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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">ZNfbdK9bxVDDx54sJvzG9QC</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000300208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240257</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>O Strain Atrial Esquerdo &#233; a Parte que Falta para Diagnosticar a Disfun&#231;&#227;o Diast&#243;lica em Crian&#231;as com Doen&#231;a Renal Cr&#244;nica?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8920-5173</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pena</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Luiz Barros</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais &#8211; P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Fel&#237;cio Rocho</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Fel&#237;cio Rocho &#8211; Ecocardiografia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Jos&#233; Luiz Barros Pena</bold> &#8226; Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais &#8211; P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275. CEP <postal-code>30130-110</postal-code>, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>jlbpena@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240257</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>16</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>24</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>&#193;trios do Cora&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Rim</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Crian&#231;a</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A ecocardiografia &#233; a modalidade de imagem mais importante para avaliar a fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica, parte essencial da avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Desde a sua publica&#231;&#227;o em 2016, as recomenda&#231;&#245;es da ASE/EACVI para avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica foram validadas em diferentes coortes, mas apresentam resultados conflitantes, principalmente quando se consideram pacientes com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (FE) preservada. Quando pacientes com FE preservada foram estudados em subgrupo separado, observou-se pior sensibilidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Esse grupo espec&#237;fico exige &#237;ndices alternativos, que poderiam ser incorporados ao algoritmo para diagnosticar com precis&#227;o a ICFEP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em crian&#231;as, a avalia&#231;&#227;o da fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica utilizando estes par&#226;metros habituais permanece mal definida no diagn&#243;stico e classifica&#231;&#227;o da gravidade da disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica. Por exemplo, a revers&#227;o das ondas E/A n&#227;o &#233; frequente em crian&#231;as com disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica estabelecida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Um m&#233;todo n&#227;o invasivo de medi&#231;&#227;o da rigidez do &#225;trio esquerdo (AE), onde E/e&#8217; foi usado como substituto da press&#227;o capilar pulmonar e corrigindo-a com <italic>strain</italic> do AE, parece melhorar a precis&#227;o da avalia&#231;&#227;o das press&#245;es de enchimento do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) em crian&#231;as.</p>
    <p>Da mesma forma, o &#237;ndice de enchimento do AE, calculado como a raz&#227;o entre a onda E mitral e o <italic>strain</italic> do reservat&#243;rio do AE, poderia diagnosticar disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica com press&#227;o de enchimento do VE elevado melhor do que E/e&#8217;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Existem fortes evid&#234;ncias em adultos de que o volume e a fun&#231;&#227;o do AE s&#227;o potentes preditores de diferentes desfechos card&#237;acos. A maioria dos pesquisadores utiliza cada vez mais esses dados para avaliar a fun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca em v&#225;rios cen&#225;rios de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. O estudo do AE que avalia a fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica do VE &#233; uma das aplica&#231;&#245;es mais significativas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na popula&#231;&#227;o pedi&#225;trica, os estudos ecocardiogr&#225;ficos sobre a fisiologia e fun&#231;&#227;o do AE s&#227;o escassos.</p>
    <p>O <italic>strain</italic> do &#225;trio esquerdo tornou-se um par&#226;metro valioso para avaliar a fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e estimar as press&#245;es de enchimento do VE. O <italic>strain</italic> do AE foi inicialmente medido por Doppler tecidual. Avan&#231;os na ecocardiografia com <italic>speckle tracking</italic> aumentaram a quantifica&#231;&#227;o do pico de expans&#227;o do AE durante a s&#237;stole do VE, denominada <italic>strain</italic> do reservat&#243;rio do AE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> O <italic>strain</italic> do reservat&#243;rio do AE est&#225; intimamente correlacionado com miopatia, fibrose do AE e press&#245;es de enchimento e pode prever insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, acidente vascular cerebral e mortalidade taxas na popula&#231;&#227;o geral.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Poucos estudos relataram o desempenho do conduto do AE ou do <italic>strain</italic> da bomba na fun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica do VE.</p>
    <p>A <italic>Task Force</italic> recomenda medir o AE por meio do <italic>speckle tracking</italic> em cortes apicais de 4 e 2 c&#226;maras.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> Na pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria, a obten&#231;&#227;o de imagens do teto do AE pode ser desafiadora e, em alguns casos, h&#225; uma grande varia&#231;&#227;o entre o <italic>strain</italic> do AE no septo interatrial e a parede livre da AE. Um estudo mostrou que o <italic>strain</italic> do conduto do AE estava diretamente relacionado &#224; velocidade diast&#243;lica precoce do anel mitral (e&#8217;) e uma rela&#231;&#227;o inversa com a fra&#231;&#227;o do volume extracelular mioc&#225;rdico medida por resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Foi demonstrado que a redu&#231;&#227;o no <italic>strain</italic> do reservat&#243;rio do AE precede altera&#231;&#245;es nos volumes do AE, pode estimar as press&#245;es de enchimento do VE em alguns casos e pode ser uma ferramenta robusta para detectar disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica subcl&#237;nica e prever o desenvolvimento de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca congestiva em pacientes com FEVE normal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O estudo de Penachio et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> cobrindo pacientes pedi&#225;tricos com doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica (DRC) &#233; muito apropriado porque a disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica do VE &#233; frequentemente encontrada nesta popula&#231;&#227;o espec&#237;fica e est&#225; frequentemente associada a complica&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares.</p>
    <p>Por outro lado, existem limita&#231;&#245;es para estabelec&#234;-la, sendo tamb&#233;m um desafio quantificar a disfun&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica em crian&#231;as.</p>
