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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">HQcFHz7tWsKhvWvwV8s9S3c</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000100204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230834</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Zebras Tamb&#233;m Existem!</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8071-924X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Antunes</surname>
            <given-names>Murillo de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bragan&#231;a Paulista</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade S&#227;o Francisco (USF), Bragan&#231;a Paulista, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universit&#225;rio S&#227;o Franscisco de Assis na Provid&#234;ncia de Deus</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bragan&#231;a Paulista</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio S&#227;o Franscisco de Assis na Provid&#234;ncia de Deus, Bragan&#231;a Paulista, SP - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Murillo de Oliveira Antunes</bold> &#8226; Centro de Cardiologia S&#227;o Francisco Av. S&#227;o Francisco de Assis, 260 - Cidade Universit&#225;ria, CEP <postal-code>12916-542</postal-code>, Bragan&#231;a Paulista, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>dr.murilloantunes@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <corresp id="c2">Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Diferen&#231;as entre Duas Condi&#231;&#245;es Card&#237;acas Hipertr&#243;ficas Distintas: Doen&#231;a de Fabry Versus Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230834</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>01</month>
          <year>2024</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a de Fabry/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as do Rec&#233;m-Nascido</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertrofia Ventricular Esquerda</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica/diagn&#243;stico por imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapia de Reposi&#231;&#227;o Enzim&#225;tica</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Raras</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A doen&#231;a de Fabry (DF) &#233; uma doen&#231;a rara de armazenamento lisoss&#244;mico heredit&#225;rio ligado ao cromossomo X, causado pela atividade deficiente da enzima alfa-galactosidase A que leva ao ac&#250;mulo de globotriasilceramida (Gb3) nos tecidos afetados, incluindo o cora&#231;&#227;o, c&#233;rebro e rins.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Na DF a les&#227;o card&#237;aca inicia-se cedo progredindo de forma subcl&#237;nica antes do aparecimento de sintomas e geralmente se manifesta como hipertrofia ventricular esquerda simulando cardiomiopatia hipertrofia (CMH).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Estudos recente demonstraram uma preval&#234;ncia de DF at&#233; 5% em pacientes que tinham como diagn&#243;stico inicial CMH.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Ap&#243;s a introdu&#231;&#227;o da terapia de reposi&#231;&#227;o enzim&#225;tica, a DF merece aten&#231;&#227;o especial no diagn&#243;stico diferencial nos pacientes com hipertrofia ventricular inexplicada e CMH, pois &#233; uma cardiopatia que apresenta tratamento espec&#237;fico, por&#233;m o diagn&#243;stico e tratamento precoce s&#227;o fundamentais para prevenir a progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a reduzindo as taxas de eventos cardiovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Com o objetivo de investigar as diferen&#231;as cl&#237;nicas e de exames entre CMH e DF, o estudo de Akhan et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> avaliou de forma retrospectiva 60 pacientes com CMH e 40 com DF. Nessa popula&#231;&#227;o, com idade m&#233;dia semelhante, os autores evidenciaram, de maneira geral, que as caracter&#237;sticas das duas condi&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas compartilham mais semelhan&#231;as que diferen&#231;as, tornando o diagn&#243;stico um desafio na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
    <p>Os autores indicaram que o grupo com CMH apresenta altera&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas estrutural e funcionais mais significativas, resultando em sintomatologia mais pronunciada e na necessidade de interven&#231;&#245;es medicamentosa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Estes achados corroboram o mecanismo fisiopatol&#243;gico implicado na origem das duas doen&#231;as, enquanto na CMH as muta&#231;&#245;es nos genes do sarc&#244;mero card&#237;aco desencadeiam hipertrofia, desarranjo e fibrose, na DF o dep&#243;sito de Gb3 no cardiomi&#243;citos ativam mecanismos inflamat&#243;rios e neuro-hormonais envolvidos na forma&#231;&#227;o hipertrofia e fibrose tecidual, embora de forma indireta e em menor magnitude.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A diminui&#231;&#227;o da taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular foi mais significativa na DF, visto que o comprometimento renal ocorre de maneira progressiva e precoce, no entanto &#233; importante destacar, que nesse contexto do diagn&#243;stico diferencial, &#233; um achado que deve ser cuidadosamente considerado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Os achados do ECG indicaram ter pouco valor para a diferencia&#231;&#227;o entre as duas cardiopatias. Algo relevante a ser considerado foi o intervalo QT, menor no grupo de DF, sugerindo que esta medida pode ser mais relevante que a redu&#231;&#227;o do intervalo PR (PQ) para diagn&#243;stico de DF, como tamb&#233;m demonstrado por Namdar et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p><italic>"Quando escutar batidas de casco, pense em cavalos, n&#227;o em zebras"</italic> (Dr. Theodore Woodward 1940), mas lembrem-se: zebras tamb&#233;m existem! No desafiador cen&#225;rio das doen&#231;as raras, como DF, negligenciar a possibilidade desse diagn&#243;stico pode resultar em atrasos e erros diagn&#243;sticos reduzindo os benef&#237;cios do tratamento espec&#237;fico. Portanto uma hist&#243;ria boa detalhada, especialmente com realiza&#231;&#227;o do heredograma familiar, juntamente com exame f&#237;sico minuciosos e reconhecimento das diferen&#231;as (muitas vezes sutis) nos exames complementares s&#227;o &#250;nicas pegadas que nos levam ao encontro das zebras.</p>
