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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">cp8HmHX63XxpsS77D4gRwwk</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000500901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240008</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Desafio da Profilaxia Eficaz do Acidente Vascular Cerebral Secund&#225;rio em Pacientes Chag&#225;sicos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7819-5563</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Montanaro</surname>
            <given-names>Vin&#237;cius Viana Abreu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Rede SARAH de Hospitais de Reabilita&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Rede SARAH de Hospitais de Reabilita&#231;&#227;o, Bras&#237;lia &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Vinicius Viana Abreu Montanaro</bold> &#8226; Rede SARAH de Hospitais de Reabilita&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Neurologia - SHMS 501. CEP <postal-code>70335-901</postal-code>, BL A, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brasil E-mail: <email>vinicius_montanaro@yahoo.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>15</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240008</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Secund&#225;rio</kwd>
        <kwd>AVC</kwd>
        <kwd>Profilaxia</kwd>
        <kwd>Chagas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body> 1 1 <p>A recente atualiza&#231;&#227;o da diretriz para o manejo da cardiomiopatia na doen&#231;a de Chagas<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> traz diversas melhorias significativas. As evid&#234;ncias sobre a investiga&#231;&#227;o etiol&#243;gica do AVC, o manejo da profilaxia secund&#225;ria e a epidemiologia geral s&#227;o de vital import&#226;ncia para os m&#233;dicos melhorarem o tratamento desses pacientes.</p> <p>Uma preocupa&#231;&#227;o que surge da diretriz diz respeito &#224; indica&#231;&#227;o de anticoagula&#231;&#227;o oral, particularmente a sugest&#227;o de que qualquer acidente vascular cerebral isqu&#234;mico anterior justificaria tal interven&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p> <p>Atrav&#233;s de estudos epidemiol&#243;gicos, entendemos agora que a preval&#234;ncia de acidentes vasculares cerebrais n&#227;o cardioemb&#243;licos, como doen&#231;as de grandes vasos ou pequenos vasos, &#233; significativa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> H&#225; tamb&#233;m evid&#234;ncias de que causas ateroscler&#243;ticas de acidente vascular cerebral tenham a op&#231;&#227;o de antiplaquet&#225;rios como profilaxia secund&#225;ria. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Em diversas coortes, a presen&#231;a de altera&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas em pacientes com doen&#231;a de Chagas e acidente vascular cerebral pode n&#227;o ser evidente, colocando em d&#250;vida o benef&#237;cio da anticoagula&#231;&#227;o oral em todos os pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral pr&#233;vio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p> <p>Uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o mais adequada e baseada em evid&#234;ncias seria o uso de anticoagulantes orais em pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral pr&#233;vio considerado cardioemb&#243;lico atrav&#233;s dos sistemas de classifica&#231;&#227;o etiol&#243;gica atualmente dispon&#237;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Esta abordagem garantiria que o tratamento fosse adaptado &#224;s necessidades espec&#237;ficas do paciente, maximizando assim os benef&#237;cios potenciais e minimizando riscos desnecess&#225;rios. Al&#233;m disso, &#233; crucial considerar os fatores de risco e comorbidades de cada paciente ao decidir sobre o melhor curso de tratamento. Por exemplo, pacientes com alto risco de sangramento podem n&#227;o ser candidatos adequados para terapia anticoagulante. Portanto, uma an&#225;lise abrangente de risco-benef&#237;cio deve ser realizada para cada paciente antes de iniciar a profilaxia secund&#225;ria do AVC. Concluindo, embora a diretriz atualizada forne&#231;a informa&#231;&#245;es valiosas, &#233; essencial aplicar essas recomenda&#231;&#245;es criteriosamente, considerando as circunst&#226;ncias &#250;nicas de cada paciente. Mais pesquisas s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para refinar essas diretrizes e garantir resultados ideais para os pacientes.</p> </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240008i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Challenge of Effective Secondary Stroke Prophylaxis in Chagas Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7819-5563</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Montanaro</surname>
            <given-names>Vin&#237;cius Viana Abreu</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bras&#237;lia</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Rede SARAH de Hospitais de Reabilita&#231;&#227;o, Bras&#237;lia &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Vinicius Viana Abreu Montanaro</bold> &#8226; Rede SARAH de Hospitais de Reabilita&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Neurologia - SHMS 501. Postal Code <postal-code>70335-901</postal-code>, BL A, Bras&#237;lia, DF - Brazil E-mail: <email>vinicius_montanaro@yahoo.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Secondary</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke</kwd>
        <kwd>Prophylaxis</kwd>
        <kwd>Chagas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The recent update on the guideline for the management of cardiomyopathy in Chagas disease<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> brings several significant improvements. The evidence on etiological stroke investigation, management of secondary prophylaxis, and overall epidemiology are all of vital importance for clinicians to improve treatment for these patients.</p>
      <p>One concern that arises from the guideline pertains to the indication of oral anticoagulation, particularly the suggestion that any previous ischemic stroke would warrant such intervention.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Through epidemiological studies, we now understand that the prevalence of non-cardioembolic strokes, such as large vessel or small vessel diseases, is significant.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> There is also evidence that atherosclerotic causes of stroke have the choice of antiplatelets as secondary prophylaxis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> In several cohorts, the presence of cardiac alterations in patients with Chagas disease and stroke may not be overt, casting doubt on the benefit of oral anticoagulation in all patients with a previous stroke.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A more appropriate and evidence-based recommendation would be the use of oral anticoagulants in patients with a previous stroke deemed cardioembolic via the etiological classification systems currently available.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> This approach would ensure that the treatment is tailored to the specific needs of the patient, thereby maximizing the potential benefits and minimizing unnecessary risks.</p>
      <p>Moreover, it is crucial to consider the individual patient's risk factors and comorbidities when deciding on the best course of treatment. For instance, patients with a high risk of bleeding may not be suitable candidates for anticoagulation therapy. Therefore, a comprehensive risk-benefit analysis should be conducted for each patient before initiating secondary stroke prophylaxis.</p>
      <p>In conclusion, while the updated guideline provides valuable insights, it is essential to apply these recommendations judiciously, considering the unique circumstances of each patient. Further research is needed to refine these guidelines and ensure optimal patient outcomes.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
