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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">96VwPbQYfCqC558yvYCsDFs</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000900308</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00308</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240235</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Programa para Otimizar a Detec&#231;&#227;o da Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial Parox&#237;stica: Estudo Ritmo</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Paashaus de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5487-4649</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vitorino</surname>
            <given-names>Priscila Valverde Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1582-7268</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Miranda</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Dischinger</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nogueira</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Augusto Alcova</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8621-0305</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cest&#225;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Elizabeth do Esp&#237;rito Santo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>de Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Marcus Vin&#237;cius</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kencis</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz</given-names>
            <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tormen</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Cenci</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Antunes</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Di Beo</surname>
            <given-names>Ivan</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gallina</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Eduardo Guiselli</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13">
            <sup>13</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e da Sa&#250;de</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; Sa&#250;de - Escola de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e da Sa&#250;de - Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial - Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>4</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Disciplina de Geriatria e Gerontologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Disciplina de Geriatria e Gerontologia - Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>5</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Cora&#231;&#227;o Vivo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Jos&#233; dos Campos</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Cora&#231;&#227;o Vivo, S&#227;o Jos&#233; dos Campos, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>6</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Cardiol&#243;gica e UNIFEV</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Votuporanga</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Cardiol&#243;gica e UNIFEV, Votuporanga, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff7">
          <label>7</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cardiodiagn&#243;sticos</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cardiodiagn&#243;sticos, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff8">
          <label>8</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Lapacor</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Lapacor, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff9">
          <label>9</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Cardiologic</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bento Gon&#231;alves</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Cardiologic, Bento Gon&#231;alves, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff10">
          <label>10</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto M&#233;dico Tiaminho Daikura</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">&#193;guas de Lind&#243;ia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto M&#233;dico Tiaminho Daikura, &#193;guas de Lind&#243;ia, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff11">
          <label>11</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Climed Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Peru&#237;be</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Climed Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Peru&#237;be, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff12">
          <label>12</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Cuore</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Arapongas</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Cuore, Arapongas, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff13">
          <label>13</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Albert Einstein</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Albert Einstein, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial &#8211; Av. Universit&#225;ria, XXX. CEP <postal-code>74605-220</postal-code>, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>sebbabarroso@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Mauricio Scanavacca</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240235</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
            <alternatives>
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            </alternatives>
          </fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) &#233; a arritmia card&#237;aca sustentada mais frequente, mas ainda &#233; subdiagnosticada especialmente em pacientes assintom&#225;ticos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Avaliar uma estrat&#233;gia simples para otimizar a identifica&#231;&#227;o da FA.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Avaliados indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos com 65 anos ou mais, portadores de hipertens&#227;o arterial (HA) ou insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC). Os dados foram inseridos e armazenados em plataforma REDCap. Inicialmente foram realizadas an&#225;lise de risco de FA com o algoritmo matem&#225;tico <italic>Stroke Risk Analysis</italic> (SRA) aplicado em eletrocardiograma (ECG) de 1 hora. Todos os pacientes de alto risco de FA foram orientados a realizar o protocolo de ECG domiciliar por sete dias com o equipamento port&#225;til Kardia 6L OMRON, AliveCor<sup>&#174;</sup>. O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi usado para verificar a normalidade da distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis quantitativas; aquelas com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal foram expressas em m&#233;dia e desvio-padr&#227;o. Adotou-se como significativo o valor de p&lt;0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Foram avaliados 423 pacientes; 15 foram exclu&#237;dos por n&#227;o terem realizado o SRA, resultando em uma amostra de 408 pacientes. A avalia&#231;&#227;o evidenciou que 13 (3,2%) pacientes apresentaram FA, 120 (29,4%) foram considerados de alto risco para FA e 275 (67,4%) sem risco aumentado. Dos 120 pacientes de alto risco, 111 realizaram adequadamente o protocolo de sete dias com o Kardia, tendo sido identificados um ou mais registros de FA em 43 pacientes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>A estrat&#233;gia adotada no estudo RITMO mostrou-se eficaz para identificar, com uma incid&#234;ncia de 13,7% (56/408), epis&#243;dios de FA em pacientes idosos assintom&#225;ticos e portadores de HA ou IC.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="10"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="24"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) &#233; a arritmia card&#237;aca sustentada mais frequente em adultos, com uma preval&#234;ncia estimada em 2-4%, aumentando progressivamente com a idade. O n&#250;mero de epis&#243;dios subdiagnosticados &#233; alto, especialmente na forma parox&#237;stica. Estima-se, nas pr&#243;ximas d&#233;cadas, um aumento de 2,3 vezes nessa preval&#234;ncia em raz&#227;o do envelhecimento da popula&#231;&#227;o e do aprimoramento e otimiza&#231;&#227;o dos m&#233;todos diagn&#243;sticos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A FA pode acontecer na forma assintom&#225;tica ou oligossintom&#225;tica, o que dificulta a identifica&#231;&#227;o e potencializa o risco de eventos tromboemb&#243;licos associados. &#201; importante, portanto, estar atento aos pacientes portadores de fatores de risco e considerar a ado&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias mais efetivas para o rastreamento e identifica&#231;&#227;o dessa arritmia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Dentre os diversos fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento da FA, destacam-se idade avan&#231;ada, hipertens&#227;o arterial (HA), insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) e doen&#231;a arterial coronariana.