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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">xbnJyDnFDVtZz5n3dMCPh8N</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000900301</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00301</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230768</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Preditores de Readmiss&#227;o Hospitalar at&#233; 30 Dias de CRM em Banco de Dados Multic&#234;ntrico: Estudo de Coorte Transversal</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Rene Augusto Gon&#231;alves e</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9243-7407</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Borgomoni</surname>
            <given-names>Gabrielle Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3600-0200</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>de Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Fabiane Let&#237;cia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6506-7589</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Maia</surname>
            <given-names>Adnaldo da Silveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1471-199X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Farias do Vale</surname>
            <given-names>Cle&#243;stones</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Eva da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silvestre</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardy Guilherme Ibrahim</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dallan</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s Roberto Palma</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2137-0604</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lisboa</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Augusto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dallan</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s Alberto Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6175-5595</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jatene</surname>
            <given-names>Fabio Biscegli</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1635-4984</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mejia</surname>
            <given-names>Omar Asdr&#250;bal Vilca</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <collab>grupo de estudos REPLICCAR</collab>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Jo&#227;o XXIII</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Santar&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Jo&#227;o XXIII, Santar&#233;m, PA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Gabrielle Barbosa Borgomoni</bold> &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. CEP 05403-000, Cerqueira C&#233;sar, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>gabriellebarbosa@usp.br</email> e <email>gabrielle.barbosa@hc.fm.usp.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o: Alexandre Colafranceschi</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230768</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento:</title>
          <p>A an&#225;lise de indicadores como taxa de readmiss&#227;o hospitalar &#233; crucial para aprimorar a qualidade dos servi&#231;os e gest&#227;o em processos hospitalares.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo:</title>
          <p>Identificar as vari&#225;veis correlacionadas a readmiss&#227;o hospitalar at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CRM).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos:</title>
          <p>Estudo de coorte transversal no banco de dados Registro Paulista de Cirurgia Cardiovascular II (REPLICCAR II)(N=3.392), de junho de 2017 a junho de 2019. Avaliaram-se retrospectivamente 150 pacientes para identificar os fatores correlacionados a readmiss&#227;o hospitalar at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s-CRM via regress&#227;o log&#237;stica univariada e multivariada. As an&#225;lises foram realizadas no software R, com signific&#226;ncia de 0,05 e intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados:</title>
          <p>Cento e cinquenta pacientes foram readmitidos at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar de CRM (150/3.392, 4,42%) principalmente por infec&#231;&#245;es (mediastinite, ferida operat&#243;ria e sepse) totalizando 52 casos (52/150, 34,66%), outras causas foram: complica&#231;&#245;es cir&#250;rgicas (14/150, 9,33%) e pneumonia (13/150, 8,66%). Os preditores de readmiss&#227;o identificados foram: O modelo de regress&#227;o multivariada apontou intercepto (OR: 1,098, p&lt;0,00001), apneia do sono (OR: 1,117, p=0,0165), arritmia card&#237;aca (OR: 1,040, p=0,0712) e uso de bal&#227;o intra-a&#243;rtico (OR: 1,068, p=0,0021) como preditores do desfecho, com uma AUC de 0,70.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o:</title>
          <p>4,42% dos pacientes foram readmitidos p&#243;s-CRM, principalmente por infec&#231;&#245;es. Fatores como apneia do sono (OR: 1,117, p=0,0165), arritmia card&#237;aca (OR: 1,040, p=0,0712) e uso de bal&#227;o intra-a&#243;rtico (OR: 1,068, p=0,0021) foram preditores de readmiss&#227;o, com uma discrimina&#231;&#227;o de risco moderada (AUC: 0,70).</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Hospitais</kwd>
        <kwd>Readmiss&#227;o do Paciente</kwd>
        <kwd>Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="8"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <ref-count count="23"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <fig id="f1">
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20230768-30768-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o do desempenho do sistema e dos processos hospitalares por meio de indicadores ajudam a gerenciar o hospital, contemplando n&#227;o apenas a an&#225;lise estrutural da institui&#231;&#227;o, mas tamb&#233;m os processos e os resultados obtidos com o decorrer do tempo, e conforme as interven&#231;&#245;es de qualidade cont&#237;nua s&#227;o aplicadas no servi&#231;o de sa&#250;de.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Inicialmente, tais indicadores eram focados na mortalidade e complica&#231;&#245;es dos pacientes, entretanto, com os avan&#231;os dos conhecimentos do mundo moderno, vari&#225;veis como a readmiss&#227;o hospitalar passaram a ser inclu&#237;das e avaliadas pelos gestores hospitalares.</p>
      <p>A taxa de readmiss&#227;o hospitalar, atualmente tem tido um importante papel no setor de qualidade dos hospitais, por se tratar de um indicador de desempenho no sistema de assist&#234;ncia, transparecendo a "an&#225;lise de vida real" relacionada &#224; qualidade do sistema, permitindo o monitoramento dos processos que culminam na reinterna&#231;&#227;o do paciente e a defini&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias proativas para melhoria de resultados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A necessidade de retorno hospitalar pelo paciente rec&#233;m-operado posterga a sua volta &#224;s atividades cotidianas, acarretando dificuldades no que tange &#224; preserva&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de e bem-estar geral do enfermo do ponto de vista psicol&#243;gico e f&#237;sico, expondo-o novamente<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> ao ambiente hospitalar, potencialmente contaminado, aumentando a probabilidade de desfechos negativos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> sobretudo na nova era COVID-19,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> al&#233;m de representar impacto financeiro para o hospital.</p>
