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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">FHFSrYkmTfT3y6r9Jq5djXK</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000800302</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00302</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230659</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Alopurinol Versus Trimetazidina para o Tratamento da Angina: Ensaio Cl&#237;nico Randomizado</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1194-8246</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Viana</surname>
            <given-names>Tain&#225;</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Morel Vieira de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role> An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Azevedo</surname>
            <given-names>Diogo Freitas Cardoso</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role> Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7722-9087</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Clara Salles</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santana</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3700-4924</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Damasceno</surname>
            <given-names>Luanna Mota</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-4076-7796</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Latado</surname>
            <given-names>Luisa</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tambuque</surname>
            <given-names>Ludmila</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Raissa</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Passos</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Ana Nery Hospital</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Ana Nery Hospital, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Tain&#225; Viana &#8226; Universidade Federal da Bahia &#8211; Departamento de Medicina &#8211; Rua Dom Jo&#227;o VI, 800 Cond. P&#225;tio Jardins, torre A, 1504. CEP 40290-901, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>tainaviana@yahoo.com.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230659</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> Recentemente, foi demonstrado que o alopurinol, um inibidor da xantina oxidase, possui propriedades cardiovasculares e anti-isqu&#234;micas e pode ser uma op&#231;&#227;o de agente antianginoso metab&#243;lico.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo</title>
          <p> O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito antianginoso do alopurinol como terceiro medicamento para pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) est&#225;vel.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Trata-se de um ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado entre 2018 e 2020 incluindo pacientes com DAC que mantiveram angina apesar da otimiza&#231;&#227;o inicial com betabloqueadores e bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio. Os indiv&#237;duos foram randomizados 1:1 para 300 mg de alopurinol 2 vezes ao dia ou 35 mg de trimetazidina 2 vezes ao dia. O desfecho principal foi a diferen&#231;a no dom&#237;nio da frequ&#234;ncia da angina do Question&#225;rio de Angina de Seattle (QAS-FA). Foram considerados estatisticamente significativos valores de probabilidade (p) &lt; 0,05.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Foram inclu&#237;dos 108 pacientes na fase de randomiza&#231;&#227;o, com 54 (50%) no grupo alopurinol e 54 (50%) no grupo trimetazidina. Seis (5,6%) indiv&#237;duos, 3 de cada grupo, foram perdidos no seguimento para o desfecho prim&#225;rio. Nos grupos de alopurinol e trimetazidina, as pontua&#231;&#245;es medianas do QAS-FA foram 50 (30,0 a 70,0) e 50 (21,3 a 78,3), respectivamente. Em ambos os grupos, a pontua&#231;&#227;o do QAS-FA melhorou, mas a mediana da diferen&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; linha de base foi menor no grupo alopurinol (10 [0 a 30] versus 20 [10 a 40]; p &lt; 0,001), assim como a m&#233;dia da diferen&#231;a na pontua&#231;&#227;o total do QAS (12,8 &#177; 17,8 versus 21,2 &#177; 15,9; p = 0,014).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> Tanto o alopurinol quanto a trimetazidina melhoraram o controle dos sintomas de angina; no entanto, a trimetazidina apresentou um ganho maior em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; linha de base. <bold>Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Cl&#237;nicos &#8211; N&#250;mero de Registro RBR-5kh98y</bold></p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Alopurinol</kwd>
        <kwd>Trimetazidina</kwd>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Angina Pectoris</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="6"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="20"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figura Central</label>
        <caption>
          <title>: Alopurinol Versus Trimetazidina para o Tratamento da Angina: Ensaio Cl&#237;nico Randomizado</title>
        </caption>
        <attrib>Alopurinol e trimetazidina melhoraram o controle dos sintomas de angina; no entanto, a trimetazidina levou a ganhos maiores em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; linha de base. BB: betabloqueador; BCC: bloqueador dos canais de c&#225;lcio; BID: 2 vezes ao dia; QAS: Question&#225;rio de Angina de Seattle.</attrib>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-08-e20230659-30659-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Com os avan&#231;os no tratamento de fatores de risco para a doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica, v&#225;rios estudos t&#234;m demonstrado a efic&#225;cia dos tratamentos cl&#237;nicos como a escolha inicial para doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC).<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup> As prioridades neste contexto s&#227;o o controle dos fatores de risco e a melhora sintom&#225;tica da angina.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As diretrizes atuais recomendam o uso de betabloqueadores e bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio como medicamentos iniciais para o al&#237;vio dos sintomas de angina.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> Os agentes de segunda linha incluem trimetazidina, ivabradina e nitratos de a&#231;&#227;o prolongada. O alopurinol, um inibidor da xantina oxidase, demonstrou propriedades cardiovasculares e anti-isqu&#234;micas.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>-<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> Em um estudo anterior, 300 mg de alopurinol 2 vezes ao dia aumentaram o tempo at&#233; a depress&#227;o do segmento ST e o tempo total no teste ergom&#233;trico.<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Entretanto, estudos que avaliaram o efeito do alopurinol na DAC utilizaram desfechos laboratoriais ou altera&#231;&#245;es em exames diagn&#243;sticos como desfecho prim&#225;rio.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>-<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> A preval&#234;ncia de angina ou eventos cardiovasculares foi avaliada apenas como desfecho secund&#225;rio; portanto, &#233; necess&#225;rio realizar estudos que avaliem, de maneira prim&#225;ria e sistem&#225;tica, o efeito do medicamento na angina, que &#233; o sintoma de maior impacto em pacientes com DAC est&#225;vel.</p>
      <p>O objetivo do estudo ATTRACT (Alopurinol versus Trimetazidina como Terceiro Medicamento para o Tratamento da Angina: Ensaio Cl&#237;nico Randomizado) &#233; comparar o alopurinol versus a trimetazidina como terceiro medicamento para controle da angina em pacientes com DAC e angina est&#225;vel refrat&#225;ria &#224;s doses m&#225;ximas toleradas de betabloqueadores e bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Trata-se de um ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado e unic&#234;ntrico que incluiu pacientes com sintomas de angina de um ambulat&#243;rio especializado em DAC entre 2018 e 2020.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Pacientes</title>
        <p>Foram convidados a participar pacientes maiores de 18 anos com DAC est&#225;vel diagnosticada por meio de cateterismo card&#237;aco que revelasse pelo menos 1 art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria epic&#225;rdica com estenose superior a 70%, atendidos no ambulat&#243;rio de um hospital de refer&#234;ncia. A angiografia coron&#225;ria foi realizada no contexto de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda (SCA) pr&#233;via ou no contexto de doen&#231;a coron&#225;ria est&#225;vel com elevada probabilidade de DAC ou sintomas persistentes. Todos os pacientes forneceram consentimento informado por escrito.</p>
        <p>Os pacientes receberam tratamento cl&#237;nico otimizado com um betabloqueador na dose m&#225;xima tolerada e um antagonista dos canais de c&#225;lcio diidropirid&#237;nico.</p>
