<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">jTsN8Wgt7ChqBk3q5tXbjLt</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000800205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00205</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240453</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Avan&#231;ada e o Surgimento de Novos Marcadores de Progn&#243;stico: Onde Estamos?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1463-551X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Roscani</surname>
            <given-names>Meliza Goi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Carlos</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento M&#233;dico</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Carlos</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia do Departamento M&#233;dico da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Carlos, S&#227;o Carlos, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Meliza Goi Roscani</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Carlos - Departamento de Medicina &#8211; Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235 CEP <postal-code>13565-905</postal-code>. S&#227;o Carlos, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>meliza.roscani@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240453</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Volume Sist&#243;lico</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarcadores</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) avan&#231;ada &#233; uma s&#237;ndrome complexa caracterizada pela presen&#231;a de sintomas graves e persistentes de IC, disfun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca importante, epis&#243;dios de congest&#227;o pulmonar ou sist&#234;mica que requerem altas doses de diur&#233;ticos intravenosos, epis&#243;dios de baixo d&#233;bito que requerem inotr&#243;picos ou drogas vasoativas, arritmias malignas, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o nos &#250;ltimos 12 meses ou comprometimento grave da capacidade de exerc&#237;cio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A utilidade de m&#250;ltiplos marcadores com boa acur&#225;cia na detec&#231;&#227;o de pior progn&#243;stico &#233; cada vez mais explorada na literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico cerebral (BNP) e o NT-proBNP s&#227;o considerados biomarcadores indicadores progn&#243;sticos na IC e podem ajudar a identificar pacientes com maior gravidade da doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Recentemente, o aparecimento de novos marcadores ecocardiogr&#225;ficos parece desempenhar um papel importante na detec&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com progress&#227;o mais grave desta s&#237;ndrome. V&#225;rios par&#226;metros derivados da t&#233;cnica inovadora de ecocardiografia <italic>speckle tracking</italic> (STE) s&#227;o de grande valor no diagn&#243;stico e progn&#243;stico de diversas patologias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Tatar et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> investigaram a associa&#231;&#227;o entre par&#226;metros de <italic>strain</italic> diast&#243;lico, incluindo E/e&#8217; SR medido por STE e resultados de curto prazo em pacientes com IC avan&#231;ada. Um total de 116 pacientes foram encaminhados para avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica ap&#243;s avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial no pronto-socorro/ambulat&#243;rio antes da admiss&#227;o na unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI)/enfermaria e tamb&#233;m antes da terapia diur&#233;tica. Os pacientes foram acompanhados por um m&#234;s e qualquer reinterna&#231;&#227;o por piora dos sintomas de IC e qualquer mortalidade foi registrada. Durante o seguimento, 16 pacientes morreram e o n&#237;vel s&#233;rico de proBNP e E/e&#8217; SR foram preditores independentes de mortalidade. E/e&#8217; SR apresentou sensibilidade e especificidade de 86,7 e 58,0% para predizer mortalidade. A grande relev&#226;ncia deste estudo &#233; que ele foi, at&#233; onde sabemos, &#250;nico em pacientes com ICFEr avan&#231;ada e o momento da avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica dentro de 24 horas ap&#243;s a admiss&#227;o tamb&#233;m foi muito preciso.</p>
    <p>Para melhor compreender esses achados, a fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) &#233; influenciada pela sobrecarga atrial esquerda, intera&#231;&#227;o entre ventr&#237;culo direito (VD) e VE, conten&#231;&#227;o peric&#225;rdica, fun&#231;&#227;o sist&#243;lica do VE, dessincronia da fun&#231;&#227;o do VE e VD, fluxo sangu&#237;neo coronariano e perfus&#227;o tecidual. A avalia&#231;&#227;o do relaxamento do VE e da press&#227;o de enchimento do VE pela ecocardiografia em pacientes com IC &#233; potencialmente &#250;til na identifica&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com maior gravidade desta s&#237;ndrome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A taxa de <italic>strain</italic> diast&#243;lico pode ser afetada pela press&#227;o do &#225;trio esquerdo, pelo relaxamento cont&#237;nuo do VE e pela rigidez do VE e pode estar bem correlacionada com a press&#227;o de enchimento do VE e a press&#227;o de oclus&#227;o capilar pulmonar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Considerando que pacientes com IC avan&#231;ada podem evoluir com fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica gravemente comprometida, que est&#225; associada &#224; intoler&#226;ncia ao exerc&#237;cio e sintomas mais graves, valores mais elevados de E/e&#8217; SR podem discriminar pacientes com desfechos desfavor&#225;veis em curto prazo, incluindo mortalidade durante o acompanhamento de 1 m&#234;s. Isso est&#225; bem representado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>.</p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>Figura 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Fluxograma do papel da taxa de strain diast&#243;lico no progn&#243;stico de pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca avan&#231;ada. VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito; E/e&#8217;SR: rela&#231;&#227;o entre a velocidade de enchimento transmitral precoce e a taxa de strain diast&#243;lico precoce; ICFER: insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-08-e20240453-40453-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <p>Embora a E/e&#8217;SR seja considerada um m&#233;todo inovador, algumas limita&#231;&#245;es devem ser descritas, incluindo a t&#233;cnica de aquisi&#231;&#227;o de imagens, falta de padroniza&#231;&#227;o para medidas de SR diast&#243;lica e menor precis&#227;o com taquicardia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O estudo de Tatar et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> corroborado com outros estudos que investigaram a taxa de <italic>strain</italic> diast&#243;lico sobre desfechos adversos em pacientes com IC. He et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> descobriram que a taxa de <italic>strain</italic> longitudinal diast&#243;lico precoce global do VE obtida a partir do rastreamento da resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica cardiovascular foi independentemente associada a resultados adversos em pacientes com IC com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada. Hortegal et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> resumiram o papel do STE na detec&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com IC preservada, refor&#231;ando a import&#226;ncia de novos m&#233;todos de avalia&#231;&#227;o e progn&#243;stico.</p>
