HP (idiop&#225;tica ou por doen&#231;a do tecido conjuntivo), Walig&#243;ra et al. demonstraram que a maior dura&#231;&#227;o do QRS se associa a maior mortalidade nestes pacientes (p = 0,01).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Especificamente, o intervalo RS no ECG foi avaliado em 216 pacientes com tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP), junto como outros par&#226;metros, como idade, presen&#231;a de neoplasia, escore PESI, fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo, uso de terapia trombol&#237;tica, entre outros. Na an&#225;lise multivariada, a dura&#231;&#227;o do intervalo RS na admiss&#227;o foi preditor independente de mortalidade em um m&#234;s (p = 0,02).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Estimulados pelos achados na HP aguda do TEP, Koyun et al. avaliaram o valor progn&#243;stico da dura&#231;&#227;o do intervalo RS na HP em artigo publicado neste n&#250;mero.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Foram inclu&#237;dos 143 pacientes com hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar (grupo 1) e 143 indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis (grupo controle). Em an&#225;lise multivariada, a dura&#231;&#227;o do intervalo RS se mostrou um preditor independente de mortalidade nestes pacientes (p &lt; 0,001), ap&#243;s seguimento m&#233;dio de 30,4 meses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> O intervalo RS teve correla&#231;&#227;o significativa com a dilata&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito e a press&#227;o sist&#243;lica em art&#233;ria pulmonar.</p>
    <p>Estes achados s&#227;o importantes, j&#225; que trazem a possibilidade do uso de uma ferramenta de baixo custo e amplamente dispon&#237;vel para auxiliar na determina&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stico de pacientes com HP. Deve-se considerar que este &#233; um estudo retrospectivo, e, portanto, estes achados devem ser validados em estudo prospectivo antes de ser utilizado na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica. Tamb&#233;m &#233; importante que seja avaliado como o ECG pode ajudar na escolha da terapia destes pacientes.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Marcador Progn&#243;stico Eletrocardiogr&#225;fico na Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Pulmonar: Tempo de RS</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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        <mixed-citation>8 Walig&#243;ra M, Kope&#263; G, Jonas K, Tyrka A, Sarnecka A, Miszalski-Jamka T, et al. Mechanism and Prognostic Role of qR in V1 in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. J Electrocardiol. 2017;50(4):476-83. doi: 10.1016/j.jelectrocard.2017.02.007.</mixed-citation>
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            <name>
              <surname>G&#252;m&#252;&#351;da&#287;</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Burak</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>S&#252;leymano&#287;lu</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yesin</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tan&#305;k</surname>
              <given-names>VO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Karaba&#287;</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The Predictive Value of RS Time for Short Term Mortality in Patients with Acute Pulmonary Embolism</article-title>
          <source>J Electrocardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>62</volume>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240548i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Electrocardiogram as a Predictor of Mortality in Individuals with Pulmonary Hypertension</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8258-0584</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mancuso</surname>
            <given-names>Frederico Jos&#233; Neves</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Frederico Jos&#233; Neves Mancuso</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Escola Paulista de Medicina &#8211; R. Botucatu, 720. Postal Code <postal-code>04124-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>fredmancuso@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Pulmonary</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined as mean pulmonary artery pressure greater than 20 mmHg in invasive assessment by right heart catheterization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Guidelines suggest that patients with PH should be stratified according to their prognosis both at the time of diagnosis and throughout follow-up, with emphasis on clinical assessment by functional class, 6-minute walk test, and natriuretic peptide levels.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Other parameters, obtained by cardiopulmonary testing, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, or invasive hemodynamic data, are also recommended for this risk stratification.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It is noteworthy that risk stratification, in addition to determining the patient's prognosis, is essential to guide and adjust therapy during the follow-up of these patients, determining the use of monotherapy, double therapy, or triple therapy; according to action on the nitric oxide pathway, prostacyclin pathway and/or endothelin pathway.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It is interesting to note that the electrocardiogram (ECG), despite being a simple, very low-cost, and non-invasive test,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> is not part of the tools generally suggested for risk stratification and prognosis of these patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In patients with PH, the ECG can help with diagnostic suspicion, showing signs such as P pulmonale wave, deviation of the QRS axis to the right, right ventricular overload, right bundle branch block (RBBB), change in repolarization in the inferior wall or V1-V4,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> as in prognostic assessment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Therefore, the publication by Koyun et al., who studied the prognostic value of ECG in patients with PH, is important. In the study, the authors specifically evaluated the RS<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> time frame. The RS interval is calculated between the beginning of the QRS to the lowest point of the S or S&#8217; wave, being considered the longest between leads D1, D2, D3, AVL, AVF, V4, V5, and V6.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Park et al. evaluated 364 patients with RBBB who underwent echocardiography, excluding patients with left ventricular dysfunction, demonstrating that QRS duration is correlated with right ventricular dysfunction,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> a known factor for unfavorable outcome in PH.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In another electrocardiographic study in patients with PH (idiopathic or due to connective tissue disease), Waligora et al. demonstrated that longer QRS duration is associated with higher mortality in these patients (p = 0.01).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Specifically, the RS interval on the ECG was evaluated in 216 patients with pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE), along with other parameters, such as age, presence of neoplasia, PESI score, left ventricular ejection fraction, use of thrombolytic therapy, among others. In multivariate analysis, the duration of the RS interval at admission was an independent predictor of one-month mortality (p = 0.02).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Spurred by findings in acute PH from PTE, Koyun et al. evaluated the prognostic value of the duration of the RS interval in PH in an article published in this issue.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> 143 patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (group 1) and 143 healthy individuals (control group) were included. In multivariate analysis, the duration of the RS interval proved to be an independent predictor of mortality in these patients (p &lt; 0.001), after a mean follow-up of 30.4 months.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> The RS interval had a significant correlation with right ventricular dilation and systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery.</p>
      <p>These findings are important, as they bring the possibility of using a low-cost and widely available tool to help determine the prognosis of patients with PH. It must be considered that this is a retrospective study, and therefore, these findings must be validated in a prospective study before being used in clinical practice. It is also important to evaluate how the ECG can help in choosing therapy for these patients.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Electrocardiographic Prognostic Marker in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: RS Time</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
