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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">xCz4cjWr7ZCPQ7nxCS6d9Vd</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000900307</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00307</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240068</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Impacto da Cardiopatia Grave nas Causas de &#211;bito e Sobrevida ap&#243;s Aposentadoria por Invalidez</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4385-2660</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pozzobon</surname>
            <given-names>Cesar Romaro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7058-799X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Porto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7784-9905</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Luiz</surname>
            <given-names>Ronir Raggio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0737-6188</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>de Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Abdala Saad</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Abdala Saad, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Vassouras</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Vassouras</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Vassouras, Vassouras, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; R. Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255 &#8211; 8&#176; Andar &#8211; Sala 6. CEP <postal-code>21941-913</postal-code>, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Marcio Bittencourt</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240068</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>10</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f1">
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            </alternatives>
          </fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>As doen&#231;as n&#227;o comunic&#225;veis s&#227;o respons&#225;veis por mortes prematuras e limita&#231;&#245;es. A aposentadoria por invalidez est&#225; associada a condi&#231;&#245;es cr&#244;nicas, especialmente a doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. A II Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiopatia Grave definiu crit&#233;rios para enquadramento das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. Poucos estudos abordam esse tema em institui&#231;&#245;es federais.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos:</title>
          <p>Avaliar sobrevida e causas de &#243;bito de servidores aposentados por invalidez na UFRJ, com &#234;nfase no impacto da cardiopatia grave.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo de coorte retrospectivo baseado nos registros de aposentadorias e &#243;bitos ao longo de 15 anos. As aposentadorias foram divididas em tr&#234;s grupos: integral por cardiopatia grave, integral por outras doen&#231;as e proporcional. As causas de &#243;bito foram obtidas a partir das certid&#245;es de &#243;bito. Foram avaliadas taxa de mortalidade, sobrevida e a presen&#231;a de diagn&#243;sticos concordantes entre a aposentadoria e o &#243;bito. Foram utilizados testes qui-quadrado, log-rank, modelos de Cox e curvas de Kaplan-Meier. Signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica com intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%, considerando p &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Foram 630 aposentadorias, 368 (51,4%) no sexo feminino, com idade m&#233;dia de idade de 52,9 (DP=7,8) anos, e 169 (26,8%) &#243;bitos. A mortalidade foi maior nos professores (37,0%; p=0,113), na faixa et&#225;ria entre 65 e 70 anos (48,4%; p=0,004), no sexo masculino (34,0%; p=0,001), e nas aposentadorias integrais por cardiopatia grave (41,5%; p &lt; 0,001). Diagn&#243;sticos concordantes entre aposentadoria e &#243;bito foram mais frequentes em professores (74,1%; p=0,026) e nas aposentadorias integrais por cardiopatia grave (72,7%; p &lt; 0,001).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es:</title>
          <p>O diagn&#243;stico de cardiopatia grave confere maior taxa de mortalidade e menor sobrevida aos aposentados por invalidez, e sua presen&#231;a em maior frequ&#234;ncia nos diagn&#243;sticos de aposentadoria e &#243;bito ressalta sua import&#226;ncia neste contexto.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Aposentadoria</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias</kwd>
        <kwd>Sobrevida</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="8"/>
        <table-count count="10"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="33"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>As doen&#231;as n&#227;o comunic&#225;veis (DNC) s&#227;o um grave problema global, causando mortes prematuras, perda de qualidade de vida e impactos econ&#244;micos significativos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de destaca sua preval&#234;ncia, sendo a principal causa de mortalidade, incapacidade prematura e aposentadoria por invalidez em muitos pa&#237;ses, incluindo o Brasil.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Respons&#225;veis por aproximadamente 70% das mortes globais, as DNC incluem doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, neoplasias, doen&#231;as respirat&#243;rias cr&#244;nicas e diabetes. As cardiovasculares lideram as estat&#237;sticas, representando 45% das mortes em 2019, segundo a "Estat&#237;stica Cardiovascular 2021".<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Essa tend&#234;ncia &#233; observada de maneira semelhante no Brasil, onde 72% das mortes s&#227;o atribu&#237;das as DNC, sendo 30% relacionadas a doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e 16% a neoplasias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A aposentadoria por incapacidade permanente ou invalidez representa um benef&#237;cio destinado aos servidores p&#250;blicos civis no Brasil, cuja inaptid&#227;o laboral de car&#225;ter duradouro &#233; atribu&#237;da a doen&#231;a ou acidente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A Lei n&#186; 8.112 estabelece que a concess&#227;o de proventos integrais para tal aposentadoria se aplica nos casos derivados de acidente em servi&#231;o, mol&#233;stia profissional ou doen&#231;a grave previamente elencada em legisla&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica. Concomitantemente, proventos proporcionais s&#227;o contemplados nas demais circunst&#226;ncias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A reforma previdenci&#225;ria, implementada por meio da Emenda Constitucional n&#186; 103,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> introduziu altera&#231;&#245;es significativas, restringindo o direito &#224; aposentadoria integral apenas aos casos de incapacidade permanente decorrente de acidente de trabalho, doen&#231;a profissional e doen&#231;a do trabalho, gerando preocupa&#231;&#245;es sobre a redu&#231;&#227;o de rendimentos para os aposentados por invalidez.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Diversas pesquisas internacionais identificaram uma maior mortalidade entre os aposentados por invalidez em compara&#231;&#227;o com aqueles que n&#227;o se aposentaram, embora a raz&#227;o para essa discrep&#226;ncia n&#227;o esteja completamente esclarecida. Como justificativa, esses estudos levantaram a hip&#243;tese de que o fator determinante para essa diferen&#231;a poderia ser a condi&#231;&#227;o subjacente que levou &#224; aposentadoria por invalidez. Contudo, n&#227;o conseguiram estabelecer essa rela&#231;&#227;o de maneira independente de outros fatores de confus&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em 2006, com o objetivo de padronizar a interpreta&#231;&#227;o e o enquadramento legal das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, a Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia (SBC) desenvolveu a II Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiopatia Grave. Esta diretriz estabelece uma defini&#231;&#227;o e categoriza&#231;&#227;o das cardiopatias com base em sua gravidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> O conceito de cardiopatia grave engloba condi&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas tanto cr&#244;nicas quanto agudas, considerando as limita&#231;&#245;es na capacidade f&#237;sica e funcional impostas pela doen&#231;a. Dentro desse contexto, e considerando que as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares s&#227;o as principais DNC associadas &#224; aposentadoria por invalidez e &#224; mortalidade no Brasil, a defini&#231;&#227;o de cardiopatia grave possibilita a avalia&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade espec&#237;fica entre os servidores aposentados por invalidez. Isso permite compara&#231;&#245;es com outras causas de mortalidade dentro desse mesmo grupo populacional.</p>
      <p>O estudo foca na Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), uma das principais universidades federais no Brasil,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> explorando a sobrevida e causas de &#243;bito de servidores aposentados por invalidez de 2003 a 2017, com &#234;nfase na influ&#234;ncia da cardiopatia grave. Essa pesquisa visa preencher lacunas nacionais, especialmente entre servidores universit&#225;rios.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Realizamos um estudo de coorte retrospectiva com base nas aposentadorias por invalidez de servidores p&#250;blicos civis da UFRJ, entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2017, seguindo a metodologia de Pozzobon et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As informa&#231;&#245;es sobre &#243;bitos foram obtidas do Subsistema Integrado de Aten&#231;&#227;o &#224; Sa&#250;de do Servidor, SIAPENET, Sistema Integrado de Recursos Humanos, Certid&#245;es de &#211;bito da Coordena&#231;&#227;o de Gest&#227;o de Pessoal da UFRJ e Sistema de Informa&#231;&#245;es sobre Mortalidade &#8211; SIM<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> do Estado do Rio de Janeiro.</p>
      <p>Enfatizando o impacto da cardiopatia grave, dividimos as aposentadorias em tr&#234;s grupos: integral por cardiopatia grave, integral por outras doen&#231;as e proporcional. Especificamente no grupo de aposentadorias integrais por cardiopatia grave, analisamos o diagn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica do cora&#231;&#227;o (DIC) como causa da aposentadoria e &#243;bito. Consideramos a causa b&#225;sica e associada para &#243;bitos por cardiopatia grave. Para analisar a taxa de mortalidade nas aposentadorias integrais, seguimos a metodologia de Pozzobon et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Os per&#237;odos de ocorr&#234;ncia das aposentadorias foram divididos e considerados a partir da data de publica&#231;&#227;o da II Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiopatia Grave, em agosto de 2006.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Utilizamos os softwares Excel-Microsoft&#174; vers&#227;o 16 para coleta de dados e Statistical Package for Social Sciences - SPSS&#174; vers&#227;o 24 para an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas. Resultados foram expressos em n&#250;meros absolutos, percentuais e mediana. O teste qui-quadrado comparou vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas. Pelo teste Kolgomorov-Smirnov a distribui&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o foi normal, com p &lt; 0,001. Taxas de mortalidade foram calculadas considerando o tempo total at&#233; o &#243;bito. O tempo m&#233;dio de seguimento foi 10 anos e 6 meses. A sobrevida foi descrita com curvas de Kaplan-Meier e comparada pelo teste log-rank. Modelos de Cox univariado e m&#250;ltiplo ajustaram a an&#225;lise de mortalidade, com c&#225;lculo de hazard ratio (HR) bruto e ajustado (HRaj). Teste qui-quadrado avaliou a presen&#231;a de diagn&#243;sticos concordantes na aposentadoria e &#243;bito. Consideramos significativo p &lt; 0,05 com intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95%.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Foram examinadas 700 aposentadorias por invalidez ocorridas entre janeiro de 2003 e dezembro de 2017. Em 70 registros (10%), os servidores foram revertidos &#224; condi&#231;&#227;o de ativos, sendo assim exclu&#237;dos da an&#225;lise, resultando em 630 aposentadorias consideradas. Desse total, 334 (53%) foram classificadas como aposentadorias integrais e 296 (47%) como proporcionais.</p>
      <p>Ao analisar os dados, independentemente do tipo de aposentadoria, constatou-se que 499 servidores (79,2%) estavam na faixa et&#225;ria de 30 a 59 anos no momento da aposentadoria, 77 (12,2%) estavam na faixa de 60 a 64 anos, e 54 (8,6%) estavam na faixa de 65 a 70 anos. No que se refere ao g&#234;nero, 262 (41,6%) ocorreram no sexo masculino e 368 (51,4%) no feminino. A mediana de idade na aposentadoria foi de 53 (47-58) anos.</p>
      <p>Foram identificados 169 &#243;bitos, correspondendo a uma propor&#231;&#227;o de 26,8% dentro da amostra estudada. Ao considerar o cargo de entrada na universidade, a propor&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bitos mostrou-se mais elevada entre os professores (37,0%) em compara&#231;&#227;o com os demais cargos. Al&#233;m disso, a propor&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bitos foi significativamente superior na faixa et&#225;ria de 65 a 70 anos (48,4%) em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s outras faixas, apesar de o maior n&#250;mero absoluto de aposentadorias ter ocorrido em idades mais jovens. Da mesma forma, a propor&#231;&#227;o dos &#243;bitos tamb&#233;m foi maior no sexo masculino (34,0%), assim como nas aposentadorias integrais devido a cardiopatia grave (41,5%), em compara&#231;&#227;o com as proporcionais. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a na mortalidade em rela&#231;&#227;o ao per&#237;odo da aposentadoria. Estes achados podem ser observados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> a seguir.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Mortalidade da coorte de ex-servidores da UFRJ aposentados por invalidez de 2003 a 2017 segundo o cargo, a idade, o sexo e o perfil das aposentadorias</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="12%">
            <col width="1%"/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
              <th align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="4" valign="middle">Cargo, idade, sexo e o perfil das aposentadorias</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Total</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="4" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">&#211;bito<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN2">*</xref> </th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="4" valign="middle">p-valor pelo teste &#967;<sup>2</sup></th>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">N&#227;o</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Sim</th>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">(n=630; 100%)</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">(n=461; 73,2%)</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">(n=169; 26,8%)</th>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