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Na suspeita de FA, os m&#233;todos complementares mais utilizados para tentar estabelecer o diagn&#243;stico s&#227;o o eletrocardiograma (ECG) de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es e o Holter de 24 horas. Entretanto, esses m&#233;todos podem n&#227;o identificar mais de 50% dos casos, principalmente na forma parox&#237;stica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Por outro lado, estrat&#233;gias como o Holter de longa dura&#231;&#227;o, ECG de uso domiciliar, algoritmos baseados em variabilidade de RR e outros sistemas vest&#237;veis que se prop&#245;em a aumentar essa capacidade de identifica&#231;&#227;o, especialmente da forma parox&#237;stica, t&#234;m sido objeto de estudos cl&#237;nicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Frente a esse desafio, foi desenvolvido e executado o "Programa para Otimizar a Detec&#231;&#227;o da FA Parox&#237;stica", com o objetivo de avaliar uma estrat&#233;gia simples e acess&#237;vel para otimizar a identifica&#231;&#227;o dessa arritmia em idosos assintom&#225;ticos portadores de HA ou IC.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Caracteriza&#231;&#227;o do estudo</title>
        <p>Estudo transversal descritivo, realizado com indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos, &#8805;65 anos, portadores de HA ou IC, no Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s (UFG), por um centro coordenador e coinvestigadores cardiologistas que participaram do treinamento e coleta de dados.</p>
        <p>O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da UFG sob o n&#186; CAE 58646322.9.0000.5078. Todos os participantes assinaram o Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, antes do in&#237;cio do estudo.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Popula&#231;&#227;o estudada</title>
        <p>Para o c&#225;lculo da popula&#231;&#227;o amostral, considerou-se a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira de idosos e a preval&#234;ncia de FA nessa faixa et&#225;ria de 3,8%. Foram utilizados o n&#237;vel e o intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95% e 5%, respectivamente, obtendo-se uma amostra de 385 participantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Os pacientes foram selecionados nos servi&#231;os de Cardiologia e convidados a participar no estudo. A fase de inclus&#227;o foi de maio de 2023 at&#233; dezembro de 2023 e cada paciente recebeu um n&#250;mero de identifica&#231;&#227;o no estudo, composto de quatro d&#237;gitos: os dois primeiros referentes ao local de coleta e os dois &#250;ltimos ao n&#250;mero do paciente.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo idosos com &#8805;65 anos, que apresentavam diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico de HA ou de IC, tendo como base a hist&#243;ria m&#233;dica, a revis&#227;o do prontu&#225;rio e as medica&#231;&#245;es em uso.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Pacientes que apresentassem diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de FA, identificado por meio do prontu&#225;rio, ECG ou Holter, ou que estivessem participando de outros protocolos de pesquisa.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Procedimentos do estudo</title>
        <p>Os dados do estudo foram coletados e gerenciados usando o REDCap (<italic>Research Electronic Data Capture</italic>), hospedado na UFG. O REDCap &#233; uma plataforma de <italic>software</italic> segura, baseada na <italic>web</italic> e projetada para apoiar a captura de dados para pesquisa, fornecendo: uma interface intuitiva para captura de dados validados; trilhas de auditoria para rastrear manipula&#231;&#227;o de dados e procedimentos de exporta&#231;&#227;o; procedimentos automatizados de exporta&#231;&#227;o para <italic>downloads</italic> cont&#237;nuos de dados para pacotes estat&#237;sticos comuns; e procedimentos para a integra&#231;&#227;o de dados e interoperabilidade com fontes externas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Cada paciente foi cadastrado no endere&#231;o eletr&#244;nico &lt;<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sra.cardios.net">www.sra.cardios.net</ext-link>&gt;, com preenchimento de dados para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do <italic>Stroke Risk Analysis</italic> (SRA) por meio do <italic>software</italic> CardioNet. A realiza&#231;&#227;o do SRA ocorreu com o equipamento Cardio Light<sup>&#174;</sup> (Cardios, S&#227;o Paulo, Brasil) e registro eletrocardiogr&#225;fico durante 1 hora. Durante esse per&#237;odo, o paciente se mantinha no ambiente ambulatorial e poderia realizar as atividades usuais, desde que n&#227;o desconectasse o circuito. A localiza&#231;&#227;o dos eletrodos seguiu a t&#233;cnica padronizada para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do ECG com tricotomia pr&#233;via. Ao final do teste, os dados eram transferidos do dispositivo port&#225;til para a plataforma do SRA.</p>
        <p>O algoritmo matem&#225;tico SRA avalia v&#225;rios par&#226;metros de variabilidade de RR no ECG de uma hora e consegue entregar tr&#234;s poss&#237;veis cen&#225;rios como matriz de decis&#227;o derivada do gr&#225;fico de Poincar&#233;: sem risco aumentado de FA, risco alto de FA e presen&#231;a de FA no registro de uma hora (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Par&#226;metros utilizados na matriz de decis&#227;o do algoritmo SRA. SRA: Stroke Risk Analysis; ECG: eletrocardiograma; FA: fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial. Fonte: Duning et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240235-40235-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Ap&#243;s a realiza&#231;&#227;o do SRA, os pacientes sem risco aumentado continuaram seu acompanhamento m&#233;dico conforme a rotina de cada servi&#231;o. Aqueles que tiveram FA identificada no registro de uma hora receberam orienta&#231;&#227;o adequada para o tratamento e acompanhamento da arritmia; e aqueles que apresentaram o resultado de alto risco para FA foram selecionados para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do ECG domiciliar.</p>
        <p>O ECG domiciliar foi realizado com o equipamento port&#225;til Kardia 6L OMRON/AliveCor<sup>&#174;</sup>, que registra seis deriva&#231;&#245;es, durante 30 segundos. Inicialmente, o aplicativo (app) para a conex&#227;o e <italic>download</italic> do registro eletrocardiogr&#225;fico foi instalado pelo coinvestigador no aparelho celular do pr&#243;prio paciente. Em seguida, os participantes foram orientados a realizar tr&#234;s registros di&#225;rios (manh&#227;, tarde e noite, em hor&#225;rio aleat&#243;rio) e registros adicionais em caso de sintomas de palpita&#231;&#245;es, por sete dias consecutivos. O primeiro registro foi realizado pelo cardiologista, com as orienta&#231;&#245;es para o paciente e/ou cuidador (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 2</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f3">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Aparelho de eletrocardiograma port&#225;til de seis deriva&#231;&#245;es (Kardia 6L); fonte: OMRON.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240235-40235-gf02.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Para aumentar a ades&#227;o do participante ao protocolo de monitoriza&#231;&#227;o domiciliar do ECG, um di&#225;rio de registro foi dispensado com a orienta&#231;&#227;o adequada quanto &#224; realiza&#231;&#227;o, preenchimento do dia e do hor&#225;rio (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f4">
          <label>Figura 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Di&#225;rio para anotar os registros eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240235-40235-gf03.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Para os pacientes com SRA de alto risco que n&#227;o retornaram para realizar o ECG domiciliar, foi considerado, para fins de an&#225;lise, ECG sem presen&#231;a de FA.</p>
        <p>Ao final de uma semana, o paciente retornava ao servi&#231;o para a entrega do equipamento e orienta&#231;&#245;es relacionadas aos resultados. Todos os registros eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos eram transmitidos via app para uma plataforma central com acesso pelo centro coordenador e analisado por algoritmos validados para identifica&#231;&#227;o da arritmia.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Instrumentos e vari&#225;veis do estudo</title>
