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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">jmppkg4KCKGftPcR68SbxkD</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000300901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230579</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Pontos-Chave na Estimativa dos Par&#226;metros Hemodin&#226;micos Vasculares Pulmonares</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5151-5133</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>&#350;ener</surname>
            <given-names>Yusuf Ziya</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Internal Medicine Department</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Ankara</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turquia</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine &#8211; Internal Medicine Department, Ankara &#8211; Turquia</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Yusuf Ziya &#350;ener</bold> &#8226; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine &#8211; Internal Medicine Department &#8211; S&#305;hhiye/Ankara Ankara <postal-code>06100</postal-code> &#8211; Turquia. E-mail: <email>yzsener@yahoo.com.tr</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230579</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>11</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Propulsora Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Anemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Cateterismo Card&#237;aco</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="6"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>Prezado Editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Li com grande interesse o manuscrito comparando as medidas hemodin&#226;micas do leito vascular pulmonar obtidas por ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica e cateterismo card&#237;aco invasivo direito. Os autores relataram que, embora os resultados de ambas as interven&#231;&#245;es diagn&#243;sticas se correlacionem, quase metade das medidas ecocardiogr&#225;ficas da press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar e da press&#227;o atrial direita s&#227;o precisas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O status do volume &#233; crucial na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos vasculares pulmonares. A medida ecocardiogr&#225;fica &#233; realizada em ambulat&#243;rio; entretanto, o cateterismo card&#237;aco &#233; realizado em uma unidade de cateter. Os pacientes submetidos ao cateterismo card&#237;aco geralmente s&#227;o aconselhados a n&#227;o comer ou beber nada algumas horas antes do procedimento. Al&#233;m disso, pacientes com sobrecarga de volume podem ter sido tratados com diur&#233;ticos para que tolerassem ficar deitados durante o procedimento. Par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos como press&#227;o capilar pulmonar, press&#227;o arterial pulmonar e press&#227;o atrial direita s&#227;o afetados pelo status do volume.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> O status do volume pode ter mudado durante o intervalo de tr&#234;s meses entre a avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica e o cateterismo card&#237;aco.</p>
    <p>O n&#237;vel de hemoglobina tem impacto na press&#227;o da art&#233;ria pulmonar. A anemia grave causa vasoconstri&#231;&#227;o pulmonar e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca de alto d&#233;bito.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Por outro lado, a defici&#234;ncia de ferro que resulta em anemia se desenvolve com base em v&#225;rios mecanismos na hipertens&#227;o pulmonar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Portanto, o c&#237;rculo vicioso entre hipertens&#227;o pulmonar e anemia deve ser levado em considera&#231;&#227;o na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos par&#226;metros hemodin&#226;micos vasculares pulmonares.</p>
    <p>Para concluir, embora tenha sido relatado que o intervalo de tr&#234;s meses entre as duas modalidades diagn&#243;sticas foi uma limita&#231;&#227;o, deve-se notar que o status do volume e os n&#237;veis de hemoglobina podem ter sido diferentes e possivelmente afetaram os resultados durante as duas medi&#231;&#245;es distintas.</p>
  </body>
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  </back>
  <response response-type="reply" xml:lang="pt" id="R1">
    <front-stub>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230579i</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rezende</surname>
            <given-names>Camila Farnese</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mancuzo</surname>
            <given-names>Eliane Viana</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Nunes</surname>
            <given-names>Maria do Carmo Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Corr&#234;a</surname>
            <given-names>Ricardo Amorim</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>Prezado Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>Gostar&#237;amos de agradecer os coment&#225;rios muito pertinentes e esclarecedores do leitor sobre as vari&#225;veis que t&#234;m o potencial de explicar discord&#226;ncias entre as estimativas ecocardiogr&#225;ficas (ECO) das press&#245;es sist&#243;licas do &#225;trio direito (PAD) e da art&#233;ria pulmonar (PSAP) e aquelas obtidas por cateterismo direto das c&#226;maras card&#237;acas direitas e da art&#233;ria pulmonar (CCD).</p>
