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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">StgfXTg8Qr6jxbBDBqyt5DP</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000400306</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00306</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230590</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Preditores de Qualidade de Vida, Ansiedade e Aceita&#231;&#227;o em Pacientes com Cardioversor-Desfibrilador Implant&#225;vel</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3346-8975</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Laisa Arruda</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5723-8285</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Katia Regina</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0514-9843</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Saucedo</surname>
            <given-names>Sarah Caroline Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6104-9113</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Laisa Arruda Silva &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Unidade de Estimula&#231;&#227;o El&#233;trica e Marcapasso - Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. CEP 05403-900, Cerqueira C&#233;sar, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>laisa_arruda@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o: Mauricio Scanavacca</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230590</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="'">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura Central</label>
            <caption>
              <title>: Preditores de Qualidade de Vida, Ansiedade e Aceita&#231;&#227;o em Pacientes com Cardioversor-Desfibrilador Implant&#225;vel</title>
            </caption>
            <alternatives>
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              <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/StgfXTg8Qr6jxbBDBqyt5DP/e944d6ab19fbac47a3e0a0b04c8be9acf711163e.png" specific-use="scielo-web"/>
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            </alternatives>
          </fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> O cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel (CDI) pode causar n&#237;veis elevados de ansiedade e depress&#227;o, resultando em efeitos negativos na qualidade de vida.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p> Avaliar a qualidade de vida, a ansiedade e a aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI por meio de instrumentos de medida padronizados e identificar preditores de melhores respostas para cada um dos desfechos estudados.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todo</title>
          <p> Coorte prospectiva com pacientes submetidos a implante inicial de CDI ou reopera&#231;&#227;o para a manuten&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo. Os desfechos do estudo inclu&#237;ram: qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI. A mudan&#231;a nos escores (30 e 180 dias) foi avaliada por meio da diferen&#231;a m&#237;nima importante (DMI). Foi utilizada a an&#225;lise univariada e o modelo de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada para a identifica&#231;&#227;o de preditores de melhores respostas, adotando-se o n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> De janeiro/2020 a junho/2021 foram inclu&#237;dos 147 pacientes, com idade m&#233;dia de 55,3 &#177; 13,4 anos e predom&#237;nio do sexo masculino (72,1%). A DMI para qualidade de vida, a ansiedade e a aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI foram observadas em 33 (22,4%), 36 (24,5%) e 43 (29,3%) pacientes, respectivamente. Idade igual ou maior que 60 anos (OR=2,5; IC 95%=1,14-5,53; p=0,022), aus&#234;ncia de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (OR=3,8; IC 95%=1,26-11,63; p=0,017) e sexo feminino (OR=2,2; IC 95%=1,02-4,97; p=0,045) foram preditores independentes de melhores respostas para qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI, respectivamente.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> A identifica&#231;&#227;o de preditores para melhores escores de qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo pode subsidiar a implementa&#231;&#227;o de cuidados espec&#237;ficos para os pacientes com maiores chances de apresentar resultados desfavor&#225;veis.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Desfibriladores Implant&#225;veis</kwd>
        <kwd>Qualidade de Vida</kwd>
        <kwd>Ansiedade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <award-group>
          <funding-source>FAPESP</funding-source>
          <award-id>2018/09155-3</award-id>
        </award-group>
      </funding-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="10"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="29"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>O cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel (CDI) &#233; considerado uma das op&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas mais eficazes para a preven&#231;&#227;o da morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca (MSC) devido &#224; sua capacidade de identificar e interromper arritmias ventriculares potencialmente fatais pela aplica&#231;&#227;o de terapias de choque.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Embora esse dispositivo card&#237;aco salve vidas, os pacientes convivem com a sensa&#231;&#227;o de que, a qualquer momento, podem receber uma terapia de choque.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Por conta disso, pode ocorrer sofrimento psicol&#243;gico, ansiedade, depress&#227;o e medo de falhas no funcionamento do dispositivo. Por outro lado, o CDI tamb&#233;m confere seguran&#231;a, por ser capaz de interromper as arritmias ventriculares letais, protegendo os pacientes contra os epis&#243;dios imprevis&#237;veis de MSC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>No contexto atual, a avalia&#231;&#227;o de desfechos reportados pelos pacientes (do ingl&#234;s, <italic>patient reported outcomes</italic>) tem se tornado uma ferramenta de grande relev&#226;ncia para a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica. Essa abordagem mais abrangente visa incorporar m&#233;tricas complementares aos resultados cl&#237;nicos tradicionais tendo por base a perspectiva, as prioridades e as prefer&#234;ncias dos pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Nos &#250;ltimos anos, v&#225;rios estudos sobre o impacto do CDI nos desfechos reportados pelos pacientes foram publicados, no entanto, a grande heterogeneidade dos resultados tem impedido um melhor entendimento dos efeitos do CDI em termos de qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A identifica&#231;&#227;o de fatores que possam discriminar subgrupos com maior risco de apresentar desfechos psicossociais desfavor&#225;veis ainda foi pouco explorada na literatura e os resultados variam consideravelmente entre os estudos. At&#233; o presente momento, a ocorr&#234;ncia de terapias de choque do CDI,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> condi&#231;&#245;es psicol&#243;gicas pr&#233;-existentes como depress&#227;o,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> personalidade do tipo D<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> e transtorno de ansiedade generalizada,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> sexo feminino,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> idade superior a 60 anos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> a falta de suporte social<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> e de conhecimento sobre a doen&#231;a e o dispositivo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> foram os principais fatores associados ao impacto negativo do CDI sob a perspectiva dos pacientes.</p>
      <p>Diante desse cen&#225;rio, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os desfechos reportados por pacientes com CDI, incluindo a qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de, a ansiedade e a aceita&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo por meio de instrumentos de medida padronizados e identificar preditores de melhores respostas para cada um dos desfechos estudados.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Desenho do estudo e aspectos &#233;ticos</title>
        <p>Trata-se de um estudo de coorte prospectivo realizado em um hospital cardiol&#243;gico da cidade de S&#227;o Paulo. O estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa da Institui&#231;&#227;o. Todos os participantes assinaram o termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido (TCLE).</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Popula&#231;&#227;o estudada</title>
          <p>Foram considerados eleg&#237;veis para o estudo os pacientes submetidos a procedimento cir&#250;rgico de implante inicial de CDI ou reopera&#231;&#227;o para manuten&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo, com idade entre 18 e 90 anos. N&#227;o foram inclu&#237;dos aqueles que apresentavam d&#233;ficit cognitivo que pudesse comprometer o entendimento do conte&#250;do dos instrumentos de medida ou que n&#227;o puderam ser contactados em tempo h&#225;bil para a aplica&#231;&#227;o do TCLE.</p>
          <p>A amostra, definida por conveni&#234;ncia, foi composta por todos os pacientes que foram operados de maneira consecutiva no per&#237;odo do estudo e que atenderam aos crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Etapas do estudo</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Sele&#231;&#227;o dos participantes da pesquisa</title>
        <p>Os pacientes foram selecionados, de forma consecutiva, durante as visitas di&#225;rias que eram realizadas nas Unidades de Interna&#231;&#227;o da nossa Institui&#231;&#227;o ou, eventualmente, por meio de contato telef&#244;nico ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o das caracter&#237;sticas basais no momento da hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o &#237;ndice</title>
        <p>Ap&#243;s a inclus&#227;o no estudo, era realizado o levantamento do hist&#243;rico cl&#237;nico e das informa&#231;&#245;es relacionadas &#224; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o &#237;ndice do estudo, mediante consulta do prontu&#225;rio e entrevista com os pacientes.</p>
        <p>Nessa etapa, foram coletados os dados demogr&#225;ficos, o hist&#243;rico de sa&#250;de, as condi&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas atuais, as informa&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao epis&#243;dio de interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar &#237;ndice e os dados do procedimento cir&#250;rgico.</p>
        <p>A coleta de dados foi realizada em formul&#225;rios eletr&#244;nicos desenvolvidos no software REDCap (<italic>Research Electronic Data Capture</italic>).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos reportados pelos pacientes</title>
        <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o dos desfechos reportados foi realizada em 30 e 180 dias ap&#243;s o procedimento cir&#250;rgico pelo autopreenchimento dos instrumentos de medida, enviados aos participantes por WhatsApp ou e-mail, por entrevista telef&#244;nica ou presencial. Os instrumentos de medida utilizados foram o <italic>EuroQol 5-dimensions, 3 levels</italic> (EQ-5D-3L), o <italic>Florida Shock Anxiety Scale</italic> (FSAS) o <italic>Florida Patient Acceptance Survey</italic> (FPAS) para avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de, o n&#237;vel de ansiedade relacionado ao CDI e a aceita&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo, respectivamente.</p>
        <p>O EQ-5D-3L &#233; composto por um sistema descritivo que engloba cinco dimens&#245;es, (&#8220;mobilidade&#8221;, &#8220;autocuidado&#8221;, &#8220;atividades habituais&#8221;, &#8220;dor/desconforto&#8221; e &#8220;ansiedade/depress&#227;o&#8221;) com tr&#234;s n&#237;veis de gravidade (&#8220;sem problemas&#8221;, &#8220;alguns problemas&#8221; e &#8220;problemas extremos&#8221;). O estado de sa&#250;de &#233; definido pela combina&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de cada uma das cinco dimens&#245;es, sendo representado por um n&#250;mero com cinco d&#237;gitos e totalizando 243 estados poss&#237;veis. Cada estado de sa&#250;de pode ser convertido em um escore &#250;nico que incorpora as prefer&#234;ncias sociais, variando de 0 (pior estado poss&#237;vel) a 1 (perfeita sa&#250;de). O instrumento tamb&#233;m apresenta uma escala visual anal&#243;gica para autoavalia&#231;&#227;o do estado de sa&#250;de que varia de 0 (pior) a 100 (melhor) pontos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
        <p>O FSAS &#233; o &#250;nico instrumento espec&#237;fico dispon&#237;vel para avaliar o n&#237;vel de ansiedade relacionado ao CDI e &#224;s terapias de choques.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup>Apresenta 10 perguntas com cinco op&#231;&#245;es de resposta (&#8220;nunca&#8221;, &#8220;quase nunca&#8221;, &#8220;de vez em quando&#8221;, &#8220;quase sempre&#8221; e &#8220;sempre&#8221;). O escore total do instrumento &#233; determinado pela soma de todos os itens, podendo atingir 50 pontos, sendo que pontua&#231;&#245;es maiores refletem um n&#237;vel mais elevado de ansiedade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
        <p>O FPAS &#233; o &#250;nico instrumento espec&#237;fico dispon&#237;vel para avaliar o n&#237;vel de aceita&#231;&#227;o do paciente em rela&#231;&#227;o ao dispositivo card&#237;aco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> &#201; composto por 12 itens com op&#231;&#245;es de resposta dispostas em uma escala do tipo <italic>Likert</italic>, variando de 1 (&#8220;discordo totalmente&#8221;) a 5 (&#8220;concordo totalmente&#8221;). O escore total &#233; determinado pela soma de todos os itens, transformada em uma escala de 0 (menor n&#237;vel de aceita&#231;&#227;o) a 100 (maior n&#237;vel de aceita&#231;&#227;o) pontos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Desfechos do estudo</title>