        <p>O estudo utilizou tr&#234;s instrumentos: um question&#225;rio sociodemogr&#225;fico e cl&#237;nico; o relat&#243;rio do SRA disponibilizado no pr&#243;prio <italic>software</italic> e o relat&#243;rio do ECG domiciliar (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Instrumentos, vari&#225;veis, unidades de medida e categorias</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="33%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Instrumentos</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Vari&#225;veis</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Unidades de medida ou categorias</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="27" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Question&#225;rio sociodemogr&#225;fico e cl&#237;nico</td>
                <td align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Iniciais e n&#250;mero de registro</td>
                <td align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Utilizado para organiza&#231;&#227;o do estudo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Sexo</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Masculino</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Feminino</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Idade</td>
                <td align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Calculada em anos a partir da data de nascimento</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="4" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Estado civil</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Solteiro(a)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Casado(a)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Divorciado(a)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Vi&#250;vo(a)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="9" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Escolaridade</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Analfabeto</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Ensino fundamental completo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Ensino fundamental incompleto</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Ensino m&#233;dio completo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Ensino m&#233;dio incompleto</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Ensino superior completo</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Ensino superior incompleto</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o completa</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o incompleta</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Tabagismo</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Atual</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Ex-tabagista</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">N&#227;o</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Consumo de bebida alc&#243;olica</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">N&#227;o consome</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Dentro do recomendado</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Acima do recomendado</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Atividade f&#237;sica</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Ativo (acima de 150 min por semana)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="top">Sedent&#225;rio (abaixo de 150 min por semana)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">Diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Hipertens&#227;o arterial</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" rowspan="3" valign="top">SRA</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">Resultado SRA</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Presen&#231;a de FA</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="center" valign="top">Risco aumentado de FA</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="center" valign="top">Sem risco aumentado para FA</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="top">ECG</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">Presen&#231;a ou aus&#234;ncia de FA em qualquer ECG dos sete dias</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Presen&#231;a de FA</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" valign="top">Aus&#234;ncia de FA</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>SRA: Stroke Risk Analysis; ECG: eletrocardiograma; FA: fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Os dados foram exportados do RedCap para an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica no Jamovi 2.2.5. Foi realizada an&#225;lise descritiva com a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de medidas de tend&#234;ncia central e dispers&#227;o para vari&#225;veis quantitativas e frequ&#234;ncia para as qualitativas. O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov foi aplicado para verificar a normalidade da distribui&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis quantitativas; as que apresentaram distribui&#231;&#227;o normal foram expressas em m&#233;dia &#177; desvio-padr&#227;o. Adotou-se como significativo o valor de p&lt;0,05.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Foram avaliados 423 pacientes. Destes, 15 foram exclu&#237;dos por SRA n&#227;o realizado, resultando em uma amostra de 408 pacientes. A idade m&#233;dia foi 75,2 &#177; 7,3 anos, o &#205;ndice de Massa Corporal (IMC) m&#233;dio foi 27,3&#177;7,3 Kg/m<sup>2</sup> e 66,4% eram do sexo feminino. O diagn&#243;stico de HA foi o crit&#233;rio de inclus&#227;o mais frequente, com 96,3% da popula&#231;&#227;o (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Tabela 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Caracteriza&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="49%">
            <col width="1%"/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
              <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">Vari&#225;veis</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">n (%)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="3" valign="top">
                <bold>Estado civil</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Com companheiro(a)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">243 (59,5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Sem companheiro</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">162 (39,8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Sem informa&#231;&#227;o</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3 (0,7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" colspan="3" valign="top">
                <bold>Escolaridade</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Analfabeto</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">24 (5,9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Ensino fundamental (incompleto ou completo)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">199 (48,8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Ensino m&#233;dio (incompleto ou completo)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">101 (24,8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Ensino superior (incompleto ou mais)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">84 (20,6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                <bold>Tabagista</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">16 (4,0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                <bold>Consumo de bebida alc&#243;olica</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">68 (16,6)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                <bold>Sedentarismo</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">209 (51,4)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" colspan="3" valign="top">
                <bold>N&#250;mero de classes de anti-hipertensivos</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Uma</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">136 (35,0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Duas</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">135 (34,7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Tr&#234;s ou mais</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">118 (30,3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="3" valign="top">