        <p>Os crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o foram SCA nos &#250;ltimos 3 meses, revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica cir&#250;rgica ou percut&#226;nea programada, obstru&#231;&#227;o de tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda &gt; 50%, angina assintom&#225;tica ap&#243;s otimiza&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica inicial, disfun&#231;&#227;o hepatocelular, doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica com depura&#231;&#227;o de creatinina menor que 30 ml/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>, artrite gotosa que justificasse o uso do alopurinol e recusa em participar do estudo e/ou assinar o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Delineamento do estudo</title>
        <p>Os pacientes foram submetidos a um per&#237;odo de 1 semana de <italic>run-in</italic> com o uso de um agente betabloqueador combinado com um antagonista dos canais de c&#225;lcio do tipo diidropirid&#237;nico em doses otimizadas. Os medicamentos foram acrescentados ou, quando o medicamento j&#225; estava em uso, as doses anteriormente utilizadas foram otimizadas at&#233; a dose m&#225;xima tolerada. Ao final desse per&#237;odo, os pacientes que permaneceram sintom&#225;ticos foram randomizados (1:1) eletronicamente usando software para randomiza&#231;&#227;o permutada em blocos para receber 1 dos seguintes medicamentos: trimetazidina (35 mg duas vezes ao dia) ou alopurinol (300 mg duas vezes ao dia). Durante o per&#237;odo do estudo, outros medicamentos n&#227;o foram introduzidos e as doses n&#227;o foram ajustadas.</p>
        <p>Os pacientes n&#227;o foram cegados quanto ao grupo de interven&#231;&#227;o no qual foram alocados, mas o pesquisador respons&#225;vel pela avalia&#231;&#227;o da angina e aplica&#231;&#227;o dos question&#225;rios estava cego quanto &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da angina</title>
        <p>Os pacientes foram avaliados 30 dias ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio da terapia designada. O desfecho prim&#225;rio avaliado foi a diferen&#231;a na pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia do Question&#225;rio de Angina de Seattle (QAS) no dom&#237;nio da frequ&#234;ncia da angina (QAS-FA) 30 dias ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio do tratamento.</p>
        <p>O question&#225;rio possui 19 itens que avaliam 5 dom&#237;nios do estado de sa&#250;de relacionados &#224; DAC, com pontua&#231;&#245;es que variam de 0 a 100; pontua&#231;&#245;es mais altas indicam menos sintomas e melhor estado de sa&#250;de.<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Os desfechos secund&#225;rios avaliados foram a diferen&#231;a na pontua&#231;&#227;o total obtida para os 5 dom&#237;nios do QAS (QAS total) em 30 dias; n&#250;mero de epis&#243;dios semanais de angina; quantidade de nitroglicerina sublingual de curta a&#231;&#227;o utilizada semanalmente; e qualidade de vida de acordo com a pontua&#231;&#227;o do Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), no seguimento de 30 dias.</p>
        <p>O question&#225;rio SF-36 &#233; composto por 36 itens correspondentes a 8 dom&#237;nios; pontua&#231;&#245;es mais altas indicam melhor percep&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de, fun&#231;&#227;o preservada e aus&#234;ncia de dor.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Tamanho amostral</title>
        <p>O tamanho amostral foi calculado a partir de um estudo anterior que incluiu pacientes com angina est&#225;vel e utilizou a pontua&#231;&#227;o do QAS-FA como desfecho.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> Uma amostra de 108 pacientes (54 pacientes em cada bra&#231;o de tratamento do estudo) foi calculada para observar uma diferen&#231;a de 20% entre grupos no desfecho prim&#225;rio, estimando poder de estudo de 80% e erro alfa de 5%.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
        <p>O presente estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica da institui&#231;&#227;o onde foi realizado (CAAE: 93752618.9.0000.0045) e est&#225; registrado no Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Cl&#237;nicos (N&#250;mero de Registro RBR-5kh98y). Todos os procedimentos foram realizados de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinque.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>O teste de Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov foi utilizado para verificar a distribui&#231;&#227;o normal das vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas. As vari&#225;veis com distribui&#231;&#227;o normal s&#227;o apresentadas como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o (DP), e os dados com distribui&#231;&#227;o assim&#233;trica s&#227;o apresentados como mediana e percentis 25 e 75. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas s&#227;o apresentadas como frequ&#234;ncia e porcentagem. As compara&#231;&#245;es das vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram realizadas por meio do teste do qui-quadrado. A compara&#231;&#227;o das pontua&#231;&#245;es dos dom&#237;nios entre a linha de base e o seguimento foi realizada por meio do teste t pareado para vari&#225;veis com distribui&#231;&#227;o param&#233;trica e do teste de Wilcoxon para aquelas com distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o param&#233;trica. A compara&#231;&#227;o da diferen&#231;a nos escores dos dom&#237;nios entre os grupos de interven&#231;&#227;o no seguimento foi realizada por meio do teste t de amostras independentes para vari&#225;veis com distribui&#231;&#227;o param&#233;trica e do teste de Mann&#8211;Whitney para aquelas com distribui&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o param&#233;trica. Foram considerados estatisticamente significativos valores de probabilidade (p) &lt; 0,05. Foi utilizado o Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) vers&#227;o 20.0 para an&#225;lise dos dados.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>Um total de 205 pacientes com DAC e angina foram avaliados para inclus&#227;o no estudo, 125 (61%) dos quais foram inclu&#237;dos na fase inicial; os demais foram exclu&#237;dos por j&#225; estarem em uso de 3 ou mais antianginosos, apresentarem SCA h&#225; menos de 3 meses, obstru&#231;&#227;o de tronco de coron&#225;ria esquerda &#8805; 50% ou indica&#231;&#227;o de uso de alopurinol por artrite gotosa (<xref rid="f02" ref-type="fig">Figura 1</xref>). Ap&#243;s um per&#237;odo m&#237;nimo de 1 semana em uso de betabloqueadores e bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio em doses otimizadas, 17 (13,6%) indiv&#237;duos estavam livres de sintomas de angina. Os 108 pacientes restantes foram inclu&#237;dos na fase de randomiza&#231;&#227;o, sendo 54 (50%) randomizados para o grupo alopurinol e 54 (50%) para o grupo trimetazidina. Seis (5,6%) indiv&#237;duos, 3 de cada grupo, foram perdidos no seguimento para o desfecho prim&#225;rio. Tr&#234;s (2,8%) pacientes descontinuaram o uso da medica&#231;&#227;o durante o seguimento, sendo 2 do grupo alopurinol e 1 do grupo trimetazidina. O motivo da descontinua&#231;&#227;o foram efeitos colaterais menores envolvendo o trato gastrointestinal.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Fluxograma dos pacientes avaliados e inclu&#237;dos no run-in, randomiza&#231;&#227;o e seguimento.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-08-e20230659-30659-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>As caracter&#237;sticas de linha de base dos pacientes s&#227;o apresentadas na <xref rid="t1" ref-type="table">Tabela 1</xref>. A m&#233;dia de idade foi de 60,2 &#177; 8,6 anos; 60 (55,6%) participantes eram do sexo masculino; 100 (93,5%) participantes foram diagnosticados com hipertens&#227;o, 62 (57,9%) com diabetes mellitus, 54 (50,0%) com SCA no &#250;ltimo ano e 40 (37,0%) participantes foram submetidos a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica cir&#250;rgica ou percut&#226;nea. N&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a nas caracter&#237;sticas basais entre os grupos.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas basais e apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
                <th>Alopurinol N = 54</th>
                <th>Trimetazidina N = 54</th>
                <th>p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Sexo masculino, n (%)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">32 (59,3%)</td>
                <td align="center">28 (51,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,562</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Idade (anos), m&#233;dia &#177; DP</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">60,3 &#177;8,1</td>
                <td align="center">60,1 &#177;9,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,912</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Comorbidades</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> Hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (92,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (92,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,999</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> Diabetes mellitus, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (57,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">31 (57,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,999</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> AVC, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (9,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (3,7%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,270</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> SCA no &#250;ltimo ano, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">15 (27,8%)</td>
