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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">P6JS5dbCJmxzjXFYN3Fr4WJ</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000900204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240540</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Import&#226;ncia da Correta Defini&#231;&#227;o de Cardiopatia Grave no Progn&#243;stico de Indiv&#237;duos Contemplados com Aposentadoria por Invalidez</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vasconcelos</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Helena Costa de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Andreza Ara&#250;jo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Corr&#234;a</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Eduarda da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8836-345X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Marcos Bemfica Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Nilton Lins</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Manaus</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AM</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Jo&#227;o Marcos Bemfica Barbosa Ferreira</bold>&#8226; Universidade do Estado do Amazonas &#8211; Av. Carvalho Leal, s/n. CEP <postal-code>69010-120</postal-code>, Manaus, AM &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>jmbemfica@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>18</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240540</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias</kwd>
        <kwd>Aposentadoria</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O artigo intitulado "O Impacto da Cardiopatia Grave nas Causas de &#211;bito e Sobrevida ap&#243;s Aposentadoria por Invalidez" demonstra maior mortalidade em indiv&#237;duos aposentados por cardiopatia grave quando comparados com aposentados por outras causas ou aposentadoria proporcional. Al&#233;m disto, evidenciou diagn&#243;sticos coincidentes entre causa da aposentadoria e de &#243;bito em aposentadorias integrais devido a cardiopatia grave, demonstrando que as cardiopatias graves desempenham papel fundamental no progn&#243;stico dos indiv&#237;duos aposentados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em 2006, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia publicou a II Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiopatia Grave que normatizou a classifica&#231;&#227;o das cardiopatias como graves ou n&#227;o para fins de avalia&#231;&#227;o pericial. O artigo em quest&#227;o, demonstrando a associa&#231;&#227;o do diagn&#243;stico de cardiopatia grave com um pior progn&#243;stico a longo prazo, refor&#231;a a necessidade de correta defini&#231;&#227;o da gravidade de cada paciente em sua avalia&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Portanto, &#233; importante discutirmos o embasamento cient&#237;fico para a correta defini&#231;&#227;o do termo cardiopatia grave entre as v&#225;rias doen&#231;as que acometem o cora&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC), o cora&#231;&#227;o est&#225; incapacitado de bombear o sangue de forma eficaz para suprir as necessidades fisiol&#243;gicas ou consegue apenas com elevadas press&#245;es de enchimento. A sua classifica&#231;&#227;o leva em considera&#231;&#227;o a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (FEVE) &#8211; preservada, intermedi&#225;ria e reduzida -, gravidades dos sintomas (classifica&#231;&#227;o funcional da New York Heart Association &#8211; NYHA) e o tempo de progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a. A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida (ICFEr) cursa com FEVE &#8804; 40%, enquanto a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o intermedi&#225;ria (ICFEi) com FEVE entre 41-49% e, por fim, a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada (ICFEp) com FEVE &#8805; 50%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Por&#233;m, muitos pacientes com IC progridem para fase avan&#231;ada da doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> &#201; importante salientar que a fase avan&#231;ada pode se fazer presente em pacientes que n&#227;o evoluem com FEVE severamente reduzida, mas sim com sintomas refrat&#225;rios ao tratamento adequado. Outros crit&#233;rios de defini&#231;&#227;o da IC avan&#231;ada s&#227;o, disfun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca severa &#8211; com pelo menos um dos seguintes: FEVE &#8804; 30%, insufici&#234;ncia ventricular direita isolada, valvopatia severa n&#227;o oper&#225;vel, anormalidade cong&#234;nita n&#227;o oper&#225;vel, valores persistentes elevados ou crescentes de natriur&#233;ticos, disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica grave do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo ou anormalidades estruturais -, epis&#243;dios graves de congest&#227;o pulmonar ou sist&#234;mica e intoler&#226;ncia aos esfor&#231;os grave.