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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">kZdV45nWhV6PDFLbWMBpkLR</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000400206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240196</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Impacto do Cardioversor Desfibrilador Implant&#225;vel na Vida de seus Portadores</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5156-8232</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Galv&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Silas dos Santos</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Avan&#231;ado de Ritmologia e Eletrofisiologia</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Avan&#231;ado de Ritmologia e Eletrofisiologia (C.A.R.E.) - Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Silas dos Santos Galv&#227;o Filho</bold> &#8226; CARE (Centro Avan&#231;ado de Ritmologia e Eletrofisiologia) - Rua Martiniano de Carvalho, 864/702. CEP <postal-code>01321000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>sdsantos@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240196</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Desfibriladores Implant&#225;veis/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Morte S&#250;bita Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Qualidade de Vida</kwd>
        <kwd>Perfil de Impacto da Doen&#231;a</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O primeiro implante de CDI em humanos ocorrido em 1980,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> seguido da incorpora&#231;&#227;o desse dispositivo ao arsenal terap&#234;utico da cardiologia no in&#237;cio dos anos 90, foi um dos maiores avan&#231;os no tratamento das arritmias card&#237;acas. Sendo a terap&#234;utica de elei&#231;&#227;o com evid&#234;ncias de efic&#225;cia para grande n&#250;mero de pacientes com risco de morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca de causas n&#227;o revers&#237;veis,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> os CDIs apresentam algumas peculiaridades que podem impactar na vida cotidiana de seus portadores. No in&#237;cio, os CDIs eram dispositivos enormes, somente pass&#237;veis de serem implantados a n&#237;vel abdominal, com seus eletrodos e palhetas para aplica&#231;&#227;o do choque implantados diretamente no cora&#231;&#227;o mediante toracotomia. Nesse momento, o impacto desses dispositivos na vida de seus portadores era grande, desde est&#233;tico, at&#233; pelo grande n&#250;mero de choques inapropriados, causados por algoritmos ainda prec&#225;rios de discrimina&#231;&#227;o da arritmia a ser tratada: taquicardia ventricular (TV) ou fibrila&#231;&#227;o ventricular (FV), al&#233;m das primeiras programa&#231;&#245;es ainda inadequadas. Em nossa experi&#234;ncia inicial com CDIs no final dos anos 80 e in&#237;cio dos anos 90, tivemos muitos problemas de aceita&#231;&#227;o, sendo que alguns pacientes solicitaram at&#233; mesmo retirar o dispositivo ap&#243;s quadro de choques de repeti&#231;&#227;o. Com a espetacular evolu&#231;&#227;o que sofreram, os CDIs incorporaram todos os avan&#231;os tecnol&#243;gicos, melhorando sua performance diagn&#243;stica na libera&#231;&#227;o das terap&#234;uticas e passando a ter dimens&#245;es pouco maiores que os marcapassos, propiciando implantes dos dispositivos a n&#237;vel tor&#225;cico, com eletrodos totalmente transvenosos por cirurgia minimamente invasiva, dispensando a toracotomia. N&#227;o obstante esses avan&#231;os, uma parte consider&#225;vel dos pacientes persiste referindo impacto na sua qualidade de vida. Isso se deve principalmente a um aspecto: o CDI &#233; o &#250;nico dispositivo card&#237;aco eletr&#244;nico implant&#225;vel cujo funcionamento normal terap&#234;utico &#233; percebido pelo paciente, com sensa&#231;&#245;es descrita pela grande maioria como muito desagrad&#225;veis, especialmente a terapia com choque,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> sendo a pior situa&#231;&#227;o quando ocorrem choques de repeti&#231;&#227;o. O aperfei&#231;oamento dos algoritmos diagn&#243;sticos das taquiarritmias, e o maior conhecimento da programa&#231;&#227;o dos dispositivos, reduziram consideravelmente os choques inapropriados,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> entretanto os choques apropriados, mesmo os de repeti&#231;&#227;o conhecidos como tempestades el&#233;tricas persistem ocorrendo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> j&#225; que correspondem ao funcionamento normal do aparelho na revers&#227;o de parada card&#237;aca por FV, ou de arritmia potencialmente maligna como a TV. Felizmente, hoje esses graves epis&#243;dios s&#227;o bem menos frequentes e pass&#237;veis de serem tratados por meio de medicamentos e/ou procedimentos intervencionistas como abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O artigo "Preditores de Qualidade de Vida, Ansiedade e Aceita&#231;&#227;o em Pacientes com Cardioversor-Desfibrilador Implant&#225;vel"<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> avaliou esses aspectos em um n&#250;mero razo&#225;vel de pacientes submetidos ao primeiro implante ou troca de gerador de CDI, mostrando que cerca de um quarto dos pacientes apresentaram algum tipo de impacto negativo. Mostrou