                <td align="center">16 (29,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,999</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica pr&#233;via, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">17 (31,5%)</td>
                <td align="center">23 (42,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,411</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> FEVE, m&#233;dia &#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">58,8 &#177;11,7</td>
                <td align="center">61,5 &#177;11,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,243</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> Angina, CCS III/IV, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">26 (48,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">21 (38,9%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,554</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> FC (bpm), m&#233;dia &#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">72,2 &#177;10,6</td>
                <td align="center">72,4 &#177;12,2</td>
                <td align="center">0,908</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> PAS (mmHg), m&#233;dia &#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">133,3 &#177;19,3</td>
                <td align="center">133,8 &#177;22,1</td>
                <td align="center">0,906</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> Isquemia na SPECT (%), m&#233;dia &#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">8,5 &#177;10,9</td>
                <td align="center">6,5 &#177;7,4</td>
                <td align="center">0,413</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> Art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria com obstru&#231;&#227;o &#8805; 70%, m&#233;dia &#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">2,1 &#177;0,7</td>
                <td align="center">2,2 &#177;0,8</td>
                <td align="center">0,575</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="4">
                  <bold>Medicamentos</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> AAS, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (100%)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (100%)</td>
                <td align="center">- -</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> Estatina, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">53 (98,1%)</td>
                <td align="center">54 (100%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,999</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> IECA/BRA, n (%)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (96,6%)</td>
                <td align="center">51 (94,4%)</td>
                <td align="center">0,999</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>AAS: &#225;cido acetilsalic&#237;lico; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; BRA: bloqueador dos receptores da angiotensina; CCS: classifica&#231;&#227;o da Canadian Cardiovascular Society; DP: desvio padr&#227;o; DRC: doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica; FC: frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; IECA: inibidor da enzima conversora de angiotensina; PAS: press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica; SCA: s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda; SPECT: tomografia computadorizada por emiss&#227;o de f&#243;ton &#250;nico.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Angina grau III/IV da Canadian Cardiovascular Society estava presente em 47 (43,5%) participantes na avalia&#231;&#227;o inicial. A mediana da pontua&#231;&#227;o do QAS-FA foi 50 (20 a 70) e a m&#233;dia da pontua&#231;&#227;o do QAS total foi 42,4 &#177; 19,1. Nos grupos alopurinol e trimetazidina, as medianas da pontua&#231;&#227;o do QAS-FA foram 50 (30 a 70) e 50 (21,3 a 78,3), respectivamente, e as m&#233;dias da pontua&#231;&#227;o do QAS total foram 43,5 &#177; 18,5 e 41,4 &#177; 20,0, respectivamente.</p>
      <p>Em ambos os grupos, a pontua&#231;&#227;o para todos os dom&#237;nios melhorou em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; linha de base, exceto a satisfa&#231;&#227;o com o tratamento no grupo alopurinol (<xref rid="t2" ref-type="table">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Efeito do alopurinol e da trimetazidina nas pontua&#231;&#245;es dos dom&#237;nios do Question&#225;rio de Angina de Seattle (QAS), epis&#243;dios semanais de angina</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
                <th colspan="2">Alopurinol</th>
                <th colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
                <th colspan="2">Trimetazidina</th>
                <th colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="2">
                  <hr/>
                </th>
                <th colspan="2">
                  <hr/>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th>Linha de base</th>
                <th>Seguimento</th>
                <th>p</th>
                <th>Linha de base</th>
                <th>Seguimento</th>
                <th>p</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Limita&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica, mediana (25 a 75)</td>
                <td align="center">38,9 (27,1-53,5)</td>
                <td align="center">44,4 (30,6-78,4)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001*</td>
                <td align="center">38,9 (27,8-52,8)</td>
                <td align="center">55,5 (39,2-77,1)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001 *</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Estabilidade da angina, mediana (25 a 75)</td>
                <td align="center">50,0 (25,0-75,0)</td>
                <td align="center">75,0 (50,0-100,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,027 *</td>
                <td align="center">50,0 (6,25-75,0)</td>
                <td align="center">87,5 (75,0-100,0)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001 *</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Frequ&#234;ncia da angina, mediana (25 a 75)</td>
                <td align="center">50,0 (30,0-70,0)</td>
                <td align="center">65,0 (47,5-80)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001 *</td>
                <td align="center">50,0 (21,3-73,8)</td>
                <td align="center">80,0 60,0-90,0</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001 *</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Satisfa&#231;&#227;o com o tratamento, mediana (25 a 75)</td>
                <td align="center">87,5 (73,5-100,0)</td>
                <td align="center">93,8 (73,5-100,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,602 *</td>
                <td align="center">87,5 (75,0-100,0)</td>
                <td align="center">93,8 (81,3-100,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,018 *</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Percep&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a, mediana (25 a 75)</td>
                <td align="center">41,7 (25,0-60,4)</td>
                <td align="center">58,3 (33,3-75,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,001 *</td>
                <td align="center">33,3 (25,0-64,6)</td>
                <td align="center">62,2 (33,3-89,6)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001 *</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>QAS total, m&#233;dia &#177; DP</td>
                <td align="center">43,7 &#177; 18,5</td>
                <td align="center">56,5 &#177; 22,3</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001 &#8224;</td>
                <td align="center">42,7 &#177; 19,7</td>
                <td align="center">63,9 &#177; 23,1</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001 &#8224;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Epis&#243;dios de angina/semana, mediana (25 a 75)</td>
                <td align="center">5 (3-7)</td>
                <td align="center">4 (3-7)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
                <td align="center">3 (1-5,5)</td>
                <td align="center">2 (0,9-3)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001*</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>* Teste de Wilcoxon; &#8224; teste t de amostras dependentes. QAS: Question&#225;rio de Angina de Seattle.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>A diferen&#231;a mediana em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; linha de base para a pontua&#231;&#227;o do QAS-FA foi menor no grupo alopurinol (10 [0 a 30] versus 20 [10 a 40]; p &lt; 0,001), assim como a diferen&#231;a m&#233;dia no escore QAS total (12,8 &#177; 17,8 versus 21,2 &#177; 15,9; p = 0,014). Tamb&#233;m foi observada diferen&#231;a no dom&#237;nio de estabilidade (<xref rid="f03" ref-type="fig">Figura 2</xref>). Tanto o alopurinol quanto a trimetazidina reduziram os epis&#243;dios semanais de angina (<xref rid="t2" ref-type="table">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f03">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Diferen&#231;a nos dom&#237;nios do Question&#225;rio de Angina de Seattle (QAS) em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; linha de base nos grupos alopurinol e trimetazidina.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-08-e20230659-30659-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Na avalia&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de vida do SF-36, o grupo alopurinol melhorou apenas no dom&#237;nio de aspecto f&#237;sico, e o grupo trimetazidina melhorou em todos os dom&#237;nios, exceto vitalidade e estado geral de sa&#250;de (<xref rid="t3" ref-type="table">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Efeito do alopurinol e da trimetazidina nas pontua&#231;&#245;es dos dom&#237;nios do SF-36</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