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A diretriz de valvopatias publicada pelo Col&#233;gio Americano de Cardiologia em 2021, classifica a gravidade da doen&#231;a valvar a partir da an&#225;lise de crit&#233;rios como sintomas, hemodin&#226;mica valvar, anatomia valvar e repercuss&#245;es da disfun&#231;&#227;o valvar na fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular e vascular, a exemplo de danos em &#243;rg&#227;os alvo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> A progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a valvar &#233; classificada em 4 est&#225;gios distribu&#237;dos entre A a D, vale ressaltar que nem todos os pacientes ser&#227;o perfeitamente classificados em um est&#225;gio espec&#237;fico devido a grande variabilidade de apresenta&#231;&#245;es da doen&#231;a, por&#233;m, a doen&#231;a valvar &#233; classificada como grave assintom&#225;tica nos pacientes com uma marcante altera&#231;&#227;o da v&#225;lvula, mas haja mecanismos de compensa&#231;&#227;o ventricular e como grave em pacientes que desenvolvem sintomatologias devido a desordem valvar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o prevalente e ao longo dos tempos, a carga global da DAC aumentou significativamente, resultando em milh&#245;es de mortes anualmente e tornando-se uma das principais causa de mortalidade no mundo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os fatores de risco e condi&#231;&#245;es associados mais frequentes s&#227;o: Idade &gt;70 anos, hipertens&#227;o, diabetes, vasculopatia ateroscler&#243;tica importante em outros territ&#243;rios, como car&#243;tidas, membros inferiores, renais e cerebrais. Todas estas condi&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o associadas ao envelhecimento populacional e est&#227;o relacionadas &#224; aposentadoria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>As manifesta&#231;&#245;es de isquemia tais como angina pectoris classe funcional III ou IV, principalmente quando refrat&#225;ria ao tratamento ou associada a arritmias ventriculares complexas conferem pior progn&#243;stico a esta popula&#231;&#227;o. Al&#233;m disto, altera&#231;&#245;es em exames complementares tamb&#233;m indicam maior gravidade caracterizando o paciente como cardiopata grave. Ao eletrocardiograma, a presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#245;es significativas em repouso tais como, presen&#231;a de ondas Q, infradesnivelamento de ST ou onda T negativa isqu&#234;mica sugerem doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria grave. Exames para pesquisa de isquemia podem demonstrar grande carga isqu&#234;mica como cintilografia mioc&#225;rdica ou ecocardiograma de estresse.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O ecocardiograma, mesmo em repouso, pode evidenciar a redu&#231;&#227;o da fra&#231;&#227;o e eje&#231;&#227;o, altera&#231;&#245;es de contratilidade segmentar e altera&#231;&#245;es de strain mioc&#225;rdico de maior gravidade. Assim como a resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca, ao demonstrar carga de fibrose pela t&#233;cnica de realce tardio mioc&#225;rdico. Ao cateterismo, a presen&#231;a de doen&#231;a multiarterial, muitas vezes com anatomia coronariana desfavor&#225;vel &#224; revasculariza&#231;&#227;o, caracteriza a maior gravidade e o pior progn&#243;stico destes pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: O Impacto da Cardiopatia Grave nas Causas de &#211;bito e Sobrevida ap&#243;s Aposentadoria por Invalidez</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240540i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Importance of the Correct Definition of Severe Heart Disease in the Prognosis of Individuals Considered with Retirement Due to Disability</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Vasconcelos</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Helena Costa de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Andreza Ara&#250;jo de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Corr&#234;a</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Eduarda da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8836-345X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ferreira</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Marcos Bemfica Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Manaus</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">AM</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Nilton Lins, Manaus, AM &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Jo&#227;o Marcos Bemfica Barbosa Ferreira</bold>&#8226; Universidade do Estado do Amazonas &#8211; Av. Carvalho Leal, s/n. Postal Code <postal-code>69010-120</postal-code>, Manaus, AM &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>jmbemfica@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Retirement</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The manuscript "The Impact of Severe Heart Disease on Causes of Death and Survival after Disability Retirement" demonstrates higher mortality in individuals retired due to severe heart disease when compared to those retired for other causes or proportional retirement. Furthermore, it showed coinciding diagnoses between the cause of retirement and death in full retirements due to severe heart disease, demonstrating that serious heart disease plays a fundamental role in the prognosis of retired individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In 2006, the <italic>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</italic> published the II Brazilian Guideline on Severe Heart Disease, which standardized the classification of heart diseases as serious or not for expert assessment. The manuscript in question, demonstrating the association of the diagnosis of severe heart disease with a worse long-term prognosis, reinforces the need to define the severity of each patient in their assessment<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> correctly.</p>