                <bold>Classes de anti-hipertensivos</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Inibidores da enzima de convers&#227;o da angiotensina</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">69 (16,9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Bloqueadores dos receptores AT1 da angiotensina II</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">247 (60,5)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">142 (34,8)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Betabloqueadores</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">158 (38,7)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Diur&#233;ticos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">159 (39,0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Outros</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">16 (3,9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                <bold>Estatinas</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">269 (65,9)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                <bold>Antidiab&#233;ticos orais</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">107 (26,2)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos 408 pacientes que realizaram o SRA, foram observados os seguintes achados: 13 (3,2%) apresentaram FA, 120 (29,4%) foram considerados de alto risco para FA e 275 (67,4%) sem risco aumentado.</p>
      <p>Dos 120 pacientes de alto risco, 111 realizaram adequadamente o protocolo de sete dias com o Kardia; nove (7,5%) pacientes n&#227;o retornaram para receber as orienta&#231;&#245;es e o aparelho para a ECG domiciliar, tendo sido considerado, por conven&#231;&#227;o do protocolo, como aus&#234;ncia de FA. Foram identificados um ou mais registros de FA pelo Kardia, durante os sete dias de acompanhamento, em 43 pacientes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 4</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f5">
        <label>Figura 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Achados de FA pelo SRA e pelo KARDIA na popula&#231;&#227;o estudada. SRA: Stroke Risk Analysis; FA: fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240235-40235-gf04.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Avaliou-se tamb&#233;m a frequ&#234;ncia do diagn&#243;stico de FA pelo SRA e pelo ECG domiciliar nos diferentes diagn&#243;sticos de HA e IC (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Tabela 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial diagnosticada pelo SRA, pelo ECG domiciliar e total, segundo o diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="25%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
              <th align="left" valign="middle">Diagn&#243;sticos cl&#237;nico</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">FA no SRA n (%)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">FA no ECG n (%)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">FA total n (%)</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Hipertens&#227;o arterial (n=393)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">11 (2,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">40 (10,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">51 (13,0)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="top">Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (n=15)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">2 (13,0)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3 (20,0)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">5 (33,3)</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Total (n=408)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">13 (3,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">43 (10,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">56 (13,7)</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <p>SRA: Stroke Risk Analysis; ECG: eletrocardiograma; FA: fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>A preval&#234;ncia estimada de FA na popula&#231;&#227;o adulta &#233; de 2-4%, mas em idosos, hipertensos e portadores de IC, essa taxa &#233; seguramente maior. A FA &#233; respons&#225;vel por 20-30% dos acidentes vasculares cerebrais (AVC) isqu&#234;micos e 10% dos criptog&#234;nicos, e esse risco &#233; duas vezes maior em portadores de HA ou IC e uma vez e meia maior nos idosos. Apesar de assintom&#225;ticos, idosos com HA ou IC apresentam risco mais alto tanto para a FA quanto para as complica&#231;&#245;es a ela relacionadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Neste estudo, dos 423 pacientes inicialmente convidados a participar, apenas 15 (3,5%) n&#227;o realizaram o SRA, o que evidencia uma baixa resist&#234;ncia para a realiza&#231;&#227;o do m&#233;todo. Esse fato coloca o SRA como uma alternativa plaus&#237;vel em caso de um Holter de 24 horas normal ao investigar a possibilidade de arritmia, pois, como se sabe, 50% dos epis&#243;dios n&#227;o s&#227;o identificados por esse m&#233;todo. Al&#233;m disso o m&#233;todo SRA tem sensibilidade e especificidade acima de 95% para identificar risco elevado de FA na compara&#231;&#227;o com o Holter de 24 horas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Vale ressaltar que 96,3% da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada foi constitu&#237;da por idosos com HA e, portanto, os achados devem ser discutidos especialmente dentro desse contexto. Por outro lado, trata-se de popula&#231;&#227;o muito frequente na rotina dos atendimentos m&#233;dicos, sugerindo que os resultados obtidos possam ser de grande utilidade na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Todos os pacientes avaliados estavam em uso de anti-hipertensivos, sendo a classe dos bloqueadores dos receptores de angiotensina a mais frequente (60,5%) e o uso de anti-hipertensivos em combina&#231;&#245;es correspondeu a 65% do total. Ainda, o uso de estatinas e antidiab&#233;ticos orais aconteceu em 65,9% e 26,2% dos pacientes, respectivamente, caracterizando a elevada preval&#234;ncia de fatores de risco como a dislipidemia e diabetes nessa popula&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Destaca-se, na amostra avaliada, a elevada preval&#234;ncia de alto risco para a FA (29,4%) al&#233;m dos 3,2% com a arritmia j&#225; identificada durante o registro de 1 hora para o SRA. Como se sabe, o risco cumulativo para a FA aumenta de forma significativa ap&#243;s os 65 anos, mas identificar essa arritmia em indiv&#237;duos assintom&#225;ticos ainda &#233; considerado um grande desafio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Dos 120 pacientes identificados como de alto risco pelo SRA, 111 realizaram a eletrocardiografia domiciliar por sete dias com o Kardia 6 deriva&#231;&#245;es. Foram identificados epis&#243;dios de FA em 43 pacientes, ou seja, cerca de 1/3 dos pacientes de alto risco pelo SRA apresentou um ou mais epis&#243;dios de FA identificados no domic&#237;lio. No estudo VITAL-AF<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> foram avaliados 30 715 pacientes (atendidos na aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria) com mais de 65 anos e sem diagn&#243;stico pr&#233;vio de FA; metade da amostra foi randomizada para realizar o Kardia de uma deriva&#231;&#227;o no momento da consulta e foram identificados novos epis&#243;dios de FA em 1,72% e 1,59% no grupo <italic>screening</italic> e no grupo-controle (p=0,38), respectivamente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Os achados do estudo VITAL-AF n&#227;o demonstraram efetividade em adicionar o uso do Kardia de uma deriva&#231;&#227;o durante a avalia&#231;&#227;o na aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria na compara&#231;&#227;o com o grupo-controle; por outro lado, os achados do presente estudo indicaram maior efetividade da monitoriza&#231;&#227;o domiciliar com o Kardia, selecionando-se previamente, por meio da SRA, aqueles de alto risco para a FA. Em outro estudo, com amostra constitu&#237;da por pacientes com hist&#243;ria pr&#233;via de FA revertida, ou seja, de alto risco para novos epis&#243;dios, o uso domiciliar do Kardia 6 deriva&#231;&#245;es mostrou-se uma estrat&#233;gia eficaz para a detec&#231;&#227;o precoce da arritmia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em 408 pacientes, foram identificados epis&#243;dios de FA tanto pelo SRA (3,2%) quanto pelo Kardia (10,5%) (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figura 4</xref>). Quando se avaliou a frequ&#234;ncia de FA nos pacientes hipertensos e naqueles com IC, foram encontrados valores de 13% e 33,3%, respectivamente, mas esse dado deve ser analisado com cautela pois apenas 3,7% da popula&#231;&#227;o apresentava IC.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