              <th align="center" valign="middle">N</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">n</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">N</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                <bold>Cargo</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Professor</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">73</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">46</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">63,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">27</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>37,0</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,113</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Tec-adm superior</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">92</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">69</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">75,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">23</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>25,0</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Tec-adm m&#233;dio ou elementar</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">465</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">346</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">74,4</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>25,6</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                <bold>Idade na aposentadoria</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">30 a 59 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">499</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">380</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">76,2</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>23,8</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,004</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">60 a 64 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">77</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">48</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">62,3</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">29</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>37,7</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">65 a 70 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">64</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">33</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">51,6</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">31</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>48,4</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                <bold>Sexo</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Masculino</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">262</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">173</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">66,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">89</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>34,0</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Feminino</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">368</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">288</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">78,3</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">80</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>21,7</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                <bold>Tipo de aposentadoria</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Integral por cardiopatia grave</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">53</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">31</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">58,5</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">22</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>41,5</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Integral por outras doen&#231;as</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">281</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">171</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">60,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">110</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>39,1</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Proporcional</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">296</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">259</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">87,5</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">37</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>12,5</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                <bold>Per&#237;odo da aposentadoria</bold>
                <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN3">&#8224;</xref>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">At&#233; agosto de 2006</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">205</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">147</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">71,7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">58</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>28,3</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,564</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">A partir de setembro de 2006</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">425</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">314</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">73,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">111</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>26,1</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>Tec-adm: T&#233;cnico-administrativos.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN2">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Informa&#231;&#227;o atualizada at&#233; julho de 2022.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN3">
            <label>&#8224;</label>
            <p>Em fun&#231;&#227;o da II Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiopatia Grave.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>O c&#225;lculo das taxas de mortalidade corroborou os achados anteriores e podem ser encontrados na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>. Foram maiores no cargo de professor, na faixa et&#225;ria entre 65 a 70 anos, no sexo masculino e nas aposentadorias integrais por cardiopatia grave. Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao per&#237;odo de aposentadoria, a taxa de mortalidade foi maior nos servidores aposentados ap&#243;s agosto de 2006, quando houve mudan&#231;a nos crit&#233;rios de enquadramento das aposentadorias por cardiopatia grave, ap&#243;s a elabora&#231;&#227;o da II Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiopatia Grave.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t2">
        <label>Tabela 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Taxas de mortalidade da coorte de ex-servidores da UFRJ aposentados por invalidez de 2003 a 2017 segundo o cargo, a idade na aposentadoria, o sexo e o perfil das aposentadorias</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="14%">
            <col width="1%"/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
              <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">Cargo, idade na aposentadoria, sexo e tipo de aposentadoria</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">&#211;bitos<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN5">*</xref> </th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Pessoas-ano</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" valign="middle">Taxa (IC95%) por 100 pessoas-ano</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">M&#233;dia de Sobrevida (anos)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">p-valor do teste log-rank</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                <bold>Cargo</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Professor</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">27</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">695,3</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>3,9</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(2,6 - 5,6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">13,4</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,094</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Tec-adm superior</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">23</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">948,7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>2,4</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(1,6 - 3,6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">15,3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Tec-adm m&#233;dio ou elementar</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">4.995,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>2,4</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(2,0 - 2,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">15,4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                <bold>Idade na aposentadoria</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">30 a 59 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">5.513,4</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>2,2</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(1,8 - 2,6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">15,7</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">60 a 64 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">29</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">631,7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>4,6</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(3,1 - 6,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">13,0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">65 a 70 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">31</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">493,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>6,3</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(4,3 - 8,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">13,0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                <bold>Sexo</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Masculino</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">89</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">2.472,4</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>3,6</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(2,9 - 4,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">13,9</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Feminino</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">80</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">4.166,6</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>1,9</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(1,5 - 2,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">16,0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                <bold>Tipo de aposentadoria</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Integral por cardiopatia grave</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">22</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">517,6</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>4,3</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(2,7 - 6,3)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">13,1</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Integral por outras doen&#231;as</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">110</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">2.575,1</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>4,3</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(3,5 - 5,1)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">12,8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Proporcional</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">37</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3.546,3</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>1,0</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(0,7 - 1,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">17,7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                <bold>Per&#237;odo da aposentadoria</bold>
                <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN6">&#8224;</xref>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">At&#233; agosto de 2006</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">58</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">2.934,2</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>2,0</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(1,5 - 2,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">15,5</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,364</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">A partir de setembro de 2006</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">111</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3.704,8</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>3,0</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(2,5 - 3,6)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">12,5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                <bold>TOTAL</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>169</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>6.639,0</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>2,5</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>(2,2 - 2,9)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>15,2</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN4">
            <p>Tec-adm: T&#233;cnico-administrativos; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN5">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Informa&#231;&#227;o atualizada at&#233; julho de 2022.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN6">
            <label>&#8224;</label>
            <p>Em fun&#231;&#227;o da II Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiopatia Grave.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>As curvas de Kaplan-Meier na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 1</xref> demonstram as diferen&#231;as observadas na m&#233;dia de sobrevida em rela&#231;&#227;o as vari&#225;veis analisadas. Foram evidenciadas m&#233;dias de sobrevida maiores nos cargos de t&#233;cnico-administrativos de n&#237;vel superior e n&#237;vel m&#233;dio ou elementar quando comparadas aos professores. Na faixa et&#225;ria entre 30 e 59 anos a m&#233;dia de sobrevida foi de 15,7 anos e significativamente maior em rela&#231;&#227;o as outras faixas et&#225;rias. Na compara&#231;&#227;o entre os sexos, a m&#233;dia de sobrevida foi maior no sexo feminino. J&#225; de acordo com o tipo de aposentadoria, a m&#233;dia de sobrevida foi menor nas aposentadorias integrais por cardiopatia grave, em rela&#231;&#227;o ao observado nas aposentadorias proporcionais.</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Curvas de sobreviv&#234;ncia da coorte de ex-servidores da UFRJ aposentados por invalidez no per&#237;odo de 2003 a 2017 segundo cargo (1A), idade na aposentadoria (1B), sexo (1C) e tipo de aposentadoria (1D).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240068-40068-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Adicionalmente, para an&#225;lise da mortalidade em fun&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis, foram ajustados modelos de Cox univariado e m&#250;ltiplo. Esta avalia&#231;&#227;o permitiu observar que para cada ano ap&#243;s a aposentadoria, a chance de &#243;bito aumenta em 1,057 (5,7%) quando n&#227;o ajustada, e em 1,045 (4,5%) quando ajustada com p &lt; 0,001. Da mesma maneira, a chance de &#243;bito &#233; maior dentro do sexo masculino (HR<sub>aj</sub> = 1,50) e quando a aposentadoria &#233; integral por cardiopatia grave (HR<sub>aj</sub> = 2,80) em compara&#231;&#227;o a aposentadoria proporcional (<inline-supplementary-material mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240068-40068-suppl01.pdf">Tabela suplementar 1</inline-supplementary-material>).</p>
