<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">NNCy8SVYvQbcqsPGYpt5R6S</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000801001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240303</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Uma Constela&#231;&#227;o de Acidente Vascular Cerebral e Hipoxemia ap&#243;s Extra&#231;&#227;o do Eletrodo do CDI: Papel do Forame Oval Patente</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shah</surname>
            <given-names>Ashish H.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jenkins</surname>
            <given-names>Petra</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9396-7178</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Schneider</surname>
            <given-names>Heiko</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">University of Manitoba</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">St. Boniface Hospital</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Section of Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Manitoba</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="CA">Canad&#225;</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Section of Cardiology, St. Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Manitoba &#8211; Canad&#225;</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Liverpool</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="GB">Inglaterra</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool &#8211; Inglaterra</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">University of Zurich</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">University Hospital Zurich</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Department of Cardiology</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Zurich</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="CH">Su&#237;&#231;a</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich &#8211; Su&#237;&#231;a</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><label>Correspond&#234;ncia:</label><bold>Ashish H. Shah</bold> &#8226; Cardiology department - St Boniface Hospital - 409, Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6 - Canad&#225; E-mail: <email>ashah5@sbgh.mb.ca</email>, <email>Ashish.Shah@UManitoba.ca</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potencial conflito de interesse</label>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o:</label>
          <p>Nuno Bettencourt</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>23</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240303</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Forame Oval Patente</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral</kwd>
        <kwd>Hip&#243;xia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Uma mulher de 78 anos com cardiomiopatia isqu&#234;mica conhecida foi submetida eletivamente &#224; extra&#231;&#227;o do eletrodo do cardioversor desfibrilador implant&#225;vel (CDI) e ao implante de um novo eletrodo. Duas horas ap&#243;s o procedimento, apresentou disfasia expressiva e hemiplegia direita, o que foi confirmado como resultado de um acidente vascular cerebral isqu&#234;mico em uma tomografia computadorizada de cr&#226;nio. Al&#233;m disso, a paciente desenvolveu hipoxemia em repouso com satura&#231;&#227;o de oxig&#234;nio de 87-88% em ar ambiente, que melhorou apenas parcialmente com oxig&#234;nio de alto fluxo.</p>
    <p>Uma investiga&#231;&#227;o mais aprofundada revelou um shunt da direita para a esquerda atrav&#233;s de um forame oval patente (FOP) em um ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico (ETT). Exames ETT anteriores realizados nos &#250;ltimos 5 anos n&#227;o mostraram qualquer patologia valvular ou shunt da direita para a esquerda atrav&#233;s do FOP. O paciente estava em terapia anticoagulante oral direta para fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, que foi interrompida eletivamente 2 dias antes do procedimento, e foi iniciada heparina de baixo peso molecular como terapia ponte.</p>
    <p>Suspeitou-se que o acidente vascular cerebral fosse causado pela emboliza&#231;&#227;o de um co&#225;gulo sangu&#237;neo ou fibrina do eletrodo extra&#237;do do CDI, uma complica&#231;&#227;o conhecida do procedimento. Considerando que se pensava que a hipoxemia se devia &#224; distor&#231;&#227;o da estrutura card&#237;aca, particularmente &#224; rela&#231;&#227;o entre a veia cava superior (VCS) e a veia cava inferior (VCI), o que pode resultar na forma&#231;&#227;o alterada de v&#243;rtices no &#225;trio direito e facilitar shunt da direita para a esquerda (Painel A; V&#237;deo 1).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Como a paciente permaneceu persistentemente hipox&#234;mica devido ao shunt da direita para a esquerda mediado pelo FOP e estava acamada devido ao acidente vascular cerebral, foi submetida &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o transcateter. A press&#227;o m&#233;dia do &#225;trio direito foi de 8 mmHg, enquanto a press&#227;o m&#233;dia do &#225;trio esquerdo foi de 11 mmHg. A angiografia do &#225;trio direito confirmou o shunt de sangue para o &#225;trio esquerdo atrav&#233;s do FOP (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1A</xref>; <xref ref-type="other" rid="f2">V&#237;deo 1</xref>). A satura&#231;&#227;o venosa pulmonar bilateral de oxig&#234;nio foi de 96-97%, enquanto a satura&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica foi de 88%, confirmando que a hipoxemia era devida ao shunt direita-esquerda. Satura&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica normalizada ap&#243;s oclus&#227;o do FOP por bal&#227;o (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1B</xref>; <xref ref-type="other" rid="f2">V&#237;deo 1</xref>). O paciente foi ent&#227;o submetido ao fechamento transcateter do FOP com dispositivo oclusor Amplatzer<sup>&#174;</sup> de 25 mm. Um vazamento residual atrav&#233;s do FOP foi observado ap&#243;s a implanta&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo, no entanto, a satura&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica de oxig&#234;nio permaneceu entre 94-95% em ar ambiente (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1C</xref>; <xref ref-type="other" rid="f3">V&#237;deo 2</xref>). Especialmente entre pacientes submetidos ao fechamento transcateter do FOP tratando shunt da direita para a esquerda, nossa publica&#231;&#227;o anterior descreveu (1) vazamento residual frequente, (2) normaliza&#231;&#227;o da hipoxemia sist&#234;mica apesar do vazamento residual, (3) necessidade frequente de uso de dispositivo n&#227;o FOP e (4) posi&#231;&#227;o horizontal do dispositivo, provavelmente corroborando com anatomia distorcida do septo interatrial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>Figura 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Fechamento transcateter do forame oval patente tratando hip&#243;xia mediada por shunt da direita para a esquerda. Painel A) Angiografia do &#225;trio direito demonstrando shunt da direita para a esquerda atrav&#233;s do forame oval patente; Painel B) oclus&#227;o por bal&#227;o do forame oval patente; Painel C) fechamento transcateter do FOP. A seta branca tracejada descreve o fluxo na VCS e na VCI; a seta curva descreve o fluxo no &#225;trio direito e a seta azul descreve o fluxo atrav&#233;s do FOP.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-08-e20240303-40303-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <media id="f2" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/NNCy8SVYvQbcqsPGYpt5R6S/9a5cdff9345390e468760fdaf6ce727bf0951efe.mp4">