      <p>A vista disto, levando em considera&#231;&#227;o que as readmiss&#245;es s&#227;o relativamente comuns ap&#243;s cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica (CRM), apresentando dados heterog&#234;neos que oscilam entre 8,3 e 21,1%,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> mesmo com varia&#231;&#227;o entre institui&#231;&#245;es, &#233; importante identificar as raz&#245;es da ocorr&#234;ncia deste evento, de forma de realizar a&#231;&#245;es proativas para redu&#231;&#227;o destas taxas no futuro pr&#243;ximo, proporcionando melhor qualidade de atendimento e assist&#234;ncia ao paciente submetido a CRM e maior disponibilidade de leitos para novos pacientes, consequentemente aumentando a promo&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de para a popula&#231;&#227;o. Vale ressaltar que estudos abordando esta tem&#225;tica ainda s&#227;o raros e dispersos na bibliografia brasileira, apontando significativa variedade de defini&#231;&#245;es e uma lacuna no conhecimento cient&#237;fico da comunidade m&#233;dica.</p>
      <p>O objetivo deste estudo &#233; identificar os fatores que pr&#233;-disp&#245;em pacientes submetidos a CRM a readmiss&#227;o hospitalar em at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte transversal, sob &#243;tica de uma an&#225;lise retrospectiva do banco de dados multic&#234;ntrico do estado de S&#227;o Paulo: Registro Paulista de Cirurgia Cardiovascular II (REPLICCAR II).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Design do estudo</title>
        <p>Estudo transversal do Registro Paulista de Cirurgia Cardiovascular II (REPLICCAR II),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> no qual a coleta de dados foi feita de forma prospectiva, observacional e multic&#234;ntrica de pacientes submetidos a CRM prim&#225;ria e isolada entre julho de 2017 e junho de 2019 em hospitais de refer&#234;ncia no estado de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
        <p>Os autores seguiram os crit&#233;rios estabelecidos pelo <italic>Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology</italic> (STROBE).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Para esta an&#225;lise, foram avaliados os pacientes que necessitaram ser reinternados em suas institui&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s alta hospitalar de CRM, bem como os fatores que predispuseram a readmiss&#227;o hospitalar ap&#243;s cirurgias de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica.</p>
        <p>O fluxograma de metodologias abordadas est&#225; disposto na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">figura 1</xref>, enquanto isso, a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes avaliados &#233; representada no arquivo suplementar 1, comparando o perfil e a evolu&#231;&#227;o da popula&#231;&#227;o que foi readmitida na institui&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de e a popula&#231;&#227;o que n&#227;o precisou da reinterna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar.</p>
        <fig id="f2">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Fluxograma da pesquisa. Fonte: autoria pr&#243;pria.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20230768-30768-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Dados utilizados</title>
        <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos todos os pacientes submetidos a CRM, no per&#237;odo de recrutamento, com idade superior a 18 anos e com indica&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica isolada e prim&#225;ria (N=4.049). Todos os dados obtidos foram inseridos na plataforma <italic>REDCap</italic>, em uma &#225;rea dedicada ao projeto REPLICCAR II, por profissionais de sa&#250;de treinados para desempenhar esta tarefa. Todas as defini&#231;&#245;es das vari&#225;veis seguiram os crit&#233;rios e defini&#231;&#245;es estipulados pela vers&#227;o 2.9 da STS <italic>Adult Cardiac Surgery Database.</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Auditorias de qualidade foram realizadas periodicamente com o intuito de verificar a exatid&#227;o, integridade e consist&#234;ncia dos dados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
        <p>A vari&#225;vel morbidade foi um desfecho composto que incluiu os desfechos: acidente vascular cerebral, falha renal aguda, intuba&#231;&#227;o prolongada, infe&#231;&#227;o profunda da ferida tor&#225;cica e reopera&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Crit&#233;rio de exclus&#227;o desta presente an&#225;lise: mortalidade operat&#243;ria (definida como a morte ocorrida ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar, mas antes do trig&#233;simo dia de p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio, assim como os &#243;bitos ocorridos durante a interna&#231;&#227;o em que a opera&#231;&#227;o foi realizada, mesmo que ap&#243;s 30 dias depois do procedimento [N=133]) e dados ausentes (<italic>missing</italic>) na vari&#225;vel "readmiss&#227;o&#8217; ou status de vida at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar (N=524).</p>
        <p>Para este estudo, foi realizada coorte entre os pacientes que necessitaram readmiss&#227;o na institui&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de na qual foi submetido a CRM (N=150), e a partir de seus dados, as an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas de regress&#227;o foram realizadas para identifica&#231;&#227;o das causas relacionadas &#224; readmiss&#227;o e os fatores associados ao evento. Os dados relacionados aos 3.242 pacientes que receberam alta sem readmiss&#227;o nos 30 dias e permaneceram vivos at&#233; o final do acompanhamento foram comparados com o grupo readmitido.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>&#201;tica e consentimento</title>
        <p>Esta &#233; uma suban&#225;lise do projeto REPLICCAR II, aprovado pela Comiss&#227;o de &#201;tica para An&#225;lises de Projetos de Pesquisa (CAPPesq) do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo com o n&#250;mero 1.575, sob o n&#250;mero de registro SDC: 4506/17/006. O consentimento livre e esclarecido foi dispensado devido &#224; metodologia do desenho de pesquisa aplicado ao projeto.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Na an&#225;lise descritiva, as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas foram expressas em m&#233;dia &#177; desvio-padr&#227;o ou mediana e intervalo interquartil, conforme normalidade dos dados, em termos de medidas de resumo (m&#233;dia, mediana, desvio padr&#227;o e quartis), enquanto as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram expressas em termos de porcentagens. Como as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas n&#227;o seguem distribui&#231;&#227;o normal (teste de Anderson-Darling), para a compara&#231;&#227;o de dois grupos foram utilizados os testes n&#227;o param&#233;tricos de Mann-Whitney e Brunner-Munzel, respectivamente, para as vari&#225;veis homog&#234;neas e heterog&#234;neas (teste de Bartlett). Para as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas, foi utilizado o teste Exato de Fisher ou o teste Qui-Quadrado.</p>
        <p>Para encontrar associa&#231;&#245;es entre as vari&#225;veis explicativas e desfecho bin&#225;rio foi utilizado o modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica. Para a constru&#231;&#227;o de um modelo m&#250;ltiplo mais parcimonioso (menos vari&#225;veis), foi utilizado o algoritmo de stepwise backward para selecionar as vari&#225;veis que melhor explicam o desfecho. Foi utilizado a AUC (Area Under Curve) por meio da Curva ROC para avaliar a acur&#225;cia do modelo.</p>