      <p>As taxas de mortalidade tamb&#233;m foram calculadas na coorte de servidores aposentados de forma integral e comparadas para cada uma das vari&#225;veis. Nesta an&#225;lise as taxas de mortalidade foram semelhantes entre os cargos de ingresso na universidade. Em rela&#231;&#227;o a idade na ocasi&#227;o da aposentadoria, as taxas de mortalidade foram maiores entre as faixas et&#225;rias de 60 a 64 anos e de 65 a 70 anos, assim como no sexo masculino. Dentro das aposentadorias integrais, as doen&#231;as foram divididas em grupos, com o grupo das neoplasias, hepatopatias ou nefropatias apresentando maior taxa de mortalidade, com as neoplasias sendo respons&#225;veis por 87% dos &#243;bitos dentro deste grupo, seguido do grupo das cardiopatias graves. Considerando o per&#237;odo de ocorr&#234;ncia da aposentadoria integral, a taxa de mortalidade observada ap&#243;s 2006 tamb&#233;m foi maior (<inline-supplementary-material mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240068-40068-suppl02.pdf">Tabela suplementar 2</inline-supplementary-material>).</p>
      <p>As taxas de mortalidade foram avaliadas para o grupo de aposentadorias integrais por cardiopatia grave (n = 53) de acordo com a presen&#231;a de DIC na ocasi&#227;o da aposentadoria e para as vari&#225;veis sexo, idade e per&#237;odo de ocorr&#234;ncia da aposentadoria. Foram 22 &#243;bitos, dos quais 10 em ex-servidores que apresentavam DIC no ato da aposentadoria conferindo menor taxa de mortalidade, maior m&#233;dia de sobrevida, entretanto sem diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa. Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao sexo foi observada maior taxa de mortalidade e menor m&#233;dia de sobrevida no sexo masculino (n = 17), conforme demonstrado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 2</xref>. N&#227;o houve relev&#226;ncia significativa na an&#225;lise das vari&#225;veis idade e per&#237;odo de aposentadoria, o que pode ser observado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>.</p>
      <fig id="f3">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Curvas de sobrevida da coorte de ex-funcion&#225;rios da UFRJ aposentados por cardiopatia grave no per&#237;odo de 2003 a 2017 segundo sexo (2A) e presen&#231;a de cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica no momento da aposentadoria (2B).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240068-40068-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      <table-wrap id="t3">
        <label>Tabela 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Taxas de mortalidade da coorte de ex-servidores da UFRJ aposentados por cardiopatia grave (n = 53) de 2003 a 2017 segundo a presen&#231;a de doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica, idade na aposentadoria, sexo e per&#237;odo da aposentadoria</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="14%">
            <col width="1%"/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
              <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">Doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica, idade na aposentadoria, sexo e per&#237;odo da aposentadoria</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">&#211;bitos<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN7">*</xref> </th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Pessoas-ano</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" valign="middle">Taxa (IC95%) por 100 pessoas-ano</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">M&#233;dia de sobrevida (anos)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">p-valor pelo teste Log-rank</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                <bold>Doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">N&#227;o</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">12</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">240,8</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>5,0</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(2,7 - 8,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">12,4</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,480</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Sim</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">10</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">276,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>3,6</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(1,8 - 6,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">13,0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                <bold>Idade na aposentadoria</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">30 a 59 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">17</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">386,3</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>4,4</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(2,6 - 6,9)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">12,4</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,948</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">60 a 64 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">3</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">85,5</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>3,5</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(0,9 - 9,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">13,5</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">65 a 70 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">2</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">45,8</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>4,4</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(0,7 - 14,4)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">10,2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                <bold>Sexo</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Masculino</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">17</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">281,8</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>6,0</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(3,6 - 9,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">11,5</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,055</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Feminino</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">5</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">235,8</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>2,1</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(0,8 - 4,7)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">14,7</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                <bold>Per&#237;odo da aposentadoria</bold>
                <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN8">&#8224;</xref>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">At&#233; agosto de 2006</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">10</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">169,2</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>5,9</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(3,0 - 10,5)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">10,6</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,112</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">A partir de setembro de 2006</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">12</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">348,4</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>3,4</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(1,9 - 5,8)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">11,8</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                <bold>TOTAL</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>22</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>517,6</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>4,3</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>(2,7 - 6,3)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>13,2</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN7">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Informa&#231;&#227;o atualizada at&#233; julho de 2022.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN8">
            <label>&#8224;</label>
            <p>Em fun&#231;&#227;o da II Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiopatia Grave.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>A an&#225;lise das taxas de mortalidade tamb&#233;m foi realizada entre os 22 &#243;bitos que ocorreram no grupo de aposentadorias integrais por cardiopatia grave segundo a presen&#231;a de DIC na ocasi&#227;o do &#243;bito conforme demonstrado no <xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 4</xref>. Foram 9 &#243;bitos por DIC, com menor taxa de mortalidade e maior m&#233;dia de sobrevida, por&#233;m sem significado estat&#237;stico, de acordo com a <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 3</xref>. Em rela&#231;&#227;o aos dados observados na tabela anterior, dois ex-servidores que apresentavam DIC na ocasi&#227;o da aposentadoria faleceram de causas n&#227;o cardiol&#243;gicas, um por causa infecciosa e outro por neoplasia. Por outro lado, um ex-servidor aposentado por cardiopatia grave de etiologia n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica, faleceu por infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio configurando a presen&#231;a de DIC na ocasi&#227;o do &#243;bito justificando os resultados.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t4">
        <label>Tabela 4</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Taxas de mortalidade da coorte de ex-servidores da UFRJ falecidos por cardiopatia grave (n = 22) de 2003 a 2017 segundo o &#243;bito por doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="14%">
            <col width="1%"/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
              <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">&#211;bito por doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">&#211;bitos<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN9">*</xref> </th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Pessoas-ano</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" valign="middle">Taxa (IC95%) por 100 pessoas-ano</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">M&#233;dia de sobrevida (anos)</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">p-valor pelo teste Log-rank</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>N&#227;o (n=13)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">13</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">56,8</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">22,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(12,7 - 38,2)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">4,4</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,631</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">
                <bold>Sim (n=9)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">46,2</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">19,5</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">(9,5 - 35,9)</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">5,1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                <bold>TOTAL (n=22)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>22</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>103,0</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>21,4</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>(13,7 - 31,8)</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>4,7</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN9">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Informa&#231;&#227;o atualizada at&#233; julho de 2022.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <fig id="f4">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Curvas de sobrevida da coorte de ex-funcion&#225;rios da UFRJ aposentados por doen&#231;a card&#237;aca grave (n = 22) de 2003 a 2017 segundo &#243;bito por doen&#231;a isqu&#234;mica.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240068-40068-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Por &#250;ltimo, a presen&#231;a de diagn&#243;sticos concordantes na aposentadoria e no &#243;bito foi avaliada e comparada de acordo com cada vari&#225;vel. Houve diagn&#243;sticos concordantes em mais de 70% das aposentadorias no cargo de professor em compara&#231;&#227;o aos demais. Em contrapartida, os servidores de n&#237;vel m&#233;dio ou elementar, em sua maioria, n&#227;o morreram da mesma doen&#231;a pela qual se aposentaram. Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao tipo de aposentadoria, houve diagn&#243;sticos concordantes em 72,7%, nas aposentadorias integrais por cardiopatia grave. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a estatisticamente significativa na compara&#231;&#227;o entre as vari&#225;veis idade, sexo e per&#237;odo de ocorr&#234;ncia da aposentadoria. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 5</xref> a seguir demonstra os dados obtidos.</p>
      <table-wrap id="t5">
        <label>Tabela 5</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Ex-servidores da UFRJ aposentados por invalidez de 2003 a 2017 e j&#225; falecidos<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN11">*</xref>, por diagn&#243;sticos concordantes de aposentadoria e &#243;bito, segundo o cargo, a idade, o sexo e o perfil das aposentadorias</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="12%">
            <col width="1%"/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
              <th align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="3" valign="middle">Cargo, idade na aposentadoria, sexo, tipo e per&#237;odo da aposentadoria</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Total</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="4" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Diagn&#243;sticos concordantes de aposentadoria e &#243;bito?</th>
              <th align="center" rowspan="3" valign="middle">p-valor pelo teste &#967;<sup>2</sup></th>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">N&#227;o</th>
              <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Sim</th>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