tamb&#233;m que a idade de 60 anos ou mais, a aus&#234;ncia de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) e o sexo feminino, foram preditores de melhores resultados. Essas informa&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o importantes e merecem algumas considera&#231;&#245;es: 1 - Tendo melhorado consideravelmente ao longo dos anos, o CDI ainda impacta negativamente na vida de um n&#250;mero relativamente importante de seus portadores. Isso estimula a melhora tecnol&#243;gica dos dispositivos otimizando as terapias, al&#233;m da melhor abordagem e preparo psicol&#243;gico do paciente no pr&#233;-operat&#243;rio. 2 - Os piores resultados dos pacientes mais jovens podem ser explicados pela sensa&#231;&#227;o de grande limita&#231;&#227;o das atividades impostas aos portadores de CDI, entretanto essas limita&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o devidas mais a cardiopatia de base do que propriamente ao dispositivo. Em alguns casos, sem maiores altera&#231;&#245;es da fun&#231;&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica, at&#233; mesmo atividades esportivas profissionais de impacto podem ser liberadas,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> como no caso de 2 jogadores de futebol que disputaram a &#250;ltima copa do mundo portando CDI. 3 - No caso dos portadores de FA, essa arritmia muitas vezes sintom&#225;tica, n&#227;o infrequentemente est&#225; relacionada a cardiopatias com pior fun&#231;&#227;o cardiol&#243;gica, o que aumenta as limita&#231;&#245;es. Al&#233;m disso a FA pode ser respons&#225;vel por choques inapropriados, pass&#237;veis de serem evitados com programa&#231;&#227;o adequada. 4 - Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao fato de as mulheres apresentarem melhores resultados apesar dos problemas est&#233;ticos que esses dispositivos podem causar, isso se deve provavelmente a maior toler&#226;ncia &#224;s terapias e a melhor compreens&#227;o das poss&#237;veis limita&#231;&#245;es de suas atividades, por serem portadores de CDI.</p>
    <p>A qualidade de vida dos portadores de CDI depende de v&#225;rios aspectos, sendo os mais importantes: o conhecimento por parte do paciente de sua cardiopatia e dos riscos a que est&#225; sujeito, do tipo e forma da aplica&#231;&#227;o das terapias e seus resultados. Nesse sentido o m&#233;dico especialista respons&#225;vel &#233; fundamental no esclarecimento desses aspectos e de todas as d&#250;vidas que possa haver, al&#233;m de procurar transmitir enfaticamente a sensa&#231;&#227;o de seguran&#231;a e prote&#231;&#227;o que esses dispositivos podem trazer. Em algumas situa&#231;&#245;es de maior complexidade, pode ser necess&#225;rio abordagem multidisciplinar, com a participa&#231;&#227;o de psic&#243;logos e/ou psiquiatras. Nesse sentido o artigo citado contribui para a identifica&#231;&#227;o dos grupos mais vulner&#225;veis a essas situa&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    <p>Apesar desses problemas, o CDI &#233; um dispositivo eletr&#244;nico implant&#225;vel dos mais importantes, sendo indispens&#225;vel no arsenal terap&#234;utico da cardiologia, com sua capacidade de salvar vidas largamente comprovada por in&#250;meros estudos cient&#237;ficos abrangentes.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Preditores de Qualidade de Vida, Ansiedade e Aceita&#231;&#227;o em Pacientes com Cardioversor-Desfibrilador Implant&#225;vel</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240196i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Impact of the Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator on the Lives of its Patients</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5156-8232</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Galv&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Silas dos Santos</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Centro Avan&#231;ado de Ritmologia e Eletrofisiologia (C.A.R.E.) - Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Silas dos Santos Galv&#227;o Filho</bold> &#8226; CARE (Centro Avan&#231;ado de Ritmologia e Eletrofisiologia) - Rua Martiniano de Carvalho, 864/702. Postal Code <postal-code>01321000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: <email>sdsantos@uol.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Arrhythmias, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Defibrillators, Implantable/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Death, Sudden, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality of Life</kwd>