      <p>Os desfechos do estudo foram representados pelas altera&#231;&#245;es nos escores de qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo quantificadas por meio da diferen&#231;a m&#237;nima importante (DMI). Adotou-se um limiar de varia&#231;&#227;o de 0,5 do desvio-padr&#227;o dos escores totais. Dessa forma, os pacientes que apresentaram altera&#231;&#245;es iguais ou superiores &#224; metade do desvio-padr&#227;o do escore total foram considerados como tendo alcan&#231;ado uma DMI para os construtos avaliados.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Vari&#225;veis estudadas e an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
      <p>Foram analisadas como vari&#225;veis independentes para os desfechos: dados demogr&#225;ficos, dados cl&#237;nicos basais, dados do procedimento cir&#250;rgico, dados da hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o &#237;ndice e do seguimento cl&#237;nico de 30 e 180 dias.</p>
      <p>Foi realizada uma an&#225;lise descritiva minuciosa utilizando medidas de tend&#234;ncia central (valores m&#237;nimos e m&#225;ximos, m&#233;dias, desvio-padr&#227;o e mediana) para as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas e o c&#225;lculo das frequ&#234;ncias absolutas e relativas para as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas. O teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) foi utilizado para a testagem da normalidade dos dados.</p>
      <p>Para a compara&#231;&#227;o dos escores totais dos instrumentos, nos momentos de 30 e 180 dias, foi utilizado o teste t pareado. Para a compara&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes que atingiram ou n&#227;o a DMI utilizou-se a an&#225;lise univariada por meio dos testes &#8220;t&#8221; de Student n&#227;o pareado, Exato de Fisher e Qui-quadrado, conforme a natureza dos dados. Com a finalidade de determinar os preditores de melhores respostas dos question&#225;rios foram desenvolvidos tr&#234;s modelos distintos (qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o) de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica multivariada pelo m&#233;todo de <italic>stepwise</italic>, sendo consideradas as vari&#225;veis que apresentaram p &#8804; 0,10 na an&#225;lise univariada. A magnitude do efeito das vari&#225;veis que constitu&#237;ram o modelo final foi estimada pelo <italic>odds ratio</italic> (OR) e seus respectivos intervalos de confian&#231;a (IC) de 95%.</p>
      <p>A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica foi realizada no software <italic>Statistical Package for the Social Sciences</italic> (SPSS v. 17.0), adotando-se um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5%.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Caracter&#237;sticas basais dos pacientes</title>
        <p>De janeiro de 2020 a junho de 2021, 258 pacientes foram submetidos a implante inicial ou &#224; reopera&#231;&#227;o relacionada ao CDI. Destes, 147 atenderam aos crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade e foram inclu&#237;dos no estudo. Os motivos de n&#227;o inclus&#227;o de 111 pacientes foram: recusa (25 pacientes), &#243;bito hospitalar (10 pacientes), impossibilidade de preencher os question&#225;rios em tempo h&#225;bil (33 pacientes) e impossibilidade de contato para a aplica&#231;&#227;o do TCLE (43 pacientes).</p>
        <p>As caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas, cl&#237;nicas e as informa&#231;&#245;es relacionadas ao CDI est&#227;o apresentadas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas basais dos participantes da pesquisa</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Caracter&#237;sticas da amostra</th>
                  <th>N= 147</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Sexo, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Masculino</td>
                  <td align="center">106 (72,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Feminino</td>
                  <td align="center">41 (27,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Idade (anos)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>M&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">55,3 &#177; 13,4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Varia&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">18,1 &#8211; 88,4</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Ra&#231;a declarada, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Branca</td>
                  <td align="center">122 (83,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Parda/mulato</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (9,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Negra</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Amarela</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Estado civil, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Solteiro</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (16,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Casado</td>
                  <td align="center">103 (70,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Uni&#227;o est&#225;vel</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (3,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Divorciado/ Separado</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (5,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Vi&#250;vo</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Escolaridade, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ensino fundamental incompleto</td>
                  <td align="center">41 (27,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ensino fundamental completo</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (13,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ensino m&#233;dio completo</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (36,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ensino superior</td>
                  <td align="center">32 (21,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Provedor de sa&#250;de, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sistema &#250;nico de sa&#250;de</td>
                  <td align="center">133 (90,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sa&#250;de suplementar</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (9,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Estado empregat&#237;cio, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Aposentado</td>
                  <td align="center">53 (36,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Emprego formal</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (29,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Desempregado</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (12,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Emprego informal</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (8,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Informa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o dispon&#237;vel</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Doen&#231;a card&#237;aca estrutural, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (27,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cardiopatia n&#227;o-isqu&#234;mica</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (27,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Doen&#231;a de Chagas</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (23,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Cardiopatia hipertr&#243;fica</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Canalopatias</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (6,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Outras</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (5,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Comorbidades, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">102 (69,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Parada card&#237;aca pr&#233;via/ taquicardia ventricular inst&#225;vel</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (68,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hipertens&#227;o arterial</td>
                  <td align="center">69 (46,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Infarto do mioc&#225;rdio pr&#233;vio/ doen&#231;a arterial coronariana</td>
                  <td align="center">43 (29,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (27,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (16,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Valvopatias/ pr&#243;tese valvares</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Acidente vascular cerebral</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>N&#250;mero total de comorbidades</td>
                  <td align="center">9,4 &#177; 1,6</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Uso de anticoagulante oral, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">41 (27,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Classe Funcional (New York Heart Association), n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>I &#8211; II</td>
                  <td align="center">116 (78,9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>III &#8211; IV</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (21,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Procedimento cir&#250;rgico realizado, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Implante inicial</td>
                  <td align="center">67 (45,6)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Reopera&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">80 (54,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Indica&#231;&#227;o principal dos implantes iniciais, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Profilaxia secund&#225;ria da morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">36 (24,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Profilaxia prim&#225;ria da morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (14,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca + profilaxia da morte s&#250;bita</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (6,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Principal indica&#231;&#227;o dos procedimentos de reopera&#231;&#227;o, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Deple&#231;&#227;o natural do gerador de pulsos</td>
                  <td align="center">39 (26,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Disfun&#231;&#227;o em cabos-eletrodos</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (17,0)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Mudan&#231;a no modo de estimula&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (9,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Deple&#231;&#227;o precoce do gerador de pulsos</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Reimplante ap&#243;s remo&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via do CDI por infec&#231;&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="2">
                    <bold>Tipo de dispositivo, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CDI ventricular</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (21,1)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CDI atrioventricular</td>
                  <td align="center">77 (52,3)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CDI subcut&#226;neo</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1,4)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Terapia de ressincroniza&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca associada ao CDI</td>
                  <td align="center">37 (25,2)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1">
                <p>CDI: cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI</title>
        <p>O tempo m&#233;dio de seguimento foi de 6,2 &#177; 1,0 meses. Durante esse per&#237;odo, nenhum paciente faleceu ou foi perdido para seguimento. Apenas 6 (4,1%) indiv&#237;duos receberam terapias de choque do CDI.</p>
        <p>Os escores totais do EQ-5D-3L para as avalia&#231;&#245;es realizadas em 30 e 180 dias foram 0,78 &#177; 0,21 e 0,76 &#177; 0,20 (p= 0,148), respectivamente. Quanto &#224; percep&#231;&#227;o do estado geral de sa&#250;de, os escores m&#233;dios foram 78,7 &#177; 18,4 e 73,8 &#177; 21,8 (p= 0,015), para as avalia&#231;&#245;es realizadas em 30 e 180 dias, respectivamente. Os dom&#237;nios que apresentaram maiores taxas de problemas foram &#8220;ansiedade/ depress&#227;o&#8221; e &#8220;dor/ mal-estar&#8221; em ambas as avalia&#231;&#245;es (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Distribui&#231;&#227;o das respostas dos participantes segundo os dom&#237;nios do instrumento EQ-5D-3L, nas avalia&#231;&#245;es realizadas 30 e 180 dias ap&#243;s o procedimento cir&#250;rgico</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th colspan="2">Mobilidade</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Cuidados Pessoais</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Atividades habituais</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Dor/ Mal-estar</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Ansiedade/ Depress&#227;o</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Respostas</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sem problemas, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">121 (82,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">99 (67,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">127 (86,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">131 (89,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">98 (66,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">95 (64,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">91 (61,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">87 (59,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">90 (61,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">82 (55,8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Alguns problemas, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (17,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">48 (32,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (12,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">41 (27,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (29,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (35,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">59 (40,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (34,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">61 (41,5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Problemas importantes, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (5,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (5,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (2,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (2,7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Qualquer problema*, n (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (17,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">48 (32,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (13,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (10,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (33,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (35,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">56 (38,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">60 (40,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">57 (38,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">65 (44,2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Valor de p</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,001</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,419</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,692</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,897</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">0,551</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2">
