<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="editorial" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">cm7zXFdKQBqVdGbmzkn8tPF</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000500206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240308</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Import&#226;ncia do Exame Cl&#237;nico na Avalia&#231;&#227;o dos Perfis Hemodin&#226;micos e sua Rela&#231;&#227;o com Desfechos em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Aguda</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Siqueira</surname>
            <given-names>Suellen Rodrigues Rangel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7152-1810</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Salemi</surname>
            <given-names>Vera Maria Cury</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Cardiologia do Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro de Cardiologia do Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMUSP</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor), do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Vera Maria Cury Salemi</bold> &#8226; Av. Jandira, 185 apt 41B. CEP <postal-code>04080-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>verasalemi@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>12</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240308</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/fisiopatologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Exame M&#233;dico</kwd>
        <kwd>Hemodin&#226;mica</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares s&#227;o as principais causas de mortalidade no Brasil e no mundo e a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC) &#233; uma das causas mais prevalentes de morbi-mortalidade. Nos &#250;ltimos tr&#234;s meses tivemos uma m&#233;dia mensal de 15.406 interna&#231;&#245;es por IC no Brasil segundo dados coletados no DATASUS. &#201; uma preocupa&#231;&#227;o de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica devido a sua alta morbidade, mortalidade e custo associado a interna&#231;&#245;es frequentes. Assim, torna-se de fundamental import&#226;ncia que o diagn&#243;stico seja r&#225;pido para que tratamento seja eficaz.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O primeiro registro brasileiro de IC aguda incluiu 1263 pacientes de 51 centros brasileiros. O BREATH mostrou que as principais etiologias s&#227;o a isqu&#234;mica, a hipertensiva, e a cardiomiopatia dilatada, seguidas de doen&#231;as valvares e de Chagas. A preval&#234;ncia das etiologias &#233; semelhante a registros internacionais, exceto pela doen&#231;a de Chagas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A principal causa de rehospitaliza&#231;&#227;o foi a m&#225; ader&#234;ncia medicamentosa, al&#233;m disso, o estudo mostrou elevada taxa de mortalidade intra-hospitalar. Uma doen&#231;a t&#227;o prevalente e fatal necessita de um olhar criterioso e sistematizado para evitar falhas durante o tratamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A fisiopatologia da IC aguda &#233; complexa pois envolve um desarranjo hemodin&#226;mico gerado por baixo d&#233;bito card&#237;aco e aumento das press&#245;es de enchimento. O baixo d&#233;bito card&#237;aco leva a uma m&#225; perfus&#227;o perif&#233;rica e aumento da press&#227;o capilar pulmonar gera congest&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Em 1978, Forrester sugeriu uma avalia&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica do manejo da IC aguda baseada no seu perfil hemodin&#226;mico, analisando a volemia e a perfus&#227;o do paciente tendo como par&#226;metros a press&#227;o capilar pulmonar (PCP &#8805; ou &#8804;18 mm Hg) e &#237;ndice card&#237;aco (&#8805; 2,2 l/min/m&#178;). O paciente podia ser dividido entre 4 categorias: seco e boa perfus&#227;o; congesto e boa perfus&#227;o; seco e perfus&#227;o ruim; congesto e perfus&#227;o ruim. Ap&#243;s a classifica&#231;&#227;o de acordo com o perfil hemodin&#226;mico, a escolha da terapia poderia ser direcionada com base em tr&#234;s classes de medicamentos que comp&#245;em o tratamento da IC aguda: diur&#233;tico, vasodilatadores e inotr&#243;picos. Nohria et al. realizaram uma adapta&#231;&#227;o dessa classifica&#231;&#227;o usando apenas par&#226;metros cl&#237;nicos para avalia&#231;&#227;o de congest&#227;o e perfus&#227;o. A congest&#227;o deve ser caracterizada por quadro cl&#237;nico de ortopneia, estase de jugular, reflexo hepatojugular, ascite e edema de membros inferiores. A avalia&#231;&#227;o de perfus&#227;o deve ser baseada na press&#227;o de pulso, pulso alternante, hipotens&#227;o sintom&#225;tica, extremidades frias e confus&#227;o mental. A classifica&#231;&#227;o teve uma nova nomenclatura: A- seco e quente, B- congesto e quente, C&#8211; congesto e frio, L- seco e frio. O interessante foi observar a diferen&#231;a de sobrevida entre os diferentes perfis. Os pacientes classificados como perfil A tiveram melhor sobrevida e os paciente do grupo B e C eram os mais graves com maior mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O ESCAPE Trial refor&#231;ou a import&#226;ncia da avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, hoje em dia n&#227;o t&#227;o valorizada, quando mostra a n&#227;o diferen&#231;a de mortalidade entre os grupos cl&#237;nico e com cateter de art&#233;ria pulmonar (CAP). O CAP tem seu lugar nos pacientes