        <p>Os resultados encontrados neste estudo referem-se quase na totalidade a idosos hipertensos e, portanto, h&#225; que se ter cautela na an&#225;lise dos dados relacionados aos idosos com IC. Por outro lado, chama a aten&#231;&#227;o a incid&#234;ncia ainda mais alta de FA nos pacientes com IC e remete &#224; necessidade de estudos espec&#237;ficos para essa doen&#231;a. Os pacientes sem risco aumentado para FA pelo SRA n&#227;o realizaram o ECG domiciliar, o que impossibilita a an&#225;lise da incid&#234;ncia da arritmia nesse subgrupo do estudo. A incid&#234;ncia de FA identificada no estudo RITMO referiu-se &#224; an&#225;lise automatizada do algoritmo AliveCor Kardia, mas &#233; sempre desej&#225;vel a revis&#227;o e valida&#231;&#227;o da arritmia por profissional qualificado. Ainda, vale considerar que alguns pacientes podem ter apresentado epis&#243;dios de FA em momentos em que n&#227;o houve o registro eletrocardiogr&#225;fico com o KARDIA, ou seja, a incid&#234;ncia pode ser ainda mais alta do que a descrita com essa estrat&#233;gia.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>A estrat&#233;gia adotada no estudo RITMO mostrou-se eficaz para identificar epis&#243;dios de FA em pacientes idosos assintom&#225;ticos e portadores de HA ou IC.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
        <p>O presente estudo foi financiado por EMS, Omron, Cardios.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de mestrado de Rodrigo Paashaus de Andrade pelo Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</label>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da UFG sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo CAE 58646322.9.0000.5078. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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              <surname>Goldenthal</surname>
              <given-names>IL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sciacca</surname>
              <given-names>RR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Riga</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bakken</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baumeister</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Biviano</surname>
              <given-names>AB</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation/flutter Detection after Ablation or Cardioversion Using the AliveCor KardiaMobile Device: iHEART Results</article-title>
          <source>J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>30</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>2220</fpage>
          <lpage>2228</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/jce.14160</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>24 Goldenthal IL, Sciacca RR, Riga T, Bakken S, Baumeister M, Biviano AB, et al. Recurrent Atrial Fibrillation/flutter Detection after Ablation or Cardioversion Using the AliveCor KardiaMobile Device: iHEART Results. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2019;30(11):2220-8. doi: 10.1111/jce.14160.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240235i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Program to Optimize the Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: The RITMO Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Paashaus de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5487-4649</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Vitorino</surname>
            <given-names>Priscila Valverde Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sousa</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Luiza Lima</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1582-7268</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Miranda</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Dischinger</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nogueira</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno Augusto Alcova</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8621-0305</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cest&#225;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Elizabeth do Esp&#237;rito Santo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>de Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Marcus Vin&#237;cius</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kencis</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz</given-names>
            <suffix>J&#250;nior</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tormen</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Cenci</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Antunes</surname>
            <given-names>Pablo de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff23">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Di Beo</surname>
            <given-names>Ivan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff24">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gallina</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Eduardo Guiselli</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff25">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff26">
            <sup>13</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff14">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff15">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; Sa&#250;de - Escola de Ci&#234;ncias Sociais e da Sa&#250;de - Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff16">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial - Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff17">
          <label>4</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Disciplina de Geriatria e Gerontologia - Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff18">
          <label>5</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Jos&#233; dos Campos</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Cora&#231;&#227;o Vivo, S&#227;o Jos&#233; dos Campos, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff19">
          <label>6</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Votuporanga</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Cardiol&#243;gica e UNIFEV, Votuporanga, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff20">
          <label>7</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cardiodiagn&#243;sticos, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff21">
          <label>8</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Lapacor, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff22">
          <label>9</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bento Gon&#231;alves</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Cardiologic, Bento Gon&#231;alves, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff23">
          <label>10</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">&#193;guas de Lind&#243;ia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto M&#233;dico Tiaminho Daikura, &#193;guas de Lind&#243;ia, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff24">
          <label>11</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Peru&#237;be</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Climed Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Peru&#237;be, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff25">
          <label>12</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Arapongas</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Cuore, Arapongas, PR &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff26">
          <label>13</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Albert Einstein, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address: Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso</label> &#8226; Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s &#8211; Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial &#8211; Av. Universit&#225;ria, XXX. Postal Code <postal-code>74605-220</postal-code>, Goi&#226;nia, GO - Brazil E-mail: <email>sebbabarroso@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Mauricio Scanavacca</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f6">