                <p>*Qualquer problema = combina&#231;&#227;o dos problemas leves e importantes.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>O escore total m&#233;dio do instrumento FSAS, no geral, refletiu um estado de ansiedade leve na popula&#231;&#227;o, representado pela m&#233;dia de 23,5 &#177; 11,0 na avalia&#231;&#227;o de 30 dias e 23,9 &#177; 11,3 em 180 dias (p= 0,622). A an&#225;lise dos itens do instrumento mostrou que mais de 30% dos pacientes assinalaram op&#231;&#245;es de resposta que denotam maior n&#237;vel de ansiedade relacionada ao &#8220;medo de fazer exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos&#8221; e ao &#8220;medo de estar sozinho quando o dispositivo aplicar uma terapia de choque&#8221; (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Distribui&#231;&#227;o das respostas dos participantes segundo os itens do instrumento FSAS, nas avalia&#231;&#245;es realizadas 30 e 180 dias ap&#243;s o procedimento cir&#250;rgico</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th colspan="2">Nunca</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Quase nunca</th>
                  <th colspan="2">De vez em quando</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Quase sempre</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Sempre</th>
                  <th rowspan="3">p</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Itens do FSAS</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>1 - Medo de fazer exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (34,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">47 (32,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (6,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (8,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (15,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (13,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (10,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">47 (32,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (35,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,682</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>2 &#8211; Medo de estar sozinho quando receber o choque</td>
                  <td align="center">70 (47,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">66 (44,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (8,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (7,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (11,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (8,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">37 (25,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (27,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,408</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>3 &#8211; Medo de ficar nervoso/chateado</td>
                  <td align="center">75 (51,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">69 (46,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (8,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (8,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (6,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (6,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (21,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">37 (25,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,466</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>4 &#8211; Preocupa&#231;&#227;o por n&#227;o saber quando o CDI vai aplicar um choque</td>
                  <td align="center">66 (44,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">64 (43,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (8,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (6,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (8,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">46 (31,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">43 (29,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,810</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>5 &#8211; Preocupa&#231;&#227;o do CDI n&#227;o funcionar</td>
                  <td align="center">65 (44,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">71 (48,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (15,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (15,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (5,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">37 (25,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">33 (22,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,152</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>6 &#8211; Medo de tocar nas pessoas</td>
                  <td align="center">112 (76,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">111 (75,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (2,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (10,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (11,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,488</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>7 &#8211; Preocupa&#231;&#227;o em assustar as pessoas com o choque</td>
                  <td align="center">76 (51,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">80 (54,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (8,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (7,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (11,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (6,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (23,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 (20,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,428</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>8 &#8211; Preocupa&#231;&#227;o de perceber o cora&#231;&#227;o acelerado</td>
                  <td align="center">68 (46,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">64 (43,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (7,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (12,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (8,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (23,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (27,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,603</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>9 &#8211; Pensar o tempo o todo em rela&#231;&#227;o ao choque</td>
                  <td align="center">85 (57,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">75 (51,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (15,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (12,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (11,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (3,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (5,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (15,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">24 (16,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,467</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>10 &#8211; Evitar rela&#231;&#245;es sexuais</td>
                  <td align="center">113 (76,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">106 (72,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (3,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (8,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (2,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (7,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,210</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3">
                <p>CDI: cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel; FSAS: Florida Shock Anxiety Scale.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>O escore total m&#233;dio do FPAS foi 72,6 &#177; 16,1 e 74,7 &#177; 19,4 (p= 0,086) nos respectivos momentos de avalia&#231;&#227;o. A an&#225;lise de cada item do instrumento mostrou que os pacientes apresentaram n&#237;veis de aceita&#231;&#227;o ao CDI pr&#243;ximos ao adequado, sendo que mais de 80% concordaram que &#8220;colocariam o aparelho novamente&#8221;, mais de 70% consideraram &#8220;o aparelho como melhor op&#231;&#227;o de tratamento&#8221; e mais de 60% responderam que &#8220;as vantagens do CDI s&#227;o maiores que as desvantagens&#8221; (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4">Tabela 4</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t4">
            <label>Tabela 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Distribui&#231;&#227;o das respostas dos participantes segundo os itens do instrumento FPAS, nas avalia&#231;&#245;es realizadas 30 e 180 dias ap&#243;s o procedimento cir&#250;rgico</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th colspan="2">Concordo totalmente</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Concordo parcialmente</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Nem concordo, nem discordo</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Discordo parcialmente</th>
                  <th colspan="2">Discordo totalmente</th>
                  <th rowspan="3">p</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                  <th colspan="2">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Itens do FPAS</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                  <th>30 dias</th>
                  <th>180 dias</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>1 &#8211; Ficar deprimido ao pensar no aparelho</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (5,14)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (12,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (17,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (5,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">102 (69,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">104 (70,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,739</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>2 &#8211; Evitar fazer coisas que gosta</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">15 (10,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">37 (25,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (21,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (3,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (10,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (13,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">71 (48,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">74 (50,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,297</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>3 &#8211; Evitar atividades por sentir inc&#244;modo com aparelho</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (8,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (12,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (7,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (11,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">17 (11,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">88 (59,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">101 (68,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,027</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>4 &#8211; Dificuldade em viver sem pensar no aparelho</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (8,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (17,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (15,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (3,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (10,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (10,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">82 (55,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">91 (61,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,138</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>5 &#8211; Considerar o aparelho como melhor op&#231;&#227;o de tratamento</td>
                  <td align="center">128 (87,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">115 (78,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (7,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (12,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (3,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (5,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,021</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>6 &#8211; Certeza em condi&#231;&#245;es de voltar a trabalhar</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (35,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (33,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (17,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (17,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (7,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (5,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (10,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (8,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">42 (28,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (35,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,152</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>7 &#8211; Seguran&#231;a em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; doen&#231;a</td>