    <p>Em resumo, m&#233;todos ecocardiogr&#225;ficos mais elegantes est&#227;o surgindo para melhor investigar a fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica em pacientes com IC e podem desempenhar um valor progn&#243;stico significativo com boa precis&#227;o na detec&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com resultados desfavor&#225;veis a curto e longo prazo.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Par&#226;metros de Strain Diast&#243;lico Est&#227;o Associados &#224; Mortalidade em Curto Prazo e &#224; Reinterna&#231;&#227;o em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Avan&#231;ada</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Crespo-Leiro</surname>
              <given-names>MG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Metra</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lund</surname>
              <given-names>LH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Milicic</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Costanzo</surname>
              <given-names>MR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Filippatos</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Advanced Heart Failure: A Position Statement of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology</article-title>
          <source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>20</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>1505</fpage>
          <lpage>1535</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ejhf.1236</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1 Crespo-Leiro MG, Metra M, Lund LH, Milicic D, Costanzo MR, Filippatos G, et al. Advanced Heart Failure: A Position Statement of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2018;20(11):1505-35. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1236.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ebong</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mazimba</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Breathett</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiac Biomarkers in Advanced Heart Failure: How Can They Impact Our Pre-transplant or Pre-LVAD Decision-making</article-title>
          <source>Curr Heart Fail Rep</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>16</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>274</fpage>
          <lpage>284</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11897-019-00447-w</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 Ebong I, Mazimba S, Breathett K. Cardiac Biomarkers in Advanced Heart Failure: How Can They Impact Our Pre-transplant or Pre-LVAD Decision-making. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2019;16(6):274-84. doi: 10.1007/s11897-019-00447-w.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Loungani</surname>
              <given-names>RS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mentz</surname>
              <given-names>RJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Agarwal</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>De Vore</surname>
              <given-names>AD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Patel</surname>
              <given-names>CB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rogers</surname>
              <given-names>JG</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Biomarkers in Advanced Heart Failure: Implications for Managing Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support and Cardiac Transplantation</article-title>
          <source>Circ Heart Fail</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>13</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <elocation-id>e006840</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006840</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 Loungani RS, Mentz RJ, Agarwal R, De Vore AD, Patel CB, Rogers JG, et al. Biomarkers in Advanced Heart Failure: Implications for Managing Patients with Mechanical Circulatory Support and Cardiac Transplantation. Circ Heart Fail. 2020;13(7):e006840. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006840.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Shen</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fu</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wu</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>You</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yan</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yao</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Light Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis</article-title>
          <source>Blood</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>142</volume>
          <supplement>Suppl 1</supplement>
          <fpage>6743</fpage>
          <lpage>6744</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1182/blood-2023-185767</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4 Shen H, Fu C, Wu X, You H, Yan Z, Yao W, et al. Speckle Tracking Echocardiography for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Light Chain Cardiac Amyloidosis. Blood. 2023;142(Suppl 1):6743-4. doi: 10.1182/blood-2023-185767.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gan</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kadappu</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bhat</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cai</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gu</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fernandez</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Left Atrial 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease</article-title>
          <source>Hear Lung Circ</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>28</volume>
          <supplement>Suppl 4</supplement>
          <fpage>S138</fpage>
          <lpage>S138</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.015</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5 Gan G, Kadappu K, Bhat A, Cai L, Gu K, Fernandez F, et al. Left Atrial 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography as a Prognostic Marker in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Hear Lung Circ. 2019;28(Suppl 4):S138. doi:10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.015.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Faro</surname>
              <given-names>DC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Losi</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rodolico</surname>
              <given-names>MS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Licciardi</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Monte</surname>
