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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">GfgGKqq9nQJnDzzwFyGDLyC</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000600502</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00502</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230829</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Manejo de Taquicardias de Complexo QRS Alargado na Sala de Emerg&#234;ncia: O Que Realmente Importa</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3835-6067</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Alencar</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Nunes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8587-875X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Dagostin de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5614-3543</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Campelo</surname>
            <given-names>Renan Teixeira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Felicioni</surname>
            <given-names>Sandro Pinelli</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Scheffer</surname>
            <given-names>Matheus Kiszka</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marchi</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Nogueira De</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Jos&#233; Nunes de Alencar</bold> &#8226; Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia &#8211; Rua Dante Pazzanese, 500. CEP 04012-909, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>jose.alencar@dantepazzanese.org.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o: Mauricio Scanavacca</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230829</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Taquicardia Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Servi&#231;o Hospitalar de Emerg&#234;ncia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="2"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="19"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Estudos demonstraram que 80% das taquicardias de complexo QRS alargado s&#227;o taquicardias ventriculares (TV). Esse n&#250;mero sobe para 90% quando h&#225; doen&#231;a card&#237;aca estrutural subjacente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Existem crit&#233;rios para diferenciar a TV da taquicardia supraventricular (TSV) que s&#227;o importantes na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, mas n&#227;o necessariamente com o prop&#243;sito de fornecer um diagn&#243;stico exato em cen&#225;rios agudos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Embora os crit&#233;rios tenham sido validados, eles n&#227;o s&#227;o t&#227;o eficazes na exclus&#227;o dessas condi&#231;&#245;es como se poderia pensar. Um estudo de mundo real mostrou que os crit&#233;rios de Vereckei tinham uma raz&#227;o de verossimilhan&#231;a negativa de 0,34.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Isso significa que a aplica&#231;&#227;o desses crit&#233;rios a um paciente com uma probabilidade pr&#233;-teste de 90% ainda resultaria em uma probabilidade p&#243;s-teste de 75% para TV (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> No mesmo estudo, os crit&#233;rios de Brugada produziram uma raz&#227;o de verossimilhan&#231;a negativa semelhante a 0,24, resultando em uma probabilidade de 68% para TV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Outro motivo para n&#227;o depender apenas desses crit&#233;rios &#233; a aus&#234;ncia de dados basais de eletrocardiograma (ECG). Por exemplo, um paciente com doen&#231;a card&#237;aca cong&#234;nita pode ter um eixo noroeste e outros achados &#250;nicos. Da mesma forma, um paciente com bloqueio das fibras de Purkinje e zonas eletricamente inativas pode apresentar caracter&#237;sticas de ECG enganosas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Somando-se &#224; complexidade, a TV idiop&#225;tica, como a TV fascicular, muitas vezes apresenta padr&#245;es de ECG que imitam bloqueios de ramo ou fasciculares, levando a interpreta&#231;&#245;es equivocadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Outro caso emblem&#225;tico &#233; a TV por reentrada de ramo, onde o ECG durante a taquicardia apresentar&#225; crit&#233;rios morfol&#243;gicos de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo ou direito, confundindo ainda mais o diagn&#243;stico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Aplica&#231;&#227;o do racioc&#237;nio bayesiano para um paciente com taquicardia de complexo QRS alargado. Nomograma de Fagan ilustrando a probabilidade p&#243;s-teste de taquicardia ventricular. Mesmo com todos os crit&#233;rios de Vereckei indicando &#8220;negativo&#8221;, permanece uma probabilidade de 75% de taquicardia ventricular. RV: raz&#227;o de verossimilhan&#231;a; TSV: taquicardia supraventricular; TV: taquicardia ventricular.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-06-e20230829-30829-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Ainda mais importante, a aplica&#231;&#227;o desses crit&#233;rios n&#227;o deve alterar o manejo cl&#237;nico imediato. Tratar um paciente com TV como se tivesse TSV com uso de medicamentos antiarr&#237;tmicos com efeitos inotr&#243;picos negativos, como bloqueadores dos canais de c&#225;lcio, pode levar &#224; deteriora&#231;&#227;o hemodin&#226;mica. Em uma s&#233;rie, isso ocorreu em 100% dos pacientes tratados desta forma.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Diante de um paciente com taquicardia de complexo QRS alargado, a prioridade &#233; avaliar o estado cl&#237;nico do paciente. Se o paciente apresentar sinais de deteriora&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, como dor, dispneia ou sinais de choque, a cardiovers&#227;o el&#233;trica sincronizada imediata &#233; a a&#231;&#227;o recomendada, de acordo com as diretrizes estadunidenses e europeias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> A aplica&#231;&#227;o de algoritmos pode distrair os profissionais de sa&#250;de de focar no paciente, principalmente aqueles com menos experi&#234;ncia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em pacientes com taquicardia de complexo QRS alargado e estabilidade hemodin&#226;mica, &#233; crucial seguir as diretrizes nacionais relevantes sobre arritmia de emerg&#234;ncia para manejo subsequente. Nos Estados Unidos, as diretrizes recomendam um teste de adenosina, se o tempo permitir. Esse teste tem dois prop&#243;sitos: primeiro, a adenosina pode efetivamente terminar algumas TSV com aberr&#226;ncia; segundo, algumas formas de TV tamb&#233;m podem responder &#224; adenosina. Se o teste n&#227;o for realizado ou se mostrar ineficaz, s&#227;o recomendados antiarr&#237;tmicos intravenosos, como procainamida ou amiodarona. As diretrizes europeias, por outro lado, preconizam a cardiovers&#227;o el&#233;trica sincronizada para taquicardias de complexo QRS alargado, mesmo em pacientes hemodinamicamente est&#225;veis, desde que o risco anest&#233;sico seja baixo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Notavelmente, nenhuma das diretrizes inclui uma etapa para a aplica&#231;&#227;o de crit&#233;rios de diferencia&#231;&#227;o. A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> resume essas diretrizes.