                  <td align="center">96 (65,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">91 (61,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (23,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (23,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (6,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (3,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,122</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>8 &#8211; Vantagens do CDI s&#227;o maiores que as desvantagens</td>
                  <td align="center">121 (82,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">114 (77,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (10,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (14,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">8 (5,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,340</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>9 &#8211; Colocar o aparelho novamente</td>
                  <td align="center">124 (84,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">125 (85,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (8,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (9,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (2,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (0,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (2,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (1,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,655</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>10 &#8211; Vida normal</td>
                  <td align="center">41 (27,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">57 (38,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">64 (43,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (33,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (2,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (15,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (12,2)</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (8,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (12,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,628</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>11 &#8211; Fazer as coisas para a fam&#237;lia</td>
                  <td align="center">28 (19,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (12,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">41 (27,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">43 (29,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (4,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">22 (15,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">20 (13,6)</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (34,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">59 (40,1)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,133</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>12 &#8211; Preocupa&#231;&#227;o em fazer atividades f&#237;sicas</td>
                  <td align="center">48 (32,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">33 (22,4)</td>
                  <td align="center">49 (33,3)</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (29,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (4,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (2,7)</td>
                  <td align="center">11 (7,5)</td>
                  <td align="center">16 (10,9)</td>
                  <td align="center">32 (21,8)</td>
                  <td align="center">50 (34,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0,002</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN4">
                <p>CDI: cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel; FPAS: Florida Patient Acceptance Survey</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Preditores de qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI</title>
        <p>Diferen&#231;a m&#237;nima importante para os construtos qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI foi observada em 33 (22,4%), 36 (24,5%) e 43 (29,3%) pacientes, respectivamente (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5">Tabela 5</xref>). A compara&#231;&#227;o dos grupos de pacientes que alcan&#231;aram ou n&#227;o a DMI para cada um dos desfechos estudados, permitiu identificar que os grupos apresentaram caracter&#237;sticas similares em rela&#231;&#227;o a maioria das vari&#225;veis estudadas, sendo poss&#237;vel observar que n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;as significativas entre os pacientes submetidos a implante inicial do CDI ou reopera&#231;&#227;o, conforme detalhado no Material Suplementar (Tabela S1).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t5">
            <label>Tabela 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Diferen&#231;a m&#237;nima importante para os desfechos estudados obtida pela compara&#231;&#227;o das avalia&#231;&#245;es realizadas em 30 e 180 dias ap&#243;s o procedimento cir&#250;rgico</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>Qualidade de vida (EQ-5D-3L)</th>
                  <th>Ansiedade relacionada ao CDI (FSAS)</th>
                  <th>Aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI (FPAS)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Taxa de indiv&#237;duos que n&#227;o alcan&#231;aram a DMI, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">114 (77,6%)</td>
                  <td align="center">111 (75,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">104 (70,7%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Taxa de indiv&#237;duos que alcan&#231;aram a DMI, n (%)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">33 (22,4%)</td>
                  <td align="center">36 (24,5%)</td>
                  <td align="center">43 (29,3%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Valor da DMI alcan&#231;ada</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">&gt; 0,102</td>
                  <td align="center">&gt; 5,48</td>
                  <td align="center">&gt; 6,66</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Escores dos indiv&#237;duos que alcan&#231;aram a DMI, m&#233;dia &#177; desvio-padr&#227;o</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">0,78 &#177; 0,2</td>
                  <td align="center">23,5 &#177; 10,9</td>
                  <td align="center">72,6 &#177; 16,7</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN5">
                <p>CDI: cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel; DMI: diferen&#231;a m&#237;nima importante; EQ-5D-3L: EuroQoL 5-dimensions, 3 levels; FPAS: Florida Patient Acceptance Survey; FSAS: Florida Shock Anxiety Scale.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Idade igual ou maior que 60 anos (OR=2,5; IC 95%=1,14-5,53; p=0,022), aus&#234;ncia de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (OR=3,8; IC 95%=1,26-11,63; p=0,017) e sexo feminino (OR=2,2; IC 95%=1,02-4,97; p=0,045) foram preditores independentes de melhores respostas para qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI, respectivamente.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os desfechos reportados por pacientes s&#227;o importantes indicadores de sa&#250;de, relatados a partir da perspectiva do pr&#243;prio indiv&#237;duo a respeito de sua doen&#231;a e tratamento, contribuindo para uma abordagem centrada no paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup>Apesar da seguran&#231;a que o CDI proporciona, os indiv&#237;duos podem evoluir com comprometimento na qualidade de vida, principalmente em decorr&#234;ncia das terapias de choque.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Considerando a necessidade do melhor entendimento do impacto do CDI, este estudo avaliou a qualidade de vida, a ansiedade e a aceita&#231;&#227;o, utilizando, pela primeira vez no Brasil, os instrumentos de medida EQ-5D-3L, FSAS e FPAS.</p>
      <p>Nosso estudo reflete dados da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica real de um hospital cardiol&#243;gico terci&#225;rio, principalmente por incluir todos os pacientes operados em um determinado per&#237;odo, independentemente do perfil cl&#237;nico, do procedimento realizado e do tipo de CDI. Encontramos uma propor&#231;&#227;o semelhante de pacientes com cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica (27,2%), n&#227;o isqu&#234;mica (27,2%) e Doen&#231;a de Chagas (23,1%) e houve maior representatividade dos procedimentos de reopera&#231;&#227;o (54,4%).</p>
      <p>Na avalia&#231;&#227;o da qualidade de vida, os resultados do estado geral de sa&#250;de, obtidos pela escala visual anal&#243;gica (EQ-EVA), apresentaram m&#233;dias com varia&#231;&#227;o de 73,8 a 78,7, semelhante a valores reportados na literatura, que variaram de 62,4 a 77,6, de acordo com o momento do estudo e a indica&#231;&#227;o do CDI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> Para o construto ansiedade relacionada ao CDI, os escores m&#233;dios obtidos variaram de 23,5 a 23,9, denotando um n&#237;vel leve de ansiedade, &#224; semelhan&#231;a de um estudo transversal que reportou escores m&#233;dios de 22,1 pontos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Para a aceita&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo, os escores obtidos de 72,6 a 74,7, em 30 e 180 dias, respectivamente, mostraram um n&#237;vel adequado de aceita&#231;&#227;o, semelhante a estudos pr&#233;vios, que reportaram pontua&#231;&#245;es que variaram de 64,7 a 66,5.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A taxa de pacientes que alcan&#231;aram a DMI para os construtos qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI foi de 22,4%, 24,5% e 29,3%, respectivamente. Na literatura, a DMI tem sido adotada por refletir resultados que v&#227;o al&#233;m dos valores de signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica, permitindo detectar mudan&#231;as nos escores dos instrumentos de medida que podem representar altera&#231;&#245;es significativas do ponto de vista dos pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> Um estudo que utilizou a DMI para classificar os indiv&#237;duos submetidos a implante de marca-passo em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; melhora dos escores de qualidade de vida identificou taxas de 30% a 59% de pacientes que alcan&#231;aram a DMI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Embora o marca-passo seja um dispositivo muito semelhante ao CDI, por atuar na corre&#231;&#227;o da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, promove um benef&#237;cio hemodin&#226;mico percept&#237;vel, de tal forma que, habitualmente, os pacientes relatam melhorias em seus sintomas. Em contrapartida, os pacientes com CDI geralmente n&#227;o percebem nenhum benef&#237;cio cl&#237;nico ap&#243;s o implante do dispositivo e ainda convivem com a possibilidade de receberem terapias de choque.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>N&#227;o obstante o estudo n&#227;o tenha sido desenhado especificamente para comparar os desfechos entre os diferentes tipos de procedimentos, observou-se uma propor&#231;&#227;o semelhante de pacientes que alcan&#231;aram a DMI para os tr&#234;s construtos analisados, tanto entre os indiv&#237;duos que tinham o CDI previamente implantado, como naqueles que foram submetidos a implante inicial. Esses achados sugerem que o tipo de procedimento, implantes iniciais ou reopera&#231;&#245;es, n&#227;o teve impacto nos resultados do estudo, de forma semelhante ao que tem sido reportado na literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A idade, maior ou igual a 60 anos, foi considerada um preditor de qualidade de vida, aumentando em 2,5 vezes as chances de obter melhores escores. Condizente com estes resultados, pacientes com idade m&#233;dia de 64,7 &#177; 9,4 anos de uma coorte apresentaram melhores escores de qualidade de vida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Melhor qualidade de vida nessa faixa et&#225;ria poderia ser explicada principalmente pela aceita&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo, pois, comparado a indiv&#237;duos jovens, j&#225; foi demonstrado que estes apresentam maiores dificuldades na aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> Em contrapartida, a idade acima de 60 anos tamb&#233;m foi identificada como preditor para o comprometimento na qualidade de vida, justificada pela percep&#231;&#227;o de pior estado de sa&#250;de, preocupa&#231;&#245;es e mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida dos pacientes que se encontram nessa faixa et&#225;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A aus&#234;ncia de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial foi identificada como preditor de melhores escores para ansiedade, aumentando em 3,8 vezes a chance de melhores respostas. Dos pacientes com CDI, aproximadamente 25% apresentam fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> e a ansiedade nesses indiv&#237;duos poderia ser explicada pela preocupa&#231;&#227;o com as palpita&#231;&#245;es e com o uso de anticoagulantes, por conta do risco efeitos adversos, como sangramento e tromboembolismo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup> Dessa forma, &#233; justific&#225;vel que, neste estudo, os pacientes que tiveram melhores escores para ansiedade n&#227;o tinham o diagn&#243;stico de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.</p>