      <p>Concordamos com os coment&#225;rios. O estado do volume intravascular pode variar ao longo de um intervalo de tr&#234;s meses, especialmente em pacientes ambulatoriais. &#201; sabido que esta avalia&#231;&#227;o pelo ECO &#233; complexa, dependendo dos par&#226;metros da veia cava inferior e at&#233; mesmo da medida invasiva da press&#227;o venosa central, o que n&#227;o &#233; feito rotineiramente na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica. Embora esta seja uma limita&#231;&#227;o do estudo, na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica o volume plasm&#225;tico pode variar, e a avalia&#231;&#227;o da sobrecarga de volume geralmente &#233; verificada pela presen&#231;a de edema perif&#233;rico e peso corporal. Por outro lado, tamb&#233;m quer&#237;amos demonstrar que o ecocardiograma, mesmo nessas circunst&#226;ncias, tinha um alto poder de discriminar quem realmente tinha diagn&#243;stico confirmado de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, apesar das diverg&#234;ncias nas medidas diretas.</p>
      <p>Quanto ao intervalo entre o ecocardiograma inicial e o cateterismo card&#237;aco direito no presente estudo &#8211; realizado nas condi&#231;&#245;es da pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica habitual &#8211; vale ressaltar que discord&#226;ncias entre essas medidas tamb&#233;m foram relatadas por Fisher et al. em seu estudo realizado em condi&#231;&#245;es nas quais os procedimentos foram realizados com intervalo de apenas uma hora.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">1</xref></sup> Por outro lado, Farber et al. relataram resultados semelhantes ao analisarem dados do grande registro norte-americano de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar &#8211; REVEAL, onde o intervalo entre os exames foi ainda maior, com no m&#225;ximo 12 meses. Neste estudo, usando o CCD como refer&#234;ncia, o ECO foi considerado impreciso em 57,4% das estimativas da PSAP (&gt;10 mmHg acima ou abaixo do CCD) e em 36,5% das estimativas m&#233;dias da PAD (&gt;5 mmHg acima ou abaixo do CCD). Vale ressaltar que a correla&#231;&#227;o entre o RHC inicial e os par&#226;metros ECO iniciais foi semelhante quer os exames tenham sido realizados no mesmo dia, no mesmo m&#234;s, ou 1 a 3 meses, 3 a 6 meses ou 6 a 12 meses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Tamb&#233;m concordamos sobre o efeito da anemia e da defici&#234;ncia de ferro na hipertens&#227;o pulmonar. Ressalta-se que o n&#237;vel m&#233;dio de hemoglobina da s&#233;rie apresentada foi de 13,3 g/dL &#177; DP=0,9 (dados n&#227;o apresentados no artigo), sugerindo que no presente estudo esse efeito provavelmente n&#227;o foi significativo.</p>
      <p>Concluindo, gostar&#237;amos de enfatizar novamente que, apesar das diverg&#234;ncias observadas em termos absolutos das medidas de press&#227;o atrial direita e press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar, a indica&#231;&#227;o das medidas hemodin&#226;micas e o diagn&#243;stico final de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar n&#227;o foram afetados, uma vez que outros crit&#233;rios relevantes para o manejo diagn&#243;stico foram adotados, alertando-nos para o fato de que a estimativa ecocardiogr&#225;fica absoluta da press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar muitas vezes n&#227;o &#233; suficiente para reduzir a probabilidade de diagn&#243;stico dessa condi&#231;&#227;o. O volume e o n&#237;vel de hemoglobina do paciente devem ser adequadamente avaliados no contexto do diagn&#243;stico de hipertens&#227;o pulmonar.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
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        <ref id="B5">
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  </response>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Key Points in Estimating Pulmonary Vascular Hemodynamic Parameters</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5151-5133</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>&#350;ener</surname>
            <given-names>Yusuf Ziya</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Ankara</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="TR">Turkey</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine &#8211; Internal Medicine Department, Ankara &#8211; Turkey</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Yusuf Ziya &#350;ener</bold> &#8226; Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine &#8211; Internal Medicine Department &#8211; S&#305;hhiye/Ankara Ankara <postal-code>06100</postal-code> &#8211; Turkey. E-mail: <email>yzsener@yahoo.com.tr</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Pulmonary Wedge Pressure</kwd>
        <kwd>Anemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Catheterization</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>Dear Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>I have read the manuscript comparing the hemodynamic measurements of pulmonary vascular bed obtained from transthoracic echocardiography and invasive right heart catheterization with great interest. The authors reported that although the results of both diagnostic interventions correlate with each other, nearly half of echocardiographic measurements of systolic pulmonary artery pressure and right atrial pressure are accurate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Volume status is crucial in the assessment of pulmonary vascular hemodynamic parameters. Echocardiographic measurement is performed in an outpatient clinic; however, heart catheterization is performed in a catheter unit. Patients undergoing heart catheterization are usually advised not to eat or drink anything a few hours before the procedure. Moreover, patients with volume overload might have been treated with diuretics in order to tolerate lying down during the procedure. Hemodynamic parameters such as pulmonary capillary wedge pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and right atrial pressure are affected by volume status.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Volume status might have changed during the three-month interval between echocardiographic assessment and heart catheterization.</p>