mais cr&#237;ticos com IC avan&#231;ada e necessidade de inotr&#243;pico. Portanto, a avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica do perfil hemodin&#226;mico do paciente &#233; fundamental para um tratamento direcionado e precoce, evitando assim, a deteriora&#231;&#227;o do paciente ap&#243;s interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No artigo Associa&#231;&#227;o entre o Perfil Hemodin&#226;mico da Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca &#224; Admiss&#227;o Hospitalar e Mortalidade - Programa Boas Pr&#225;ticas Cl&#237;nicas em Cardiologia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> o perfil cl&#237;nico dos pacientes com IC aguda no Brasil incluiu 1.978 pacientes, idade m&#233;dia de 60 anos, a maioria dos pacientes do g&#234;nero masculino, de baixa escolaridade e baixa renda, com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo de 39,8%, mostrou predomin&#226;ncia no perfil B, semelhante aos resultados mundiais, e reinterna&#231;&#227;o maior nos pacientes congestos (frio ou quente). A mortalidade geral da IC aguda na literatura varia entre 1,8 e 36%, e essa varia&#231;&#227;o est&#225; associada aos diferentes perfis cl&#237;nicos e hemodin&#226;micos dos pacientes. O presente estudo realizado em nosso pa&#237;s mostra que a mortalidade foi maior nos perfis hemodin&#226;micos frios, al&#233;m de um maior tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o nos hospitais do Brasil comparado com coortes internacionais e uma maior mortalidade comparando a popula&#231;&#227;o norte americana e europeia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Apesar desse estudo ter sido realizado na grande maioria em hospitais terci&#225;rios, talvez esses dados tenham sido influenciados pela popula&#231;&#227;o com baixa renda, refletindo uma popula&#231;&#227;o mais grave e com acesso precoce mais limitado ao sistema de sa&#250;de, refor&#231;ando ainda mais a necessidade de pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas para aten&#231;&#227;o b&#225;sica. Esses dados devem servir de alerta e mostrar a import&#226;ncia da realiza&#231;&#227;o do diagn&#243;stico precoce e tratamento imediato de pacientes com IC aguda. A avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica pelo perfil hemodin&#226;mico &#233; um m&#233;todo r&#225;pido de estratifica&#231;&#227;o da gravidade do paciente, que deve ser usado &#224; beira do leito e sem custo, mostrando os n&#237;veis de gravidade, para ter a possibilidade de aplica&#231;&#227;o r&#225;pida de protocolos institucionais de tratamento e de seguimento do paciente ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Associa&#231;&#227;o entre o Perfil Hemodin&#226;mico da Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca &#224; Admiss&#227;o Hospitalar e Mortalidade - Programa Boas Pr&#225;ticas Cl&#237;nicas em Cardiologia</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="webpage">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>TabNet Win32 3.0: Morbidade Hospitalar do SUS - por local de interna&#231;&#227;o - Brasil [Internet]</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Datasus.gov.br</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <comment>Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/tabcgi.exe?sih/cnv/niuf.def">http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/tabcgi.exe?sih/cnv/niuf.def</ext-link> </comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>1 TabNet Win32 3.0: Morbidade Hospitalar do SUS - por local de interna&#231;&#227;o - Brasil [Internet]. Datasus.gov.br. 2023. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/tabcgi.exe?sih/cnv/niuf.def">http://tabnet.datasus.gov.br/cgi/tabcgi.exe?sih/cnv/niuf.def</ext-link> </mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Pacheco</surname>
              <given-names>HG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sangabriel</surname>
              <given-names>AA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>S&#225;nchez</surname>
              <given-names>CM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cruz</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Castillo</surname>
              <given-names>AA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garc&#237;a</surname>
              <given-names>SM</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical phenotypes, aetiologies, management, and mortality in acute heart failure: a single-institution study in Latin America</article-title>
          <source>ESC Heart Failure</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <month>11</month>
          <day>11</day>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>423</fpage>
          <lpage>437</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ehf2.13092</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>2 Pacheco HG, Sangabriel AA, S&#225;nchez CM, Cruz JL, Castillo AA, Garc&#237;a SM, et al. Clinical phenotypes, aetiologies, management, and mortality in acute heart failure: a single-institution study in Latin America. ESC Heart Failure. 2020 Nov 11;8(1):423&#8211;37. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.13092</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Albuquerque</surname>
              <given-names>DC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Souza</surname>
              <given-names>JD</given-names>