              <th align="center" valign="middle">N</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">N</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">n</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                <bold>Cargo</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Professor</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">27</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">25,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">20</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">74,1</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,026</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Tec-adm superior</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">23</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">30,4</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">16</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">69,6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Tec-adm m&#233;dio ou elementar</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">60</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">50,4</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">59</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">49,6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                <bold>Idade na aposentadoria</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">30 a 59 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">52</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">43,7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">67</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">56,3</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,596</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">60 a 64 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">29</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">11</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">37,9</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">18</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">62,1</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">65 a 70 anos</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">21</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">11</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">52,4</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">10</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">47,6</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                <bold>Sexo</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Masculino</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">89</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">43</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">48,3</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">46</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">51,7</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,211</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Feminino</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">80</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">31</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">38,8</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">49</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">61,3</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                <bold>Tipo de aposentadoria</bold>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Integral por cardiopatia grave</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">22</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">6</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">45,5</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">16</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">72,7</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">&lt; 0,001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Integral por outras doen&#231;as</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">110</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">33</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">30,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">77</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">70,0</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">Proporcional</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">37</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">31</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">83,8</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">6</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">16,2</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                <bold>Per&#237;odo da aposentadoria</bold>
                <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN12">&#8224;</xref>
              </td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">At&#233; agosto de 2006</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">58</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">30</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">51,7</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">28</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">48,3</td>
              <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0,133</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="top"/>
              <td align="left" valign="top">A partir de setembro de 2006</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">111</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">100,0</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">44</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">39,6</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">67</td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">60,4</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
              <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                <bold>TOTAL</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>169</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>100,0</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>74</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>43,8</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>95</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top">
                <bold>56,2</bold>
              </td>
              <td align="center" valign="top"/>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN10">
            <p>Tec-adm: T&#233;cnico-administrativos.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN11">
            <label>*</label>
            <p>Informa&#231;&#227;o atualizada at&#233; julho de 2022.</p>
          </fn>
          <fn id="TFN12">
            <label>&#8224;</label>
            <p>Em fun&#231;&#227;o da II Diretriz Brasileira de Cardiopatia Grave.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Este estudo retrospectivo de coorte investigou a sobrevida e mortalidade de servidores aposentados por invalidez na UFRJ de 2003 a 2017, com foco na influ&#234;ncia da cardiopatia grave. A inclus&#227;o da categoriza&#231;&#227;o das cardiopatias graves pela SBC proporcionou um instrumento valioso para analisar as condi&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares no contexto da aposentadoria por invalidez e mortalidade, fornecendo uma base essencial para an&#225;lises espec&#237;ficas. Poucos trabalhos no &#226;mbito nacional estudaram a mortalidade entre servidores aposentados, e os que se propuseram a fazer avaliaram servidores regidos pelo Regime Geral da Previd&#234;ncia Social, diferentemente do presente estudo, que avaliou servidores aposentados pelo Regime Jur&#237;dico &#218;nico (RJU).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> Outros estudos internacionais tamb&#233;m analisaram a mortalidade entre aposentados por invalidez, entretanto esta compara&#231;&#227;o &#233; dif&#237;cil, uma vez que as leis que regem o sistema de aposentadoria e determinam invalidez s&#227;o diferentes, assim como as caracter&#237;sticas das popula&#231;&#245;es estudadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, o diferencial deste estudo foi analisar, dentre os servidores falecidos, a rela&#231;&#227;o entre a doen&#231;a que motivou a aposentadoria e a doen&#231;a que determinou o &#243;bito do servidor, com base nos dados contidos na certid&#227;o de &#243;bito de cada servidor, garantindo assim a veracidade da informa&#231;&#227;o, e consequentemente dos resultados.</p>
      <p>Apesar de n&#227;o ser o objetivo principal deste trabalho, &#233; importante relatar que dentre as 630 aposentadorias analisadas, independentemente do tipo, a maior ocorr&#234;ncia da invalidez se deu na faixa et&#225;ria mais precoce, de 30 a 59 anos. Estes achados j&#225; foram descritos em outros estudos e refor&#231;am o fato de que as DNC est&#227;o sendo respons&#225;veis pela retirada precoce dos servidores do mercado de trabalho.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> Neste estudo, a invalidez tamb&#233;m ocorreu mais no sexo feminino e estes achados tamb&#233;m foram relatados em um trabalho realizado na Universidade Estadual de Londrina em 2016,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> assim como em outros estudos nacionais e internacionais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> Presume-se que essa discrep&#226;ncia derive do fato das mulheres, ao longo de suas vidas profissionais, desempenharem n&#227;o apenas atividades laborais, mas tamb&#233;m tarefas dom&#233;sticas, o que amplia a carga de trabalho e os problemas de sa&#250;de associados.</p>
      <p>Na avalia&#231;&#227;o da propor&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bitos e da taxa de mortalidade, assim como da m&#233;dia de sobrevida dos servidores ap&#243;s a aposentadoria, os homens apresentaram tanto mortalidade, quanto probabilidade de morte maiores em rela&#231;&#227;o as mulheres, com menor m&#233;dia de sobrevida, o que pode indicar que os homens s&#227;o aposentados em condi&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de mais prec&#225;rias do que as mulheres.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> No entanto, generaliza&#231;&#245;es sobre comportamentos e atitudes com base no g&#234;nero podem ser simplistas e n&#227;o levar em conta a diversidade individual. Al&#233;m disso, as caracter&#237;sticas mencionadas podem ser influenciadas por uma variedade de fatores, como contexto cultural, social, econ&#244;mico e educacional. Portanto, &#233; fundamental abordar tais afirma&#231;&#245;es com cautela e reconhecer a complexidade das vari&#225;veis envolvidas.</p>
      <p>No presente estudo uma maior taxa de mortalidade e uma menor sobrevida foram encontradas no cargo de professor e na faixa et&#225;ria entre 65 e 70 anos. No que diz respeito aos professores, a legisla&#231;&#227;o confere a eles o direito de dedicar dois ter&#231;os de sua carga hor&#225;ria ao ensino em sala de aula, enquanto o ter&#231;o restante &#233; destinado &#224; produ&#231;&#227;o cient&#237;fica. Al&#233;m disso, t&#234;m o direito a 45 dias de f&#233;rias por ano, ao contr&#225;rio dos demais servidores. Ao longo de suas carreiras, essa prerrogativa pode resultar em um menor desgaste f&#237;sico e mental para essa categoria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref></sup> Assim, professores teriam uma vida funcional ativa mais longa, e desta forma se afastariam do trabalho apenas quando acometidos por doen&#231;as mais graves, respons&#225;veis pela invalidez, e desta forma com maior probabilidade de morte ap&#243;s a aposentadoria. J&#225; no que diz respeito a faixa et&#225;ria, era de se esperar uma maior mortalidade em idades mais avan&#231;adas conforme observado neste trabalho.</p>
      <p>A propor&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bitos, assim como a taxa de mortalidade foram maiores no grupo de aposentadorias integrais quando comparadas ao grupo de proporcionais, tanto no grupo das aposentadorias integrais por cardiopatia grave quanto no grupo das integrais por outras doen&#231;as. Na compara&#231;&#227;o por grupos de doen&#231;as entre as aposentadorias integrais, o grupo das neoplasias apresentou maior taxa de mortalidade, seguido da cardiopatia grave. Estes achados s&#227;o concordantes com o observado na literatura, pois as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares ainda representam a principal causa de mortalidade em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento, com uma tend&#234;ncia de redu&#231;&#227;o na incid&#234;ncia e na mortalidade, ao passo que as neoplasias, como causa de &#243;bito, v&#234;m crescendo em todo mundo e j&#225; representam a segunda causa de morte na maioria dos pa&#237;ses. Em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos e com popula&#231;&#227;o mais velha, projeta-se que em breve, as neoplasias ultrapassar&#227;o as doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Al&#233;m das an&#225;lises abordadas anteriormente, cabe destacar os achados relacionados &#224; DIC no contexto das aposentadorias por cardiopatia grave. Entre os servidores aposentados por essa condi&#231;&#227;o, a presen&#231;a de DIC no momento da aposentadoria emergiu como um fator associado a taxas de mortalidade mais baixas e uma maior m&#233;dia de sobrevida destacando a import&#226;ncia da detec&#231;&#227;o precoce da DIC no cen&#225;rio da aposentadoria, possivelmente impactando positivamente a trajet&#243;ria p&#243;s-aposentadoria. Ao considerar a presen&#231;a da DIC no momento do &#243;bito, observou-se que servidores falecidos com essa condi&#231;&#227;o apresentaram uma menor taxa de mortalidade e uma maior m&#233;dia de sobrevida, embora sem signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica.</p>
      <p>Al&#233;m dos custos para os governos, existem custos para indiv&#237;duos que se aposentaram devido &#224; DIC. A redu&#231;&#227;o da renda como resultado da aposentadoria por DIC provavelmente reduzir&#225; o padr&#227;o de vida dos indiv&#237;duos e poder&#225; acarretar maior risco de condi&#231;&#245;es inadequadas de poupan&#231;a para a aposentadoria. Estudo realizado na Austr&#225;lia reportou que os trabalhadores que se aposentaram precocemente devido a DIC tinham significativamente menos riqueza pessoal e poupan&#231;as mais baixas quando comparados com aqueles que permaneceram no mercado de trabalho at&#233; a aposentadoria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> Esses achados nos fazem refletir sobre a necessidade de mudan&#231;a das regras atuais de aposentadoria por cardiopatia grave devido a DIC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Ademais, a an&#225;lise diferenciada por sexo revelou que os homens apresentaram uma maior taxa de mortalidade e uma menor m&#233;dia de sobrevida, indicando disparidades de risco entre os g&#234;neros no grupo de aposentadorias por cardiopatia grave. Esses resultados ressaltam as complexas intera&#231;&#245;es entre a doen&#231;a card&#237;aca, aposentadoria e mortalidade, contribuindo para uma vis&#227;o mais abrangente dos fatores que influenciam o desfecho desses servidores no p&#243;s-aposentadoria.</p>