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240235-40235-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrythmia, but still underdiagnosed especially among asymptomatic patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To evaluate a simple strategy to optimize the identification of AF.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Asymptomatic patients aged 65 years or older, with hypertension or heart failure (HF), were included. Data were inserted into the REDCap software platform. Patients were assessed for the risk for AF using the Stroke Risk Analysis (SRA) mathematical algorithm, which was applied on a one-hour electrocardiogram (ECG). All patients at high risk for AF were instructed to follow a home ECG protocol for seven days using a portable Kardia 6 (OMRON, AliveCor<sup>&#174;</sup>). The Kolmogorov-test was used to test the normality of quantitative variables; those with normal distribution were expressed as mean and standard deviation. A p&lt;0.05 was set as statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>A total of 423 patients were assessed; 15 were excluded due to absence of SRA, yielding a sample of 408 patients. In 13 (3.2%), AF was identified, 120 (29.4%) were considered at high risk and 275 (67.4%) without increased risk for AF. Of the 120 high-risk patients, 111 successfully completed the seven-day protocol with Kardia; at least one episode of AF was identified in 43 patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>The strategy adopted in the RITMO study was shown to be effective in identifying AF in asymptomatic elderly patients with hypertension or HF, with an incidence of 13.7% (56/408).</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrythmia in adults, with an estimated prevalence of 2-4%, which increases with age. The number of underdiagnosed cases, especially paroxysmal AF, is large. It is expected an increase in this prevalence by 2.3 times in the next decades, due to population aging and optimization of diagnostic methods.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Patients with FA may be asymptomatic or oligosymptomatic, which complicates the identification of the disease and increases the risk of thromboembolic events. Therefore, it is important to be alert to patients with risk factors and consider the adoption of more effective strategies to screen for and identify this arrhythmia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Advanced age, hypertension, heart failure (HF), and coronary artery disease are among the main risk factors for AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In suspected AF, the most used complementary tests in attempt to confirm the diagnosis are the 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) and 24-hour Holter monitoring. However, more than 50% of the cases may not be diagnosed by these tests, particularly paroxysmal AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> On the other hand, long-term Holter monitoring, home ECG monitoring, algorithms based on RR variability and other wearable systems aiming at increasing diagnostic capacity, especially of paroxysmal FA, have been the subject of clinical trials.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In light of this challenge, a "Program to optimize the detection of paroxysmal AF" was created and implemented, aiming at evaluating a simple and accessible strategy to optimize the identification of this arrhythmia in asymptomatic elderly patients with hypertension or HF.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Characteristics of the study</title>
          <p>This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted with asymptomatic patients aged &#8805; 65 years, with hypertension or HF by a coordinating center and coinvestigators (cardiologists) that participated in the training and data collection. The study was carried out at the general hospital of the Federal University of Goias.</p>
          <p>The study was approved by the ethics committee of the hospital (approval number 58646322.9.0000.5078). All participants signed an informed consent form before the study was initiated.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study population</title>
          <p>For sample size calculation, we considered the elderly population in Brazil and the prevalence of AF of 3.8% in this group. A 5% level and 95% interval of confidence was used, yielding a sample of 385 participants.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Eligible patients were selected at the cardiology division who were invited to participate in the study. Patients were included from May to December 2023; each patient was assigned an identification number composed of four digits: the first two referring to the place of collection and the last two referring to the patient identification number.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Inclusion criteria</title>
          <p>Patients aged 65 years or older, with diagnosis of hypertension or HF based on medical history, review of medical records and medications used were included in the study.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Exclusion criteria</title>
          <p>Patients with previous diagnosis of AF identified from the medical records or by ECG or Holter, and patients participating in other study protocols were excluded.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study procedures</title>
          <p>Data were collected and managed using the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) hosted at the Federal University of Goias. REDCap is a safe, web-based software platform, designed to support data capture for research studies. REDCap provides an intuitive interface to capture validated data; audit trail to detect data manipulation and exportation procedures; automated data export functions continuous downloads to common statistical packages; and procedures for data integration and interoperability with external sources.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
          <p>Each patient was registered on &lt;<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.sra.cardios.net">www.sra.cardios.net</ext-link>&gt;, with insertion of data for the Stroke Risk Analysis (SRA) using the CardioNet software. Electrocardiographic recordings were performed for one hour using the Cardio Light &#174; (Cardios, Sao Paulo, Brazil) equipment for the SRA. During this period, the patient was free to move in an outpatient environment, while connected to this circuit. The electrodes were placed on standard positions used for an ECG after patient's hair removal from these sites. At the end of the test, data were transferred from the portable device to the SRA platform.</p>
          <p>The SRA mathematical algorithm analyses parameters of RR variability on ECG, providing three different scenarios as decision matrix derived from the Poincar&#233; plot: without increased risk for AF, high risk for AF, and presence of AF detected in the first hour of electrocardiographic recordings (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 1</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
          <fig id="f7">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Parameters used in the decision matrix of the stroke risk analysis; ECG: electrocardiogram; AF: atrial fibrillation; PAF: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation; source: Duning et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240235-40235-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
          <p>After the SRA, patients without increased risk for AF continued follow-up according to the clinical routine at each clinic. Those with AF identified during the one-hour monitoring received instructions about treatment and monitoring of arrhythmia, and patients at high risk for AF were assigned to home ECG.</p>
          <p>Home ECG recording was carried out using a portable device (Kardia 6L OMRON/AliveCor<sup>&#174;</sup>) with six leads and 30-second recordings. The app for connection and download of the electrocardiographic recordings was installed on patient's smartphone by the coinvestigator. Patients were instructed to make three ECG recordings (one in the morning, one in the afternoon and one at night, at any time) daily and additional recordings (if symptoms like palpitations were present) for seven consecutive days. The first recording was made by the cardiologist, who gave instructions to the patient or caregiver (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 2</xref>).</p>
          <fig id="f8">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Mobile six-lead electrocardiogram device (Kardia 6L); source: OMRON.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240235-40235-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
          <p>In order to increase patient's adhesion to the protocol of home ECG monitoring, each patient was given a daily record form and instructed about the correct way to make the ECG recordings and complete the time sheet (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f9">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
          <fig id="f9">
            <label>Figure 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Daily time sheet for electrocardiographic recordings.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240235-40235-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
          <p>For patients at high risk for AF according to the SRA that did not return to perform home ECG, an ECG without AF was considered for analysis.</p>
          <p>At the end of one week, the patient went to the center to return the device and receive instructions on the ECG results. All electrocardiographic recordings were sent by app to a central platform accessed by the coordinating center and analyzed for the presence of arrhythmia using several algorithms.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study instruments and variables</title>
