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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">gq6pWxRSxhGPZKcjNjs8Pkh</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000600204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240306</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter usando Cateter PVAC Gold em Pacientes Idosos com Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5111-488X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pachon-M</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santillana-P</surname>
            <given-names>Tomas G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7509-0731</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pachon-M</surname>
            <given-names>Enrique I.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Jos&#233; Carlos Pachon-M</bold> &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Rua Juquis, 204-41/A. CEP 04081-010, Indian&#243;polis, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>pachon@usp.br</email>, <email>jcpachon@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>02</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240306</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Cateteres</kwd>
        <kwd>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) representa um dos desafios mais significativos na pr&#225;tica cardiol&#243;gica contempor&#226;nea, especialmente em pacientes idosos, onde a complexidade do tratamento &#233; amplificada pelas comorbidades prevalentes e pela fragilidade desta popula&#231;&#227;o. Nesse contexto, &#233; not&#225;vel o estudo &#8220;Estudo Randomizado Comparando a Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter com o PVAC Gold vs. Tratamento com F&#225;rmacos Antiarr&#237;tmicos em Pacientes Idosos com Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial Sintom&#225;tica&#8221;, recentemente publicado no ABC Cardiol por Martins et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Ele oferece <italic>insights</italic> cruciais sobre op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas, riscos e benef&#237;cios para esses pacientes. Al&#233;m disso, este artigo &#233; liderado por uma equipe com not&#225;vel experi&#234;ncia internacional em abla&#231;&#227;o de FA, enfrentando os desafios com julgamento cl&#237;nico astuto e sendo pioneira em diversos procedimentos.</p>
    <p>Este grupo de pacientes frequentemente polimedicados inspira constantemente a busca por terapias que reduzam a depend&#234;ncia medicamentosa e melhorem a qualidade de vida. A perspectiva de eliminar a FA atrav&#233;s da abla&#231;&#227;o e reduzir m&#250;ltiplos medicamentos &#233; altamente atraente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O estudo compara a efic&#225;cia da abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter utilizando o cateter Medtronic PVAC Gold, que n&#227;o &#233; irrigado, com o tratamento convencional com medicamentos antiarr&#237;tmicos. Os resultados cl&#237;nicos de ambas as estrat&#233;gias mostraram melhorias na qualidade de vida dos pacientes, embora sem diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas nos resultados cl&#237;nicos prim&#225;rios ou secund&#225;rios ap&#243;s um ano de acompanhamento.</p>
    <p>O cateter PVAC Gold &#233; uma obra-prima da engenharia com design inovador e alto perfil de seguran&#231;a e praticidade. Contudo, a sua principal limita&#231;&#227;o t&#233;cnica &#233; a falta de irriga&#231;&#227;o. A este respeito, o artigo fornece informa&#231;&#245;es not&#225;veis atrav&#233;s da realiza&#231;&#227;o de resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica e endoscopia digestiva p&#243;s-abla&#231;&#227;o, destacando complica&#231;&#245;es frequentemente negligenciadas em muitos ensaios: tromboembolismo e les&#245;es esof&#225;gicas subcl&#237;nicas.</p>
    <p>Um dos achados mais preocupantes foi a taxa de 25% de emboliza&#231;&#227;o cerebral em pacientes tratados com cateter PVAC Gold. Essa elevada taxa tromboemb&#243;lica pode ser atribu&#237;da &#224; falta de irriga&#231;&#227;o do cateter, permitindo maior gera&#231;&#227;o de calor e, consequentemente, maior risco de forma&#231;&#227;o de co&#225;gulos. Al&#233;m disso, vale ressaltar que os autores encontraram les&#245;es esof&#225;gicas apesar do uso de term&#244;metro esof&#225;gico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Esses achados geralmente n&#227;o s&#227;o supervisionados em muitos estudos.</p>
    <p>Al&#233;m disso, a reinterven&#231;&#227;o em 30% do grupo de abla&#231;&#227;o tamb&#233;m suscita preocupa&#231;&#245;es. Isto indica uma limita&#231;&#227;o na efic&#225;cia do procedimento inicial, potencialmente relacionada &#224;s limita&#231;&#245;es do cateter. No entanto, todas as t&#233;cnicas de abla&#231;&#227;o de FA apresentam taxas de reinterven&#231;&#227;o vari&#225;veis, ocasionalmente excedendo 30%. Apesar dos avan&#231;os significativos, um dos fatores cr&#237;ticos que limitam o sucesso da abla&#231;&#227;o &#233; a natureza complexa e multifacetada da fisiopatologia da FA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Esta complexidade requer uma abordagem abrangente e multidisciplinar para compreender completamente e abordar eficazmente os mecanismos subjacentes da FA.</p>