    <p>O grupo comprovou que a obten&#231;&#227;o do <italic>strain</italic> do AE em aparelho ecocardiogr&#225;fico comercial &#233; uma t&#233;cnica vi&#225;vel na avalia&#231;&#227;o diast&#243;lica na pr&#225;tica di&#225;ria, com variabilidade intra e interobservador encorajadora. Eles encontraram dados interessantes confirmando que a m&#233;dia isolada de E/e&#8217;, embora mais alta em crian&#231;as com DRC do que em controles, estava acima dos limites normais em apenas um paciente. Por outro lado, a rigidez e o &#237;ndice de enchimento do AE foram maiores. O <italic>strain</italic> do reservat&#243;rio do AE foi menor na hipertrofia do VE e na hipertens&#227;o n&#227;o controlada.</p>
    <p>Parece adequado incluir uma avalia&#231;&#227;o rotineira do <italic>strain</italic> do AE nesta popula&#231;&#227;o pedi&#225;trica espec&#237;fica para obter uma avalia&#231;&#227;o mais abrangente e integrativa.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Strain do &#193;trio Esquerdo pela T&#233;cnica de Speckle-Tracking: Contribui&#231;&#227;o para a Avalia&#231;&#227;o da Fun&#231;&#227;o Diast&#243;lica em Pacientes Pedi&#225;tricos com Doen&#231;a Renal Cr&#244;nica</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240257i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Is Left Atrial Strain the Missing Part to Diagnose Diastolic Dysfunction in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8920-5173</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pena</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Luiz Barros</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais &#8211; P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Fel&#237;cio Rocho &#8211; Ecocardiografia, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Jos&#233; Luiz Barros Pena</bold> &#8226; Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas de Minas Gerais &#8211; P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Alameda Ezequiel Dias, 275. Postal Code <postal-code>30130-110</postal-code>, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>jlbpena@cardiol.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Atria</kwd>
        <kwd>Kidney</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Child</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Echocardiography is the most critical imaging modality for assessing diastolic function, an essential part of the cardiac function evaluation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Since its publication in 2016, the ASE/EACVI recommendations for evaluating diastolic function have been validated in different cohorts but have shown conflicting results, especially when considering patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF). When patients with preserved EF were studied in a separate subgroup, a poorer sensitivity was observed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>This specific group calls for alternative indices, which could be incorporated into the algorithm to diagnose HFpEF accurately.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In children, the assessment of diastolic function using these usual parameters remains poorly defined in diagnosing and grading the severity of diastolic dysfunction. For example, E/A wave reversal is not frequent in children with established diastolic dysfunction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A noninvasive method of measuring left atrial (LA) stiffness, where E/e&#8217; was used as a substitute for pulmonary capillary wedge pressure and correcting it with LA strain, seems to improve the accuracy of assessment of left ventricle (LV) filling pressures in children.</p>
      <p>In the same way, the LA filling index, calculated as the ratio of mitral E wave to LA reservoir strain, could diagnose diastolic dysfunction with elevated LV filling pressure better than E/e&#8217;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Strong evidence exists in adults that LA volume and function are potent predictors of different cardiac outcomes. Most researchers increasingly use that data to evaluate cardiac function in various cardiovascular disease scenarios. LA study assessing LV diastolic function is one of the most significant applications.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In the pediatric population, echocardiographic studies on LA physiology and function are scarce.</p>
      <p>Left atrium strain has become a valuable parameter for assessing left ventricle diastolic function and estimating LV filling pressures. LA strain was initially measured by tissue Doppler. Advancements in speckle tracking echocardiography have incremented the quantification of the peak expansion of the LA during LV systole, named LA reservoir strain.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> LA reservoir strain closely correlates with myopathy, LA fibrosis, and filling pressures and can predict heart failure, stroke, and mortality rates in the general population.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Few studies have reported on the performance of LA conduit or pump strain in LV diastolic function.</p>
      <p>The Task Force recommends measuring LA by speckle tracking in apical 4-and 2-chamber views.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> In daily practice, imaging the LA roof can be challenging, and, in some cases, there is wide variation between LA strain in the interatrial septum and LA-free wall. One study showed that LA conduit strain was directly related to early diastolic mitral annulus velocity (e&#8217;) and an inverse relation with myocardial extracellular volume fraction measured by cardiac magnetic resonance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It has been demonstrated that reduction in LA reservoir strain precedes changes in LA volumes, can estimate LV filling pressures in some cases, and can be a robust tool to detect subclinical diastolic dysfunction and predict the development of congestive heart failure in patients with normal LVEF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The study by Penachio et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> covering pediatric patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is very reasonable because LV diastolic dysfunction is frequently found in this particular population and is often associated with cardiovascular complications.</p>
      <p>On the other hand, there are limitations to establishing it, and it is also a challenge to quantify diastolic dysfunction in children.</p>
      <p>The group proved that obtaining LA strain from a commercial echocardiography machine is a feasible technique concerning diastolic evaluation in daily practice, with encouraging intra-and interobserver variability. They found exciting data confirming that isolated average E/e&#8217;, although higher in CKD children than controls, was above normal limits in only one patient. On the other hand, LA stiffness and filling index were higher. LA reservoir strain was lower in LV hypertrophy and uncontrolled hypertension.</p>
      <p>It seems adequate to include a routine evaluation of LA strain in this specific pediatric population to obtain a more comprehensive and integrative appraisal.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Speckle-Tracking: Incremental Role in Diastolic Assessment of Pediatric Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