      <label>V&#237;deo 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Angiografia do &#225;trio direito demonstrando shunt da direita para a esquerda. Link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12108/2024-0303_video_01.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12108/2024-0303_video_01.mp4</ext-link> </title>
      </caption>
    </media>
    <media id="f3" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/NNCy8SVYvQbcqsPGYpt5R6S/72feeade88164dbb4f3177f687d3306e406a0250.mp4">
      <label>V&#237;deo 2</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Fechamento transcateter do forame oval patente com shunt residual por meio do dispositivo Amplatzer&#174; de fechamento de FOP. Link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12108/2024-0303_video_02.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12108/2024-0303_video_02.mp4</ext-link> </title>
      </caption>
    </media>
    <p>Entre pacientes com dispositivos card&#237;acos implant&#225;veis, a presen&#231;a de FOP &#233; um fator de risco independente para acidente vascular cerebral.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> O caso destaca uma ocorr&#234;ncia rara de shunt de sangue da direita para a esquerda mediado por FOP e seu conte&#250;do ap&#243;s a extra&#231;&#227;o do eletrodo do CDI, que geralmente &#233; observado ap&#243;s cirurgias toraco-abdominais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Os m&#233;dicos respons&#225;veis pelo tratamento devem estar cientes de tais patologias associadas ao FOP, uma vez que a interven&#231;&#227;o transcateter pode eliminar eficazmente o shunt da direita para a esquerda mediado pelo FOP, bem como a emboliza&#231;&#227;o sist&#233;mica.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn1">
        <label>Fontes de financiamento</label>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <label>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</label>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <label>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</label>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Shah</surname>
              <given-names>AH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ravandi</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kass</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Platypnea-orthodeoxia Syndrome: Reminder of the In Utero Vena Cava Flow Pattern</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>12</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>e15</fpage>
          <lpage>e16</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jcin.2018.10.040</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1 Shah AH, Ravandi A, Kass M. Platypnea-orthodeoxia Syndrome: Reminder of the In Utero Vena Cava Flow Pattern. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2019;12(2):e15-e16. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2018.10.040.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Shah</surname>
              <given-names>AH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Osten</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leventhal</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bach</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yoo</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mansour</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Percutaneous Intervention to Treat Platypnea-orthodeoxia Syndrome: The Toronto Experience</article-title>
          <source>JACC Cardiovasc Interv</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <issue>18</issue>
          <fpage>1928</fpage>
          <lpage>1938</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jcin.2016.07.003</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 Shah AH, Osten M, Leventhal A, Bach Y, Yoo D, Mansour D, et al. Percutaneous Intervention to Treat Platypnea-orthodeoxia Syndrome: The Toronto Experience. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;9(18):1928-38. doi: 10.1016/j.jcin.2016.07.003.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>DeSimone</surname>
              <given-names>CV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Friedman</surname>
              <given-names>PA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Noheria</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Patel</surname>
              <given-names>NA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>DeSimone</surname>
              <given-names>DC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bdeir</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Patients with Transvenous Pacemaker or Defibrillator and Echocardiographically Detected Patent Foramen Ovale</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>128</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1433</fpage>
          <lpage>1441</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003540</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 DeSimone CV, Friedman PA, Noheria A, Patel NA, DeSimone DC, Bdeir S, et al. Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Patients with Transvenous Pacemaker or Defibrillator and Echocardiographically Detected Patent Foramen Ovale. Circulation. 2013;128(13):1433-41. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003540.</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240303i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Constellation of Stroke and Hypoxemia Post ICD Lead Extraction: Role of Patent Foramen Ovale</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Shah</surname>
            <given-names>Ashish H.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research and Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Jenkins</surname>
            <given-names>Petra</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9396-7178</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Schneider</surname>