    <p>No geral, o estudo demonstra que, embora a abla&#231;&#227;o com PVAC Gold n&#227;o tenha reduzido significativamente a taxa de recorr&#234;ncia de FA em compara&#231;&#227;o com o tratamento medicamentoso, foi associada a uma menor progress&#227;o para formas persistentes da arritmia e a uma redu&#231;&#227;o no uso de amiodarona, um resultado not&#225;vel, dado o perfil de efeitos colaterais da amiodarona e os desafios no manejo desses efeitos em pacientes idosos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A an&#225;lise dos desfechos secund&#225;rios, como qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de, n&#227;o mostrou diferen&#231;as significativas entre os grupos, levantando quest&#245;es importantes sobre a percep&#231;&#227;o do paciente quanto &#224; melhora dos sintomas. Melhorar a qualidade de vida &#233; fundamental na avalia&#231;&#227;o de qualquer interven&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica. A aus&#234;ncia de diferen&#231;a neste par&#226;metro sugere que a decis&#227;o entre abla&#231;&#227;o e tratamento farmacol&#243;gico deve ser altamente individualizada, considerando n&#227;o apenas a efic&#225;cia cl&#237;nica, mas tamb&#233;m as prefer&#234;ncias e expectativas do paciente.</p>
    <p>Considerando essas descobertas, v&#225;rias preocupa&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o dignas de nota:</p>
    <p>Reavalia&#231;&#227;o da Tecnologia: A abla&#231;&#227;o com cateteres irrigados, que apresentou menores taxas de complica&#231;&#245;es nas metan&#225;lises, deve ser considerada uma alternativa mais segura, pois auxilia na preven&#231;&#227;o do tromboembolismo.</p>
    <p>Term&#244;metros esof&#225;gicos devem sempre ser considerados.</p>
    <p>As complica&#231;&#245;es subcl&#237;nicas, como embolias cerebrais, sugerem a necessidade de protocolos de monitoramento p&#243;s-procedimento mais rigorosos, incluindo resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica e endoscopia digestiva em casos suspeitos.</p>
    <p>O estudo ressalta a import&#226;ncia da pesquisa cl&#237;nica cont&#237;nua focada na seguran&#231;a e efic&#225;cia da abla&#231;&#227;o em pacientes idosos. A abla&#231;&#227;o da FA est&#225; evoluindo rapidamente e novos conhecimentos sobre a sua fisiopatologia revelam tend&#234;ncias emergentes. Foi demonstrado que a abla&#231;&#227;o da interface neuromioc&#225;rdica pode reduzir drasticamente a recorr&#234;ncia ap&#243;s o procedimento, beneficiando pacientes de todas as idades.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os pacientes devem ser totalmente informados sobre os riscos e benef&#237;cios das diferentes op&#231;&#245;es de tratamento, com uma discuss&#227;o transparente sobre poss&#237;veis complica&#231;&#245;es e expectativas de sucesso do tratamento.</p>
    <p>Assim, este not&#225;vel estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> fornece informa&#231;&#245;es valiosas para o manejo da FA em pacientes idosos, uma popula&#231;&#227;o que desafia as pr&#225;ticas convencionais devido &#224; sua complexidade e fragilidade.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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              <surname>Rivarola</surname>
              <given-names>EW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Scanavacca</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ushizima</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cestari</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hardy</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
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              <surname>Lara</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Spectral Characteristics of Atrial Electrograms in Sinus Rhythm Correlates with Sites of Ganglionated Plexuses in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation</article-title>
          <source>Europace</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>13</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
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          <lpage>1147</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/europace/eur074</pub-id>
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    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Estudo Randomizado Comparando a Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter com o PVAC Gold vs. Tratamento com F&#225;rmacos Antiarr&#237;tmicos em Pacientes Idosos com Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial Sintom&#225;tica</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240306i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Evaluation of Catheter Ablation Using the PVAC Gold Catheter in Elderly Patients with Atrial Fibrillation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5111-488X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pachon-M</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Carlos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santillana-P</surname>
            <given-names>Tomas G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7509-0731</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pachon-M</surname>
            <given-names>Enrique I.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Jos&#233; Carlos Pachon-M</bold> &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Rua Juquis, 204-41/A. Postal Code 04081-010, Indian&#243;polis, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: pachon@usp.br, jcpachon@hotmail.com </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Catheters</kwd>