        <p>Todas as an&#225;lises foram realizadas com o software R vers&#227;o 4.2.0. O n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia adotado nos testes foi de 0,05. Foram consideradas hip&#243;teses bicaudais. Al&#233;m disso, os intervalos de confian&#231;a constru&#237;dos s&#227;o de 95%.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Foi feita uma coorte transversal no banco de dados REPLICCAR II, originando 2 grupos: 1) Grupo de pacientes que foram readmitidos at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar (N=150, 4,42% da amostra total desta an&#225;lise) e 2) pacientes que receberam alta e n&#227;o necessitaram retornar ao hospital (N=3.242).</p>
      <p>Na tabela suplementar 1 foram representadas as vari&#225;veis descritivas entre os 2 grupos analisados. Observamos que o grupo de pacientes que necessitou readmiss&#227;o at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar apresentava maior quantidade de pacientes do sexo feminino (p&lt;0,001), tendencia &#224; anemia no per&#237;odo pr&#233;, intra e p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio (p&lt;0,001, p&lt;0,001 e p=0,001), hemoglobina glicosilada mais elevada (p=0,013) e necessidade de transfus&#227;o sangu&#237;nea intraoperat&#243;ria (p&lt;0,001).</p>
      <p>Identificamos que dentre as raz&#245;es que levaram os pacientes a retornar &#224;s institui&#231;&#245;es pertencentes ao estudo, os quadros infecciosos (mediastinite, ferida operat&#243;ria e sepse) foram as mais expressivas (n=34,66%), como &#233; representado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 2</xref> a seguir.</p>
      <fig id="f3">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Causas de readmiss&#227;o. Fonte: autoria pr&#243;pria.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20230768-30768-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      <p>A an&#225;lise de regress&#227;o foi feita a partir da vari&#225;vel de desfecho "readmiss&#227;o hospitalar" no banco de dados REPLICCAR II. Com base nas vari&#225;veis significativas da regress&#227;o univariada (arquivo suplementar 2), o modelo multivariado foi constru&#237;do (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">tabela 1</xref>). No modelo da regress&#227;o multivariada foram identificadas vari&#225;veis com impacto significativo sobre o desfecho em estudo. O intercepto mostrou-se significativo com um Odds Ratio (OR) de 1.098 (IC 95%: 1.065 - 1.131, p&lt;0,00001), indicando um fator base para o desfecho quando todas as outras vari&#225;veis s&#227;o mantidas constantes. A apneia do sono esteve associada a um aumento de 11.7% na chance do desfecho (OR: 1.117, IC 95%: 1.020 - 1.222, p=0,0165). Arritmia card&#237;aca apresentou um OR de 1.040 (IC 95%: 0.997 - 1.085, p=0,0712), embora essa associa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o tenha alcan&#231;ado signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica no n&#237;vel de 0,05. A vari&#225;vel num&#233;rica do banco de dados em an&#225;lise "hemat&#243;crito intraoperat&#243;rio mais baixo registrado durante o per&#237;odo intraoperat&#243;rio" foi associado a uma ligeira diminui&#231;&#227;o no risco do desfecho (OR: 0,994, IC 95%: 0,991 &#8211; 0,997, p=0,0004). O uso de bal&#227;o intra-a&#243;rtico foi associado a um aumento de 6.8% na chance do desfecho (OR: 1.068, IC 95%: 1,024 &#8211; 1,113, p=0,0021).</p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Regress&#227;o multivariada</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup width="16%">
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
              <th align="left" valign="middle">Vari&#225;vel Explicativa</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Coeficiente</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Erro Padr&#227;o Coeficiente</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">OR</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">IC 95%</th>
              <th align="center" valign="middle">Valor de p</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Intercepto</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,093</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,015</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,098</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,065-1,131</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">&lt;0,00001</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Arritmia Card&#237;aca</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,039</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,022</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,040</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,997-1,085</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,071212</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Apneia do sono</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,110</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,0046</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,117</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,021-1,222</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,016523</td>
            </tr>
            <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Hemoglobina intraoperat&#243;ria mais baixa registrada no per&#237;odo intraoperat&#243;rio</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">-0,006</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,002</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,994</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,991-0,997</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,000399</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td align="left" valign="middle">Necessidade de Bal&#227;o intra-a&#243;rtico</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,066</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,021</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,068</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">1,024-1,113</td>
              <td align="center" valign="middle">0,002103</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; Fonte: autoria pr&#243;pria.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
      <p>Para testar a performance do modelo para predizer readmiss&#245;es, foi utilizado o teste stepwise forward-backward. A curva ROC teve uma &#225;rea sob a curva (AUC) de 0,70, indicando uma capacidade de discrimina&#231;&#227;o moderada do modelo (IC 95%: 0,63 &#8211; 0,77). Esta AUC sugere que o modelo tem uma probabilidade de 70% de discriminar corretamente entre os desfechos positivo e negativo (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
      <fig id="f4">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Curva ROC. Fonte: autoria pr&#243;pria.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20230768-30768-gf04.tif"/></fig>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Nesta presente an&#225;lise, foi observado que na coorte do banco de dados REPLICCAR II (N=3.392) houve 150 readmiss&#245;es (4,42%). O que chama a aten&#231;&#227;o &#233; que esta taxa &#233; significativamente menor do que &#233; observado na literatura cient&#237;fica atual, onde as taxas de readmiss&#227;o variam entre 8,3 e 21,1%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Acreditamos que o fator explicativo deste fato, seja que o REPLICCAR II teve como premissa a melhoria de qualidade nos servi&#231;os de sa&#250;de associados ao banco, o que trouxe avan&#231;os positivos em diversos indicadores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em 2012 Li et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> avaliaram 11.823 altas hospitalares ap&#243;s CRM na Calif&#243;rnia e identificaram uma taxa de 13,2% de readmiss&#245;es at&#233; 30 dias, correlacionando os seguintes fatores de risco: idade, g&#234;nero, renda familiar e c&#243;digo postal compat&#237;vel a regi&#245;es mais vulner&#225;veis. Com rela&#231;&#227;o os fatores de risco pr&#233;-operat&#243;rios e intraoperat&#243;rios relacionados a readmiss&#227;o, nosso estudo apontou a apneia do sono (OR: 1,117, IC 95%: 1,020 &#8211; 1,222, p=0,0165), arritmia card&#237;aca (OR: 1,040, IC 95%: 0,997 &#8211; 1,085, p=0,0712), uso de bal&#227;o intra-a&#243;rtico (OR: 1,068, IC 95%: 1,024 &#8211; 1,113, p=0,0021), enquanto isso, a metan&#225;lise mais recente sobre a tem&#225;tica<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> mostra correla&#231;&#227;o entre o desfecho e vari&#225;veis como sexo feminino, ra&#231;a n&#227;o caucasiana e assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de pela rede p&#250;blica (<italic>medicare</italic> e <italic>medicaid</italic>), diabetes, hipertens&#227;o, infarto pr&#233;vio do mioc&#225;rdio, fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, acidente vascular encef&#225;lico, doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica, disfun&#231;&#227;o renal, pulmonar, hep&#225;tica, imunossupress&#227;o e obesidade.</p>
