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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">dpFBhqcfnXszW7SmPrqPQcJ</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000300902</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00902</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230607</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Jejum Intermitente no Controle da Hipertens&#227;o: Temos Evid&#234;ncias Suficientes?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5537-9033</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Camargo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mariosa</surname>
            <given-names>Nat&#225;lia de Filippo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Caetano</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0954-4261</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Mikaelle Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s (UFG), Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da UFG, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>3</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Farm&#225;cia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Farm&#225;cia, Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s UFG, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Mikaelle Costa Correia &#8226;</bold> Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - 1 Avenida, Setor Leste Universit&#225;rio. CEP <postal-code>74605-050</postal-code>, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>mikaelleccorreia@gmail.com</email>, <email>mikaelle.pesquisa@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230607</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Jejum</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Rigidez Arterial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>Prezado Editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>O estudo publicado por Demirci et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> traz uma discuss&#227;o interessante e atual ao avaliar o efeito do jejum intermitente (JI) na press&#227;o arterial, no sistema renina angiotensina (SRA) e no sistema nervoso aut&#244;nomo (SNA) em pacientes hipertensos atrav&#233;s da monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da press&#227;o arterial de 24 horas (MAPA), eletrocardiograma Holter e n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de Ang-I e Ang-II e atividade da ECA antes e ap&#243;s o JI. Entre os achados, destaca-se a redu&#231;&#227;o not&#225;vel da press&#227;o arterial nos pacientes submetidos ao JI, al&#233;m da diminui&#231;&#227;o na express&#227;o da Ang-II e ECA nesse mesmo grupo. Adicionalmente, a diminui&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de Ang-II foi identificada como um fator preditivo para a melhora da press&#227;o arterial ap&#243;s o JI.</p>
    <p>Considerando os resultados apresentados, gostar&#237;amos de discutir sobre alguns pontos que consideramos conflitantes em rela&#231;&#227;o a popula&#231;&#227;o estudada. Os participantes apresentavam baixo risco cardiovascular, eram hipertensos controlados e n&#227;o tinham comorbidades, no entanto, nos resultados de MAPA observamos um grupo com press&#227;o acima dos valores normais, o que poderia sugerir uma hipertens&#227;o mascarada n&#227;o identificada previamente. De forma complementar, os autores n&#227;o consideram poss&#237;veis mudan&#231;as no estilo de vida, o que poderia introduzir um vi&#233;s nos resultados obtidos e estas quest&#245;es devem ser consideradas na interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos achados e desenho do estudo.</p>
    <p>Partindo da ideia de que o Jejum Ramad&#227; (JR) &#233; considerado uma forma de JI at&#233; que ponto essa an&#225;lise seria v&#225;lida a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira? O JR &#233; um protocolo bem restrito e padronizado da cultura mu&#231;ulmana e parece n&#227;o se enquadrar as formas de JI praticadas pelos brasileiros, seja para redu&#231;&#227;o de medidas ou melhora da sa&#250;de.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Acreditamos que a pr&#225;tica do jejum de Ramad&#227; &#233; uma maneira severa de controle da press&#227;o arterial, principalmente neste estudo cuja popula&#231;&#227;o supostamente j&#225; est&#225; controlada e, al&#233;m de tudo, teria pouca ades&#227;o se aplicada &#224; sociedade.</p>
    <p>Por fim, para contribuir com os autores, indicamos a realiza&#231;&#227;o de estudos de rigidez arterial pela medida da velocidade da onda de pulso (VOP) e &#237;ndice de aumento (Aix). Essa avalia&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o invasiva tem se destacado como um forte preditor de eventos cardiovasculares<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> e pode complementar as an&#225;lises de MAPA e Holter nos pr&#243;ximos estudos do grupo. Estudos publicados at&#233; o momento s&#227;o escassos e os resultados conflitantes. Uma coorte de 71 pacientes, avaliou os efeitos do JR nos par&#226;metros de envelhecimento arterial, AIx e VOP em pacientes hipertensos com e sem doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica (DRC)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Concluiu que o JR est&#225; associado a um melhor controle da press&#227;o arterial perif&#233;rica e central em pacientes hipertensos com e sem DRC e que tamb&#233;m est&#225; associada &#224; melhora da complac&#234;ncia arterial (diminui&#231;&#227;o do AIx) em hipertensos sem DRC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Portanto, ressaltamos que a avalia&#231;&#227;o da rigidez arterial pode ser realizada de forma n&#227;o invasiva pela medida da VOP como uma ferramenta &#250;til na avalia&#231;&#227;o de estratifica&#231;&#227;o e risco para eventos cardiovasculares podendo ser considerada pelos autores Demirci et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230607i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Intermittent Fasting in the Control of Hypertension: Do We Have Enough Evidence?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5537-9033</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Adriana Camargo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mariosa</surname>