                <th colspan="2">Alopurinol</th>
                <th colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" valign="bottom"> </th>
                <th colspan="2">Trimetazidina</th>
                <th colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="2">
                  <hr/>
                </th>
                <th colspan="2">
                  <hr/>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th>Linha de base</th>
                <th>Seguimento</th>
                <th colspan="1" style="font-weight:normal" valign="bottom">p *</th>
                <th>Linha de base</th>
                <th>Seguimento</th>
                <th>p *</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Capacidade funcional, mediana</td>
                <td align="center">35 (15-55)</td>
                <td align="center">35 (25-59)</td>
                <td align="center">0,374</td>
                <td align="center">35 (20-50)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (35-75)</td>
                <td align="center">0,003</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Apar&#234;ncia f&#237;sica, mediana</td>
                <td align="center">25 (0-25)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (25-75)</td>
                <td align="center">0,015</td>
                <td align="center">25 (0-25)</td>
                <td align="center">25 (0-75)</td>
                <td align="center">0,002</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Aspectos emocionais, mediana</td>
                <td align="center">67 (33-100)</td>
                <td align="center">67 (33-100)</td>
                <td align="center">0,766</td>
                <td align="center">33 (0-100)</td>
                <td align="center">67 (33-100)</td>
                <td align="center">0,022</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Vitalidade, mediana</td>
                <td align="center">55 (35-70)</td>
                <td align="center">50 (30-69)</td>
                <td align="center">0,880</td>
                <td align="center">45 (15-75)</td>
                <td align="center">55 (30-70)</td>
                <td align="center">0,163</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sa&#250;de mental, mediana</td>
                <td align="center">66 (37-84)</td>
                <td align="center">64 (37-84)</td>
                <td align="center">0,722</td>
                <td align="center">52 (48-76)</td>
                <td align="center">72 (48-84)</td>
                <td align="center">0,049</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Aspectos sociais, mediana</td>
                <td align="center">75 (41-100)</td>
                <td align="center">75 (25-100)</td>
                <td align="center">0,837</td>
                <td align="center">63 (50-100)</td>
                <td align="center">88 (50-100)</td>
                <td align="center">0,019</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dor, mediana</td>
                <td align="center">35 (23-47)</td>
                <td align="center">55 (33-70)</td>
                <td align="center">0,074</td>
                <td align="center">33 (23-45)</td>
                <td align="center">55 (33-70)</td>
                <td align="center">&lt;0,001</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Estado geral de sa&#250;de, mediana</td>
                <td align="center">47 (31-62)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (41-72)</td>
                <td align="center">0,163</td>
                <td align="center">45 (32-67)</td>
                <td align="center">52 (30-77)</td>
                <td align="center">0,305</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>* Teste de Wilcoxon.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>N&#227;o houve efeitos colaterais graves em nenhum dos pacientes inclu&#237;dos. Sete (6,5%) indiv&#237;duos apresentaram n&#225;useas, v&#244;mitos ou distens&#227;o abdominal, 4 com alopurinol e 3 com trimetazidina. Desses participantes, 3 descontinuaram o uso da medica&#231;&#227;o por causa dos sintomas: 2 no grupo alopurinol e 1 no grupo trimetazidina. Todos os pacientes apresentaram resolu&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas ao longo do seguimento.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>No estudo ATTRACT, o alopurinol e a trimetazidina melhoraram os sintomas de angina, avaliados pela pontua&#231;&#227;o QAS; no entanto, a trimetazidina apresentou um ganho maior em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; linha de base. A diferen&#231;a ocorreu devido a melhorias mais significativas nos dom&#237;nios de frequ&#234;ncia e estabilidade.</p>
      <p>Este &#233; um dos poucos ensaios cl&#237;nicos que comparou 2 antianginosos com mecanismos metab&#243;licos e que avaliou o efeito do alopurinol na angina.<sup><xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>,<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> Ambos s&#227;o medicamentos amplamente utilizados com perfis de seguran&#231;a satisfat&#243;rios; notavelmente, o alopurinol &#233; uma terapia de baixo custo que tem mostrado resultados promissores em um estudo anterior.</p>
      <p>V&#225;rios ensaios cl&#237;nicos demonstraram que n&#227;o h&#225; superioridade entre tratamentos intervencionistas e tratamento cir&#250;rgico ou percut&#226;neo em pacientes com DAC est&#225;vel em rela&#231;&#227;o a desfechos cardiovasculares maiores (morte e infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio).<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup> No entanto, faltam ensaios cl&#237;nicos que avaliem a efic&#225;cia de agentes antianginosos.<sup><xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em um cen&#225;rio de aumento da expectativa de vida de indiv&#237;duos com DAC e de ainda maior relev&#226;ncia da terapia cl&#237;nica, &#233; de extrema import&#226;ncia a realiza&#231;&#227;o de estudos como este, que visem melhorar o tratamento cl&#237;nico para o controle dos sintomas anginosos e aumentar a qualidade de vida.</p>
      <p>Durante a fase de <italic>run-in</italic>, a maioria dos indiv&#237;duos j&#225; estava em uso de betabloqueadores e/ou bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio, embora em doses n&#227;o otimizadas. Mesmo ap&#243;s a otimiza&#231;&#227;o do tratamento, apenas 15% dos indiv&#237;duos permaneceram livres de angina. Esses dados refor&#231;am a dificuldade em controlar esse sintoma na DAC e a necessidade de estudos que avaliem combina&#231;&#245;es de diferentes classes de medicamentos antianginosos.</p>
      <p>Em nosso estudo, o tratamento com alopurinol resultou em melhora de 10 pontos na pontua&#231;&#227;o do QAS-FA, e o tratamento com trimetazidina levou a uma melhora de 20 pontos. Estudos anteriores relataram melhorias de 17 pontos com ranolazina,<sup><xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup> 12 pontos com atenolol,<sup><xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup> 14 pontos com carvedilol,<sup><xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup> 12 pontos com angioplastia em pacientes com obstru&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica<sup><xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref></sup> e 11 pontos com angioplastia no estudo ORBITA.<sup><xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A trimetazidina deve continuar a ser um agente antianginoso metab&#243;lico de primeira linha, dada sua superioridade na redu&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas anginosos. Por&#233;m, com resultados satisfat&#243;rios, o alopurinol &#233; uma op&#231;&#227;o econ&#244;mica para o controle da angina, principalmente em pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento, pois seu custo proporcional a cada ponto de redu&#231;&#227;o na pontua&#231;&#227;o do QAS-FA &#233; inferior ao da trimetazidina. No contexto atual, a rela&#231;&#227;o custo-efic&#225;cia das interven&#231;&#245;es de sa&#250;de deve ser cada vez mais valorizada.</p>
      <p>Os indiv&#237;duos do grupo alopurinol n&#227;o apresentaram diferen&#231;a na qualidade de vida ap&#243;s o tratamento de acordo com o escore SF-36, apesar de apresentarem melhora no dom&#237;nio de qualidade de vida do QAS. O SF-36, por ser um instrumento amplo, n&#227;o &#233; espec&#237;fico para avalia&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com DAC; o QAS &#233; mais espec&#237;fico para esta doen&#231;a.<sup><xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>,<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></sup> Assim, &#233; poss&#237;vel que as melhorias na qualidade de vida ap&#243;s o uso de alopurinol tenham sido mais aparentes com base em uma escala relacionada &#224; doen&#231;a espec&#237;fica e que o uso de trimetazidina tenha levado a melhorias de um aspecto mais amplo da sa&#250;de em geral.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
