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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">GtZ5hFyc9S4VSQMLZX6ktwC</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000300203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240168</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Import&#226;ncia da Caracteriza&#231;&#227;o da Dor Tor&#225;cica na Conduta em Angina Inst&#225;vel</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9131-0439</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rassi</surname>
            <given-names>Daniela do Carmo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3778-7153</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Aguinaldo Figueiredo</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7210-6486</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rassi</surname>
            <given-names>Salvador</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Daniela do Carmo Rassi</bold> &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina &#8211; FM/UFG &#8211; Rua 235, s/n. CEP <postal-code>74605-050</postal-code>, Setor Leste Universit&#225;rio, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>dani.rassi@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>06</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20240168</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>20</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Perf&#233;rica</kwd>
        <kwd>Isquemia Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Dor no Peito</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="6"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A angina inst&#225;vel &#233; uma entidade cl&#237;nica de grande complexidade e cujo diagn&#243;stico correto &#233; fundamental para uma conduta apropriada. Esta terminologia, angina inst&#225;vel, tende a entrar em desuso. Como defende a &#250;ltima Diretriz Europeia para Manuseio de S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda de 2020,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> ela seria englobada sob a denomina&#231;&#227;o de S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda (angina inst&#225;vel, infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio com supra e sem supra de ST). Seu diagn&#243;stico &#233; essencialmente cl&#237;nico, com altera&#231;&#245;es inespec&#237;ficas no eletrocardiograma e sem eleva&#231;&#227;o plasm&#225;tica de marcadores de necrose mioc&#225;rdica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda quando temos altera&#231;&#245;es eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas e documenta&#231;&#227;o de inj&#250;ria mioc&#225;rdica, j&#225; h&#225; uma conduta estabelecida que seria o cateterismo precoce e a interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria, se aplic&#225;vel.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Na aus&#234;ncia destes marcadores, n&#227;o temos ainda uma conduta estabelecida.</p>
    <p>Neste estudo "Avalia&#231;&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manejo da angina inst&#225;vel em pronto-socorro terci&#225;rio de cardiologia" os autores t&#234;m como objetivo prim&#225;rio avaliar o manejo da angina inst&#225;vel nesta situa&#231;&#227;o, e como secund&#225;rio avaliar fatores associados a presen&#231;a de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) obstrutiva ou isquemia, pelo resultado de exames realizados na estratifica&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Para tanto, analisaram uma coorte retrospectiva de 729 pacientes internados por angina inst&#225;vel, em um per&#237;odo de 20 meses consecutivos, para identificar fatores associados &#224; indica&#231;&#227;o da estrat&#233;gia invasiva na angina inst&#225;vel em um banco de dados de um pronto-socorro terci&#225;rio em cardiologia.</p>
    <p>Na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos fatores associados &#224; estrat&#233;gia de estratifica&#231;&#227;o, os pacientes foram divididos em forma invasiva (cinecoronariografia) e n&#227;o invasiva (demais m&#233;todos). Para an&#225;lise de fatores relacionados &#224;s altera&#231;&#245;es nos exames de estratifica&#231;&#227;o, os pacientes foram divididos em grupos com ou sem doen&#231;a coronariana obstrutiva ou isquemia, conforme exames realizados. Na an&#225;lise multivariada, estiveram associados &#224; estratifica&#231;&#227;o invasiva, de forma independente, apenas o tabagismo, ex-tabagismo e principalmente dor tor&#225;cica tipo A. Estiveram associados &#224; doen&#231;a arterial coronariana obstrutiva ou isquemia, de forma independente, apenas a dor tor&#225;cica tipo B e a doen&#231;a arterial coron&#225;ria pr&#233;via.</p>
    <p>Estes achados levam os autores a conclu&#237;rem que o tipo de dor tor&#225;cica &#233; fundamental n&#227;o apenas para o diagn&#243;stico da angina inst&#225;vel, mas tamb&#233;m na defini&#231;&#227;o do tratamento adequado. Sugerem ainda que estes resultados destacam a import&#226;ncia de incorporar as caracter&#237;sticas da dor aos escores progn&#243;sticos endossados pelas diretrizes para otimiza&#231;&#227;o do manejo da angina inst&#225;vel. Tanto na Diretriz Brasileira de 2021<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> como na Diretriz Europeia de 2020,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> n&#227;o h&#225; uma enfatiza&#231;&#227;o sobre este assunto para as caracter&#237;sticas da dor tor&#225;cica na escolha do m&#233;todo de estratifica&#231;&#227;o. Os dados apresentados neste estudo evidenciam que o tipo de dor foi a vari&#225;vel mais relevante na escolha da estrat&#233;gia: pacientes com dor definitivamente anginosa (tipo A) tiveram mais de tr&#234;s vezes chances de ir para o cateterismo card&#237;aco e n&#227;o ao uso de escores progn&#243;sticos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Neste estudo chamam a aten&#231;&#227;o as caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas da popula&#231;&#227;o estudada, a maioria hipertensos (80%), diab&#233;ticos (47%) e portadores de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana pr&#233;via (60%). N&#227;o &#233; a popula&#231;&#227;o da maioria dos estudos de s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda e provavelmente isto se deve &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas da institui&#231;&#227;o, um pronto-socorro aberto de servi&#231;o terci&#225;rio do sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de. Outro fato n&#227;o usual, com rela&#231;&#227;o &#224;s caracter&#237;sticas de base dos pacientes, foi que a associa&#231;&#227;o das comorbidades (hipertens&#227;o arterial, diabetes, DAC pr&#233;via) auxiliassem na indica&#231;&#227;o de cateterismo card&#237;aco no cen&#225;rio da emerg&#234;ncia, obviamente por aumentarem a probabilidade de DAC. Entretanto, a &#250;nica comorbidade mais prevalente no grupo estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco foi o tabagismo. Ou seja, estes pacientes tinham tend&#234;ncia &#224; estrat&#233;gia invasiva direta na admiss&#227;o no pronto-socorro.</p>
    <p>Deve-se interpretar com ressalvas o fato de que a presen&#231;a de DAC pr&#233;via, hipertens&#227;o arterial e diabetes n&#227;o influenciaram na escolha do m&#233;todo de estratifica&#231;&#227;o. Uma explica&#231;&#227;o l&#243;gica seria que a alta preval&#234;ncia destas comorbidades nos pacientes com angina inst&#225;vel deste estudo podem ter enviesado os achados.</p>