              <suffix>Neto</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bacal</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rohde</surname>
              <given-names>LE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pereira</surname>
              <given-names>SB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berwanger</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>I Brazilian Registry of Heart Failure - Clinical Aspects, Care Quality and Hospitalization Outcomes</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>104</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>433</fpage>
          <lpage>442</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20150031</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>3 Albuquerque DC, Souza Neto JD, Bacal F, Rohde LE, Pereira SB, Berwanger O, et al. I Brazilian Registry of Heart Failure - Clinical Aspects, Care Quality and Hospitalization Outcomes. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2015; 104(6):433-42.doi: 10.5935/abc.20150031</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Falco</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Martucci</surname>
              <given-names>ML</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Valente</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Verrengia</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pacileo</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Masarone</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Pathophysiology-Based Management of Acute Heart Failure</article-title>
          <source>Clin Pract</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>13</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>206</fpage>
          <lpage>218</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/clinpract13010019</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>4 Falco L, Martucci ML, Valente F, Verrengia M, Pacileo G, Masarone D. Pathophysiology-Based Management of Acute Heart Failure. Clin Pract. 2023;13(1):206&#8211;18. doi: 10.3390/clinpract13010019</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Forrester</surname>
              <given-names>JS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Waters</surname>
              <given-names>DD</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Hospital treatment of congestive heart failure. Management according to hemodynamic profile</article-title>
          <source>Am J Med</source>
          <year>1978</year>
          <volume>65</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>173</fpage>
          <lpage>180</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0002-9343(78)90707-6</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>5 Forrester JS, Waters DD. Hospital treatment of congestive heart failure. Management according to hemodynamic profile. Am J Med. 1978;65(1):173-80. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(78)90707-6</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chioncel</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mebazaa</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maggioni</surname>
              <given-names>AP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Harjola</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rosano</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laroche</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Acute heart failure congestion and perfusion status &#8211; impact of the clinical classification on in-hospital and long-term outcomes; insights from the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry</article-title>
          <source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>21</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>1338</fpage>
          <lpage>1352</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ejhf.1492</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>6 Chioncel O, Mebazaa A, Maggioni AP, Harjola V, Rosano G, Laroche C, et al. Acute heart failure congestion and perfusion status &#8211; impact of the clinical classification on in-hospital and long-term outcomes; insights from the ESC-EORP-HFA Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21(11):1338&#8211;52. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1492</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nohria</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tsang</surname>
              <given-names>SW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fang</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lewis</surname>
              <given-names>EF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jarcho</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mudge</surname>
              <given-names>GH</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical assessment identifies hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure</article-title>
          <source>J Am Coll Cardiol</source>
          <year>2003</year>
          <volume>41</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>1797</fpage>
          <lpage>1804</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00309-7</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>7 Nohria A, Tsang SW, Fang JC, Lewis EF, Jarcho JA, Mudge GH, et al. Clinical assessment identifies hemodynamic profiles that predict outcomes in patients admitted with heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41(10):1797-804. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(03)00309-7</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Binanay</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Califf</surname>