      <p>Para a aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI, o sexo feminino foi identificado como preditor de melhores escores, aumentando em 2,2 vezes a chance de melhores respostas. Apesar de altos n&#237;veis de aceita&#231;&#227;o do CDI terem sido relatados na popula&#231;&#227;o feminina,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> tamb&#233;m foi demonstrado que, em raz&#227;o da influ&#234;ncia na imagem corporal, as mulheres podem apresentar dificuldades de aceita&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Embora este estudo tenha permitido identificar preditores de melhores escores em desfechos reportados por pacientes com CDI, a generaliza&#231;&#227;o dos resultados &#233; limitada, principalmente pelo fato de que a casu&#237;stica foi reduzida e de que os dados refletiram a realidade de um &#250;nico servi&#231;o. A realiza&#231;&#227;o de novos estudos com casu&#237;stica mais representativa e abrang&#234;ncia multic&#234;ntrica poder&#225; contribuir para a confirma&#231;&#227;o dos resultados, assim como para a identifica&#231;&#227;o de outros preditores.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>O presente estudo permitiu conhecer melhor o perfil dos pacientes com CDI, em termos de qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo e demonstrou a estabilidade dos escores obtidos entre os dois momentos de avalia&#231;&#227;o. A identifica&#231;&#227;o de preditores para melhores escores de qualidade de vida, ansiedade e aceita&#231;&#227;o do dispositivo pode subsidiar a implementa&#231;&#227;o de cuidados espec&#237;ficos para os pacientes com maiores chances de apresentar resultados desfavor&#225;veis.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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          <article-title>Perceptions and Experiences of Patients Living with Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators: A Systematic Review and Meta-Synthesis</article-title>
          <source>Health Qual Life Outcomes</source>
          <year>2016</year>
          <volume>14</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <size units="pages">160</size>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12955-016-0561-0</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte de disserta&#231;&#227;o de mestrado de La&#237;sa Arruda Silva pelo Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Enfermagem na Sa&#250;de do Adulto (PROESA) da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica da CAPPesq sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 3.779.031. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo foi financiado por FAPESP &#8211; Aux&#237;lio Regular 2018/09155-3.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230590i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Predictors of Quality of Life, Anxiety and Acceptance in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3346-8975</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Laisa Arruda</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5723-8285</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Katia Regina</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0514-9843</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Saucedo</surname>
            <given-names>Sarah Caroline Martins</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6104-9113</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Costa</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Laisa Arruda Silva &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Unidade de Estimula&#231;&#227;o El&#233;trica e Marcapasso - Av. Dr. En&#233;as Carvalho de Aguiar, 44. Postal Code 05403-900, Cerqueira C&#233;sar, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: laisa_arruda@hotmail.com </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Editor responsible for the review: Mauricio Scanavacca</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Central Illustration</label>
            <caption>
              <title>: Predictors of Quality of Life, Anxiety and Acceptance in Patients with Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-04-e20230590-30590-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p> An implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) can cause high levels of anxiety and depression, resulting in negative effects on quality of life.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives</title>
          <p> To evaluate the quality of life, anxiety, and acceptance of the ICD using standardized measurement instruments and identify predictors of better responses for each of the outcomes studied.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Method</title>
          <p> This is a prospective cohort study with patients undergoing initial ICD implantation or reoperation to maintain the device. The study outcomes included quality of life, anxiety, and acceptance of the ICD. The change in scores (30 and 180 days) was assessed using the minimal important difference (MID). Univariate analysis and the multivariate logistic regression model were used to identify predictors of better responses, adopting a significance level of 5%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> A total of 147 patients were included between January/2020 to June/2021, with a mean age of 55.3 &#177; 13.4 years and a predominance of males (72.1%). The MID for quality of life, anxiety, and ICD acceptance were observed in 33 (22.4%), 36 (24.5%) and 43 (29.3%) patients, respectively. Age equal to or greater than 60 years (OR=2.5; 95%CI=1.14-5.53; p=0.022), absence of atrial fibrillation (OR=3.8; 95%CI=1.26-11.63; p=0.017) and female gender (OR=2.2; 95%CI=1.02-4.97; p=0.045) were independent predictors of better responses to quality of life, anxiety and acceptance of the ICD, respectively.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p> The identification of predictors for better quality of life scores, anxiety, and acceptance of the device can support the implementation of specific care for patients with a greater chance of presenting unfavorable results.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Implantable Defibrillators</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality of Life</kwd>
        <kwd>Anxiety</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) is considered one of the most effective therapeutic options for preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) due to its ability to identify and interrupt potentially fatal ventricular arrhythmias through the application of shock therapies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Although this cardiac device saves lives, patients live with the feeling that they could receive shock therapy at any moment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In turn, psychological suffering, anxiety, depression, and fear of device failures may occur. On the other hand, the ICD also provides safety, as it is capable of interrupting lethal ventricular arrhythmias, protecting patients against unpredictable episodes of SCD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In the current context, evaluation of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) has become a highly relevant tool for clinical practice. This more comprehensive approach aims to incorporate complementary metrics to traditional clinical outcomes based on patients&#8217; perspectives, priorities, and preferences.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Several studies on the impact of ICD on PROs have been published in recent years; however, great heterogeneity of results has prevented a better understanding of the effects of the ICD in terms of quality of life, anxiety, and acceptance of the device.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Identifying factors that may discriminate subgroups at greater risk of presenting unfavorable psychosocial outcomes has still been little explored in the literature and results vary considerably between studies. To date, the occurrence of ICD shock therapies<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup>, pre-existing psychological conditions such as depression,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> type D<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> personality and generalized anxiety disorder,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> female sex,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> age over 60 years,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> lack of social support,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> and knowledge about the disease and the device<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> were the main factors associated with the negative impact of the ICD from the patients&#8217; perspective.</p>
        <p>Given this scenario, the objective of the present study was to evaluate PROs in adults with ICD, including health-related quality of life, anxiety, and acceptance of the device using standardized measurement instruments, and identify predictors of better responses for each one of the outcomes studied.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study design and ethical aspects</title>
          <p>This is a prospective cohort study conducted in a cardiology hospital in the city of S&#227;o Paulo, Brazil. The Institution&#8217;s Research Ethics Committee approved the study. All participants signed the informed consent form.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study population</title>
          <p>Patients who underwent a surgical procedure for initial ICD implantation or reoperation, aged between 18 and 90 years, were considered eligible for the study. Those who had a cognitive deficit that could compromise understanding the content of the measurement instruments or who could not be contacted in a timely manner to apply the informed consent form were not included.</p>
          <p>The sample was defined by convenience, being composed of all patients who underwent consecutive surgery during the study period and who met the eligibility criteria.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study stages</title>
          <sec>
            <title>Study participant selection</title>
            <p>Patients were consecutively selected during daily visits, which were performed in the Inpatient Units of our Institution, or eventually through telephone contact after hospital discharge.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Assessment of baseline characteristics at the index hospitalization</title>
            <p>After inclusion in the study, the clinical history and information related to the hospitalization index of the study were collected by consulting the medical records and interviewing the patients. At this stage, demographic data, health history, current clinical conditions, information related to the index hospital episode, and data on the surgical procedure were collected. Data were collected using electronic forms developed in the REDCap software (Research Electronic Data Capture).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Assessment of patient-reported outcomes</title>
            <p>The PRO evaluation was performed 30 and 180 days after the surgical procedure by self-completing the measurement instruments sent to participants via WhatsApp, e-mail, telephone, or in-person interviews. The measuring instruments used were the EuroQol 5-dimensions, 3 levels (EQ-5D-3L), the Florida Shock Anxiety Scale (FSAS), and the Florida Patient Acceptance Survey (FPAS) to assess health-related quality of life, the anxiety level related to the ICD and acceptance of the device, respectively.</p>
            <p>The EQ-5D-3L descriptive system comprises five dimensions (&#8220;mobility&#8221;, &#8220;self-care&#8221;, &#8220;usual activities&#8221;, &#8220;pain/discomfort&#8221; and &#8220;anxiety/depression&#8221;) with three levels of severity (&#8220;no problems&#8221;, &#8220;some problems&#8221;, and &#8220;extreme problems&#8221;). Health status is defined by combining the levels of each of the five dimensions, represented by a five-digit number and totaling 243 possible states. Each health state can be converted into a unique score that incorporates social preferences, ranging from 0 (worst possible state) to 1 (perfect health). The instrument also presents a visual analogue scale for self-assessment of health status that ranges from 0 (worst) to 100 (best) points.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
            <p>The FSAS is the only specific instrument available to assess the anxiety level related to the ICD and shock therapies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> It presents 10 questions with five answer options (&#8220;never&#8221;, &#8220;almost never&#8221;, &#8220;occasionally&#8221;, &#8220;almost always,&#8221; and &#8220;always&#8221;). The instrument&#8217;s total score is determined by the sum of all items, reaching 50 points, with higher scores reflecting a higher anxiety level. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
            <p>The FPAS is the only specific instrument available to assess the patient&#8217;s acceptance level in relation to the cardiac device.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> It consists of 12 items with response options arranged on a Likert-type scale, ranging from 1 (&#8220;totally disagree&#8221;) to 5 (&#8220;totally agree&#8221;). The sum of all items determines the total score, transformed into a scale from 0 (lowest acceptance level) to 100 (highest acceptance level) points.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Study outcomes</title>
        <p>The study outcomes were represented by changes in quality of life, anxiety and device acceptance scores quantified using the minimal important difference (MID). A variation threshold of 0.5 of the standard deviation of total scores was adopted. Therefore, patients who presented changes equal to or greater than half the standard deviation of the total score were considered to have achieved a MID for the constructs assessed.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Studied variables and statistical analysis</title>
        <p>The following were analyzed as independent variables for outcomes: demographic data, baseline clinical data, data from the surgical procedure, data from the hospitalization index and clinical follow-up of 30 and 180 days.</p>
        <p>A detailed descriptive analysis was conducted using measures of central tendency (minimum and maximum values, means, standard deviation, and median) for continuous variables and the calculation of absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (KS) was employed to assess the normality of the data.</p>
