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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">nBxVTmrFkyTbzP69bKWjQ8c</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000200901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230433</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00901</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardio-Obstetr&#237;cia: Uma Subespecialidade Essencial em Ascens&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5686-7058</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Avila</surname>
            <given-names>Walkiria Samuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lucena</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Jorge Gomes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Agamenon Magalh&#227;es</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Agamenon Magalh&#227;es, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Walkiria Samuel Avila</bold> &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44. <postal-code>CEP 05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>walkiria@incor.usp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>05</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230433</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>06</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Cardiopatias</kwd>
        <kwd>Gravidez</kwd>
        <kwd>Tutoria</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="2"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, a doen&#231;a cardiovascular tornou-se a principal causa de morte relacionada &#224; gravidez. Esse fato deve-se &#224; crescente preval&#234;ncia de fatores de riscos para doen&#231;a cardiovascular em mulheres jovens, ao planejamento da gesta&#231;&#227;o em faixa et&#225;ria mais tardia da vida reprodutiva, e ao progressivo n&#250;mero de cardiopatias cong&#234;nitas no adulto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No Brasil, estima-se que 4% das gesta&#231;&#245;es ocorram em mulheres com cardiopatias, e essas representam a principal causa n&#227;o obst&#233;trica de morte materna. Acrescenta-se que as causas evit&#225;veis ou provavelmente evit&#225;veis dessas mortes alcan&#231;am &#237;ndices de at&#233; 80%, e que dois ter&#231;os dos &#243;bitos ocorrem ao longo de 12 meses ap&#243;s o parto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Ademais, estudos recentes demonstram que complica&#231;&#245;es espec&#237;ficas da gravidez como a doen&#231;a hipertensiva, diabetes gestacional, parto prematuro e restri&#231;&#227;o de crescimento intrauterino, est&#227;o associadas a maior risco de hipertens&#227;o arterial, doen&#231;a card&#237;aca isqu&#234;mica, e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca ao longo da vida. Isso representa um importante impacto na carga global de mortalidade no sexo feminino.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Diante desse cen&#225;rio, &#233; de se supor que a car&#234;ncia de conhecimentos espec&#237;ficos sobre os riscos imediatos e tardios impostos pela gravidez prejudica o aprimoramento na preven&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade decorrente das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares entre as mulheres.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Nesse sentido, a proposi&#231;&#227;o em constituir a Cardio-obstetr&#237;cia, como uma subespecialidade da Cardiologia, est&#225; em franca expans&#227;o em todo o mundo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A parceria de obstetras e ginecologistas com outros m&#233;dicos especialistas nas condutas durante a gesta&#231;&#227;o e ap&#243;s o parto, na avalia&#231;&#227;o dos riscos antes da concep&#231;&#227;o, e na aten&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria &#224; sa&#250;de da mulher com hist&#243;rico de gravidez complicada, &#233; a "pedra angular" da Cardio-obstetr&#237;cia. Essa interdisciplinaridade norteia decis&#245;es de conduta apoiadas na discuss&#227;o com os especialistas qualificados e treinados e valoriza a Bio&#233;tica para a integra&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica, moral e legal acerca das responsabilidades inerentes aos especialistas envolvidos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>)</p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>Figura 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Atua&#231;&#227;o da Cardio-obstetr&#237;cia na assist&#234;ncia, ensino e pesquisa relativo &#224; gravidez em pacientes poradoras de cardiopatias.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-02-e20230433-30433-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <p>A Cardio-obstetr&#237;cia &#233; uma especialidade em evolu&#231;&#227;o, com Posicionamentos e Diretrizes pr&#243;prios para os diversos padr&#245;es de atendimento, ampliando os horizontes e solidificando os alicerces da interdisciplinaridade de acordo com as demandas crescentes da popula&#231;&#227;o. Al&#233;m do mais, os desafios &#233;ticos e o escasso investimento em ensaios cl&#237;nicos na gesta&#231;&#227;o imp&#245;em a elabora&#231;&#227;o de registros nacionais e estudos multic&#234;ntricos na busca de evid&#234;ncias para a pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
    <p>Na verdade, os programas de resid&#234;ncia em Cardiologia n&#227;o incluem a Cardio-obstetr&#237;cia no dom&#237;nio de forma&#231;&#227;o e tampouco a admitem como uma &#225;rea importante para uma promissora carreira.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Assim, a falta de treinamento adicional n&#227;o permite o avan&#231;o dessa subespecialidade que permanece "nas m&#227;os de poucas m&#227;os.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesse sentido, h&#225; de se destacar que profissionais integrantes do Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo (InCor-HCFMUSP) constru&#237;ram um portf&#243;lio de expertise plenamente reconhecido. Hoje, ele corresponde ao N&#250;cleo de Ensino e Pesquisa em Cardiopatia e Gravidez e Aconselhamento Reprodutivo-InCor, que tem cumprido nas quatro &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> o compromisso de ser um modelo em capacita&#231;&#227;o al&#233;m de despertar a escolha da Cardio-obstetr&#237;cia como uma carreira m&#233;dica.</p>