      <p>Por fim, na an&#225;lise dos diagn&#243;sticos concordantes entre a doen&#231;a que motivou a aposentadoria e causa do &#243;bito do servidor, no cargo de professor houve coincid&#234;ncia entre os diagn&#243;sticos em mais de 70% dos casos, e isto pode ser justificado pelo fato dos professores se aposentarem por doen&#231;as mais graves e consequentemente com maior probabilidade de morte pela mesma doen&#231;a. A congru&#234;ncia dentro do grupo de aposentadorias integrais tamb&#233;m ocorreu em mais de 70% dos casos, principalmente no grupo integral por cardiopatia grave, denotando uma maior gravidade para as doen&#231;as que determinam este tipo de aposentadoria. Diferentemente deste trabalho, um estudo realizado na Su&#233;cia comparou a mortalidade de 1683 aposentados com a popula&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o aposentada, ao longo de 18 anos. Uma taxa de mortalidade maior foi encontrada na popula&#231;&#227;o de aposentados por invalidez, entretanto esta diferen&#231;a n&#227;o pode ser atribu&#237;da a doen&#231;a de base que ensejou a aposentadoria. N&#227;o houve associa&#231;&#227;o clara entre o diagn&#243;stico que motivou a incapacidade e a causa do &#243;bito, sugerindo que a doen&#231;a de base pode n&#227;o ter rela&#231;&#227;o com o desfecho desfavor&#225;vel.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A aus&#234;ncia de um grupo controle formado por servidores que se aposentaram voluntariamente por tempo de servi&#231;o constituiu uma limita&#231;&#227;o deste estudo para compara&#231;&#227;o de algumas vari&#225;veis. A escassez de outros estudos semelhantes com servidores regidos pelo RJU, ao mesmo tempo que torna o presente estudo original, acaba por limitar poss&#237;veis compara&#231;&#245;es de resultados representando tamb&#233;m uma limita&#231;&#227;o. Este estudo pretende levantar hip&#243;teses sobre aposentadorias por invalidez em idade produtiva e suas conclus&#245;es, embora limitadas aos dados da maior Universidade Federal do Brasil, podem auxiliar no desenvolvimento de novos estudos sobre o tema. Com as mudan&#231;as legislativas recentes, &#233; essencial direcionar futuras pesquisas para compreender as implica&#231;&#245;es dessas altera&#231;&#245;es nas condi&#231;&#245;es de vida dos servidores aposentados por invalidez.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>Este estudo proporcionou uma compreens&#227;o mais clara do padr&#227;o de mortalidade e sobrevida de servidores aposentados por invalidez na UFRJ. Destacou-se o impacto da cardiopatia grave, evidenciado nas propor&#231;&#245;es de &#243;bitos e taxas de mortalidade, especialmente em aposentadorias integrais por essa condi&#231;&#227;o. A presen&#231;a acentuada de diagn&#243;sticos concordantes entre a causa da aposentadoria e a causa do &#243;bito enfatiza a vulnerabilidade associada &#224; cardiopatia grave. O risco de morte foi maior em aposentadorias integrais por cardiopatia grave. Por outro lado, a sobrevida foi mais prolongada em aposentadorias proporcionais e em faixas et&#225;rias mais precoces, sublinhando a import&#226;ncia de avalia&#231;&#245;es peri&#243;dicas para poss&#237;vel revers&#227;o da aposentadoria, especialmente quando a incapacidade inicial se torna insubsistente (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura Central</xref>).</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de tese de doutorado de Cesar Romaro Pozzobon pelo Pograma de Pos-gradu&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da UFRJ.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</label>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da Universidade de Vassouras sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 4.350.685/2020. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240068i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Impact of Severe Heart Disease on Causes of Death and Survival after Disability Retirement</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4385-2660</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pozzobon</surname>
            <given-names>Cesar Romaro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7058-799X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Porto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7784-9905</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Luiz</surname>
            <given-names>Ronir Raggio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0737-6188</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>de Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o Edson Abdala Saad, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Vassouras</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Vassouras, Vassouras, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro &#8211; R. Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255 &#8211; 8&#176; Andar &#8211; Sala 6. Postal Code <postal-code>21941-913</postal-code>, Cidade Universit&#225;ria, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>glauciamoraesoliveira@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Marcio Bittencourt</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f5">
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240068-40068-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>Noncommunicable diseases contribute to premature deaths and limitations. Disability retirement is linked to chronic conditions, particularly cardiovascular diseases. The II Brazilian Guideline for Severe Heart Disease established criteria for cardiovascular disease classification. However, there is a lack of research in this topic within federal institutions.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>Evaluate the survival and causes of death among disabled retirees at UFRJ, focusing on the impact of severe heart disease.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>A retrospective cohort study based on retirement and death records over 15 years. Retirements were categorized into three groups: full retirement due to severe heart disease, full retirement due to other diseases and proportional. Causes of death were obtained from death certificates. Mortality rates, survival and the presence of matching diagnoses between retirement and death were evaluated. Chi-square, log-rank, Cox models, Kaplan-Meier curves were utilized. Statistical significance with a 95% confidence interval, considering p&lt;0.05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>There were 630 retirements, 368 (51.4%) in females, with an average age of 52.9 (SD=7.8) years, and 169 (26.8%) deaths. Mortality was higher in professors (37.0%; p=0.113), in the age group between 65 and 70 years (48.4%; p=0.004), in males (34.0%; p=0.001), and in full retirements due to severe heart disease (41.5%; p&lt;0.001). Matching diagnoses between retirement and death were more frequent in professors (74.1%; p=0.026) and in full retirements due to severe heart disease (72.7%; p&lt;0.001).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions:</title>
          <p>Severe heart disease diagnosis is associated with higher mortality and shorter survival in disabled retirees. Its frequent occurrence in retirement and death diagnoses underscores its significance in this context.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Retirement</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Survival</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant global problem, leading to premature deaths, reduced quality of life, and substantial economic impacts.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The World Health Organization highlights them as the leading cause of mortality, premature disability, and disability retirement in many countries, including Brazil.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        <p>NCDs are responsible for approximately 70% of global deaths, and include cardiovascular diseases, neoplasms, chronic respiratory diseases, and diabetes. Cardiovascular diseases rank first, accounting for 45% of deaths in 2019, according to "Cardiovascular Statistics 2021".<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A similar trend is observed in Brazil, where 72% of deaths are attributed to NCDs, 30% of which are related to cardiovascular diseases and 16% to neoplasms.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Permanent incapacity or disability retirement is a benefit granted to Brazilian civil public servants whose long-term work incapacity is attributed to illness or accident.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Law n<sup>o</sup> 8.112 establishes that full benefits apply when retirement is due to service-related accidents, occupational disease, or specifically nominated severe illnesses. In all other circumstances, limited benefits are provided.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The pension reform implemented by Constitutional Amendment n<sup>o</sup> 103<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> introduced significant changes, restricting full retirement benefits to cases of permanent disability due to work-related accidents, occupational disease, or work-related illness, and raising concerns about disability retirees&#8217; reduced income.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Many studies worldwide have identified higher mortality rates among disability retirees when compared to those who did not retire, and the reason for this discrepancy remains unclear. The hypothesis of these studies was that the underlying condition leading to disability retirement could be the determining factor for this difference. However, this association was not significant after adjusting for confounding factors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In 2006, in an effort to standardize the interpretation of the legal framework regarding, the Brazilian Society of Cardiology (SBC) developed the II Brazilian Guideline on Severe Heart Disease. This guideline establishes that heart diseases are to be defined and classified by severity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> The concept of severe heart disease encompasses both chronic and acute cardiac disorders, considering the physical and functional limitations imposed by the illness. The definition of severe heart disease enables the evaluation of specific mortality among disability retirees and allows comparisons with other causes of mortality within this population group. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of disability retirement and mortality in Brazil when NCDs are considered.</p>
        <p>This study analyzes survival and causes of death among disability retirees from the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), one of the leading federal universities in Brazil,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> from 2003 to 2017, specifically exploring the influence of severe heart disease. This research aims to fill national research gaps, especially regarding university employees.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of UFRJ civil public servants who retired due to disability from January 2003 to December 2017, following the methodology of Pozzobon et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Information on deaths was obtained from the Integrated Health Care Subsystem for Civil Servants (SIAPENET), the Integrated Human Resources System, Death Certificates from the UFRJ Personnel Management Coordination, and the Mortality Information System (SIM)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> of the State of Rio de Janeiro.</p>
        <p>Emphasizing the impact of severe heart disease, we divided retirees into three groups: full retirement due to severe heart disease, full retirement due to other diseases, and proportional retirement. Specifically, within the group of full retirements due to severe heart disease, we analyzed the diagnosis of ischemic heart disease (IHD) as the cause of retirement and death. We considered both primary and associated causes of death due to severe heart disease. To analyze the mortality rate in full retirements, we followed the methodology of Pozzobon et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> The timing of retirement occurrences was classified as either before or after the publication of the II Brazilian Guideline on Severe Heart Disease (August 2006).</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>We used Excel-Microsoft&#174; version 16 for data collection and Statistical Package for Social Sciences &#8211; SPSS&#174; version 24 for statistical analyses. Results were expressed in absolute numbers, percentages, and medians. The chi-square test was used to compare categorical variables. According to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the population distribution was not normal, with p &lt; 0.001. Mortality rates were calculated considering the total time until death. The mean follow-up time was 10 years and 6 months. Survival was described using Kaplan-Meier curves and the log-rank test was used for comparisons. Univariate and multivariate Cox models were used to adjust for variables in the mortality analysis, with calculation of crude and adjusted hazard ratios (HR and HRaj). The chi-square test was used to evaluate the concordance of diagnoses at retirement and death. A p-value &lt; 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval was considered significant.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>We examined a total of 700 disability retirements occurring between January 2003 and December 2017. Seventy employees (10%) returned to active duty and were excluded from the analysis, resulting in 630 retirements being studied. Among these, 334 (53%) were classified as full retirements and 296 (47%) as proportional retirements.</p>
        <p>The full sample consisted of 499 employees (79.2%) aged between 30 and 59 at the time of retirement, 77 (12.2%) aged between 60 and 64, and 54 (8.6%) aged between 65 and 70. Regarding gender, 262 (41.6%) were male and 368 (58.4%) were female. The median age at retirement was 53 years (range 47-58).</p>
        <p>There were 169 deaths, corresponding to 26.8% of the studied sample. Considering the job position at the university, the proportion of deaths was higher among professors (37.0%) compared to other positions. Additionally, the proportion of deaths was significantly higher in the 65 to 70 age group (48.4%) compared to other age groups, despite the higher absolute number of retirements at younger ages. Similarly, the proportion of deaths was higher among males (34.0%) and in full retirements due to severe heart disease (41.5%) compared to proportional retirements. The timing of retirement was not associated with mortality. These findings are shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t6">Table 1</xref> below.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t6">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Mortality of the cohort of former UFRJ employees retired due to disability from 2003 to 2017 according to position, age at retirement, gender, retirement profile and retirement period</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="12%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
