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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">tBzrjZpSFGdjVSKRS8sMR7q</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000500204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240307</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Valor Progn&#243;stico da Pontua&#231;&#227;o PREC&#304;SE DAPT em Pacientes MINOCA com S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6746-8327</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bianco</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Tria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (UNIFESP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Henrique Tria Bianco</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo - Rua Loefgren, 1350. CEP <postal-code>04040-001</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>henriquetria@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240307</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>MINOCA</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, o manejo terap&#234;utico do infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio (IAM) progrediu substancialmente devido &#224;s crescentes inova&#231;&#245;es. Desta forma, o desenvolvimento e a compreens&#227;o de biomarcadores, como por exemplo, a troponina, apresentou-se como um marcador diagn&#243;stico mais preciso da les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica e &#233; agora a pedra angular das defini&#231;&#245;es contempor&#226;neas de IAM. Esses achados facilitaram o desenvolvimento de terapias de reperfus&#227;o para o infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMCSST), inicialmente envolvendo terapia trombol&#237;tica intravenosa e, subsequentemente, interven&#231;&#245;es coron&#225;rias percut&#226;neas prim&#225;rias, quando as primeiras demonstraram ser menos eficazes na restaura&#231;&#227;o do fluxo sangu&#237;neo coron&#225;rio angiogr&#225;fico e na melhoria dos resultados cl&#237;nicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Entretanto, cerca de 5% a 6% dos casos de IAM apresentam-se com coron&#225;rias sem les&#245;es obstrutivas (ou seja, les&#245;es com mais de 50% de estenose), doravante denominado MINOCA, do ingl&#234;s, <italic>myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries</italic> (infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias n&#227;o obstrutivas). Dados de grandes registros sugerem preval&#234;ncia de MINOCA entre 2 e 10%, dependendo da coorte estudada e dos crit&#233;rios diagn&#243;sticos utilizados. O maior desses estudos examinou pacientes com IAMSSST do registro CRUSADE e relatou que o sexo feminino e em idade mais jovem, foram os &#250;nicos preditores cl&#237;nicos independentes de MINOCA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Um aspecto importante na avalia&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com MINOCA aparente &#233; excluir causas n&#227;o isqu&#234;micas, como embolia pulmonar, insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca cr&#244;nica, miocardite, cardiomiopatias (infiltrativa, takotsubo, periparto&#8230;), acidente vascular cerebral, choque s&#233;ptico, s&#237;ndrome do desconforto respirat&#243;rio agudo, trauma card&#237;aco (incluindo iatrog&#234;nico), queimaduras graves, agentes quimioter&#225;picos e exerc&#237;cios extenuantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> O espasmo da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria &#233; outra causa importante de oclus&#227;o transit&#243;ria de uma art&#233;ria epic&#225;rdica e a marca registrada da angina variante ou vasosp&#225;stica. A presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#245;es transit&#243;rias do segmento ST durante a dor tor&#225;cica que responde &#224; terapia com nitrato &#233; consistente com o diagn&#243;stico. Claramente, mais estudos s&#227;o necess&#225;rios nesta &#225;rea, especialmente porque a angina vasosp&#225;stica est&#225; associada a risco aumentado de IAM/morte.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Por sua vez, o escore PRECISE-DAPT de cinco itens, integrando idade, hemoglobina, contagem de leuc&#243;citos, depura&#231;&#227;o de creatinina e sangramento pr&#233;vio, prediz o risco de sangramento em pacientes em terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla (DAPT) ap&#243;s o implante do stent. Nesta an&#225;lise, prospectou-se avaliar o risco de sangramento entre pacientes que recebem monoterapia com ticagrelor a partir de 1 m&#234;s ap&#243;s implante de stent coron&#225;rio. A capacidade do escore de prever sangramento pelo crit&#233;rio BARC (<italic>Bleeding Academic Research Consortium</italic>) 3 ou 5 foi avaliada e comparada entre pacientes em monoterapia com ticagrelor (estrat&#233;gia experimental) ou DAPT padr&#227;o (estrat&#233;gia de refer&#234;ncia) a partir de 1 m&#234;s ap&#243;s o implante do stent farmacol&#243;gico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> A an&#225;lise da curva de decis&#227;o mostrou benef&#237;cio l&#237;quido usando o PRECISE-DAPT para orientar a avalia&#231;&#227;o do risco de sangramento em ambas as estrat&#233;gias de tratamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em interessante publica&#231;&#227;o, motivo deste editorial, os autores avaliaram em estudo retrospectivo e observacional, 7.300 pacientes internados com diagn&#243;stico de IMCSST ou sem supradesnivelamento do segmento ST (IAMSSST).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Um subconjunto de 741 indiv&#237;duos recebeu diagn&#243;stico de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda e MINOCA. A angiografia coron&#225;ria foi realizada em todos os pacientes. Pacientes que n&#227;o apresentavam estenose coronariana de 50% ou mais em qualquer art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria na angiografia coron&#225;ria e que n&#227;o foram diagnosticados com dissec&#231;&#227;o espont&#226;nea da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria, miocardite ou cardiomiopatia de takotsubo foram classificados como MINOCA. O escore PRECISE-DAPT, idade, depura&#231;&#227;o de creatinina, contagem de leuc&#243;citos, hemoglobina e hist&#243;rico de sangramento pr&#233;vio foram calculados para cada caso. Neste estudo, foi apontado que um escore PRECISE-DAPT alto &#233; um preditor independente de eventos graves para o per&#237;odo intra-hospitalar e de longo prazo em pacientes MINOCA com s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda.</p>