    <p>Ainda assim, o Programa de Resid&#234;ncia M&#233;dica em Cardiologia de Adultos do InCor &#8211; 2022 que tem o intuito de se adequar &#224; realidade do mercado de trabalho nacional n&#227;o incluiu a Cardio-obstetr&#237;cia na grade curricular de preven&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular e promo&#231;&#227;o da sa&#250;de no adulto.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Certamente, as comiss&#245;es respons&#225;veis pelos ajustes nos programas de resid&#234;ncia m&#233;dica dever&#227;o se alinhar &#224;s perspectivas mundiais no reconhecimento da Cardio-obstetr&#237;cia como subespecialidade singular e essencial na forma&#231;&#227;o do cardiologista.</p>
  </body>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardio-Obstetrics: A Critical, Growing Subspecialty</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5686-7058</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Avila</surname>
            <given-names>Walkiria Samuel</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lucena</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Jorge Gomes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Agamenon Magalh&#227;es, Recife, PE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Walkiria Samuel Avila</bold> &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Av. Dr. Eneas Carvalho Aguiar, 44. Postal Code <postal-code>05403-000</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>walkiria@incor.usp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Heart Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Pregnancy</kwd>
        <kwd>Mentoring</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>In the last decades, cardiovascular diseases have become the leading cause of pregnancy-related deaths. This is due to the increasing prevalence of risk factors for cardiovascular disease in young women, late pregnancy planning, and the increasing number of cases of adult congenital heart disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In Brazil, it is estimated that 4% of pregnancies occur in women with heart disease, which represents the main non-obstetric cause of maternal death. In addition, the preventable and probably preventable causes of deaths reach up to 80%, and two thirds of deaths occur within 12 months after delivery.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Also, recent studies have shown that specific complications of pregnancy such as hypertensive disease, gestational diabetes, premature delivery, and intrauterine growth restriction, are associated with a higher risk of arterial hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and heart failure over lifetime. This represents an important impact on global mortality burden in women.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this scenario, one may assume that advances in prevention of cardiovascular mortality in women are difficult because of the lack of knowledge about pregnancy-related short- and long-term risks.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In this regard, the interest in developing Cardio-obstetrics as a subspecialty of cardiology has grown worldwide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>&#8211;<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The collaboration of obstetricians, gynecologists and other medical specialists during pregnancy and postpartum care, in the assessment of risks before and after conception, and in primary care of women with a history of complicated pregnancy is the cornerstone of Cardio-obstetrics. This interdisciplinarity provides guidance based on discussions with qualified and trained experts, as well as on bioethics to integrate ethics, moral, and legal issues regarding the responsibilities of each specialist involved.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figure 1</xref>)</p>
      <fig id="f2">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>The role of cardio-obstetrics in assistance, education and research related to pregnancy in cardiovascular patients.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-121-02-e20230433-30433-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      <p>Cardio-obstetrics is a changing subspecialty, with its own positioning and guidelines for different patterns of care, expanding horizons and laying the foundation for interdisciplinarity according to the increasing demand from the population. Besides, due to ethical challenges and poor investment in clinical trials with pregnant women, there is a need for national registries and multicentric studies to search for evidence for clinical practice.</p>
      <p>In fact, Cardio-obstetrics is not included in the formation domain of Cardiology fellowship programs and is even not regarded as an important field for a promising career.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Thus, the lack of additional training limits the advance of this subspecialty, which remains in the hands of few people.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It is crucial to highlight that members of the Heart Institute (InCor) of the Sao Paulo Medical School's General Hospital, University of Sao Paulo, have built a renowned expertise portfolio. Today, it corresponds to the <italic>N&#250;cleo de Ensino e Pesquisa em Cardiopatia e Gravidez e Aconselhamento Reprodutivo-InCor</italic> (Center for education and research in heart disease and pregnancy and reproduction counseling-InCor). For the last four decades,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> this center has made the commitment to be a model of capacitation and foster the choice for Cardio-obstetrics as a medical career.</p>
      <p>Nevertheless, the InCor Adult Cardiology Fellowship Program (2022), which claims to be aimed at adapting to the Brazilian national labor, has not included "Cardio-obstetrics" in the curricular track of cardiovascular prevention and health promotion in adults.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Certainly, the committees responsible for the adjustments in the medical fellowship programs should align with the world's perspective on Cardio-obstetrics as a unique and essential subspecialty in Cardiology Education.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