                <th align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="4" valign="middle">Position, age at retirement, gender and retirement profile</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Total</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="4" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Death<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN14">*</xref> </th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="4" valign="middle">p-value from the &#967;<sup>2</sup> test</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">No</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Yes</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">(n=630; 100%)</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">(n=461; 73.2%)</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">(n=169; 26.8%)</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
                <th align="center" valign="middle">N</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">n</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">N</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                  <bold>Position</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Professor</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">73</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">46</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">63.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">27</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>37.0</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.113</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Upper-level admin tech staff</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">92</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">69</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">75.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">23</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>25.0</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Mid/elementary-level admin tech staff</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">465</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">346</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">74.4</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>25.6</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                  <bold>Age at retirement</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">30 to 59 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">499</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">380</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">76.2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>23.8</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.004</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">60 to 64 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">77</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">48</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">62.3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">29</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>37.7</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">65 to 70 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">64</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">33</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">51.6</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">31</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>48.4</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                  <bold>Gender</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Male</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">262</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">173</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">66.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">89</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>34.0</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Female</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">368</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">288</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">78.3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">80</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>21.7</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                  <bold>Type of retirement</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Full due to severe heart disease</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">53</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">31</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">58.5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">22</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>41.5</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Full due to other disease</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">281</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">171</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">60.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">110</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>39.1</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Proportional</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">296</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">259</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">87.5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">37</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>12.5</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                  <bold>Retirement period</bold>
                  <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN15">&#8224;</xref>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Until August 2006</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">205</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">147</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">71.7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">58</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>28.3</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0.564</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">From September 2006</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">425</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">314</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">73.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">111</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>26.1</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN13">
              <p>Admin tech: Administrative technical.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN14">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Information updated until July 2022.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN15">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>In accordance with the II Brazilian Guideline on Severe Cardiopathy.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>The calculation of mortality rates corroborated the previous findings, as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t7">Table 2</xref>. Mortality rates were higher among professors, in the 65 to 70 age group, among males, and in full retirements due to severe heart disease. Regarding the retirement period, the mortality rate was higher among employees who retired after August 2006.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t7">
          <label>Table 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Mortality rates of the cohort of former UFRJ employees retired due to disability from 2003 to 2017 according to position, age at retirement, gender, retirement profile and retirement period</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="14%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
                <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">Position, age at retirement, gender and retirement profile</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Deaths<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN17">*</xref> </th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Person-years</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" valign="middle">Rate (95% CI) per 100 person-years</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Mean Survival (years)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">p-value of the log-rank test</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                  <bold>Position</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Professor</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">27</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">695.3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>3.9</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(2.6 - 5.6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">13.4</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.094</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Upper-level admin tech staff</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">23</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">948.7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>2.4</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(1.6 - 3.6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">15.3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Mid/elementary-level admin tech staff</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4.995.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>2.4</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(2.0 - 2.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">15.4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                  <bold>Age at retirement</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">30 to 59 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5.513.4</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>2.2</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(1.8 - 2.6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">15.7</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">60 to 64 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">29</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">631.7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>4.6</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(3.1 - 6.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">13.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">65 to 70 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">31</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">493.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>6.3</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(4.3 - 8.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">13.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                  <bold>Gender</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Male</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">89</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2.472.4</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>3.6</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(2.9 - 4.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">13.9</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Female</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">80</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4.166.6</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>1.9</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(1.5 - 2.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">16.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                  <bold>Type of retirement</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Full due to severe heart disease</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">22</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">517.6</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>4.3</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(2.7 - 6.3)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">13.1</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Full due to other disease</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">110</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2.575.1</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>4.3</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(3.5 - 5.1)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12.8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Proportional</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">37</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3.546.3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>1.0</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(0.7 - 1.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">17.7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                  <bold>Retirement period</bold>
                  <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN18">&#8224;</xref>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Until August 2006</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">58</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2.934.2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>2.0</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(1.5 - 2.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">15.5</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0.364</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">From September 2006</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">111</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3.704.8</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>3.0</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(2.5 - 3.6)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12.5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>TOTAL</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>169</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>6.639.0</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>2.5</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>(2.2 - 2.9)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>15.2</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN16">
              <p>Admin tech: Administrative technical; CI: confidence interval.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN17">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Information updated until July 2022.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN18">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>In accordance with the II Brazilian Guideline on Severe Cardiopathy.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>The Kaplan-Meier curves in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 1</xref> illustrate the observed differences in mean survival in relation to the analyzed variables. Higher mean survival rates were observed among upper-level and mid/elementary-level administrative technical staff compared to professors. In the 30 to 59 age group, the mean survival was 15.7 years, significantly higher than in the other age groups. When comparing genders, mean survival was higher in females. Regarding type of retirement, mean survival was lower in full retirements due to severe heart disease compared to proportional retirements.</p>