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Algoritmos para manejo de taquicardia. Algoritmos da American Heart Association (AHA) 2020 e da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia (ESC) 2022 para o manejo de taquicardias, incluindo as taquicardias de complexo QRS alargado, destacando a aus&#234;ncia de aplica&#231;&#227;o de crit&#233;rios eletrocardiogr&#225;ficos no processo de tomada de decis&#227;o. TSV: taquicardia supraventricular; TV: taquicardia ventricular.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-06-e20230829-30829-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Ap&#243;s a estabiliza&#231;&#227;o do paciente, uma discuss&#227;o aprofundada com o cardiologista e o eletrofisiologista do hospital pode ser de valor inestim&#225;vel.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Nesse cen&#225;rio, sua import&#226;ncia &#233; mais sutil e reside no planejamento eletrofisiol&#243;gico. Quando s&#227;o utilizados em conjunto com os dados cl&#237;nicos do paciente e resultados de outros exames diagn&#243;sticos, por exemplo, ecocardiograma, resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca e estudos eletrofisiol&#243;gicos, esses crit&#233;rios podem servir como indicadores para o diagn&#243;stico final e decisivo. Isso, por sua vez, pode orientar op&#231;&#245;es de tratamento que variam desde medica&#231;&#227;o ou abla&#231;&#227;o em casos mais simples at&#233; a implanta&#231;&#227;o de cardioversor-desfibrilador. A <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> resume recomenda&#231;&#245;es racionais baseadas em nosso ponto de vista.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Resumo das recomenda&#231;&#245;es para taquicardias de complexo QRS alargado</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Seguir as diretrizes nacionais relevantes para arritmia de emerg&#234;ncia diante de um paciente com taquicardia de complexo QRS alargado.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Reservar o uso de crit&#233;rios de diferencia&#231;&#227;o de TV e TSV para planejamento eletrofisiol&#243;gico em vez de manejo cl&#237;nico imediato.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>N&#227;o confiar apenas nos crit&#233;rios do ECG para diagn&#243;stico; considerar os dados cl&#237;nicos do paciente e outros exames diagn&#243;sticos, como ecocardiogramas e RMC.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Ter cuidado ao interpretar ECGs sem dados basais, especialmente em pacientes que t&#234;m uma doen&#231;a cong&#234;nita conhecida ou doen&#231;a card&#237;aca estrutural.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Se o paciente apresentar sinais de deteriora&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, proceder imediatamente &#224; cardiovers&#227;o el&#233;trica sincronizada, conforme recomendado pelas diretrizes estadunidenses e europeias.</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Consultar o eletrofisiologista do hospital para uma avalia&#231;&#227;o abrangente p&#243;s-estabiliza&#231;&#227;o, incorporando os crit&#233;rios de ECG como uma evid&#234;ncia entre muitas.</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>
                <italic>ECG: eletrocardiograma; RMC: resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca; TSV: taquicardia supraventricular; TV: taquicardia ventricular.</italic>
              </p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>A capacidade de diferenciar entre TV e TSV usando crit&#233;rios de ECG, embora valorizada academicamente, pode n&#227;o ser t&#227;o clinicamente impactante como tradicionalmente se acredita. A aplica&#231;&#227;o de apenas esses crit&#233;rios pode levar a diagn&#243;sticos equivocados, sem alterar significativamente o manejo cl&#237;nico imediato. &#201; essencial seguir as diretrizes nacionais relevantes sobre arritmia de emerg&#234;ncia e consultar um eletrofisiologista para uma avalia&#231;&#227;o abrangente p&#243;s-estabiliza&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
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        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Marchi</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Nogueira De</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Jos&#233; Nunes de Alencar</bold> &#8226; Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia &#8211; Rua Dante Pazzanese, 500. Postal Code 04012-909, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: jose.alencar@dantepazzanese.org.br </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Editor responsible for the review: Mauricio Scanavacca</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Electrocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Ventricular Tachycardia</kwd>
        <kwd>Arrhythmias, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospital Emergency Service</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Studies have shown that 80% of wide QRS tachycardias are ventricular tachycardias (VT). This number rises to 90% if there is underlying structural heart disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Criteria for differentiating between VT and supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) exist, and they are important in clinical practice, but not necessarily for the purpose of providing an exact diagnosis in acute settings.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Although the criteria have been validated, they are not as effective at ruling out conditions as one might think. A real-world study showed that Vereckei&#8217;s criteria had a negative likelihood ratio of 0.34.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> This means that applying these criteria to a patient with a 90% pre-test probability would still result in a post-test probability of 75% for VT (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> In that study, the Brugada criteria yielded a similar negative likelihood ratio of 0.24, resulting in a 68% probability for VT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Another reason not to rely solely on these criteria is the absence of baseline electrocardiogram (ECG) data. For instance, a patient with congenital heart disease may have a northwest axis and other unique findings. Similarly, a patient with Purkinje fiber blockage and electrically inactive zones may present with misleading ECG features.