      <p>Independentemente da diferen&#231;a entre os resultados brasileiros e estrangeiros neste quesito, &#233; importante ressaltar que a maioria das vari&#225;veis s&#227;o caracter&#237;sticas n&#227;o modific&#225;veis do paciente, desta forma, o corpo cl&#237;nico hospitalar deve lan&#231;ar m&#227;o do adequado planejamento de processos e condutas para a interna&#231;&#227;o e presta&#231;&#227;o de cuidados a cada paciente, utilizando scores de risco, engajando o paciente e seus familiares sobre seus cuidados p&#243;s-cir&#250;rgicos e realizando follow-up para investiga&#231;&#227;o dos cuidados adequados e evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica do doente.</p>
      <p>O desenvolvimento de quadros infecciosos foram as raz&#245;es mais expressivas de readmiss&#227;o hospitalar, o que levanta a suspeita de que os tratamentos intra-hospitalares possam estar sendo insuficientes no que tange ao tratamento da infec&#231;&#227;o<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> ou que os pacientes n&#227;o estejam sendo orientados adequadamente com rela&#231;&#227;o aos cuidados p&#243;s-operat&#243;rios. A relev&#226;ncia da infec&#231;&#227;o relacionada &#224; readmiss&#227;o hospitalar apresentada neste estudo vai de encontro com a literatura cient&#237;fica atual,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> enquadrando este achado em uma falha de coordena&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar.</p>
      <p>Nesta an&#225;lise, observou-se que cada unidade adicional de hemoglobina intraoperat&#243;ria (vari&#225;vel cont&#237;nua do banco de dados) est&#225; associada a uma redu&#231;&#227;o da probabilidade de readmiss&#227;o hospitalar (OR 0,994, p= 0.000399). Ao mesmo passo que Trooboff et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> mostraram que o hemat&#243;crito &lt;36% est&#227;o significativamente relacionado com o desfecho de readmiss&#227;o (p=0.017).</p>
      <p>Em nosso estudo, n&#227;o foi avaliado o estado cl&#237;nico dos pacientes al&#233;m dos 30 dias de seguimento, entretanto, em 2021, Bianco et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> avaliaram os impactos a longo prazo da readmiss&#227;o ap&#243;s a da cirurgia (n=14.538) e apontaram que a reinterna&#231;&#227;o esteve significativamente associada &#224; mortalidade tanto a curto (6 meses) quanto a longo seguimento (60 meses) al&#233;m de ser um preditor independente para novas readmiss&#245;es. Com rela&#231;&#227;o a mortalidade neste presente estudo, o grupo de readmitidos apresentou 2 casos de &#243;bitos durante a segunda interna&#231;&#227;o (2/150, 1,33%), entretanto, sem correla&#231;&#227;o com o desfecho de readmiss&#227;o pela an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica. Por outro lado, os n&#227;o readmitidos n&#227;o apresentaram &#243;bitos na an&#225;lise devido aos crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o deste estudo.</p>
      <p>No mundo atual, onde a assist&#234;ncia baseada em valor e a qualidade dos processos &#233; cada vez mais valorizada,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> a <italic>Affordable Care Act</italic> (ACA)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> estabeleceu um programa de redu&#231;&#227;o de readmiss&#245;es hospitalares, visando reduzir pagamentos para centros de sa&#250;de com taxa de reinterna&#231;&#227;o elevadas. A partir da mudan&#231;a de paradigmas foi observado que as taxas de readmiss&#227;o foram reduzidas, mostrando que este perfil de programa al&#233;m de impactar no aumento da qualidade do servi&#231;o prestado aos pacientes, reduziu custos hospitalares.</p>
      <p>O pagamento por desempenho vem ganhando cada vez mais destaque no mundo, o sistema baseia-se em ressarcir hospitais de acordo n&#227;o apenas do seu volume cir&#250;rgico, mas tamb&#233;m avaliar aos resultados do hospital como complica&#231;&#245;es, &#243;bitos e taxa de readmiss&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> Neste contexto, o Brasil, no primeiro semestre de 2022, lan&#231;ou a portaria do QualiSus Cardio<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> pelo Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de, se comprometendo a pagar at&#233; 45% a mais aos hospitais que tenham bom volume cir&#250;rgico e bons resultados. Dentro deste cen&#225;rio ter bons resultados passa a ser uma busca significativa pelas institui&#231;&#245;es que realizam cirurgias cardiovasculares. An&#225;lises como a avalia&#231;&#227;o da taxa de readmiss&#227;o e os fatores que se associam ao desfecho tornam-se relevantes para a melhoria progressiva de performance pelas equipes de sa&#250;de, permitindo a otimiza&#231;&#227;o de processos futuros.</p>
      <p>No que tange a linhas de processos modernos que lan&#231;am olhar sobre a melhoria nos atendimentos, os protocolos de r&#225;pida recupera&#231;&#227;o v&#234;m progressivamente mostrando resultados positivos e promissores e apresentam potencial para reduzir ainda mais as taxas de readmiss&#227;o nos centros de sa&#250;de. Em 2021, Chudgar et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> avaliaram o uso de um protocolo de desospitaliza&#231;&#227;o, que abordava o engajamento do paciente com rela&#231;&#227;o aos cuidados com sua sa&#250;de e a interven&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica a qual seria submetido, cuidados e gest&#227;o da doen&#231;a de base e seguimento rigoroso ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar e conclu&#237;ram que a linha de cuidados teve impacto significativo na redu&#231;&#227;o de readmiss&#245;es (14.1% versus 6.8%), gerando valor aos cuidados oferecidos aos pacientes.</p>
      <p>A implementa&#231;&#227;o deste tipo de linha de cuidados pode beneficiar o hospital de forma ampla,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> e tem potencial significativo para tal. A identifica&#231;&#227;o das causas mais frequentes de readmiss&#245;es hospitalares aponta que a resposta para a melhoria de resultados pode estar na melhoria da qualidade do atendimento institucional, beneficiando a sa&#250;de do paciente e deixando de trazer impacto negativo nos sistemas hospitalares pela utiliza&#231;&#227;o de recursos e material profissional para tais cuidados, al&#233;m da quest&#227;o or&#231;ament&#225;ria para o hospital.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