        <p>Os fatores limitantes do presente estudo foram a aus&#234;ncia de um grupo placebo e o n&#227;o cegamento dos indiv&#237;duos randomizados quanto &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o. Na aus&#234;ncia de um grupo placebo, as melhorias atribu&#237;das ao uso de alopurinol podem ser explicadas como um poss&#237;vel efeito placebo. Entretanto, em estudos anteriores que avaliaram os escores do QAS-FA em grupos placebo randomizados, houve um aumento de aproximadamente 1,6 a 7,7 pontos.<sup><xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>,<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref></sup> Assim, a magnitude do efeito encontrada para o grupo alopurinol n&#227;o &#233; consistente com o efeito placebo. Embora os pacientes n&#227;o estivessem cegos, os pesquisadores que avaliaram os pacientes e aplicaram o question&#225;rio ficaram cegos quanto &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o, reduzindo a possibilidade de vi&#233;s.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>Tanto o alopurinol quanto a trimetazidina melhoraram o controle dos sintomas de angina; no entanto, a trimetazidina levou a ganhos maiores em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; linha de base. Portanto, ambos s&#227;o op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas como antianginosos, e a trimetazidina deve continuar sendo a op&#231;&#227;o de primeira linha entre os medicamentos metab&#243;licos.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
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        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital Ana Nery sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 3.447.725 / CAAE 93752618.9.0000.0045. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230659i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Allopurinol versus Trimetazidine for the Treatment of Angina: A Randomized Clinical Trial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1194-8246</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Viana</surname>
            <given-names>Tain&#225;</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Melo</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo Morel Vieira de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Azevedo</surname>
            <given-names>Diogo Freitas Cardoso</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7722-9087</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Figueiredo</surname>
            <given-names>Clara Salles</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santana</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3700-4924</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Damasceno</surname>
            <given-names>Luanna Mota</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0005-4076-7796</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Latado</surname>
            <given-names>Luisa</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tambuque</surname>
            <given-names>Ludmila</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Raissa</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Passos</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Carlos Santana</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Ana Nery Hospital, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Tain&#225; Viana &#8226; Universidade Federal da Bahia &#8211; Departamento de Medicina &#8211; Rua Dom Jo&#227;o VI, 800 Cond. P&#225;tio Jardins, torre A, 1504. Postal Code 40290-901, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: tainaviana@yahoo.com.br </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
          <p>Editor responsible for the review: Gl&#225;ucia Maria Moraes de Oliveira</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>Recently, it was demonstrated that allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, has cardiovascular and anti-ischaemic properties and may be a metabolic antianginal agent option.Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the antianginal effect of allopurinol as a third drug for patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p> This was a randomized clinical trial between 2018 and 2020 including patients with CAD who maintained angina despite initial optimization with beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers. The individuals were randomized 1:1 to 300 mg of allopurinol twice daily or 35 mg of trimetazidine twice daily. The main outcome was the difference in the angina frequency domain of the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ-AF). A probability (p) value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> A hundred and eight patients were included in the randomization phase, with 54 (50%) in the allopurinol group and 54 (50%) in the trimetazidine group. Six (5.6%) individuals, 3 from each group, were lost to follow-up for the primary outcome. In the allopurinol and trimetazidine groups, the median SAQ-AF scores were 50 (30.0 to 70.0) and 50 (21.3 to 78.3), respectively. In both groups, the SAQ-AF score improved, but the median of the difference compared to baseline was lower in the allopurinol group (10 [0 to 30] versus 20 [10 to 40]; p &lt; 0.001), as was the mean of the difference in the total SAQ score (12.8 &#177; 17.8 versus 21.2 &#177; 15.9; p = 0.014).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p> Both allopurinol and trimetazidine improved the control of angina symptoms; however, trimetazidine presented a greater gain compared to baseline. <bold>Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials - Registration Number RBR-5kh98y</bold></p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Alopurinol</kwd>
        <kwd>Trimetazidine</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Angina Pectoris</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01001">
          <label>Central Illustration</label>
          <caption>
            <title>: Allopurinol versus Trimetazidine for the Treatment of Angina: A Randomized Clinical Trial</title>
          </caption>
          <attrib>Allopurinol and trimetazidine improved the control of angina symptoms; however, trimetazadine led to greater gains compared to baseline. BB: beta-blocker; BID: twice daily; CCB: calcium channel blocker; SAQ: Seattle Angina Questionnaire.</attrib>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-08-e20230659-30659-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>With advancements in the treatment of risk factors for atherosclerotic disease, several studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of clinical treatments as the initial choice for coronary artery disease (CAD).<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup> The priorities in this context are the control of risk factors and symptomatic improvements in angina.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Current guidelines recommend the use of beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers as the initial drugs for relieving angina symptoms.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> Second-line agents include trimetazidine, ivabradine, and long-acting nitrates. Allopurinol, a xanthine oxidase inhibitor, has demonstrated cardiovascular and anti-ischaemic properties.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>-<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> In a previous study, 300 mg of allopurinol twice daily increased the time to ST-segment depression and the total time in an exercise stress test.<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup></p>
        <p>However, studies that evaluated the effect of allopurinol on CAD used laboratory outcomes or changes in diagnostic tests as the primary outcome.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>-<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> The prevalence of angina or cardiovascular events was evaluated only as secondary outcomes; therefore, it is necessary to conduct studies that evaluate, in a primary and systematic manner, the medication&#8217;s effect on angina, the symptom with the greatest impact on patients with stable CAD.</p>
        <p>The objective of the ATTRACT study (Allopurinol versus Trimetazidine as a Third Drug for the Treatment of Angina: a Randomized Clinical Trial) is to compare allopurinol versus trimetazidine as a third drug to control angina in patients with CAD and stable angina refractory to the maximum tolerated doses of beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>This was a randomized, single-centre clinical trial that included patients with symptoms of angina from a specialized CAD outpatient clinic between 2018 and 2020.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Patients</title>