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Adding to the complexity, idiopathic VT, such as fascicular VT, often present ECG patterns that mimic bundle branch or fascicular blocks, leading to misinterpretation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Another emblematic case is bundle-branch reentry VT, where the ECG during tachycardia will display morphological criteria of either left or right bundle branch block, further confounding the diagnosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Applying Bayesian reasoning to a patient with wide QRS tachycardia. Fagan&#8217;s nomogram illustrating the post-test probability of ventricular tachycardia. Even with all Vereckei&#8217;s criteria indicating &#8216;negative&#8217;, there remains a 75% likelihood of ventricular tachycardia. LR: likelihood ratio; SVT: supraventricular tachycardia; VT: ventricular tachycardia.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-06-e20230829-30829-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Most importantly, the application of these criteria should not alter immediate clinical management. Treating a patient with VT as if they had SVT using antiarrhythmic drugs with negative inotropic effects, such as calcium channel blockers, can lead to hemodynamic deterioration. In one series, this occurred in 100% of patients treated in this manner.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>When faced with a patient exhibiting wide QRS tachycardia, the priority is to assess the patient&#8217;s clinical status. If the patient shows signs of clinical deterioration, such as pain, dyspnea, or signs of shock, immediate synchronized electrical cardioversion is the recommended course of action, according to both American and European guidelines.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> The application of algorithms can distract healthcare providers, particularly those with less experience, from focusing on the patient.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In patients with wide QRS tachycardia and hemodynamic stability, it is crucial to follow the relevant national guidelines on emergency arrhythmia for further management. In the United States, the guidelines recommend an adenosine test, if time permits. This test serves two purposes: first, adenosine can effectively terminate some SVT with aberrancy; second, some VT may also respond to adenosine. If the test is not performed or proves ineffective, intravenous antiarrhythmics, such as procainamide or amiodarone, are recommended. European guidelines, on the other hand, advocate for synchronized electrical cardioversion for wide QRS tachycardias even in hemodynamically stable patients, provided that the anesthetic risk is low.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> Noticeably, neither guideline includes a step for applying differentiation criteria. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> summarizes these guidelines.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Tachycardia Management Algorithms. American Heart Association (AHA) 2020 and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2022 algorithms for the management of tachycardia and wide QRS complex tachycardias, highlighting the absence of electrocardiographic criteria application in the decision-making process. SVT: supraventricular tachycardia; VT: ventricular tachycardia.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-06-e20230829-30829-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>After the patient has been stabilized, a thorough discussion with the hospital&#8217;s cardiologist and electrophysiologist can be invaluable.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> In this scenario, their importance is more nuanced and lies in electrophysiological planning. When used in conjunction with the patient&#8217;s clinical data and results from other diagnostic tests, for example, echocardiogram, cardiac magnetic resonance, and electrophysiological studies, these criteria can serve as indicators for the final and decisive diagnosis. This, in turn, can guide treatment options ranging from medication or ablation in simpler cases to the implantation of a cardioverter-defibrillator. <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> summarizes rational recommendations based on our point of view.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Summary of recommendations for wide QRS tachycardias</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Follow relevant national guidelines on emergency arrhythmia when encountering a patient with wide QRS tachycardia.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Reserve the use of VT and SVT differentiation criteria for electrophysiological planning rather than immediate clinical management.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Do not rely solely on ECG criteria for diagnosis; consider the patient's clinical data and other diagnostic tests, such as echocardiograms and cardiac MRI.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Be cautious when interpreting ECGs without baseline data, especially in cases where the patient has a known congenital condition or structural heart disease.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>If the patient shows signs of clinical deterioration, proceed immediately to synchronized electrical cardioversion, as recommended by both American and European guidelines.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Consult with the hospital's electrophysiologist for a comprehensive evaluation post-stabilization, incorporating ECG criteria as one piece of evidence among many.</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>
                  <italic>ECG: electrocardiogram; MRI: magnetic resonance imaging; SVT: supraventricular tachycardia; VT: ventricular tachycardia.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>The ability to differentiate between VT and SVT using ECG criteria, while academically valued, may not be as clinically impactful as traditionally believed. Relying solely on these criteria can lead to misdiagnoses and may not significantly alter immediate clinical management. It is essential to follow the relevant national guidelines on emergency arrhythmia and to consult with an electrophysiologist for a comprehensive evaluation post-stabilization.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>Sources of funding</p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