              <given-names>IP</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Speckle Tracking Echocardiography-derived Parameters as New Prognostic Markers in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J Open</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>3</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>oead014</fpage>
          <lpage>oead014</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/ehjopen/oead014</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6 Faro DC, Losi V, Rodolico MS, Licciardi S, Monte IP. Speckle Tracking Echocardiography-derived Parameters as New Prognostic Markers in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathies. Eur Heart J Open. 2023;3(2):oead014. doi: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead014.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>&#214;zdemir</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Karag&#246;z</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Emren</surname>
              <given-names>SV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Altay</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Eren</surname>
              <given-names>NK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>&#214;zdemir</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Strain Echocardiographic Evaluation of Myocardial Involvement in Patients with Continuing Chest Pain after COVID-19 Infection</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>120</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <elocation-id>e20220287</elocation-id>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220287</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7 &#214;zdemir E, Karag&#246;z U, Emren SV, Altay S, Eren NK, &#214;zdemir S, et al. Strain Echocardiographic Evaluation of Myocardial Involvement in Patients with Continuing Chest Pain after COVID-19 Infection. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2023;120(1):e20220287. doi: 10.36660/abc.20220287.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tatar</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>&#304;cli</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ar&#305;ba&#351;</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Belgin Akilli</surname>
              <given-names>NB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Akilli</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sertdemir</surname>
              <given-names>AL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Par&#226;metros de Strain Diast&#243;lico Est&#227;o Associados &#224; Mortalidade em Curto Prazo e &#224; Reinterna&#231;&#227;o em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Avan&#231;ada</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2024</year>
          <volume>121</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <elocation-id>e20230670</elocation-id>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230670">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230670</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Tatar S, &#304;cli A, Ar&#305;ba&#351; A, Belgin Akilli NB, Akilli H, Sertdemir AL. Par&#226;metros de Strain Diast&#243;lico Est&#227;o Associados &#224; Mortalidade em Curto Prazo e &#224; Reinterna&#231;&#227;o em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Avan&#231;ada. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2024; 121(8):e20230670. DOI: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230670">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230670</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nagueh</surname>
              <given-names>SF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: Understanding Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis with Echocardiography</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Imaging</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>13</volume>
          <issue>1 Pt 2</issue>
          <fpage>228</fpage>
          <lpage>244</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.10.038</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9 Nagueh SF. Left Ventricular Diastolic Function: Understanding Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Prognosis with Echocardiography. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging. 2020;13(1 Pt 2):228-44. doi: 10.1016/j.jcmg.2018.10.038.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Silbiger</surname>
              <given-names>JJ</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Pathophysiology and Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction</article-title>
          <source>J Am Soc Echocardiogr</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>32</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>216.e2</fpage>
          <lpage>232.e2</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.echo.2018.11.011</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10 Silbiger JJ. Pathophysiology and Echocardiographic Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction. J Am Soc Echocardiogr. 2019;32(2):216-32.e2. doi: 10.1016/j.echo.2018.11.011.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Khoury</surname>
              <given-names>DS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Thohan</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Torre-Amione</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nagueh</surname>
              <given-names>SF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Global Diastolic Strain Rate for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Relaxation and Filling Pressures</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2007</year>
          <volume>115</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>1376</fpage>
          <lpage>1383</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.662882</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>11 Wang J, Khoury DS, Thohan V, Torre-Amione G, Nagueh SF. Global Diastolic Strain Rate for the Assessment of Left Ventricular Relaxation and Filling Pressures. Circulation. 2007;115(11):1376-83. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.662882.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>He</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yang</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wu</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Li</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yin</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhuang</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Early Diastolic Longitudinal Strain Rate at MRI and Outcomes in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</article-title>
          <source>Radiology</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>301</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>582</fpage>
          <lpage>592</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1148/radiol.2021210188</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>12 He J, Yang W, Wu W, Li S, Yin G, Zhuang B, et al. Early Diastolic Longitudinal Strain Rate at MRI and Outcomes in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction. Radiology. 2021;301(3):582-92. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2021210188.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Hortegal</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Abensur</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Ecocardiografia com Strain para Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Pacientes com Disfun&#231;&#227;o Diast&#243;lica e Fra&#231;&#227;o de Eje&#231;&#227;o Preservada: Estamos Prontos?</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>30</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>132</fpage>
