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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">PZf8rnHJwDNGWM7LKfBtwgm</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000400208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240355</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Os Biomarcadores S&#233;ricos Pr&#233;-Abla&#231;&#227;o podem ser Usados para Prever a Recorr&#234;ncia de Arritmia ap&#243;s Abla&#231;&#227;o de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial Guiada por &#205;ndice de Abla&#231;&#227;o?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6697-7074</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Chokr</surname>
            <given-names>Muhieddine Omar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Rede D'or de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Rede D'or de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Muhieddine Omar Chokr &#8226;</bold> Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo,3 S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. CEP <postal-code>05403-900</postal-code>, Cerqueira Cesar, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>muhieddinechokr@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>12</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240355</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Biomarcadores</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="6"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O tratamento invasivo da fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) tem se estabelecido como o mais eficaz no controle e cura dessa arritmia. Em sua forma parox&#237;stica, gatilhos provenientes do territ&#243;rio das veias pulmonares s&#227;o os respons&#225;veis por deflagrar a FA na maioria dos casos, j&#225; na forma persistente, diferentes mecanismos eletrofisiol&#243;gicos est&#227;o envolvidos, e quanto maior o tempo de evolu&#231;&#227;o, mais complexa se torna a estrat&#233;gia invasiva de tratamento. Apesar da evolu&#231;&#227;o tecnol&#243;gica com diferentes sistemas de mapeamento eletroanat&#244;mico, e com forma&#231;&#227;o de les&#245;es de radiofrequ&#234;ncia na parede do &#225;trio cada vez mais efetivas, as recorr&#234;ncias permanecem como um desafio a ser evitado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A cria&#231;&#227;o de les&#245;es de abla&#231;&#227;o dur&#225;veis durante o isolamento das veias pulmonares para FA &#233; de import&#226;ncia cr&#237;tica para prevenir a reconex&#227;o tardia das veias, que &#233; respons&#225;vel pela grande maioria das recorr&#234;ncias de arritmia em pacientes com FA parox&#237;stica. Apesar das melhorias na tecnologia, a propor&#231;&#227;o de veias que permanecem cronicamente isoladas ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o por radiofrequ&#234;ncia continuou decepcionantemente baixa. Isto levou ao grande interesse na forma&#231;&#227;o de les&#245;es de abla&#231;&#227;o mais efetivas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nos anos mais recentes o software Ablation Index (AI) (CARTO 3 V4, Biosense Webster, Inc., Diamond Bar, CA) &#233; um novo marcador da qualidade da les&#227;o que incorpora for&#231;a de contato, tempo e pot&#234;ncia em uma f&#243;rmula ponderada e demonstrou estimar com precis&#227;o a profundidade da les&#227;o em estudos animais, al&#233;m de se relacionar diretamente com a queda da imped&#226;ncia local.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Diferentes trabalhos demonstraram menor taxa de reconex&#227;o quando se atinge o &#237;ndice de 550 na parede anterior, e 400 na parede posterior do &#225;trio esquerdo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Dessa forma, fica claro que vari&#225;veis intraprocedimento, como a caracter&#237;stica da les&#227;o e queda de imped&#226;ncia local podem predizer maior chance de recorr&#234;ncia. O grande desafio na pratica cl&#237;nica, e conseguir predizer antes de realizar o procedimento, quais s&#227;o os pacientes com maior chance de recorr&#234;ncia cl&#237;nica ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter.</p>
    <p>Nos &#250;ltimos anos v&#225;rios biomarcadores, de atividade inflamat&#243;ria, hormonais, e de stress sobre a parede do mioc&#225;rdio tem se relacionado a maior chance de recorr&#234;ncia da arritmia ap&#243;s a abla&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Ao encontro desses achados, nessa edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> os autores sugerem que embora isoladamente biomarcadores como TSH, Tiroxina livre (FT4) e BNP tenham baixo poder estat&#237;stico para predizer a recorr&#234;ncia, a medida que est&#227;o alterados a probabilidade de sobrevida livre de arritmia reduz progressivamente (87,1% se nenhum vs. 83,5% se um vs. 75,1% se dois vs. 43,3% se tr&#234;s biomarcadores est&#227;o elevados, p&lt;0,001). Pacientes com tr&#234;s biomarcadores "anormais" t&#234;m tr&#234;s vezes maior probabilidade de recorr&#234;ncia, comparativamente com os que n&#227;o t&#234;m nenhum biomarcador "anormal" (HR=2,88 [IC 95%, 1,39-5,17], p=0,003).</p>
    <p>De forma interessante, a eleva&#231;&#227;o nos biomarcadores foi suficiente para predizer recorr&#234;ncia ap&#243;s abla&#231;&#227;o da forma parox&#237;stica, mas n&#227;o da forma persistente. Esses achados podem sugerir que o maior remodelamento anat&#244;mico e fibrose identificados na forma persistente, podem ter papel mais importante nas recorr&#234;ncias do que o estado inflamat&#243;rio do paciente avaliados por meio da medida dos biomarcadores no presente estudo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, do ponto de vista de plausibilidade biol&#243;gica, pode sugerir a utiliza&#231;&#227;o da avalia&#231;&#227;o dos biomarcadores em fases iniciais da doen&#231;a, mas n&#227;o em condi&#231;&#245;es avan&#231;adas com remodelamento j&#225; estabelecido.</p>