        <p>Por se tratar de um estudo de coorte transversal no banco de dados multic&#234;ntrico REPLICCAR II, o desempenho de cada centro de sa&#250;de inclu&#237;do na an&#225;lise pode ter afetado a an&#225;lise, devido a heterogeneidade de anos de experi&#234;ncia dos cirurgi&#245;es, do cardiologista cl&#237;nico, materiais e outros. Os dados de acompanhamento sobre os casos de readmiss&#227;o n&#227;o estavam dispon&#237;veis al&#233;m do exposto no presente artigo. N&#227;o fez parte do escopo do projeto atual, mas, &#233; necess&#225;rio avaliar como est&#227;o atualmente os pacientes que necessitaram readmiss&#227;o ap&#243;s a alta de CRM, no que tange a qualidade de vida, estado cl&#237;nico e evolu&#231;&#227;o. Em uma pr&#243;xima an&#225;lise estes questionamentos devem ser levantados para a melhor compreens&#227;o do impacto da readmiss&#227;o hospitalar para esta popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>Nesta an&#225;lise de coorte transversal do banco de dados REPLICCAR II, 4,42% dos pacientes submetidos a CRM foram readmitidos at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar (N=150/3.392). O modelo m&#250;ltiplo criado atrav&#233;s das vari&#225;veis correlacionadas ao desfecho, se mostrou satisfat&#243;rio para predizer readmiss&#227;o hospitalar at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s a alta de cirurgia de CRM, evidenciada pela AUC de 0.70 da curva ROC, entretanto mais estudos devem ser conduzidos com o prop&#243;sito de melhorar ainda mais a precis&#227;o preditiva do modelo.</p>
      <p>Avan&#231;os em programas de qualidade e protocolos para cirurgias card&#237;acas enfatizam a necessidade de melhorar continuamente os resultados, visando reduzir as taxas de readmiss&#227;o no estado de S&#227;o Paulo, que embora inferiores &#224;s internacionais, t&#234;m grande potencial de aprimoramento.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</label>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 1.575, SDC:4506/17/006. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>Ao Grupo de Estudos REPLICCAR, Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient&#237;fico e Tecnol&#243;gico (CNPq), Funda&#231;&#227;o de Amparo &#224; Pesquisa do Estado de S&#227;o Paulo (FAPESP) e Secretaria de Estado da Sa&#250;de de S&#227;o Paulo (SES-SP) no &#226;mbito do Programa de Pesquisa em Sa&#250;de Unificada Sistema de gest&#227;o compartilhada (PPSUS), que permitiu o desenvolvimento deste estudo no &#226;mbito do Processo FAPESP n&#186; 16 /15163-0.</p>
    </ack>
    <app-group>
      <app id="app1">
        <title>*Material suplementar</title>
        <p>Para informa&#231;&#227;o adicional, por favor, clique aqui.</p>
      </app>
    </app-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
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              <surname>Lisboa</surname>
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              <surname>Jatene</surname>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230768i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Predictors of 30-Day Hospital Readmission Following CABG in a Multicenter Database: A Cross-Sectional Study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Rene Augusto Gon&#231;alves e</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9243-7407</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Borgomoni</surname>
            <given-names>Gabrielle Barbosa</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3600-0200</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>de Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Fabiane Let&#237;cia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6506-7589</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Maia</surname>
            <given-names>Adnaldo da Silveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1471-199X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Farias do Vale</surname>
            <given-names>Cle&#243;stones</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Eva da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silvestre</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardy Guilherme Ibrahim</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dallan</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s Roberto Palma</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2137-0604</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lisboa</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Augusto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dallan</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s Alberto Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6175-5595</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Jatene</surname>
            <given-names>Fabio Biscegli</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1635-4984</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mejia</surname>
            <given-names>Omar Asdr&#250;bal Vilca</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <collab>REPLICCAR Study Group</collab>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Santar&#233;m</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PA</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Jo&#227;o XXIII, Santar&#233;m, PA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Gabrielle Barbosa Borgomoni</bold> &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05403-000, Cerqueira C&#233;sar, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>gabriellebarbosa@usp.br</email> and <email>gabrielle.barbosa@hc.fm.usp.br</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Editor responsible for the review: Alexandre Colafranceschi</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background:</title>
          <p>The analysis of indicators such as hospital readmission rates is crucial for improving the quality of services and management of hospital processes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives:</title>
          <p>To identify the variables correlated with hospital readmission up to 30 days following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods:</title>
          <p>Cross-sectional cohort study by REPLICCAR II database (N=3,392) from June 2017 to June 2019. Retrospectively, 150 patients were analyzed to identify factors associated with hospital readmission within 30 days post-CABG using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Analysis was conducted using software R, with a significance level of 0.05 and 95% confidence intervals.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results:</title>
          <p>Out of 3,392 patients, 150 (4,42%0 were readmitted within 30 days post-discharge from CABG primarily due to infections (mediastinitis, surgical wounds, and sepsis) accounting for 52 cases (34.66%). Other causes included surgical complications (14/150, 9.33%) and pneumonia (13/150, 8.66%). The multivariate regression model identified an intercept (OR: 1.098, p&lt;0.00001), sleep apnea (OR: 1.117, p=0.0165), cardiac arrhythmia (OR: 1.040, p=0.0712), and intra-aortic balloon pump use (OR: 1.068, p=0.0021) as predictors of the outcome, with an AUC of 0.70.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion:</title>
          <p>4.42% of patients were readmitted post-CABG, mainly due to infections. Factors such as sleep apnea (OR: 1.117, p=0.0165), cardiac arrhythmia (OR: 1.040, p=0.0712), and intra-aortic balloon pump use (OR: 1.068, p=0.0021) were predictors of readmission, with moderate risk discrimination (AUC: 0.70).</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Hospitals</kwd>