            <given-names>Heiko</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Manitoba</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="CA">Canada</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Section of Cardiology, St. Boniface Hospital, University of Manitoba, Manitoba &#8211; Canada</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Liverpool</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="GB">UK</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Liverpool Heart and Chest Hospital, Liverpool &#8211; UK</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Zurich</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="CH">Switzerland</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich &#8211; Switzerland</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><label>Mailing Address:</label><bold>Ashish H. Shah &#8226;</bold> Cardiology department - St Boniface Hospital - 409, Tache Avenue, Winnipeg, MB, R2H 2A6 - Canada E-mail: <email>ashah5@sbgh.mb.ca</email>, <email>Ashish.Shah@UManitoba.ca</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <label>Potential conflict of interest</label>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <label>Editor responsible for the review:</label>
          <p>Nuno Bettencourt</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Patent Foramen Ovale</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypoxia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A 78-year-old woman with known ischemic cardiomyopathy underwent elective implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) lead extraction and a new lead implantation. Within 2 hours post-procedure, she experienced expressive dysphasia and right hemiplegia, which was confirmed to be due to an ischemic stroke on a brain CT scan. Additionally, the patient developed resting hypoxemia with oxygen saturation of 87-88% on room air that only partially improved with high-flow oxygen.</p>
      <p>Further investigation revealed a right-to-left shunt through a patent foramen ovale (PFO) on a trans-thoracic echocardiogram (TTE). Previous TTE examinations over the past 5 years did not show any valvular pathology or right-to-left shunt through the PFO. The patient was on direct oral anticoagulant therapy for atrial fibrillation, which was electively stopped 2 days before the procedure, and low molecular weight heparin was initiated as a bridging therapy.</p>
      <p>The stroke was suspected to be caused by embolization of a blood clot or fibrin from the extracted ICD lead, a known procedural complication. Whereas hypoxemia was thought to be due to distortion of cardiac structure, particularly the relationship between the superior vena cava (SVC) and inferior vena cava (IVC), which can result in altered vortex formation in the right atrium and facilitate right-to-left shunting (Panel A; Video 1).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As the patient remained persistently hypoxemic due to the PFO-mediated right-to-left shunt and was bedbound due to the stroke, she underwent transcatheter intervention. The right atrial mean pressure was 8 mmHg, whereas the left atrial mean pressure was 11 mmHg. The right atrial angiogram confirmed the shunting of blood to the left atrium through the PFO (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 1A</xref>; <xref ref-type="other" rid="f5">Video 1</xref>). Bilateral pulmonary venous oxygen saturation was 96-97%, while aortic saturation was 88%, confirming the hypoxemia was due to the right-to-left shunt. Systemic saturation normalized after balloon occlusion of the PFO (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 1B</xref>; <xref ref-type="other" rid="f5">Video 1</xref>). The patient then underwent transcatheter closure of the PFO using an Amplatzer&#174; 25 mm PFO occluder device. A residual leak through the PFO was observed after device deployment, however, her systemic oxygen saturation remained 94-95% on room air (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 1C</xref>; <xref ref-type="other" rid="f6">Video 2</xref>). Especially among patients undergoing transcatheter closure of PFO treating right-to-left shunt, our previous publication described (1) frequent residual leak, (2) normalization of systemic hypoxemia despite the residual leak, (3) frequent need for non-PFO device use, and (4) horizontal device position, likely corroborating with distorted interatrial septal anatomy.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <fig id="f4">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale treating right to left shunt mediated hypoxia. Panel A) Right atrial angiogram demonstrating right to left shunting through patent foramen ovale; Panel B) balloon occlusion of patent foramen ovale; Panel C) transcatheter PFO closure. The white broken arrow describes the flow in SVC and IVC; the curved arrow describes the flow in the right atrium and the blue arrow describes the flow through PFO.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-08-e20240303-40303-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      <media id="f5" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/NNCy8SVYvQbcqsPGYpt5R6S/9a5cdff9345390e468760fdaf6ce727bf0951efe.mp4">
        <label>Video 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Right atrial angiogram demonstrating right to left shunt. Link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12108/2024-0303_video_01.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12108/2024-0303_video_01.mp4</ext-link> </title>
        </caption>
      </media>
      <media id="f6" mime-subtype="mp4" mimetype="video" xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/NNCy8SVYvQbcqsPGYpt5R6S/72feeade88164dbb4f3177f687d3306e406a0250.mp4">
        <label>Video 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale with residual shunt through the Amplatzer&#174; PFO closure device. Link: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12108/2024-0303_video_02.mp4">http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2024/12108/2024-0303_video_02.mp4</ext-link> </title>
        </caption>
      </media>
      <p>Among patients with implantable cardiac devices, the presence of PFO is an independent risk factor for stroke.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The case highlights a rare occurrence of PFO-mediated right-to-left shunting of blood and its content post-ICD lead extraction that is usually seen after thoraco-abdominal surgeries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Treating physicians should be cognizant of such PFO-associated pathologies, as transcatheter intervention can effectively eliminate PFO-mediated right-to-left shunt as well as systemic embolization.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure" id="fn4">
          <label>Sources of funding</label>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <label>Study association</label>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <label>Ethics approval and consent to participate</label>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