          <p>Patients older than 18 years of age with stable CAD diagnosed through cardiac catheterization that revealed at least 1 epicardial coronary artery with stenosis greater than 70% treated at the outpatient clinical of a referral hospital were asked to participate. Coronary angiography was performed in the context of previous acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or in the context of stable coronary disease with a high probability of CAD or persistent symptoms. All patients gave written informed consent.</p>
          <p>Patients received clinical treatment optimized with a beta-blocking agent at the maximum tolerated dose and a dihydropyridine calcium channel antagonist.</p>
          <p>The exclusion criteria were ACS in the last 3 months, scheduled surgical or percutaneous myocardial revascularization, obstruction in the left main coronary artery &gt; 50%, asymptomatic angina after initial clinical optimization, hepatocellular dysfunction, chronic kidney disease with creatinine clearance less than 30 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, gouty arthritis that warranted the use of allopurinol, and refusal to participate in the study and/or sign the informed consent form.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Trial procedures</title>
          <p>The patients underwent a minimum of 1-week run-in period with a beta-blocking agent combined with a dihydropyridine-type calcium channel antagonist at optimized doses. The drugs were added or, when the medication was already used, the previously used doses were optimized until the maximum tolerated dose. At the end of this period, patients who remained symptomatic were randomized (1:1) electronically using software for block-permuted randomization to receive 1 of the following medications: trimetazidine (35 mg twice daily) or allopurinol (300 mg twice daily). During the study period, other medications were not introduced, and doses were not adjusted.</p>
          <p>The patients were not blinded to the intervention group they were allocated to, but the researcher responsible for assessing angina and applying the questionnaires was blinded to the intervention.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Evaluation of angina</title>
          <p>The patients were evaluated 30 days after the beginning of the designated therapy. The primary outcome evaluated was the difference in the mean score on the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) in the angina frequency domain (SAQ-AF) 30 days after the beginning of treatment.</p>
          <p>The questionnaire has 19 items that measure 5 health status domains related to CAD, with scores ranging from 0 to 100; higher scores indicate fewer symptoms and a better health status.<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup></p>
          <p>The secondary outcomes evaluated were the difference in the total score obtained for the 5 SAQ domains (total SAQ) at 30 days; number of weekly episodes of angina; amount of short-acting sublingual nitroglycerin used weekly; and quality of life according to Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) score, at the 30-day follow-up.</p>
          <p>The SF-36 questionnaire consists of 36 items corresponding to 8 domains; higher scores indicate better perception of health, preserved function, and absence of pain.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Sample size</title>
          <p>The sample size was calculated from a previous study that included patients with stable angina and used the SAQ-AF score as an outcome.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> A sample of 108 patients (54 patients in each treatment arm of the study) was calculated to observe a difference of 20% between groups in the primary outcome, estimating a study power of 80% and alpha error of 5%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Ethical aspects</title>
          <p>This study was approved by the ethics committee of the institution where it was conducted (CAAE: 93752618.9.0000.0045), and it is registered in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (Registration Number RBR-5kh98y). All procedures were performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>The Kolmogorov&#8211;Smirnov test was used to verify the normal distribution of continuous variables. Variables with a normal distribution are reported as means and standard deviations (SD), and data with a nonsymmetric distribution are reported as medians and 25th and 75th percentiles. Categorical variables are reported as frequencies and percentages. Comparisons of categorical variables were performed using the chi-square test. The comparison of domain scores between baseline and follow-up was performed using the paired t test for variables with a parametric distribution and the Wilcoxon test for those with a nonparametric distribution. The comparison of the difference in domain scores between the intervention groups at follow-up was performed using the t test of independent samples for variables with a parametric distribution and the Mann&#8211;Whitney test for those with a nonparametric distribution. A probability (p) value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 was used for data analysis.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>A total of 205 patients with CAD and angina were evaluated for inclusion in the study, 125 (61%) of whom were included in the run-in phase; the others were excluded because they were already using 3 or more antianginal drugs, presented ACS in less than 3 months, left main coronary obstruction &#8805; 50%, or indications for the use of allopurinol due to gouty arthritis (<xref rid="f02001" ref-type="fig">Figure 1</xref>). After a minimum period of 1 week using beta-blockers and calcium channel blockers at optimized doses, 17 (13.6%) individuals were free of angina symptoms. The remaining 108 patients were included in the randomization phase, with 54 (50%) randomized to the allopurinol group and 54 (50%) to the trimetazidine group. Six (5.6%) individuals, 3 from each group, were lost to follow-up for the primary outcome. Three (2.8%) patients discontinued the use of the medication during follow-up, 2 from the allopurinol group and 1 from the trimetazidine group. The reason for discontinuation was minor side effects involving the gastrointestinal tract.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Flowchart of the patients evaluated and included in the run-in, randomization, and follow-up.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-08-e20230659-30659-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The baseline characteristics of the patients are provided in <xref rid="t1001" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>. The mean age was 60.2 &#177; 8.6 years; 60 (55.6%) participants were male; 100 (93.5%) participants were diagnosed with hypertension, 62 (57.9%) with diabetes mellitus, 54 (50.0%) with ACS in the past year, and 40 (37.0%) participants underwent surgical or percutaneous myocardial revascularization. There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the groups.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Baseline characteristics and clinical presentation</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
                  <th>Allopurinol N = 54</th>
                  <th>Trimetazidine N = 54</th>
                  <th>p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Male, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">32 (59.3%)</td>
                  <td align="center">28 (51.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.562</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Age (years), mean &#177; SD</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">60.3 &#177;8.1</td>
                  <td align="center">60.1 &#177;9.2</td>
                  <td align="center">0.912</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Comorbidities</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> Systemic arterial hypertension, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (92.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (92.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.999</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> Diabetes mellitus, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (57.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (57.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.999</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> Stroke, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (9.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (3.7%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.270</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> ACS in the last year, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (27.8%)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (29.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.999</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> Previous myocardial revascularization, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (31.5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (42.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.411</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> LVEF, mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center">58.8 &#177;11.7</td>
                  <td align="center">61.5 &#177;11.2</td>