          <p>Three instruments were used in the study: a sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire; the SRA report available in the software, and the home ECG time sheet (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Table 1</xref>).</p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Instruments, variables, units of measurement and categories</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="33%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                  <th align="left" valign="middle">Instruments</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Variables</th>
                  <th align="center" valign="middle">Units of measurement and categories</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="27" valign="middle">Sociodemographic and clinical questionnaire</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Initials and registration number</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Used for organization of the study</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle">Sex</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Male</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Female</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Age</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Calculated from date of birth (in years)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="4" valign="middle">Marital status</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Single</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Married</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Divorced</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Widow/er</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <td align="center" rowspan="9" valign="middle">School attainment</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Illiterate</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Primary education</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Some primary education</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Secondary education</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Some secondary education</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Tertiary education</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Some tertiary education</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Postgraduation</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Some postgraduation</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="middle">Smoking</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Current smoker</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Former smoker</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">No</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="middle">Alcohol consumption</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">No</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Within recommendations</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Above recommendations</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle">Physical activity</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Active (&gt; 150 min/week)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Sedentary (&lt;150 min /week)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="border-top: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle">Clinical diagnosis</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Hypertension</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Heart failure</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="left" rowspan="3" valign="middle">SRA</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="middle">SRA result</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Presence of AF</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Increased risk for AF</td>
                </tr>
                <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Without increased risk for AF</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="2" valign="middle">ECG</td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="middle">Presence or absence of AF in any ECG in seven days</td>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Presence of AF</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" valign="middle">Absence of AF</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3">
                <p>SRA: Stroke Risk Analysis; ECG: electrocardiogram; AF: atrial fibrillation.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Data were exported from the RedCap for statistical analysis using Jamovi 2.2.5. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed using central tendency measures and dispersion for quantitative variables and frequency for qualitative variables. The Kolmogorov-test was used to test the normality of quantitative variables; those with normal distribution were expressed as mean and standard deviation. A p&lt;0.05 was set as statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>A total of 423 patients were evaluated; 15 were excluded due to absence of SRA, resulting in a sample of 408 patients. Mean age was 75.2 &#177; 7.3 years, mean body mass index (BMI) was 27.3&#177;7.3 Kg/m<sup>2</sup> and 66.4% of patients were women. A diagnosis of hypertension was the main inclusion criteria (96.3%) (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Table 2</xref>)</p>
        <table-wrap id="t5">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Characteristics of the study population</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="49%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">Variables</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">n (%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="3" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Marital status</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">With a companion</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">243 (59.5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">No companion</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">162 (39.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">No information</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">3 (0.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="3" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Educational attainment</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Illiterate</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">24 (5.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Primary education (completed or not)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">199 (48.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Secondary education (completed or not)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">101 (24.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Tertiary (completed or not)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">84 (20.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Smoking</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">16 (4.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Alcohol consumption</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">68 (16.6)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Sedentary lifestyle</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">209 (51.4)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="3" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Number of antihypertensive drug classes</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">One</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">136 (35.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Two</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">135 (34.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">&#8805; Three</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">118 (30.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="3" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Classes de antihypertensives</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">69 (16.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Angiotensin II receptor blockers</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">247 (60.5)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Calcium channel blockers</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">142 (34.8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Betablockers</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">158 (38.7)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Diuretics</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">159 (39.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle"/>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Others</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">16 (3.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Statins</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">269 (65.9)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">