        <fig id="f6">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Survival curves of the cohort of former UFRJ employees retired due to disability from 2003 to 2017 according to position (1A), age at retirement (1B), gender (1C), and type of retirement (1D).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240068-40068-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Additionally, to analyze mortality in relation to variables, Cox univariate and multivariate models were adjusted. For each year after retirement, the risk of death increased by 1.057 (5.7%) when unadjusted, and by 1.045 (4.5%) when adjusted, with p &lt; 0.001. The risk of death was higher in males (HRadj = 1.50) and in cases of full retirement due to severe heart disease (HRadj = 2.80) compared to proportional retirement (<inline-supplementary-material mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240068-40068-suppl01-en.pdf">Supplementary Table 1</inline-supplementary-material>).</p>
        <p>Mortality rates were also calculated in the cohort of fully retired employees and compared across various variables. In this analysis, mortality rates were similar across all job entry positions. Regarding age at retirement, mortality rates were higher in the 60 to 64 and 65 to 70 age groups, as well as among males. Within full retirements, diseases were divided into groups, with the group of neoplasms, liver and kidney diseases showing the highest mortality rate. Neoplasms accounted for 87% of deaths within this group, followed by the group of severe heart diseases. Considering the timing of retirement, the mortality rate was higher among those who retired after August 2006 (<inline-supplementary-material mime-subtype="pdf" mimetype="application" xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240068-40068-suppl02-en.pdf">Supplementary Table 2</inline-supplementary-material>).</p>
        <p>Mortality rates were evaluated in the group of full retirements due to severe heart disease (n = 53) according to the presence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) at the time of retirement and for the variables of gender, age, and retirement time. There were 22 deaths, and 10 deceased employees had IHD at retirement, showing a lower mortality rate and higher mean survival, but this difference was not statistically significant. In relation to gender, a higher mortality rate and lower mean survival were observed in males (n = 17), as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 2</xref>. There was no significant difference in mortality rates when age and retirement time were analyzed, as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t8">Table 3</xref>.</p>
        <fig id="f7">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Survival curves of the cohort of former UFRJ employees retired due to severe heart disease from 2003 to 2017 according to gender (2A) and presence of ischemic heart disease at the time of retirement (2B).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240068-40068-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        <table-wrap id="t8">
          <label>Table 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Mortality rates of the cohort of former UFRJ employees retired due to severe heart disease (n = 53) from 2003 to 2017 according to the presence of ischemic heart disease, age at retirement, gender and retirement period</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="14%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
                <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">Ischemic heart disease, age at retirement, gender and retirement period</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Deaths<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN20">*</xref> </th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Person-years</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" valign="middle">Rate (95% CI) per 100 person-years</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Mean Survival (years)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">p-value of the log-rank test</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                  <bold>Ischemic heart disease</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">No</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">240.8</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>5.0</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(2.7 - 8.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12.4</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0.480</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Yes</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">276.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>3.6</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(1.8 - 6.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">13.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">Age at retirement</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">30 to 59 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">17</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">386.3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>4.4</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(2.6 - 6.9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12.4</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.948</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">60 to 64 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">85.5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>3.5</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(0.9 - 9.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">13.5</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">65 to 70 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">45.8</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>4.4</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(0.7 - 14.4)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10.2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                  <bold>Gender</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Male</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">17</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">281.8</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>6.0</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(3.6 - 9.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">11.5</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0.055</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Female</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">235.8</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>2.1</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(0.8 - 4.7)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">14.7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" colspan="8" valign="top">
                  <bold>Retirement period</bold>
                  <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN21">&#8224;</xref>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Until August 2006</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">169.2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>5.9</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(3.0 - 10.5)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10.6</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0.112</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">From September 2006</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">12</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">348.4</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>3.4</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(1.9 - 5.8)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">11.8</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>TOTAL</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>22</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>517.6</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>4.3</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>(2.7 - 6.3)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>13.2</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN19">
              <p>CI: Confidence interval.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN20">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Information updated until July 2022.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN21">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>In accordance with the II Brazilian Guideline on Severe Cardiopathy. Brasileira de Cardiopatia Grave.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>The analysis of mortality rates was also conducted among the 22 deaths in the group of full retirements due to severe heart disease according to the presence of IHD at the time of death, as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t9">Table 4</xref>. There were 9 deaths due to IHD, with a lower mortality rate and higher mean survival, but without statistical significance, as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 3</xref>. Regarding the data observed in the previous table, two former employees who had IHD at the time of retirement died from non-cardiological causes, one due to an infectious disorder and the other due to neoplasia. Conversely, one former employee retired due to severe heart disease of non-ischemic etiology died from acute myocardial infarction, indicating the presence of IHD at the time of death and justifying the results.</p>
        <table-wrap id="t9">
          <label>Table 4</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Mortality rates of the cohort of former UFRJ employees deceased due to severe heart disease (n = 22) from 2003 to 2017 according to death from ischemic heart disease</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="14%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
                <th align="left" colspan="2" valign="middle">Death from ischemic heart disease</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Deaths<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN23">*</xref> </th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Person-years</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" valign="middle">Rate (95% CI) per 100 person-years</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Mean Survival (years)</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">p-value of the log-rank test</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>No (n=13)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">13</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">56.8</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">22.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(12.7 - 38.2)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">4.4</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0.631</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">
                  <bold>Yes (n=9)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">46.2</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">19.5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">(9.5 - 35.9)</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">5.1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>TOTAL (n=22)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>22</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>103.0</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>21.4</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>(13.7 - 31.8)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>4.7</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN22">
              <p>CI: confidence interval.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN23">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Information updated until July 2022.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <fig id="f8">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Survival curves of the cohort of former UFRJ employees retired due to severe heart disease (n = 22) from 2003 to 2017 according to death from ischemic disease.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20240068-40068-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Finally, concordant diagnoses at the time of retirement and death were found in over 70% of the retirements among professors; most medium or elementary level staff did not die from the same disease from which they retired. There were concordant diagnoses in 72.7% of the employees that retired due to severe heart disease. Concordance was not affected by age, sex, and time of retirement (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t10">Table 5</xref>).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t10">
          <label>Table 5</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Former UFRJ employees retired due to disability from 2003 to 2017 and deceased<xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN25">*</xref>, with concordant diagnoses for retirement and death, according to position, age at retirement, gender, retirement profile and retirement period</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="12%">
              <col width="1%"/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
                <th align="left" colspan="2" rowspan="3" valign="middle">Position, age, gender, retirement profile and retirement period</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" rowspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Total</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="4" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Concordant diagnoses for retirement and death?</th>
                <th align="center" rowspan="3" valign="middle">p-value from the &#967;<sup>2</sup> test</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">No</th>
                <th align="center" colspan="2" style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000" valign="middle">Yes</th>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#78B2CB">