    <p>Os autores comentam as principais limita&#231;&#245;es deste estudo, sendo o vi&#233;s da amostra estudada (centro terci&#225;rio, &#250;nico, de alta complexidade) o maior deles, devendo seus achados serem interpretados com cautela para outras popula&#231;&#245;es.</p>
    <p>Portanto, a resposta sobre o real benef&#237;cio da abordagem direta com cateterismo na angina inst&#225;vel ainda permanece incerta.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Avalia&#231;&#227;o Cr&#237;tica do Manejo da Angina Inst&#225;vel em Pronto-Socorro Terci&#225;rio de Cardiologia</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20240168i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Importance of Characterizing Chest Pain in the Management of Unstable Angina</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9131-0439</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rassi</surname>
            <given-names>Daniela do Carmo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3778-7153</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Aguinaldo Figueiredo</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7210-6486</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rassi</surname>
            <given-names>Salvador</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Daniela do Carmo Rassi</bold> &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina &#8211; FM/UFG &#8211; Rua 235, s/n. Postal Code <postal-code>74605-050</postal-code>, Setor Leste Universit&#225;rio, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>dani.rassi@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Peripheral Arterial Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Ischemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Chest Pain</kwd>
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Unstable angina is a clinical entity of great complexity and whose correct diagnosis is essential for appropriate management. This terminology, unstable angina, tends to fall into disuse. As advocated by the latest European Guideline for the Management of Acute Coronary Syndrome of 2020,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> it would be encompassed under the name Acute Coronary Syndrome (unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction with and without ST elevation). Its diagnosis is essentially clinical, with nonspecific changes on the electrocardiogram and without plasma elevation of markers of myocardial necrosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In Acute Coronary Syndrome, when we have electrocardiographic changes and documentation of myocardial injury, there is already an established approach that would be early catheterization and coronary intervention, if applicable.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In the absence of these markers, we do not yet have an established approach.</p>
      <p>In this study "Critical Assessment of the Management of Unstable Angina in a Specialized Cardiology Emergency Room", the authors have as their primary objective to evaluate the management of unstable angina in this situation, and as a secondary objective to evaluate factors associated with the presence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) or ischemia, based on the results of tests performed in stratification.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>To this end, they analyzed a retrospective cohort of 729 patients hospitalized for unstable angina, over a period of 20 consecutive months, to identify factors associated with the indication of an invasive strategy in unstable angina in a database from a tertiary cardiology emergency room.</p>
      <p>In evaluating the factors associated with the stratification strategy, patients were divided into invasive (coronary angiography) and non-invasive (other methods). To analyze factors related to changes in stratification exams, patients were divided into groups with or without obstructive coronary disease or ischemia, according to the exams performed. In the multivariate analysis, only smoking, ex-smoking, and mainly type A chest pain were independently associated with invasive stratification. Only type B chest pain and previous coronary artery disease were independently associated with obstructive coronary artery disease or ischemia.</p>
      <p>These findings lead the authors to conclude that the type of chest pain is fundamental not only for the diagnosis of unstable angina but also in defining appropriate treatment. They further suggest that these results highlight the importance of incorporating pain characteristics into prognostic scores endorsed by guidelines to optimize the management of unstable angina. Both in the Brazilian Guideline of 2021<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> and in the European Guideline of 2020,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> there is no emphasis on this subject for the characteristics of chest pain when choosing the stratification method. The data presented in this study show that the type of pain was the most relevant variable in choosing the strategy: patients with definitely anginal pain (type A) were more than three times more likely to undergo cardiac catheterization and not to use prognostic scores.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this study, attention is drawn to the clinical characteristics of the studied population, the majority of whom were hypertensive (80%), diabetic (47%), and had previous coronary artery disease (60%). This is not the population of most acute coronary syndrome studies and this is probably due to the characteristics of the institution, an open tertiary emergency room in the public health system. Another unusual fact, concerning the patients&#8217; basic characteristics, was that the association of comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, previous CAD) helped in the indication of cardiac catheterization in the emergency setting, obviously because they increased the probability of CAD. However, the single most prevalent comorbidity in the risk stratification group was smoking. In other words, these patients tended to adopt a direct invasive strategy upon admission to the emergency room.</p>
      <p>One must interpret with caution the fact that the presence of previous CAD, arterial hypertension, and diabetes did not influence the choice of the stratification method. A logical explanation would be that the high prevalence of these comorbidities in patients with unstable angina in this study may have biased the findings.</p>
      <p>The authors comment on the main limitations of this study, with the bias of the sample studied (tertiary, single, highly complex center) being the biggest one, and their findings should be interpreted with caution for other populations.</p>
      <p>Therefore, the answer to the real benefit of the direct approach with catheterization in unstable angina still remains uncertain.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Critical Assessment of the Management of Unstable Angina in a Specialized Cardiology Emergency Room</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