        <kwd>Catheter Ablation</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Atrial fibrillation (AF) represents one of the most significant challenges in contemporary cardiological practice, especially in elderly patients, where the complexity of treatment is amplified by prevalent comorbidities and the fragility of this population. In this context, the study &#8220;Randomized Study Comparing Radiofrequency Ablation with the PVAC Gold System vs. Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Elderly Patients with Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation&#8221; recently published in the ABC Cardiol by Martins et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> is remarkable. It offers crucial insights into therapeutic options, risks, and benefits for these patients. Additionally, this article is led by a team with remarkable international experience in AF ablation, navigating the challenges with astute clinical judgment having been a pioneer in several procedures.</p>
      <p>This group of frequently polymedicated patients constantly inspires the search for therapies that reduce medication dependence and enhance quality of life. The prospect of eliminating AF through ablation and reducing multiple medications is highly appealing.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The study compares the efficacy of catheter ablation using the Medtronic PVAC Gold catheter, which is non-irrigated, with conventional treatment using antiarrhythmic drugs. The clinical outcomes of both strategies showed improvements in patients&#8217; quality of life, though without statistically significant differences in primary or secondary clinical outcomes after one year of follow-up.</p>
      <p>The PVAC Gold catheter is a masterpiece of engineering with an innovative design and high safety and practicality profile. However, its main technical limitation is the lack of irrigation. In this regard, the article provides notable information by performing MRI and digestive endoscopy post-ablation, highlighting often overlooked complications in many trials: thromboembolism and sub-clinical esophageal lesions.</p>
      <p>One of the most concerning findings was the 25% rate of cerebral embolization in patients treated with the PVAC Gold catheter. This high thromboembolic rate can be attributed to the lack of catheter irrigation, allowing higher heat generation and, consequently, an increased risk of clot formation. Additionally, it is noteworthy that the authors found esophageal lesions despite using an esophageal thermometer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> These findings are commonly unsupervised in many trials.</p>
      <p>Furthermore, the reintervention in 30% of the ablation group also raises concerns. This indicates a limitation in the initial procedure&#8217;s efficacy, potentially related to the catheter&#8217;s limitations. However, all AF ablation techniques have variable reintervention rates, occasionally exceeding 30%. Despite significant advancements, one of the critical factors limiting ablation success is the complex and multifaceted nature of AF pathophysiology.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> This complexity requires a comprehensive and multidisciplinary approach to fully understand and effectively address the underlying mechanisms of AF.</p>
      <p>Overall, the study demonstrates that although ablation with PVAC Gold did not significantly reduce the recurrence rate of AF compared to drug treatment, it was associated with less progression to persistent forms of the arrhythmia and a reduction in the use of amiodaron, a notable result, given amiodarone&#8217;s side effect profile and the challenges in managing these effects in elderly patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The analysis of secondary outcomes, such as health-related quality of life, showed no significant differences between the groups, raising important questions about the patient&#8217;s perception of symptom improvement. Improving quality of life is critical in evaluating any therapeutic intervention. The absence of difference in this parameter suggests that the decision between ablation and pharmacological treatment should be highly individualized, considering not only clinical efficacy but also patient preferences and expectations.</p>
      <p>Considering these findings, several concerns are worth noting:</p>
      <p>Reevaluation of Technology: Ablation with irrigated catheters, which have shown lower complication rates in meta-analyses, should be considered a safer alternative as it helps thromboembolism prevention.</p>
      <p>Esophageal Thermometers should always be considered.</p>
      <p>The subclinical complications, such as cerebral embolisms, suggest the need for stricter post-procedure monitoring protocols, including MRI and digestive endoscopy in suspected cases.</p>
      <p>The study underscores the importance of ongoing clinical research focused on the safety and efficacy of ablation in elderly patients. AF ablation is rapidly evolving, and new insights into its pathophysiology are revealing emerging trends. It has been demonstrated that ablation of the neuro-myocardial interface can drastically reduce recurrence following the procedure, benefiting patients of all ages.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Patients must be fully informed about the risks and benefits of different treatment options with a transparent discussion about potential complications and treatment success expectations.</p>
      <p>Thus, this notable study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> provides valuable insights for managing AF in elderly patients, a population that challenges conventional practices due to its complexity and fragility.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Randomized Study Comparing Radiofrequency Ablation with the PVAC Gold System vs. Antiarrhythmic Drugs in Elderly Patients with Symptomatic Atrial Fibrillation</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