        <kwd>Sickness Impact Profile</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The first ICD implant in humans occurred in 1980,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> followed by the incorporation of this device into the therapeutic arsenal of cardiology in the early 1990s, it was one of the greatest advances in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Being the therapy of choice with evidence of efficacy for a large number of patients at risk of sudden cardiac death from non-reversible causes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> ICDs have some peculiarities that can impact the daily lives of their carriers. Initially, ICDs were huge devices, only capable of being implanted at the abdominal level, with their electrodes and reeds for delivering the shock implanted directly into the heart through thoracotomy. At that time, the impact of these devices on the lives of their users was great, from aesthetics to the large number of inappropriate shocks, caused by still precarious algorithms for discriminating the arrhythmia to be treated: ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF), in addition to the first programs that were still inadequate. In our initial experience with ICDs in the late 1980s and early 1990s, we had many acceptance problems, with some patients even requesting to remove the device after experiencing repeated shocks. With the spectacular evolution they have undergone, ICDs have incorporated all technological advances, improving their diagnostic performance in the release of therapies and now having dimensions slightly larger than pacemakers, allowing device implants at the thoracic level, with fully transvenous electrodes through minimally invasive surgery, eliminating thoracotomy. Despite these advances, a considerable number of patients continue to report an impact on their quality of life. This is mainly due to one aspect: the ICD is the only implantable electronic cardiac device whose normal therapeutic functioning is perceived by the patient, with sensations described by the vast majority as very unpleasant, especially shock therapy,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> the worst situation being when repeated shocks occur. The improvement of diagnostic algorithms for tachyarrhythmias, and greater knowledge of device programming, have considerably reduced inappropriate shocks,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> however, appropriate shocks, even repetitive shocks known as electrical storms, continue to occur,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> as they correspond to the normal functioning of the device in reversing cardiac arrest due to VF, or potentially malignant arrhythmia such as VT. Fortunately, today these serious episodes are much less frequent and can be treated through medication and/or interventional procedures such as catheter ablation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The article "Predictors of Quality of Life, Anxiety and Acceptance in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator"<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> evaluated these aspects in a reasonable number of patients undergoing the first implantation or replacement of an ICD generator, showing that around a quarter of the patients presented some kind of negative impact. It also showed that being 60 years old or older, the absence of atrial fibrillation (AF), and being female were predictors of better results. This information is important and deserves some consideration: 1- Having improved considerably over the years, ICD still negatively impacts the lives of a relatively important number of its sufferers. This encourages the technological improvement of devices, optimizing therapies, in addition to better approach and psychological preparation of the patient pre-operatively. 2- The worse results of younger patients can be explained by the feeling of great limitation of activities imposed on those with ICDs, however, these limitations are due more to the underlying heart disease than to the device itself. In some cases, without major changes in cardiological function, even impactful professional sporting activities can be allowed,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> as in the case of two football players who played in the last World Cup with ICD. 3- In the case of people with AF, this arrhythmia, which is often symptomatic, is not infrequently related to heart disease with worse cardiological function, which increases limitations. Furthermore, AF may be responsible for inappropriate shocks, which can be avoided with adequate programming. 4- Regarding the fact that women present better results despite the aesthetic problems that these devices can cause, this is probably due to greater tolerance to therapies and a better understanding of the possible limitations of their activities, as they have an ICD.</p>
      <p>The quality of life of ICD patients depends on several aspects, the most important of which are: the patient's knowledge of their heart disease and the risks to which they are subject, the type and form of application of therapies, and their results. In this sense, the responsible specialist doctor is essential in clarifying these aspects and any doubts that may exist, in addition to emphatically seeking to convey the feeling of safety and protection that these devices can bring. In some more complex situations, a multidisciplinary approach may be necessary, with the participation of psychologists and/or psychiatrists. In this sense, the article cited contributes to the identification of the groups most vulnerable to these situations.</p>
      <p>Despite these problems, the ICD is one of the most important implantable electronic devices, being indispensable in the therapeutic arsenal of cardiology, with its ability to save lives largely proven by numerous comprehensive scientific studies.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Predictors of Quality of Life, Anxiety and Acceptance in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