        <kwd>Patient Readmission</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardium</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The system and hospital processes performance evaluation through indicators help hospital management, contemplating not only the structural analysis of the institution but also the processes and results obtained over time, while the continuous quality interventions are applied in the health service.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Initially, such indicators were focused on mortality and complications in patients, however, with knowledge advances, variables such as hospital readmission began to be included and evaluated by hospital managers.</p>
        <p>The hospital readmission rate has currently played an important role in the quality management department of hospitals, as it is a performance indicator in the health care system, showing the "real-life analysis" related to the system quality, allowing the process monitoring that culminates in patient's readmission and definition of proactive strategies to improve results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The need for a newly operated patient to return to the hospital postpones his/her return to daily activities, causing difficulties in preserving health and general well-being from a psychological and physical point of view, exposing him/her again to the potentially contaminated hospital environment,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> increasing the probability of negative outcomes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> especially in the new COVID-19 era,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> in addition to representing a financial impact on the hospital.</p>
        <p>Readmissions are relatively common after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery, presenting heterogeneous data that oscillate between 8.3 and 21.1%,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> even with variations between institutions. Thus, there is a need to identify the reasons for this event, providing opportunities for proactive actions to reduce these rates shortly and better quality of care and assistance to patients undergoing CABG, in addition to greater availability of beds for new patients, consequently increasing health promotion for the population. Studies addressing this issue are still rare and scattered in Brazilian scientific literature, pointing to a significant variety of definitions and a gap in the knowledge of the medical community.</p>
        <fig id="f5">
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20230768-30768-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>This study aims to identify predisposing factors for hospital readmission in patients undergoing CABG within 30 days after discharge. This is a cross-sectional cohort study, from the perspective of a retrospective analysis of the multicenter database of S&#227;o Paulo state: the S&#227;o Paulo Registry of Cardiovascular Surgery II (REPLICCAR II).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study design</title>
          <p>Cross-sectional study of REPLICCAR II,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> with a prospective, observational, and multicentric data collection from patients undergoing primary and isolated CABG between July 2017 and June 2019 in referral hospitals in S&#227;o Paulo state.</p>
          <p>The authors followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE)10 guidelines.</p>
          <p>For this analysis, we evaluated patients who needed to be readmitted to their health institutions within 30 days after hospital discharge following CABG, as well as the factors that predisposed them to hospital readmission after CABG surgeries.</p>
          <p>The flowchart of the methodologies addressed is shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 1</xref>, while the characterization of the evaluated patients is represented in Supplementary File 1, comparing the profile and evolution of the population readmitted to the health institution and those who did not need to be readmitted.</p>
          <fig id="f6">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>Research flowchart. Source: own authorship.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20230768-30768-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Data collection</title>
          <p>We included all patients who underwent CABG during the selected period, over 18 years old, and with isolated and primary surgical indications (N=4,049). All data obtained were entered into the REDCap platform, in an area created for the REPLICCAR II project, by health professionals trained to perform this task. All variable definitions followed the criteria and definitions from the STS Adult Cardiac Surgery Database version 2.9.11 Quality audits were carried out periodically to verify data accuracy, integrity, and consistency.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
          <p>The variable morbidity was a composite outcome that included the following outcomes: cerebrovascular accident, acute kidney failure, prolonged intubation, deep sternal wound infection, and reoperation.</p>
          <p>Exclusion criteria for this present analysis: Operative mortality (defined as deaths occurring after hospital discharge but within 30 days after the procedure, as well as deaths during the hospital stay in which the surgery was performed, even if 30 days after the procedure [N=133]) and missing data for "readmission" variable or life status until the 30<sup>th</sup> day after the CABG discharge (N=524).</p>
          <p>For this study, a cohort was selected among patients who needed to be readmitted to the health institution where they underwent CABG surgery (N=150), and based on their data, statistical regression analyses were performed to identify the causes related to readmission and the factors associated with the event. Data related to the 3.242 patients who were discharged non-30 days-readmission and were alive in the follow-up by the 30<sup>th</sup> were compared with the readmitted group.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Ethics and consent</title>
          <p>This is a subanalysis of the REPLICCAR II project, approved by the Ethics Committee for Analysis of Research Projects (CAPPesq) of the <italic>Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</italic>, with number 1575, under registration number SDC 4506/17/006. Informed consent was waived due to the methodology of the research design applied to the project.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>In the descriptive analysis, continuous variables were expressed as mean &#177; standard deviation or median and interquartile range, depending on the normality of the data, in terms of summary measures (mean, median, standard deviation, and quartiles), while categorical variables were expressed in terms of percentages. As continuous variables do not follow a normal distribution (Anderson-Darling test), for the comparison of two groups, the non-parametric Mann-Whitney and Brunner-Munzel tests were used for homogeneous and heterogeneous variables (Bartlett test), respectively. For categorical variables, the Fisher's Exact test or the Chi-Squared test was employed.</p>
          <p>To find associations between explanatory variables and a binary outcome, the logistic regression model was utilized. For constructing more parsimonious multiple models (fewer variables), the stepwise backward algorithm was employed to select the variables that best explain the outcome. The AUC (Area Under the Curve) through the ROC Curve was used to evaluate the model's accuracy.</p>
          <p>All analyses were conducted with the R software version 4.2.0. A significance level of 0.05 was adopted for the tests. Two-tailed hypotheses were considered. Additionally, the constructed confidence intervals are 95%.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>A cross-sectional cohort was selected in the REPLICCAR II database, divided into two groups: 1) a Group of patients readmitted until thirty days after hospital discharge (N=150, 4.42% of the total sample of this analysis); and 2) Discharged patients who did not need to return to the hospital (N=3,242).</p>