              <given-names>RM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hasselblad</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>O&#8217;Connor</surname>
              <given-names>CM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shah</surname>
              <given-names>MR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sopko</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness: the ESCAPE trial</article-title>
          <source>JAMA [Internet]</source>
          <year>2005</year>
          <volume>294</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1625</fpage>
          <lpage>1633</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.294.13.1625</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>8 Binanay C, Califf RM, Hasselblad V, O&#8217;Connor CM, Shah MR, Sopko G, et al. Evaluation study of congestive heart failure and pulmonary artery catheterization effectiveness: the ESCAPE trial. JAMA [Internet]. 2005;294(13):1625&#8211;33. doi: 10.1001/jama.294.13.1625</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>McDonagh, Chioncel</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mebazaa</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Harjola</surname>
              <given-names>VP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Coats</surname>
              <given-names>AJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Piepoli</surname>
              <given-names>MF</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal/>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical phenotypes and outcome of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry</article-title>
          <source>Eur J Heart Fail</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <fpage>1242</fpage>
          <lpage>1254</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/ejhf.890</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9 McDonagh, Chioncel O, Mebazaa A, Harjola VP, Coats AJ, Piepoli MF, et al. Clinical phenotypes and outcome of patients hospitalized for acute heart failure: the ESC Heart Failure Long-Term Registry. Eur J Heart Fail. 2017;19(10):1242-54. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.890</mixed-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
              <given-names>AS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Castilho</surname>
              <given-names>FM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>AJF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Passaglia</surname>
              <given-names>LG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Taniguchi</surname>
              <given-names>FP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
              <given-names>AL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Associa&#231;&#227;o entre o Perfil Hemodin&#226;mico da Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca &#224; Admiss&#227;o Hospitalar e Mortalidade - Programa Boas Pr&#225;ticas Cl&#237;nicas em Cardiologia</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2024</year>
          <volume>121</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <elocation-id>e20230699</elocation-id>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230699">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230699</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>10 Rodrigues AS, Castilho FM, Ribeiro AJF, Passaglia LG, Taniguchi FP, Ribeiro AL. Associa&#231;&#227;o entre o Perfil Hemodin&#226;mico da Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca &#224; Admiss&#227;o Hospitalar e Mortalidade - Programa Boas Pr&#225;ticas Cl&#237;nicas em Cardiologia. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2024; 121(5):e20230699. doi: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230699">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20230699</ext-link> </mixed-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240308i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Importance of Clinical Examination in the Assessment of Hemodynamic Profiles and Their Relationship with Outcomes in Patients with Acute Heart Failure</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Siqueira</surname>
            <given-names>Suellen Rodrigues Rangel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7152-1810</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Salemi</surname>
            <given-names>Vera Maria Cury</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro de Cardiologia do Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor), do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da FMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Vera Maria Cury Salemi</bold> &#8226; Av. Jandira, 185 apt 41B. Postal Code <postal-code>04080-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>verasalemi@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Failure/physiopathology</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Medical Examination</kwd>