                <th align="center" valign="middle">N</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">N</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">n</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">%</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                  <bold>Position</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Professor</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">27</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">25.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">20</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">74.1</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0,026</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Upper-level admin tech staff</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">23</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">30.4</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">16</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">69.6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Mid/elementary-level admin tech staff</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">60</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">50.4</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">59</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">49.6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                  <bold>Age at retirement</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">30 to 59 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">119</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">52</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">43.7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">67</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">56.3</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.596</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">60 to 64 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">29</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">11</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">37.9</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">18</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">62.1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">65 to 70 years</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">21</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">11</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">52.4</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">10</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">47.6</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                  <bold>Gender</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Male</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">89</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">43</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">48.3</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">46</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">51.7</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">0.211</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Female</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">80</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">31</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">38.8</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">49</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">61.3</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                  <bold>Type of retirement</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Full due to severe heart disease</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">22</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">45.5</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">16</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">72.7</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3" valign="top">&lt; 0.001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Full due to other disease</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">110</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">33</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">30.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">77</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">70.0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Proportional</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">37</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">31</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">83.8</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">6</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">16.2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" colspan="9" valign="top">
                  <bold>Retirement period</bold>
                  <xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="TFN26">&#8224;</xref>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">Until August 2006</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">58</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">30</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">51.7</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">28</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">48.3</td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="2" valign="top">0.133</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="top"/>
                <td align="left" valign="top">From September 2006</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">111</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">100.0</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">44</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">39.6</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">67</td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">60.4</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C5DDEA">
                <td align="left" colspan="2" valign="top">
                  <bold>TOTAL</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>169</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>100.0</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>74</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>43.8</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>95</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top">
                  <bold>56.2</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" valign="top"/>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN24">
              <p>Admin tech: administrative technicaxl.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN25">
              <label>*</label>
              <p>Information updated until July 2022.</p>
            </fn>
            <fn id="TFN26">
              <label>&#8224;</label>
              <p>In accordance with the II Brazilian Guideline on Severe Cardiopathy.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>This retrospective cohort study investigated the survival and mortality of employees retired due to disability at UFRJ from 2003 to 2017, focusing on the influence of severe heart disease. Proper definition of severe heart disease by SBC proved valuable for analyzing cardiovascular conditions in the context of disability retirement and mortality. Few brazilian studies have examined mortality among retired employees. Those that have typically evaluated employees under the General Social Security System, whereas here we studied employees retired under another specific work legislation, the Single Legal Regime (RJU).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> Additionally, other international studies have analyzed mortality among retirees due to disability. However, such comparisons are challenging due to differences in the laws governing retirement systems, definitions of disability, and the characteristics of studied populations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Moreover, the original contribution of this study was to analyze the relationship between the illness that led to retirement and the illness that cause the employee's death among deceased employees. This analysis was based on data from each employee's death certificate, ensuring the accuracy of the information and, consequently, the results.</p>
        <p>Although not the main objective of this study, it is noteworthy that most of the 630 retirees analyzed, regardless of retirement type, were in the early age range (30 to 59 years). These findings are consistent with other studies, reinforcing that NCDs contribute to early workforce withdrawal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> In this study, disability was also more frequent among females, a finding reported in a study at the State University of Londrina in 2016,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> as well as in other national and international studies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> This discrepancy is presumed to arise from women's engagement in both professional work and domestic tasks, increasing their workload and associated health problems.</p>
        <p>Men had higher mortality rates and a higher probability of death compared to women, with a lower average survival after retirement. This observation may suggest that men retire in poorer health conditions than women.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> However, generalizations based on gender can oversimplify behaviors and attitudes, potentially overlooking individual diversity. Furthermore, these characteristics can be influenced by various cultural, social, economic, and educational factors. Therefore, it is crucial to approach such statements cautiously and acknowledge the complexity of the variables involved.</p>
        <p>This study found higher mortality rates and shorter survival among professors and those aged 65 to 70 years. Professors are granted the right to dedicate two-thirds of their workload to classroom teaching and the remaining third to scientific production, along with 45 days of vacation per year, unlike other employees. Throughout their careers, this prerogative may result in less physical and mental strain for professors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref></sup> Thus, they may have a longer active functional life and retire only when affected by more severe illnesses, with a higher probability of death after retirement. Higher mortality at older ages was expected and observed in this study.</p>
        <p>The proportion of deaths and mortality rates were higher in the group of full retirements, whether with or without severe cardiovascular disease, compared to the group of proportional retirements. Among the disease groups in full retirements, the neoplasms group had the highest mortality rate, followed by severe heart disease. These findings align with the literature, where cardiovascular diseases remain the leading cause of mortality in both developed and developing countries, showing a trend of reduced incidence and mortality. Meanwhile, neoplasms are increasing globally as a cause of death and already rank as the second leading cause in most countries. In developed countries with aging populations, neoplasms are projected to surpass cardiovascular diseases soon.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In addition to the analyses discussed earlier, it is worth highlighting the findings related to IHD in the context of retirements due to severe heart disease. Among employees retired for this condition, the presence of IHD at the time of retirement emerged as a factor associated with lower mortality rates and higher average survival. This underscores the importance of early detection of IHD in retirement scenarios, potentially positively impacting post-retirement outcomes. When considering the presence of IHD at the time of death, it was observed that deceased employees with this condition had lower mortality rates and higher average survival, although not statistically significant.</p>
        <p>Apart from the costs to governments, there are also personal costs for individuals who retire due to IHD. The reduction in income resulting from retirement due to IHD likely decreases individuals&#8217; standard of living and may increase the risk of inadequate retirement savings. A study conducted in Australia reported that workers who retired early due to IHD had significantly less personal wealth and lower savings compared to those who continued working until retirement.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> These findings prompt reflection on the necessity of revising current retirement regulations for severe heart disease due to IHD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Additionally, gender-specific analysis revealed that men had higher mortality rates and lower average survival, indicating gender disparities in risk within the group of retirements due to severe heart disease. These results underscore the complex interactions between heart disease, retirement, and mortality, enhancing understanding of the factors influencing the post-retirement outcomes of these employees.</p>
        <p>Finally, in analyzing concordant diagnoses between the illness that led to retirement and the cause of death, in the professor category, there was concordance in more than 70% of cases. This can be explained by the fact that professors retire due to more severe illnesses, thus having a higher probability of death from the same illness. Concordance in the full retirements group also occurred in more than 70% of cases, especially in the group retired due to severe heart disease, indicating greater severity for the illnesses leading to this type of retirement. In contrast, a study in Sweden compared the mortality of 1683 retirees with the non-retired population over 18 years. While a higher mortality rate was found among retirees due to disability, this difference could not be solely attributed to the underlying illness that led to retirement. There was no clear association between the disability-causing diagnosis and the cause of death, suggesting that the underlying illness may not be directly influence the unfavorable outcome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The absence of a control group consisting of employees who voluntarily retired based on years of service was a limitation of this study for comparing certain variables. Furthermore, the scarcity of similar studies with work contracts governed by the RJU, while contributing to the originality of this study, also limits potential result comparisons.</p>
        <p>This study aims to propose hypotheses regarding disability retirements at an early productive age. Its conclusions, though based on data from the largest Federal University in Brazil, can contribute to the development of new studies on the topic. Given recent legislative changes, it is crucial to focus future research on understand the implications of these changes for the living conditions of employees retired due to disability.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>This study provided a clearer understanding of the mortality and survival patterns of employees retired due to disability at UFRJ. The impact of severe heart disease was highlighted, influencing the proportions of deaths and mortality rates, especially in full retirements due to this condition. The significant presence of concordant diagnoses between the cause of retirement and the cause of death emphasizes the vulnerability associated with severe heart disease. The risk of death was higher in full retirements due to severe heart disease. Conversely, survival was longer in proportional retirements and in earlier age ranges, underscoring the importance of periodic post-retirement evaluations to reassess the retirement when the initial disability becomes insubstantial (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Central Illustration</xref>).</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn4">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Cesar Romaro Pozzobon, from Pograma de Pos-gradu&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia da Faculdade de Medicina da UFRJ.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Universidade de Vassouras under the protocol number 4.350.685/2020. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app2">
          <title>*Supplemental Materials</title>
          <p>For additional information, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12109/2024-0068_AO_Supplementary_Material.pdf">click here</ext-link>.</p>
        </app>
      </app-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