    <p>Desta forma, destaca-se que a pontua&#231;&#227;o PRECISE-DAPT pode ser calculada de forma r&#225;pida e f&#225;cil, fornecendo uma classifica&#231;&#227;o de risco adequada. Adicionalmente, os autores relatam algumas limita&#231;&#245;es, fundamentalmente por ser um estudo retrospectivo e observacional. Portanto, embora com interessantes perspectivas de incorpora&#231;&#227;o para a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, estes resultados e a dura&#231;&#227;o dos eventos devem ser interpretados com cautela.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Valor Progn&#243;stico da Escore PREC&#304;SE DAPT em Resultados de Curto e Longo Prazo em Pacientes MINOCA com S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240307i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Prognostic Value of PREC&#304;SE DAPT Score in MINOCA Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6746-8327</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bianco</surname>
            <given-names>Henrique Tria</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (UNIFESP), S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Henrique Tria Bianco</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo - Rua Loefgren, 1350. Postal Code <postal-code>04040-001</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: <email>henriquetria@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>MINOCA</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>In recent decades, the therapeutic management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has progressed substantially due to increasing innovations. Thus, the development and understanding of biomarkers, such as troponin, has emerged as a more accurate diagnostic marker of myocardial injury and is now the cornerstone of contemporary definitions of AMI. development of reperfusion therapies for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), initially involving intravenous thrombolytic therapy and later primary percutaneous coronary interventions when the former found to have less effect on restoring coronary blood flow. angiography and improving clinical results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> However, approximately 5% to 6% of AMI cases present with coronary arteries without obstructive lesions (i.e., lesions with more than 50% stenosis), hereinafter referred to as MINOCA, myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries. Data from large registries suggest a prevalence of MINOCA between 2 and 10%, depending on the cohort studied and the diagnostic criteria used. The largest of these studies examined patients with STEMI from the CRUSADE registry and reported that female sex and younger age were the only independent clinical predictors of MINOCA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>An important aspect in the evaluation of patients with apparent MINOCA is to exclude non-ischemic causes, such as pulmonary embolism, chronic renal failure, chronic heart failure, myocarditis, cardiomyopathies (infiltrative, takotsubo, peripartum&#8230;), stroke, septic shock, syndrome from acute respiratory distress, cardiac trauma (including iatrogenic), severe burns, chemotherapy agents, and strenuous exercise.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Coronary artery spasm is another important cause of transient occlusion of an epicardial artery and the hallmark of variant or vasospastic angina. The presence of transient ST-segment changes during chest pain that responds to nitrate therapy is consistent with the diagnosis. Clearly, more studies are needed in this area, especially because vasospastic angina is associated with an increased risk of AMI/death.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In turn, the five-item PRECISE-DAPT score, integrating age, hemoglobin, leukocyte count, creatinine clearance, and previous bleeding, predicts the risk of bleeding in patients on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after stent implantation. In this analysis, we aimed to evaluate the risk of bleeding among patients receiving monotherapy with ticagrelor from 1 month after coronary stent implantation. The ability of the score to predict bleeding according to the BARC (Bleeding Academic Research Consortium) criteria 3 or 5 was evaluated and compared between patients on monotherapy with ticagrelor (experimental strategy) or standard DAPT (reference strategy) from 1 month after implantation of the drug-eluting stent.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Decision curve analysis showed net benefit using PRECISE-DAPT to guide bleeding risk assessment in both treatment strategies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In an interesting publication, the reason for this editorial, the authors evaluated, in a retrospective and observational study, 7,300 patients hospitalized with a diagnosis of STEMI or without ST-segment elevation (STEMI).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> A subset of 741 individuals received a diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome and MINOCA. Coronary angiography was performed in all patients. Patients who did not have coronary stenosis of 50% or more in any coronary artery on coronary angiography and who were not diagnosed with spontaneous coronary artery dissection, myocarditis, or takotsubo cardiomyopathy were classified as MINOCA. The PRECISE-DAPT score, age, creatinine clearance, white blood cell count, hemoglobin, and previous bleeding history were calculated for each case. In this study, it was pointed out that a high PRECISE-DAPT score is an independent predictor of serious events for the in-hospital and long-term periods in MINOCA patients with acute coronary syndrome.</p>
      <p>In this way, it is highlighted that the PRECISE-DAPT score can be calculated quickly and easily, providing an adequate risk classification. Additionally, the authors report some limitations, mainly because it is a retrospective and observational study. Therefore, although with interesting prospects for incorporation into clinical practice, these results and the duration of events must be interpreted with caution.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Prognostic Value of PREC&#304;SE DAPT Score on Short- and Long-Term Outcomes in MINOCA Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