        <kwd>Hemodynamic</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases are the main causes of mortality in Brazil and worldwide and heart failure (HF) is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality. In the last three months, we had a monthly average of 15,406 hospitalizations for HF in Brazil according to data collected in DATASUS. It is a public health concern due to its high morbidity, mortality, and cost associated with frequent hospitalizations. Therefore, it is of fundamental importance that the diagnosis is rapid so that treatment is effective.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The first Brazilian registry of acute HF included 1263 patients from 51 Brazilian centers. BREATH showed that the main etiologies are ischemic, hypertensive, and dilated cardiomyopathy, followed by valvular and Chagas disease. The prevalence of etiologies is similar to international records, except for Chagas disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The main cause of rehospitalization was poor medication adherence, in addition, the study showed a high in-hospital mortality rate. Such a prevalent and fatal disease requires a careful and systematic approach to avoid failures during treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The pathophysiology of acute HF is complex as it involves a hemodynamic disorder generated by low cardiac output and increased filling pressures. Low cardiac output leads to poor peripheral perfusion and increased pulmonary capillary pressure generates congestion.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> In 1978, Forrester suggested a systematic assessment of the management of acute HF based on its hemodynamic profile, analyzing the patient's blood volume and perfusion using the parameters pulmonary capillary pressure (PCP &#8805; or &#8804;18 mm Hg) and cardiac index (&#8805; 2.2 l/min/m&#178;). The patient could be divided into 4 categories: dry and good perfusion; congestion and good perfusion; dryness and poor perfusion; and congestion and poor perfusion. After classification according to the hemodynamic profile, the choice of therapy could be directed based on three classes of medications that make up the treatment of acute HF: diuretics, vasodilators, and inotropes. Nohria et al. performed an adaptation of this classification using only clinical parameters to assess congestion and perfusion. Congestion must be characterized by a clinical picture of orthopnea, jugular stasis, hepatojugular reflex, ascites, and edema of the lower limbs. Perfusion assessment should be based on pulse pressure, alternating pulse, symptomatic hypotension, cold extremities, and mental confusion. The classification had a new nomenclature: A- dry and hot, B- congested and hot, C- congested and cold, L- dry and cold. The interesting thing was to observe the difference in survival between the different profiles. Patients classified as profile A had better survival and patients in groups B and C were the most severely ill with higher mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The ESCAPE Trial reinforced the importance of clinical evaluation, which nowadays is not so valued when it showed no difference in mortality between the clinical and pulmonary artery catheter (PAC) groups. PAC has its place in the most critical patients with advanced HF and need of inotropes. Therefore, clinical assessment of the patient's hemodynamic profile is essential for targeted and early treatment, thus avoiding patient deterioration after hospital admission.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the article Association between Hemodynamic Profile at Hospital Admission and Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Patients Included in the Best Practice in Cardiology Program in Brazil,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> the clinical profile of patients with acute HF in Brazil included 1,978 patients, a mean age of 60 years, the majority of patients male, with low education and low income, with a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 39.8%, showed a predominance in profile B, similar to global results, and higher readmissions in congested patients (cold or hot). The general mortality of acute HF in the literature varies between 1.8 and 36%, and this variation is associated with the different clinical and hemodynamic profiles of the patients. The present study carried out in our country shows that mortality was higher in cold hemodynamic profiles, in addition to a longer length of stay in Brazilian hospitals compared to international cohorts and a higher mortality comparing the North American and European populations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Although this study has the vast majority of cases carried out in tertiary hospitals, perhaps these data were influenced by the low-income population, reflecting a more severe population with more limited early access to the health system, further reinforcing the need for public policies for basic care. These data should serve as a warning and show the importance of early diagnosis and immediate treatment of patients with acute HF. Clinical assessment using the hemodynamic profile is a quick method of stratifying the patient's severity, which should be used at the bedside and at no cost, showing severity levels, to have the possibility of rapid application of institutional treatment and follow-up protocols. of the patient after hospital discharge.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Association between Hemodynamic Profile at Hospital Admission and Mortality in Acute Heart Failure Patients Included in the Best Practice in Cardiology Program in Brazil</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