            <given-names>Nat&#225;lia de Filippo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Caetano</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0954-4261</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Mikaelle Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s (UFG), Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff5">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da UFG, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff6">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Farm&#225;cia, Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s UFG, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Mikaelle Costa Correia &#8226;</bold> Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s - 1 Avenida, Setor Leste Universit&#225;rio. Postal Code <postal-code>74605-050</postal-code>, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>mikaelleccorreia@gmail.com</email>, <email>mikaelle.pesquisa@gmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Fasting</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Pressure</kwd>
        <kwd>Arterial Stiffness</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>Dear Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>The study published by Demirci et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> brings up an interesting and current discussion by evaluating the effect of intermittent fasting (IF) on blood pressure, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), and the autonomic nervous system (ANS) in hypertensive patients using 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), Holter electrocardiogram, serum levels of Ang-I and Ang-II and ACE activity before and after IF. Among the findings was a notable reduction in blood pressure in patients undergoing IF, as well as a decreased expression of Ang-II and ACE in this same group. In addition, the reduction in Ang-II levels was identified as a predictive factor for blood pressure improvement after IF.</p>
      <p>Considering the results presented, we would like to discuss some points that we consider to be conflicting about the population. The participants had low cardiovascular risk and were controlled hypertension and had no comorbidities, however, in the MAP results, we observed a group with pressure above normal values, which could suggest normal values and masked hypertension not previously identified. In addition, the authors did not consider the possible lifestyle changes, which could introduce a bias in the results obtained. These issues should be considered when interpreting the findings and study design.</p>
      <p>Considering the results presented, we would like to discuss some points that we consider conflicting in relation to the studied population. The participants had low cardiovascular risk, were controlled hypertensive, and had no comorbidities; however, in the ABPM results, we observed a group with pressure above normal values, which could suggest previously unidentified masked hypertension. Additionally, the authors do not consider possible changes in lifestyle, which could introduce a bias in the results obtained, and these issues must be considered when interpreting the findings and designing the study.</p>
      <p>Based on the idea that Ramadan Fasting (RF) is considered, how valid this analysis would be for the Brazilian population? RF is a standardized protocol of Muslim culture and does not seem to fit in with the forms of IF practiced by Brazilians, either to reduce blood pressure or health improvement.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> We believe that fasting during Ramadan is a severe way of controlling blood pressure, especially in this study, whose population is supposedly already under control and, moreover, would have little adherence if applied to society.</p>
      <p>Finally, to help the authors, we recommend carrying out studies of arterial stiffness by measuring pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (Aix). This non-invasive assessment has stood out as a strong predictor of cardiovascular events<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> and can complement the analysis in the group&#8217;s forthcoming studies. Studies published to date are scarce, and the results are conflicting. A cohort of 71 evaluated the effects of JR on arterial aging parameters, AIx, and OPV in hypertensive patients with and without chronic kidney disease (CKD).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> It concluded that RF is associated with better control of peripheral and central blood pressure in hypertensive patients with and without CKD and it is associated with improved arterial compliance (decreased AIx) in hypertensive patients without CKD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Therefore, we emphasize that the assessment of arterial stiffness can be carried out non-invasively by measuring PWV as a useful tool in assessing risk stratification for cardiovascular events and can be considered by the authors Demirci et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
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