        <p>Supplementary <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">table 1</xref> shows the descriptive variables between the two groups analyzed. We observed that the group of patients who needed to be readmitted to the hospital until 30 days of discharge had a greater number of female patients (p&lt;0.001), a predisposition to anemia in pre-, intra- and postoperative periods (p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.001 and p=0.001), higher glycosylated hemoglobin levels (p=0.013 and need for intraoperative blood transfusion (p&lt;0.001).</p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Multivariate logistic regression model analysis for Hospital Readmission</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="16%">
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead style="border-top: thin solid; border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr style="background-color:#76B4CF">
                <th align="left" valign="middle">Explanatory variable</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Coefficient</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">Standard error Coefficient</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">OR</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">CI 95%</th>
                <th align="center" valign="middle">p-value</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody style="border-bottom: thin solid; border-color: #000000">
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Intercept</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.093</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.015</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.098</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.065-1.131</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">&lt;0.00001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Cardiac arrhythmia</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.039</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.022</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.040</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.997-1.085</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.071212</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Sleep apnea</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.110</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.0046</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.117</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.021-1.222</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.016523</td>
              </tr>
              <tr style="background-color:#C7DFEC">
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Lowest intraoperative hematocrit recorded during the intraoperative period</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">-0.006</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.002</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.994</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.991-0.997</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.000399</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" valign="middle">Intra-aortic balloon pump use</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.066</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.021</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.068</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">1.024-1.113</td>
                <td align="center" valign="middle">0.002103</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>
                <italic>CI: confidence interval. Source: own authorship.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
        <p>We identified that, among the reasons that led patients to be readmitted to the institutions included in the study, infectious conditions (mediastinitis, surgical wound, and sepsis) were the most expressive (34.66%), as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f7">Figure 2</xref>.</p>
        <fig id="f7">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>Causes of hospital readmission. Source: own authorship.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20230768-30768-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        <p>Regression analysis was performed using the outcome variable "Hospital readmission" in the REPLICCAR II database. Based on the significant variables of the univariate regression (Supplementary file 2), the multivariate model was constructed (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Table 1</xref>). multivariate logistic regression model revealed variables with significant impact on the outcome of interest. The intercept was significant with an Odds Ratio (OR) of 1.098 (95% CI: 1.065 - 1.131, p&lt;0.00001), indicating a baseline factor for the outcome when all other variables are held constant. Sleep apnea was associated with an 11.7% increased chance of the outcome (OR: 1.117, 95% CI: 1.020 - 1.222, p=0.0165). Cardiac arrhythmia showed an OR of 1.040 (95% CI: 0.997 - 1.085, p=0.0712), although this association did not reach statistical significance at the 0.05 level. The variable "lowest intraoperative hematocrit recorded during the intraoperative period" was associated with a slight decrease in outcome risk (OR: 0.994, 95% CI: 0.991 - 0.997, p=0.0004). Intra-aortic balloon pump use was associated with a 6.8% increase in the chance of the outcome (OR: 1.068, 95% CI: 1.024 - 1.113, p=0.0021).</p>
        <p>To test the model performance to predict readmissions the forward and backward stepwise model was used. The ROC curve had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.70, indicating a moderate discrimination capacity of the model (95% CI: 0.63 - 0.77). This AUC suggests that the model has a 70% probability of correctly discriminating between positive and negative outcomes (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f8">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
        <fig id="f8">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>ROC curve. Source: own authorship.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-09-e20230768-30768-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>In the current analysis, it was observed that within the cohort from the REPLICCAR II database (N=3,392), there were 150 readmissions (N=4.42%). This rate is significantly lower than the observed in the current scientific literature. where readmission rates vary between 8.3 and 21.1%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> We believe that this occurred because REPLICCAR II was premised on improving the quality of health services associated with the database. which brought positive advances in several indicators.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In 2012. Li et al.14 evaluated 11.823 hospital discharges following CABG in California and identified a 30-day readmission rate of 13.2%, correlating the following risk factors: age, gender, family income, and zip code compatible with the most vulnerable regions. Regarding the pre and intraoperative risk factors related to readmission, our study pointed to sleep apnea (OR: 1.117, p=0.0165), cardiac arrhythmia (OR: 1.040, p=0.0712), and intra-aortic balloon pump use (OR: 1.068, p=0.0021), while the more recent meta-analysis on the subject15 shows a correlation between outcome and variables such as female gender. non-White ethnicity and lack of private health insurance (Medicare and Medicaid beneficiaries), diabetes, hypertension, previous myocardial infarction, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular accident, peripheral vascular disease, renal, pulmonary, and/or hepatic dysfunctions, immunosuppression, and obesity.</p>