                  <bold>Oral antidiabetics</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">107 (26.2)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>The SRA was carried out in 408 patients, yielding the following results: 13 (3.2%) had AF, 120 (29.4%) were at high risk for AF and 275 (67.4%) without increased risk.</p>
        <p>Of the 120 patients at high risk, 111 successfully completed the seven-day protocol with Kardia. Nine (7.5%) patients did not return to receive instructions and start home ECG, and were then considered without AF, as previously established in the protocol. During the seven-day follow-up, at least one AF was identified by Kardia in 43 patients (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">Figure 4</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f10">
          <label>Figure 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Identification of atrial fibrillation (AF) by stroke risk analysis (SRA) and KARDIA in the study population.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240235-40235-gf05-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>In addition, the frequency of AF identified by SRA and by home ECG in patients with hypertension and HF was evaluated (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Table 3</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Atrial fibrillation diagnosed by stroke risk analysis (SRA), home electrocardiogram by diagnosis (hypertension and atrial fibrillation)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="25%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Diagnosis</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">AF by SRA n (%)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">AF by ECG n (%)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Total n (%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Hypertension (n=393)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">11 (2.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">40 (10.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">51 (13.0)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Heart failure (n=15)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">2 (13.0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">3 (20.0)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">5 (33.3)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Total (n=408)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">13 (3.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">43 (10.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">56 (13.7)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN4">
              <p>SRA: Stroke Risk Analysis; ECG: electrocardiogram; AF: atrial fibrillation.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The prevalence of AF in adults is estimated at 2-4%, and in elderly hypertensive individuals and HF patients this prevalence is certainly higher. AF accounts for 20-30% of ischemic and 10% of cryptogenic cerebrovascular accidents; the risk is twice as high for patients with hypertension or HF and 1.5 fold higher among the elderly. Despite asymptomatic, older patients with hypertension or HF are at higher risk for both AF and its related complications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In the present study, of 423 patients who agreed to participate in the study, only 15 (3.5%) did not perform the SRA, indicating good compliance to the method. This suggests that the SRA is a plausible alternative in case of normal 24-hour Holter monitoring, since it is known that 50% of AF episodes are not detected by this method. Besides, as compared with 24-hour Holter, the SRA has a specificity and a sensitivity above 95% to identify an increased risk for AF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
        <p>It is of note that 96.3% of the studied population was composed of older hypertensive patients and, therefore, our findings should be considered mainly within this context. On the other hand, this population is usually seen in medical practice, suggesting the usefulness of these findings in clinical practice.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <p>All patients were using antihypertensive drugs; angiotensin receptor blockers were the most commonly used (60.5%), and 65% of patients were taking antihypertensive combination treatment. Also, 65.9% and 26.2% of patients were using statins and oral antidiabetic agents, respectively, illustrating the high prevalence of risk factors like dyslipidemia and diabetes in this population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Also, in our sample, there was an increased prevalence of patients at high risk patients for AF (29.4%) in addition to those patients (3.2) with AF identified during the one-hour ECG monitoring for the SRA. Although it is known that the cumulative risk for AF significantly increases with age, to identify this arrhythmia in asymptomatic subjects is still challenging.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Of the 120 patients at high risk for AF according to the SRA, 111 performed home ECG for seven days using six-lead Kardia. Episodes of AF were identified in 43 patients, <italic>i.e</italic>., nearly one third of the high-risk patients (identified by the SRA) showed at least one episode of AF detected by home. In the VITAL-AH<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> study, 30,715 patients (seen in primary care clinics) older than 65 years old, without previous AF were evaluated; half of the patients were randomized to use a single-lead ECG (AliveCor KardiaMobile) during the visit and new episodes of AF were detected in 1.72% and 1.59% of the screening group and the control group (p=0.38) respectively.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Based on these results, the use of the one-lead ECG Kardia device in primary care services was not effective as compared to the control group. On the other hand, our results indicated greater effectiveness of the home ECG using the Kardia device following previous identification of patients at higher risk for AF by the SRA. In another study, with patients with recurrent AF, the use of the KardiaMobile 6L was shown effective for early detection of arrythmia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In 408 patients, AF episodes were identified in 3.2% of patients by the SRA and n 10.5% of patients by the KardiaMobile 6L (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f10">Figure 4</xref>). The frequency of AF in patients with hypertension and in those with HF was 13% and 33.3%, respectively; however, these results should be interpreted with caution, since only 3.7% of the patients had HF.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Study limitations</title>
          <p>Almost all results of this study derived from older hypertensive patients and thus caution is needed to extrapolate them to older patients with HF. On the other hand, the higher incidence of AF in HF patients stands out and calls attention to the need for specific studies on the disease. Patients without increased risk for AF, as determined by the SRA, did not perform ECG, which made the analysis of the incidence of arrhythmia in this subgroup impossible. Although the incidence of AF reported in the RITMO study was determined by the automated analysis of the AliveCor Kardia algorithm, revision and validation of the presence of AF by a qualified professional is always desirable. Also, one should consider that some patients may have presented AF episodes at times with no electrocardiographic monitoring, <italic>i.e</italic>., the possibility that the incidence may have been underestimated by this strategy cannot be ruled out.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>The strategy adopted in the RITMO study was shown to be effective in identifying AF in asymptomatic elderly patients with hypertension or HF.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn4">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p>This study was partially funded by EMS, Omron, Cardios.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Rodrigo Paashaus de Andrade, from Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de - Faculdade de Medicina - Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da UFG under the protocol number CAE 58646322.9.0000.5078. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