        <p>The paired t-test was used to compare the total scores of the instruments at 30 and 180 days. To compare patients who achieved or did not achieve the DMI, univariate analysis was conducted using the unpaired Student&#8217;s t-test, Fisher&#8217;s Exact test, and Chi-square test, depending on the nature of the data. In order to determine the predictors of better responses to the questionnaires, three different models (quality of life, anxiety, and acceptance) of multivariate logistic regression were developed using the stepwise method, considering the variables that presented p &#8804; 0.10 in the univariate analysis. The effect magnitude of the variables that constituted the final model was estimated by the odds ratio (OR) and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS v. 17.0) software program, adopting a significance level of 5%.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Baseline characteristics</title>
          <p>A total of 258 patients underwent initial ICD implantation or ICD-related reoperation from January 2020 to June 2021. Of these, 147 met the eligibility criteria and were included in the study. The reasons for not including 111 patients were refusal (25 patients), hospital death (10 patients), impossibility of completing the questionnaires in a timely manner (33 patients), and impossibility of contact to apply the informed consent form (43 patients). The demographic and clinical characteristics, along with information related to the ICD, are presented in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref>.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t1001">
              <label>Table 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Baseline characteristics of research participants</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Sample characteristics</th>
                    <th>N= 147</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Sex, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Male</td>
                    <td align="center">106 (72.1)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Female</td>
                    <td align="center">41 (27.9)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Age (years)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Mean &#177; standard deviation</td>
                    <td align="center">55.3 &#177; 13.4</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Variation</td>
                    <td align="center">18.1 &#8211; 88.4</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Declared race, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>White</td>
                    <td align="center">122 (83.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Brown/mulatto</td>
                    <td align="center">14 (9.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Black</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (6.1)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Yellow</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1.4)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Marital status, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Single</td>
                    <td align="center">24 (16.3)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Married</td>
                    <td align="center">103 (70.1)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Stable union</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (3.4)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Divorced/Separated</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (5.4)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Widow</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4.8)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Education, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Incomplete elementary</td>
                    <td align="center">41 (27.9)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Completed elementary</td>
                    <td align="center">20 (13.6)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Completed high school</td>
                    <td align="center">54 (36.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Post-secondary</td>
                    <td align="center">32 (21.8)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Health provider, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Unified Health System (public)</td>
                    <td align="center">133 (90.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Health insurance</td>
                    <td align="center">14 (9.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Employment status, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Retired</td>
                    <td align="center">53 (36.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Formal employment</td>
                    <td align="center">44 (29.9)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Unemployed</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (12.9)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Informal employment</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (8.8)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Information not available</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Structural heart disease, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ischemic heart disease</td>
                    <td align="center">40 (27.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Non-ischemic heart disease</td>
                    <td align="center">40 (27.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Chagas disease</td>
                    <td align="center">34 (23.1)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hypertrophic heart disease</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (10.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Channelopathies</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (6.8)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Others</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (5.4)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Comorbidities, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Heart failure</td>
                    <td align="center">102 (69.4)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Previous cardiac arrest/unstable ventricular tachycardia</td>
                    <td align="center">100 (68.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Arterial hypertension</td>
                    <td align="center">69 (46.9)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Previous myocardial infarction/coronary artery disease</td>
                    <td align="center">43 (29.3)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Atrial fibrillation</td>
                    <td align="center">40 (27.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                    <td align="center">24 (16.3)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Chronic kidney failure</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Valvular heart disease/ valve prosthesis</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (10.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Stroke</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (10.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Total number of comorbidities</td>
                    <td align="center">9.4 &#177; 1.6</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Use of oral anticoagulants, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">41 (27.9)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Functional Class (New York Heart Association), n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>I &#8211; II</td>
                    <td align="center">116 (78.9)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>III &#8211; IV</td>
                    <td align="center">31 (21.1)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Surgical procedure performed, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Initial implant</td>
                    <td align="center">67 (45.6)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Reoperation</td>
                    <td align="center">80 (54.4)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Main indication of initial implants, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Secondary prophylaxis of sudden cardiac death</td>
                    <td align="center">36 (24.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Primary prophylaxis of sudden cardiac death</td>
                    <td align="center">21 (14.3)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiac resynchronization + sudden death prophylaxis</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (6.8)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Main indication of reoperation procedures, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Natural depletion of the pulse generator</td>
                    <td align="center">39 (26.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Lead dysfunction</td>
                    <td align="center">25 (17.0)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Upgrade procedure</td>
                    <td align="center">14 (9.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Early pulse generator depletion</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (0.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Reimplantation after previous ICD removal due to infection</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (0.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td colspan="2">
                      <bold>Device type, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Ventricular ICD</td>
                    <td align="center">31 (21.1)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Atrioventricular ICD</td>
                    <td align="center">77 (52.3)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Subcutaneous ICD</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1.4)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Cardiac resynchronization therapy associated with ICD</td>
                    <td align="center">37 (25.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN1001">
                  <p>ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Quality of life, anxiety, and ICD acceptance</title>
          <p>The average follow-up time was 6.2 &#177; 1.0 months. During this period, no patient died or was lost to follow-up. Only 6 (4.1%) subjects received ICD shock therapies.</p>
          <p>The total EQ-5D-3L scores for the assessments performed at 30 and 180 days were 0.78 &#177; 0.21 and 0.76 &#177; 0.20 (p=0.148), respectively. The average scores regarding the perception of general health status were 78.7 &#177; 18.4 and 73.8 &#177; 21.8 (p=0.015) for the assessments carried out in 30 and 180 days, respectively. The domains that presented the highest rates of problems were &#8220;anxiety/depression&#8221; and &#8220;pain/discomfort&#8221; in both assessments (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t2001">
              <label>Table 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Distribution of participants&#8217; responses according to the domains of the EQ-5D-3L instrument in assessments carried out 30 and 180 days after the surgical procedure</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th colspan="2">Mobility</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Self-care</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Usual activities</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Pain/Discomfort</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Anxiety/ Depression</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">Responses</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>No problems, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">121 (82.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">99 (67.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">127 (86.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">131 (89.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">98 (66.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">95 (64.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">91 (61.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">87 (59.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">90 (61.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">82 (55.8)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Minor problems, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">25 (17.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">48 (32.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (12.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (10.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">41 (27.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">44 (29.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">52 (35.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">59 (40.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">50 (34.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">61 (41.5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Major problems, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (0.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (0.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (0.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (5.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (5.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (2.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (0.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (2.7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Multiple problems*, n (%)</td>
                    <td align="center">26 (17.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">48 (32.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">20 (13.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (10.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">49 (33.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">52 (35.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">56 (38.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">60 (40.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">57 (38.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">65 (44.2)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>p value</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.001</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.419</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.692</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.897</td>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">0.551</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN2001">