      <p>Therefore, it is important to discuss the scientific basis for the correct definition of the term severe heart disease among the various diseases that affect the heart.</p>
      <p>In heart failure (HF), the heart is unable to pump blood effectively to meet physiological needs or can only do so with high filling pressures. Its classification takes into account the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &#8211; preserved, intermediate, and reduced &#8211;, the severity of symptoms (New York Heart Association &#8211; NYHA functional classification), and the time of disease progression. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) occurs with LVEF &#8804; 40%, while heart failure with intermediate ejection fraction (HFmrEF) with LVEF between 41-49% and, finally, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) with LVEF &#8805; 50%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> However, many patients with HF progress to an advanced stage of the disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> It is important to note that the advanced stage may be present in patients who do not develop severely reduced LVEF, but rather with symptoms refractory to appropriate treatment. Other criteria for defining advanced HF are severe cardiac dysfunction &#8211; with at least one of the following: LVEF &#8804; 30%, isolated right ventricular failure, severe inoperable valvular heart disease, inoperable congenital abnormality, persistently elevated or increasing natriuretic values, severe left ventricular diastolic dysfunction or structural abnormalities -, severe episodes of pulmonary or systemic congestion and severe exercise intolerance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The valve heart disease guideline published by the American College of Cardiology in 2020 classifies the severity of valve disease based on the analysis of criteria such as symptoms, valve hemodynamics, valve anatomy, and repercussions of valve dysfunction on ventricular and vascular function, such as organ damage.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> The progression of valve disease is classified into 4 stages distributed between A to D. It is worth noting that not all patients will be perfectly classified into a specific stage due to the great variability of disease presentations; however, valve disease is classified as severe asymptomatic in patients with a marked alteration of the valve, but there are mechanisms of ventricular compensation and as serious in patients who develop symptoms due to valve disorder.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a prevalent condition, and over time, the global burden of CAD has increased significantly, resulting in millions of deaths annually and becoming one of the leading causes of mortality in the world.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The most common risk factors and associated conditions are age &gt;70 years, hypertension, diabetes, and significant atherosclerotic vasculopathy in other areas, such as carotid arteries, lower limbs, kidneys, and brain. All of these conditions are associated with population aging and are related to retirement.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Manifestations of ischemia, such as functional class III or IV angina pectoris, especially when refractory to treatment or associated with complex ventricular arrhythmias, confer a worse prognosis for this population. Furthermore, changes in complementary exams also indicate greater severity, characterizing the patient as a serious heart disease. On the electrocardiogram, the presence of significant changes at rest, such as the presence of Q waves, ST depression, or negative ischemic T waves, suggest severe coronary artery disease. Tests for ischemia can demonstrate a large ischemic load, such as myocardial scintigraphy or stress echocardiography.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The echocardiogram, even at rest, can show a reduction in ejection fraction, changes in segmental contractility, and changes in myocardial strain of greater severity. As well as cardiac magnetic resonance, when demonstrating fibrosis load using the myocardial delayed enhancement technique. Upon catheterization, the presence of multivessel disease, often with coronary anatomy unfavorable to revascularization, characterizes the greater severity and worse prognosis of these patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Therefore, all these conditions lead to the characterization of the severity of heart disease, being important in the prognosis of these diseases and as an adjuvant in defining legal aspects for retirement institutions.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short editorial related to the article: The Impact of Severe Cardiopathy on Causes of Death and Survival after Disability Retirement</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