                  <td align="center">0.243</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Clinical presentation</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> Angina, CCS III/IV, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (48.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (38.9%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.554</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> HR (bpm), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center">72.2 &#177;10.6</td>
                  <td align="center">72.4 &#177;12.2</td>
                  <td align="center">0.908</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> SBP (mmHg), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center">133.3 &#177;19.3</td>
                  <td align="center">133.8 &#177;22.1</td>
                  <td align="center">0.906</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> Ischemia in SPECT (%), mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center">8.5 &#177;10.9</td>
                  <td align="center">6.5 &#177;7.4</td>
                  <td align="center">0.413</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> Coronary artery with obstruction &#8805; 70%, mean &#177;SD</td>
                  <td align="center">2.1 &#177;0.7</td>
                  <td align="center">2.2 &#177;0.8</td>
                  <td align="center">0.575</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="4">
                    <bold>Medications</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> ASA, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (100%)</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (100%)</td>
                  <td align="center">- -</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> Statin, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">53 (98.1%)</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (100%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.999</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> ACEI/ARB, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (96.6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (94.4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.999</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>ACEI: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ACS: acute coronary syndrome; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker; ASA: acetylsalicylic acid; CCS: Canadian Cardiovascular Society grading; CKD: chronic kidney disease; HR: heart rate; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation; SPECT: single-photon emission computed tomography.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Canadian Cardiovascular Society angina grade III/IV of was present in 47 (43.5%) participants at the initial evaluation; the median SAQ-AF score was 50 (20 to 70), and the mean total SAQ score was 42.4 &#177; 19.1. In the allopurinol and trimetazidine groups, the median SAQ-AF scores were 50 (30 to 70) and 50 (21.3 to 78.3), respectively, and the mean total SAQ scores were 43.5 &#177; 18.5 and 41.4 &#177; 20.0, respectively.</p>
        <p>In both groups, score for all domains improved compared with baseline, except satisfaction with treatment in the allopurinol group (<xref rid="t2001" ref-type="table">Table 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Effect of allopurinol and trimetazidine on Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) domain scores, weekly episodes of angina</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
                  <th colspan="2">Allopurinol</th>
                  <th colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
                  <th colspan="2">Trimetazidine</th>
                  <th colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>Baseline</th>
                  <th>Follow-up</th>
                  <th>p</th>
                  <th>Baseline</th>
                  <th>Follow-up</th>
                  <th>p</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Physical limitation, median (25th - 75th)</td>
                  <td align="center">38.9 (27.1-53.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">44.4 (30.6-78.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001*</td>
                  <td align="center">38.9 (27.8-52.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">55.5 (39.2-77.1)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001 *</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stability of angina, median (25th - 75th)</td>
                  <td align="center">50.0 (25.0-75.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">75.0 (50.0-100.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.027 *</td>
                  <td align="center">50.0 (6.25-75.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">87.5 (75.0-100.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001 *</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Frequency of angina, median (25th - 75th)</td>
                  <td align="center">50.0 (30.0-70.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">65.0 (47.5-80)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001 *</td>
                  <td align="center">50.0 (21.3-73.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">80.0 60.0-90.0</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001 *</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Satisfaction with treatment, median (25th - 75th)</td>
                  <td align="center">87.5 (73.5-100.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">93.8 (73.5-100.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.602 *</td>
                  <td align="center">87.5 (75.0-100.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">93.8 (81.3-100.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.018 *</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Perception of disease, median (25th - 75th)</td>
                  <td align="center">41.7 (25.0-60.4)</td>
                  <td align="center">58.3 (33.3-75.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.001 *</td>
                  <td align="center">33.3 (25.0-64.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">62.2 (33.3-89.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001 *</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>SAQ-total, mean &#177; SD</td>
                  <td align="center">43.7 &#177; 18.5</td>
                  <td align="center">56.5 &#177; 22.3</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001 &#8224;</td>
                  <td align="center">42.7 &#177; 19.7</td>
                  <td align="center">63.9 &#177; 23.1</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001 &#8224;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Angina episodes/week, median (25th - 75th)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (3-7)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (3-7)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (1-5.5)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (0.9-3)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001*</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2001">
                <p>* Wilcoxon test; &#8224; t test of dependent samples. SAQ: Seattle Angina Questionnaire.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>The median difference from baseline for the SAQ-AF score was lower in the allopurinol group (10 [0 to 30] versus 20 [10 to 40]; p &lt; 0.001), as was the mean difference in the total SAQ score (12.8 &#177; 17.8 versus 21.2 &#177; 15.9; p = 0.014). A difference was also observed in the stability domain (<xref rid="f03001" ref-type="fig">Figure 2</xref>). Both allopurinol and trimetazidine reduced the weekly episodes of angina (<xref rid="t2001" ref-type="table">Table 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f03001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Difference in Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) domains compared to baseline in the allopurinol and trimetazidine groups.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-08-e20230659-30659-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>In the SF-36 quality of life assessment, the allopurinol group improved only in the physical aspect domain, and the trimetazidine group improved in all domains, except vitality and general health status (<xref rid="t3001" ref-type="table">Table 3</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3001">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Effect of allopurinol and trimetazidine on SF-36 domain scores</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
                  <th colspan="2">Allopurinol</th>
                  <th colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
                  <th colspan="2">Trimetazidine</th>
                  <th colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal" align="left"> </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th>Baseline</th>
                  <th>Follow-up</th>
                  <th>p *</th>
                  <th>Baseline</th>
                  <th>Follow-up</th>