      <p>Hemoglobin level has an impact on pulmonary artery pressure. Severe anemia causes pulmonary vasoconstriction and high-output heart failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> On the other hand, iron deficiency resulting in anemia develops on the basis of several mechanisms in pulmonary hypertension.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Therefore, the vicious cycle between pulmonary hypertension and anemia should be taken into account in the assessment of pulmonary vascular hemodynamic parameters.</p>
      <p>To conclude, although it was reported that the three-month interval between the two diagnostic modalities was a limitation, it should be noted that volume status and hemoglobin levels might have been different and possibly affected the results during the two distinct measurements.</p>
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    <response response-type="reply" xml:lang="en" id="R2">
      <front-stub>
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          <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
            <subject>Reply</subject>
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        <title-group>
          <article-title>Reply</article-title>
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        <contrib-group>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rezende</surname>
              <given-names>Camila Farnese</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Mancuzo</surname>
              <given-names>Eliane Viana</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nunes</surname>
              <given-names>Maria do Carmo Pereira</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Corr&#234;a</surname>
              <given-names>Ricardo Amorim</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
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        <p>
          <bold>Dear Editor,</bold>
        </p>
        <p>We would like to thank you for the very pertinent and enlightening comments from the reader about the variables that have the potential to explain disagreements between echocardiographic (ECHO) estimates of right atrial (RAP) and pulmonary artery systolic pressures (PASP) and those obtained by direct catheterization of the right heart chambers and pulmonary artery (RHC).</p>
        <p>We agree with the comments. The status of intravascular volume can vary over a three-month interval, especially in outpatients. It is well known that this assessment by ECHO is complex, depending on the parameters of the inferior vena cava and even invasive measurement of central venous pressure, which is not routinely done in clinical practice. Although this is a limitation of the study, in clinical practice, plasma volume can vary, and the assessment of volume overload is usually verified by the presence of peripheral edema and body weight. On the other hand, we also wanted to demonstrate that the echocardiogram, even subject to these circumstances, had a high power to discriminate who actually had a confirmed diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension, despite the disagreements in the direct measurements.</p>
        <p>With regard to the interval between the initial echocardiogram and the right heart catheterization in the present study &#8211; performed under the conditions of usual clinical practice &#8211; it is worth noticing that disagreements between these measurements were also reported by Fisher et al. in their study carried out under conditions in which the procedures were done with an interval of just one hour.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">1</xref></sup> On the other hand, Farber et al. reported similar results when they analyzed data from the large North American pulmonary hypertension registry &#8211; REVEAL, where the interval between tests was even longer, with a maximum of 12 months. In this study, using RHC as the reference, ECHO was considered inaccurate in 57.4% of PASP estimates (&gt;10 mm Hg higher or lower than RHC) and in 36.5% of mean RAP estimates (&gt;5 mm Hg higher or lower than RHC). It is noteworthy that the correlation between initial RHC and initial ECHO parameters was similar whether the tests were performed on the same day, within the same month, or 1 to 3 months, 3 to 6 months, or 6 to 12 months.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">2</xref></sup></p>
        <p>We also agree on the effect of anemia and iron deficiency on pulmonary hypertension. It should be noted that the mean hemoglobin level of the series presented was 13.3 g/dL &#177; SD=0.9 (data not presented in the article), suggesting that in the present study, this effect was probably not significant.</p>
        <p>In conclusion, we would like to re-emphasize that, despite the disagreements observed in absolute terms of the measurements of right atrial pressure and pulmonary artery systolic pressure, the indication for hemodynamic measurements and the final diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension were not affected once other criteria relevant to diagnostic management were adopted, alerting us to the fact that the absolute echocardiographic estimate of pulmonary artery systolic pressure is often not enough to reduce the probability of diagnosing this condition. The patient's volume and hemoglobin level must be properly assessed in the context of the diagnosis of pulmonary hypertension.</p>
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