                  <p>*Multiple problems = combination of minor and major problems</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>The mean total score of the FSAS instrument reflected a state of mild anxiety in the population, represented by an average of 23.5 &#177; 11.0 in the 30-day assessment and 23.9 &#177; 11.3 in 180 days (p= 0.622). Analysis of the instrument&#8217;s items showed that more than 30% of patients marked response options that denote a higher anxiety level related to &#8220;being scared to exercise&#8221; and &#8220;being alone when the ICD fires and I need help.&#8221; (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t3001">
              <label>Table 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Distribution of participants&#8217; responses according to the items of the FSAS instrument in assessments carried out 30 and 180 days after the surgical procedure</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th colspan="2">Never</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Almost never</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Sometimes</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Almost always</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Always</th>
                    <th rowspan="3">p</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">FSAS items</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>1 - Fear of doing physical exercise</td>
                    <td align="center">50 (34.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">47 (32.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (6.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (8.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (15.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">20 (13.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (10.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">47 (32.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">52 (35.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.682</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>2 &#8211; Fear of being alone when receiving the shock</td>
                    <td align="center">70 (47.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">66 (44.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (8.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (7.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">17 (11.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (6.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (8.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">37 (25.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">40 (27.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.408</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>3 &#8211; Fear of getting nervous/upset</td>
                    <td align="center">75 (51.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">69 (46.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (8.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (8.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (6.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (6.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">31 (21.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">37 (25.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.466</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>4 &#8211; Concern about not knowing when the ICD will deliver a shock</td>
                    <td align="center">66 (44.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">64 (43.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (8.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (10.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (6.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (8.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">46 (31.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">43 (29.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.810</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>5 &#8211; Concern about the ICD not working</td>
                    <td align="center">65 (44.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">71 (48.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (10.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (15.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (15.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (10.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (5.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">37 (25.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">33 (22.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.152</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>6 &#8211; Fear of touching people</td>
                    <td align="center">112 (76.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">111 (75.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (6.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (2.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (10.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">17 (11.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.488</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>7 &#8211; Concern about scaring people with shock</td>
                    <td align="center">76 (51.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">80 (54.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (8.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (7.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (10.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">17 (11.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">10 (6.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (6.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">34 (23.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">30 (20.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.428</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>8 &#8211; Concern about noticing their heart racing</td>
                    <td align="center">68 (46.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">64 (43.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (7.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (12.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">21 (14.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (10.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (8.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (6.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">35 (23.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">40 (27.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.603</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>9 &#8211; Thinking about the shock all the time</td>
                    <td align="center">85 (57.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">75 (51.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (10.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">23 (15.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (12.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">17 (11.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (3.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (5.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">23 (15.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">24 (16.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.467</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>10 &#8211; Avoid sexual relations</td>
                    <td align="center">113 (76.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">106 (72.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (3.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (8.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (2.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (6.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (7.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (6.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.210</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN3001">
                  <p>ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; FSAS: Florida Shock Anxiety Scale.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>The mean total FPAS score was 72.6 &#177; 16.1 and 74.7 &#177; 19.4 (p= 0.086) at the respective assessment moments. The analysis of each item of the instrument showed that patients presented ICD acceptance levels close to adequate, with more than 80% agreeing that they would &#8220;receive the device again&#8221;, more than 70% considering &#8220;the device was the best treatment option&#8221;, and more than 60% responded that &#8220;the positive benefits of this device out-weigh the negatives&#8221; (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t4001">Table 4</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t4001">
              <label>Table 4</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Distribution of participants&#8217; responses according to the items of the FPAS instrument in assessments carried out 30 and 180 days after the surgical procedure</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" colspan="1" rowspan="2" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th colspan="2">Completely agree</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Partially agree</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Neither agree nor disagree</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Partially disagree</th>
                    <th colspan="2">Completely disagree</th>
                    <th rowspan="3">p</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                    <th colspan="2">
                      <hr/>
                    </th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">FPAS items</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                    <th>30 days</th>
                    <th>180 days</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>1 &#8211; Feeling depressed when thinking about the device</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (5.14)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (2.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (12.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">26 (17.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (6.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (6.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (5.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">102 (69.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">104 (70.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.739</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>2 &#8211; Avoid doing things you like</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">15 (10.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">37 (25.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">31 (21.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (3.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (10.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">20 (13.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">71 (48.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">74 (50.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.297</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>3 &#8211; Avoid activities because you feel uncomfortable with braces</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (8.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (12.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (7.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (2.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">17 (11.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">17 (11.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">88 (59.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">101 (68.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.027</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>4 &#8211; Difficulty living without thinking about the device</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (8.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">25 (17.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (15.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (3.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (10.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (10.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">82 (55.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">91 (61.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.138</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>5 &#8211; Consider the device as the best treatment option</td>
                    <td align="center">128 (87.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">115 (78.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (7.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (12.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (3.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (5.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (2.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (2.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.021</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>6 &#8211; Certainty of being able to return to work</td>
                    <td align="center">52 (35.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">49 (33.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">26 (17.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">25 (17.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (7.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (5.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (10.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (8.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">42 (28.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">52 (35.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.152</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>7 &#8211; Safety in relation to disease</td>