    <p>A proposta dos autores<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> &#233; interessante, e com certeza ser&#225; uma vari&#225;vel adicional a ser utilizada pelos programas de intelig&#234;ncia artificial que tentam n&#227;o s&#243; predizer os pacientes com maior chance de recorr&#234;ncia, mas que em um futuro pr&#243;ximo poder&#227;o identificar quais s&#227;o os pacientes que necessitam de estrat&#233;gias adicionais de abla&#231;&#227;o em adi&#231;&#227;o ao isolamento das veias pulmonares na tentativa da manuten&#231;&#227;o do ritmo sinusal a longo prazo.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Os Biomarcadores podem ser Utilizados para Prever Recorr&#234;ncia de Arritmia ap&#243;s a Abla&#231;&#227;o de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial Guiada pelo Ablation-Index?</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240355i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Can Pre-Ablation Serum Biomarkers be Used to Predict Arrhythmia Recurrence after Ablation Index-Guided Atrial Fibrillation Ablation?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6697-7074</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Chokr</surname>
            <given-names>Muhieddine Omar</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Rede D'or de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Muhieddine Omar Chokr &#8226;</bold>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo,3 S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-900</postal-code>, Cerqueira Cesar, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>muhieddinechokr@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Biomarkers</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Catheter Ablation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Invasive treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been established as the most effective treatment in controlling and curing this arrhythmia. In most cases, triggers originating from the pulmonary veins are responsible for triggering AF in its paroxysmal form. In its persistent form, different electrophysiological mechanisms are involved. The longer the evolution time, the more complex the invasive treatment strategy becomes. Despite the technological evolution with different electroanatomical mapping systems and the formation of increasingly effective radiofrequency lesions in the atrium wall, recurrences remain a challenge to be avoided.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Creating long-lasting ablation lesions during pulmonary vein isolation for AF is of critical importance to prevent late vein reconnection. Such reconnection is responsible for the vast majority of arrhythmia recurrences in patients with paroxysmal AF. Despite technological improvements, the proportion of veins that remain chronically isolated after radiofrequency ablation is still disappointingly low. This has led to great interest in producing more effective ablation lesions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In more recent years, the Ablation Index (AI) (CARTO 3 V4, Biosense Webster, Inc., Diamond Bar, CA) software is a new lesion-quality marker that incorporates contact force, time, and power in a weighted formula. This index has been shown to accurately estimate lesion depth in animal studies, as well as having a direct relationship with the drop in local impedance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Different studies have shown a lower reconnection rate when indices of 550 and 400 are reached on the anterior and posterior walls of the left atrium.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Thus, it is clear that intraprocedural variables, such as lesion characteristics and drop in local impedance, can predict a greater chance of recurrence. Predicting which patients have a greater chance of clinical recurrence after catheter ablation before performing the procedure is a major challenge in clinical practice.</p>
      <p>In recent years, several biomarkers of inflammatory and hormonal activity, and stress in the myocardial wall have been related to a greater chance of arrhythmia recurrence after ablation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In this edition of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> the authors agree with these findings and suggest that biomarkers, such as TSH, free thyroxine (FT4), and BNP, have a low statistical power to predict recurrence, although isolatedly. As they are changed, the probability of arrhythmia-free survival progressively drops if none (87.1%), one (83.5%), two (75.1%), and three (43.3%) biomarkers are elevated (p&lt;0.001). Patients with three "abnormal" biomarkers are three times more likely to have recurrence compared to those who do not have any "abnormal" biomarker (HR=2.88; 95%CI,=1.39-5.17; p=0.003).</p>
      <p>Interestingly, elevation in biomarkers was sufficient to predict recurrence after ablation of the paroxysmal form, but not the persistent form. These findings suggest that a greater anatomical remodeling and fibrosis identified in the persistent form may have a more significant role in recurrences than the inflammatory status of patients assessed by measuring the biomarkers in the present study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> From the point of view of biological plausibility, they may also suggest the use of biomarker assessment in the initial stages of the disease but not in advanced conditions with already established remodeling.</p>
      <p>The authors&#8217; proposal<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> is interesting and will certainly be an additional variable to be used by artificial intelligence software. They try not only to predict patients with a greater chance of recurrence but which will also be able to identify patients who require additional ablation strategies soon, in addition to isolation of the pulmonary veins in an attempt to maintain sinus rhythm in the long term.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Can Pre-Ablation Biomarkers Be Used to Predict Arrhythmia Recurrence after Ablation Index-Guided Atrial Fibrillation Ablation?</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