        <p>Regardless of the difference between Brazilian and foreign results in this matter, such variables are non-modifiable characteristics of the patient, therefore, the hospital clinical staff must use adequate planning of processes and conducts for the hospitalization and provision of care to each patient, using risk scores, engaging the patient and their families in their post-surgery care and performing follow-up to investigate the appropriate care and clinical evolution of the patient.</p>
        <p>The development of infectious conditions was the most significant cause of hospital readmission, which raises the suspicion that in-hospital treatments may be insufficient regarding the treatment of infection16 or that patients are not receiving proper postoperative instructions. The relevance of infection related to hospital readmission presented in this study is in line with the current scientific literature,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> framing this finding in a lack of coordination after hospital discharge.</p>
        <p>In this analysis, it was observed that each additional unit of hemoglobin (a continuous variable from the database), is associated with a decreased probability of hospital readmission (OR: 0.994, 95% CI: 0.991 - 0.997, p=0.0004). Trooboff et al.6 showed that hematocrit levels &lt;36% are significantly related to the readmission outcome (p=0.017).</p>
        <p>In our study, the clinical status of patients was not assessed beyond the 30-day follow-up period. However, in 2021 Bianco et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> assessed the long-term impacts of readmission (N=14.538) and pointed out that readmission was significantly associated with both short-term (6 months) and long-term (60 months) mortality, in addition to being an independent predictor of new readmissions. Regarding mortality in this study, the readmitted group recorded two cases of deaths, during the second hospitalization (2/150, 1.33%), however, these were not statistically correlated with the readmission outcome. On the other hand, the non-readmited group reported no deaths, due to the exclusion criteria of this study.</p>
        <p>In a world where value-based care and quality processes are increasingly valued.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> the Affordable Care Act (ACA)20 established a program to reduce hospital readmissions, aiming to reduce payments to health centers with high readmission rates. With the change of paradigms. readmission rates were reduced. showing that this program profile. in addition to having an impact on increasing the quality of service provided to patients. reduced hospital costs.</p>
        <p>Pay-for-performance is gaining increased prominence worldwide. The system is based on not only reimbursing hospitals according to their surgical volume but also evaluating hospital results such as complications. deaths and readmission rates.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> In this context. in the first half of 2022, Brazil launched the QualiSus Cardio18 ordinance by the Ministry of Health. committing to pay up to 45% more for hospitals that have a good surgical volume and good results. Within this scenario, having good results becomes a significant objective for institutions that perform cardiovascular surgeries. Analyzes such as evaluation of the readmission rate and factors associated with the outcome become relevant for the progressive performance improvement by the health teams. providing opportunities for the optimization of future processes.</p>
        <p>Regarding types of modern processes that focus on improving care, rapid recovery protocols have progressively shown positive and promising results and have the potential to further reduce readmission rates in health centers. In 2021. Chudgar et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> evaluated the use of a discharge protocol that addressed patient engagement in health care and the surgical intervention to which they would be submitted, management of the underlying disease, and strict follow-up after hospital discharge. The authors concluded that the type of care had a significant impact on the reduction of readmissions (14.1% <italic>vs</italic>. 6.8%), adding value to the care offered to patients.</p>
        <p>The implementation of this type of care can benefit the hospital in a broad way,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> and has significant potential. The identification of the most frequent causes of hospital readmissions points out that the answer to improving results may lie in improving the quality of institutional care, benefiting the patient's health, and no longer having a negative impact on hospital systems due to the use of resources and professional material for such care, in addition to the budgeting issue for the hospital.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Study limitations</title>
          <p>As this is a cross-sectional cohort study in the REPLICCAR II multicenter database, the performance of each health center included may have affected the analysis, due to the heterogeneity in years of experience of surgeons and clinical cardiologists, materials used, and others. Follow-up data on readmission cases were not available beyond what is set out in this work. It was not part of the scope of the current project; however, it is necessary to assess how patients who need to be readmitted after discharge following CABG surgery are currently doing in terms of quality of life, clinical status, and evolution. In a future analysis, these questions should be raised to better understand the impact of hospital readmission on this patient population.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>In this cross-sectional cohort analysis from the REPLICCAR II database, 4.42% of patients who underwent CABG were readmitted within 30 days post-discharge (N=150/3.392). The multiple models created through variables correlated with the outcome, proved satisfactory for predicting hospital readmission within 30 days post-CABG surgery, evidenced by the ROC curve's AUC of 0.70. However, further studies should be conducted to improve the model's predictive accuracy. The advancement of quality programs in cardiac surgeries with safety protocols shows the need and interest in the continuous improvement of results, which can positively affect the reduction of readmissions observed in S&#227;o Paulo state, which are currently below the rates observed abroad. but with a great potential for improvement.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn4">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo under the protocol number 1.575, SDC:4506/17/006. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <app-group>
        <app id="app2">
          <title>*Supplemental Materials</title>
          <p>For additional information, please click here.</p>
        </app>
      </app-group>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgments</title>
        <p>To REPLICCAR Study Group. Ministry of Health. Brazilian National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq). S&#227;o Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the S&#227;o Paulo State Health Secretariat (SES-SP) within the scope of the Research Program for the Unified Health System (PPSUS). which allowed the development of this study within the scope of FAPESP Process n. 16/15163-0.</p>
      </ack>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