                    <td align="center">96 (65.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">91 (61.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">34 (23.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">35 (23.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (6.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">9 (6.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">5 (3.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.122</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>8 &#8211; The advantages of the ICD are greater than the disadvantages</td>
                    <td align="center">121 (82.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">114 (77.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (10.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">21 (14.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">8 (5.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (0.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (2.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.340</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>9 &#8211; Put the device back on</td>
                    <td align="center">124 (84.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">125 (85.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">12 (8.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">14 (9.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (2.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 (0.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">3 (2.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 (1.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.655</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>10 &#8211; Normal life</td>
                    <td align="center">41 (27.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">57 (38.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">64 (43.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">49 (33.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (2.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">23 (15.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (12.2)</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (8.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (12.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.628</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>11 &#8211; Doing things for the family</td>
                    <td align="center">28 (19.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (12.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">41 (27.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">43 (29.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 (4.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">22 (15.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">20 (13.6)</td>
                    <td align="center">50 (34.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">59 (40.1)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.133</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>12 &#8211; Concern about doing physical activities</td>
                    <td align="center">48 (32.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">33 (22.4)</td>
                    <td align="center">49 (33.3)</td>
                    <td align="center">44 (29.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">7 (4.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (2.7)</td>
                    <td align="center">11 (7.5)</td>
                    <td align="center">16 (10.9)</td>
                    <td align="center">32 (21.8)</td>
                    <td align="center">50 (34.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">0.002</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN4001">
                  <p>ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; FPAS: Florida Patient Acceptance Survey.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Predictors of quality of life, anxiety, and ICD acceptance</title>
          <p>Minimal important difference in the construct&#8217;s quality of life, anxiety, and ICD acceptance was observed in 33 (22.4%), 36 (24.5%), and 43 (29.3%) patients, respectively (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t5001">Table 5</xref>). The comparison of patient groups who achieved or did not achieve DMI for each of the studied outcomes allowed the identification that the groups exhibited similar characteristics concerning most of the studied variables. It is noteworthy that no significant differences were observed between patients undergoing the initial ICD implantation or reoperation, as detailed in the Supplementary Material (Table S1).</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t5001">
              <label>Table 5</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Minimal important difference for the studied outcomes obtained by comparing assessments carried out 30 and 180 days after the surgical procedure</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th>Quality of life (EQ-5D-3L)</th>
                    <th>Anxiety related to the ICD (FSAS)</th>
                    <th>Device acceptance (FPAS)</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Rate of individuals who did not achieve MID, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">114 (77.6%)</td>
                    <td align="center">111 (75.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">104 (70.7%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Rate of individuals who achieved MID, n (%)</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">33 (22.4%)</td>
                    <td align="center">36 (24.5%)</td>
                    <td align="center">43 (29.3%)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>MID value achieved</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">&gt; 0.102</td>
                    <td align="center">&gt; 5.48</td>
                    <td align="center">&gt; 6.66</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Scores of individuals who achieved MID, mean &#177; standard deviation</bold>
                    </td>
                    <td align="center">0.78 &#177; 0.2</td>
                    <td align="center">23.5 &#177; 10.9</td>
                    <td align="center">72.6 &#177; 16.7</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN5001">
                  <p>ICD: implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; MID: minimal important difference; EQ-5D-3L: EuroQoL 5-dimensions, 3 levels; FPAS: Florida Patient Acceptance Survey; FSAS: Florida Shock Anxiety Scale.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>Age equal to or greater than 60 years (OR=2.5; 95% CI=1.14-5.53; p=0.022), absence of atrial fibrillation (OR=3.8; 95%CI=1.26-11.63; p=0.017) and female gender (OR=2.2; 95%CI=1.02-4.97; p=0.045) were independent predictors of better responses to quality of life, anxiety, and ICD acceptance, respectively.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>Patient-reported outcomes are important health indicators, as they are reported from the individual&#8217;s own perspective regarding their illness and treatment, contributing to a patient-centered approach.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> Despite the safety that the ICD provides, individuals may progress with compromised quality of life, mainly as a result of shock therapies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Considering the need for a better understanding of the impact of the ICD, this study evaluated the quality of life, anxiety, and acceptance using the EQ-5D-3L, FSAS, and FPAS measuring instruments for the first time in Brazil.</p>
        <p>Our study reflects data from real clinical practice in a tertiary cardiology hospital, mainly because it includes all patients operated on in a given period, regardless of the clinical profile, the procedure performed, and the type of ICD. We found a similar proportion of patients with ischemic heart disease (27.2%), non-ischemic heart disease (27.2%), and Chagas disease (23.1%), and there was a greater representation of reoperation procedures (54.4%).</p>
        <p>The general health status results obtained by the visual analogue scale (EQ-VAS) in assessing the quality of life presented means ranging from 73.8 to 78.7, constituting similar values reported in the literature, which ranged from 62 .4 to 77.6, according to the study time and the ICD indication.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> The average scores obtained for the anxiety construct related to the ICD ranged from 23.5 to 23.9, denoting a mild anxiety level, similar to a cross-sectional study that reported average scores of 22.1 points.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The scores obtained for the device acceptance were from 72.6 to 74.7 in 30 and 180 days, respectively, showing an adequate acceptance level and similar to previous studies, which reported scores ranging from 64.7 to 66.5.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The rate of patients who achieved MID for the constructs quality of life, anxiety, and ICD acceptance was 22.4%, 24.5%, and 29.3%, respectively. The MID has been adopted in the literature because it reflects results that go beyond statistical significance values, enabling the detection of changes in the scores of measuring instruments that may represent significant changes from the patient&#8217;s point of view.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> A study that used the MID to classify individuals undergoing pacemaker implantation in relation to improvement in quality of life scores identified rates of 30% to 59% of patients who achieved MID.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup> Although the pacemaker is a very similar device to the ICD, by acting on heart rate correction, it promotes a noticeable hemodynamic benefit, such that patients usually report improvements in their symptoms. On the other hand, patients with ICDs generally do not perceive any clinical benefit after implantation of the device and still live with the fear of receiving shock therapies.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Notwithstanding that the study was not specifically designed to compare outcomes between different types of procedures, a similar proportion of patients achieving DMI was observed for the three analyzed constructs, both among individuals with a previously implanted ICD and those undergoing initial implantation. These findings suggest that the type of procedure, whether initial implants or reoperations, did not impact the study outcomes, in line with what has been already reported in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Age greater than or equal to 60 years was considered a predictor of quality of life, increasing the chances of obtaining better scores by 2.5 times. Consistent with these results, patients with a mean age of 64.7 &#177; 9.4 years in a cohort study presented better quality of life scores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Acceptance of the device could mainly explain the better quality of life in this age group, as compared to young</p>
        <p>individuals, since it has already been demonstrated that they have greater difficulties in accepting the ICD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> On the other hand, age over 60 years has also been identified as a predictor for compromised quality of life, justified by the perception of a worse state of health, concerns, and changes in the lifestyles of patients in this age group.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The absence of atrial fibrillation was identified as a predictor of better anxiety scores, increasing the chance of better responses by 3.8 times. Approximately 25% of patients with ICD have atrial fibrillation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> and anxiety in these individuals could be explained by concern about palpitations and the use of anticoagulants due to the risk of adverse effects, such as bleeding and thromboembolism.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup> Therefore, it is justifiable that patients in this study who had better anxiety scores were not diagnosed with atrial fibrillation.</p>
        <p>Female sex was identified as a predictor of better ICD acceptance scores, increasing the chance of better responses by 2.2 times. Although high ICD acceptance levels have been reported in the female population,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> it has also been demonstrated that women may have difficulties accepting the device due to the influence on body image.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Although this study enabled identifying predictors of better scores in PROs with ICDs, the generalization of the results is limited, mainly due to the fact that the sample size was reduced and that the data reflected the reality of a single institution. Conducting new studies with more representative samples and multicenter coverage may contribute to confirming the results, as well as identifying other predictors.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>The present study allowed us to better understand the profile of patients with ICDs in terms of quality of life, anxiety, and acceptance of the device and demonstrated the stability of the scores obtained between the two assessment moments. Identifying predictors for better quality of life scores, anxiety, and acceptance of the device can support implementing specific care for patients with a greater chance of presenting unfavorable results.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study association</p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by La&#237;sa Arruda Silva, from Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Enfermagem na Sa&#250;de do Adulto (PROESA) da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the CAPPesq under the protocol number 3.779.031. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p><bold>Sources of funding:</bold> This study was partially funded by FAPESP &#8211; 2018/09155-3.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