                  <th>p *</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Functional capacity, median</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (15-55)</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (25-59)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.374</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (20-50)</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (35-75)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.003</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Physical appearance, median</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (0-25)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (25-75)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.015</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (0-25)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (0-75)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.002</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Emotional aspects, median</td>
                  <td align="center">67 (33-100)</td>
                  <td align="center">67 (33-100)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.766</td>
                  <td align="center">33 (0-100)</td>
                  <td align="center">67 (33-100)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.022</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Vitality, median</td>
                  <td align="center">55 (35-70)</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (30-69)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.880</td>
                  <td align="center">45 (15-75)</td>
                  <td align="center">55 (30-70)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.163</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Mental health, median</td>
                  <td align="center">66 (37-84)</td>
                  <td align="center">64 (37-84)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.722</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (48-76)</td>
                  <td align="center">72 (48-84)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.049</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Social aspects, median</td>
                  <td align="center">75 (41-100)</td>
                  <td align="center">75 (25-100)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.837</td>
                  <td align="center">63 (50-100)</td>
                  <td align="center">88 (50-100)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.019</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pain, median</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (23-47)</td>
                  <td align="center">55 (33-70)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.074</td>
                  <td align="center">33 (23-45)</td>
                  <td align="center">55 (33-70)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt;0.001</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>General health status, median</td>
                  <td align="center">47 (31-62)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (41-72)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.163</td>
                  <td align="center">45 (32-67)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (30-77)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.305</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3001">
                <p>* Wilcoxon test.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>There were no serious side effects in any of the included patients. Seven (6.5%) individuals had nausea, vomiting or bloating, 4 with allopurinol and 3 with trimetazidine; of these participants, 3 discontinued the use of the medication because of the symptoms: 2 in the allopurinol group and 1 in the trimetazidine group. All patients exhibited resolution of symptoms throughout follow-up.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>In the ATTRACT study, allopurinol and trimetazidine imroved angina symptoms, as assessed by the SAQ score; however, trimetazidine presented greater gains compared to baseline. The difference was due to more significant improvements in the frequency and stability domains.</p>
        <p>This is one of the few clinical trials that has compared 2 antianginals with metabolic mechanisms and that has evaluated the effect of allopurinol on angina.<sup><xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref>,<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> Both are widely used medications with satisfactory safety profiles; notably, allopurinol is a low-cost therapy that has shown promising results in a previous study.</p>
        <p>Several clinical trials have shown that there is no superiority between interventional treatments and surgical or percutaneous treatment in patients with stable CAD for major cardiovascular outcomes (death and acute myocardial infarction).<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>,<xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,<xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup> However, there is a lack of clinical trials that have evaluated the efficacy of antianginal agents.<sup><xref rid="B11" ref-type="bibr">11</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In a scenario of increased life expectancy of individuals with CAD and even greater relevance of clinical therapy, it is extremely important to conduct studies, such as this one, that aim to improve clinical treatment for the control of anginal symptoms and increase quality of life.</p>
        <p>In the run-in phase, most individuals were already using beta-blockers and/or calcium channel blockers, albeit in non-optimized doses. Even after optimizing treatment, only 15% of individuals remained angina-free. These data reinforce the difficulty of controlling this symptom in CAD and the need for studies evaluating combinations of different classes of anti-anginal drugs.</p>
        <p>In our study, treatment with allopurinol resulted in a 10-point improvement in the SAQ-AF score, and treatment with trimetazidine led to a 20-point improvement. Previous studies reported improvements of 17 points with ranolazine,<sup><xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup> 12 points with atenolol,<sup><xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup> 14 points with carvedilol,<sup><xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup> 12 points with angioplasty in chronic obstruction,<sup><xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref></sup> and 11 points with angioplasty in the ORBITA study.<sup><xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Trimetazidine should remain a first-line metabolic antianginal agent, given its superiority in reducing anginal symptoms. However, with satisfactory results, allopurinol is an inexpensive option for the control of angina, especially in developing countries, because its cost proportional to each point of reduction in the SAQ-AF score is lower than that of trimetazidine. In the current context, the cost-effectiveness of health interventions should be increasingly valued.</p>
        <p>Individuals in the allopurinol group showed no difference in quality of life after treatment according to the SF-36 score, despite showing improvements in the SAQ quality of life domain. The SF-36, as a broad instrument, is not specific for the evaluation of patients with CAD; the SAQ is more specific for this disease.<sup><xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref>,<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref></sup> Thus, it is possible that the improvements in quality of life after the use of allopurinol were more apparent based on a scale related to the specific disease and that the use of trimetazidine led to improvements from a broader aspect of health in general.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Study limitations</title>
          <p>The limiting factors of the present study were the lack of a placebo group and nonblinding to the intervention for randomized individuals. In the absence of a placebo group, the improvements attributed to the use of allopurinol can be explained as a possible placebo effect. However, in previous studies that evaluated SAQ-AF scores in randomized placebo groups, there was an increase of approximately 1.6 to 7.7 points.<sup><xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">17</xref>,<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref></sup> Thus, the magnitude of the effect found for the allopurinol group is not consistent with the placebo effect. Even though the patients were not blinded, the researchers who evaluated the patients and applied the questionnaire were blinded to the intervention, reducing the possibility of bias.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>Both allopurinol and trimetazidine improved the control of angina symptoms; however, trimetazidine led to greater gains compared to baseline. Therefore, both are therapeutic options as antianginal drugs, and trimetazidine should remain the first-line option among metabolic drugs.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study association</p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Tain&#225; Viana, from Universidade Federal da Bahia.</p>
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital Ana Nery under the protocol number 3.447.725 / CAAE 93752618.9.0000.0045. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>Sources of funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