          <lpage>139</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/2318-8219.20170034</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>13 Hortegal R, Abensur H. Ecocardiografia com Strain para Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Pacientes com Disfun&#231;&#227;o Diast&#243;lica e Fra&#231;&#227;o de Eje&#231;&#227;o Preservada: Estamos Prontos? Arq Bras Cardiol. 2017;30(4):132-9. doi: 10.5935/2318-8219.20170034.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240453i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Advanced Heart Failure and Onset of New Prognostic Markers: Where are We?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1463-551X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Roscani</surname>
            <given-names>Meliza Goi</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Carlos</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia do Departamento M&#233;dico da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Carlos, S&#227;o Carlos, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Meliza Goi Roscani</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Carlos &#8211; Departamento de Medicina &#8211; Rodovia Washington Luiz Km 235. Postal Code <postal-code>13565-905</postal-code>, S&#227;o Carlos, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>meliza.roscani@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Stroke Volume</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Biomarkers</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Advanced heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome characterized by the presence of severe and persistent symptoms of HF, important cardiac dysfunction, episodes of pulmonary or systemic congestion requiring high-dose of intravenous diuretics, episodes of low output requiring inotropes or vasoactive drugs, malignant arrhythmias, hospitalization in the past 12 months or severe impairment of exercise capacity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The utility of multiple markers that have good accuracy in the detection of worse prognosis are increasingly being explored in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP are considered biomarkers prognostic indicators in HF and can help to identify patients with more severity of disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Recently, the onset of new echocardiographic markers appears to play an important role in detecting patients with more severe progression of this syndrome. Various parameters derived from the innovative speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) technique are of great value in the diagnostic and prognostic of several pathologies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Tatar et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> investigated the association between diastolic strain parameters including E/e&#8217; SR measured by STE and short-term outcomes in advanced HF patients. A total of 116 patients were referred to the echocardiographic assessment following their initial evaluation in the emergency room/outpatient clinic before admission to the intensive care unit (ICU)/ward and also before diuretic therapy. Patients were followed for one month and any re-hospitalization due to worsening of HF symptoms and any mortality was recorded. During the follow-up, 16 patients died and serum proBNP level and E/e&#8217; SR were independent predictors of mortality. E/e&#8217; SR had a sensitivity and specificity of 86.7 and 58.0% for predicting mortality. The great relevance of this study is that this was, to the best of our knowledge, unique in advanced HFrEF patients and the timing of echocardiographic assessment within 24 hours of admission was also very accurate.</p>
      <p>To better understand these findings, left ventricular (LV) diastolic function is influenced by left atrial overload, right ventricular (RV) and LV interaction, pericardial contention, LV systolic function, desynchrony of LV and RV function, coronary blood flow, and tissue perfusion. Assessment of LV relaxation and LV filling pressure by echocardiography in HF patients is potentially useful in identifying patients with more severity of this syndrome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The diastolic strain rate may be affected by left atrium pressure, ongoing LV relaxation, and LV stiffness and can be well correlated with LV filling pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Considering that advanced HF patients may course with severely impaired diastolic function, which is associated with exercise intolerance and more severe symptoms, higher E/e&#8217; SR values may discriminate patients with short-term unfavorable outcomes, including mortality during the 1-month follow-up. This is well represented in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>.</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Flowchart of the role of diastolic strain rate on the prognosis of advanced heart failure patients. LV: left ventricle; RV: right ventricle; E/e&#8217;SR: the ratio of transmitral early filling velocity to early diastolic strain rate; HFrEF: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-08-e20240453-40453-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Although E/e&#8217; SR is considered an innovative method, some limitations should be described, including technical image acquisition, lack of standardization for diastolic SR measurements, and lower precision with tachycardia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The study of Tatar et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> corroborated with other studies that investigated diastolic strain rate on adverse outcomes in HF patients. He et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> found that LV global early diastolic longitudinal strain rate obtained from cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking was independently associated with adverse outcomes in patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction. Hortegal et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> summarized the role of STE in detecting patients with preserved HF, reinforcing the importance of new assessment and prognosis methods.</p>
      <p>In summary, more elegant echocardiographic methods are emerging to better investigate diastolic function in patients with HF and may play a significative prognostic value with good accuracy in detecting patients with unfavorable short- and long-term outcomes.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Diastolic Strain Parameters are Associated with Short Term Mortality and Rehospitalization in Patients with Advanced Heart Failure</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