  </body>
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          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>43</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
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          <lpage>421</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1159/000488121</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
        <mixed-citation>9 Del Pino M, Andr&#233;s A, Bernab&#233;u A&#193;, de Juan-Rivera J, Fern&#225;ndez E, de Dios Garc&#237;a D&#237;az J, et al. Fabry Nephropathy: An Evidence-Based Narrative Review. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2018;43(2):406-21. doi: 10.1159/000488121</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Schmied</surname>
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            </name>
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              <surname>H&#252;rlimann</surname>
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          <article-title>Value of electrocardiogram in the differentiation of hypertensive heart disease, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, aortic stenosis, amyloidosis, and Fabry disease</article-title>
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          <year>2012</year>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S1" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Zebras Exist, Too!</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8071-924X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Antunes</surname>
            <given-names>Murillo de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bragan&#231;a Paulista</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Universidade S&#227;o Francisco (USF), Bragan&#231;a Paulista, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>3</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Bragan&#231;a Paulista</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Universit&#225;rio S&#227;o Franscisco de Assis na Provid&#234;ncia de Deus, Bragan&#231;a Paulista, SP - Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c3"><bold>Mailing Address: Murillo de Oliveira Antunes</bold> &#8226; Centro de Cardiologia S&#227;o Francisco Av. S&#227;o Francisco de Assis, 260 - Cidade Universit&#225;ria, Postal Code <postal-code>12916-542</postal-code>, Bragan&#231;a Paulista, SP - Brazil E-mail: <email>dr.murilloantunes@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <corresp id="c4">Short Editorial related to the article: Differences Between Two Distinct Hypertrophic Cardiac Conditions: Fabry Disease versus Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Fabry Disease/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Infant, Newborn, Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/diagnostic, imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Enzyme Replacement Therapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Rare Disease</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Fabry disease (FD) is a rare X-linked hereditary lysosomal storage disease caused by deficient activity of the enzyme alpha-galactosidase A that leads to the accumulation of globotriasylceramide (Gb3) in affected tissues, including the heart, brain, and kidneys.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> In FD, cardiac damage begins early and progresses subclinically before the appearance of symptoms and generally manifests as left ventricular hypertrophy simulating hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Recent studies have demonstrated a prevalence of FD of up to 5% in patients whose initial diagnosis was HCM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> After the introduction of enzyme replacement therapy, FD deserves special attention in the differential diagnosis in patients with unexplained ventricular hypertrophy and HCM, as it is a heart disease that requires specific treatment. However, early diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent the progression of the disease by reducing cardiovascular event rates.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>With the aim of investigating the clinical and exam differences between HCM and DF, the study of Akhan et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> retrospectively evaluated 60 patients with HCM and 40 with FD. In this population, with a similar average age, the authors showed, in general, that the characteristics of the two cardiac conditions share more similarities than differences, making diagnosis a challenge in clinical practice.</p>
      <p>The authors indicated that the HCM group presents more significant structural and functional cardiac changes, resulting in more pronounced symptoms and the need for drug interventions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> These findings corroborate the pathophysiological mechanism implicated in the origin of both diseases, while in HCM mutations in cardiac sarcomere genes trigger hypertrophy, disarray, and fibrosis, in FD, the deposition of Gb3 in cardiomyocytes activate inflammatory and neurohormonal mechanisms involved in the formation of hypertrophy and tissue fibrosis, although indirectly and to a lesser extent.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The decrease in the glomerular filtration rate was more significant in FD since renal impairment occurs progressively and early; however, it is important to highlight that in this context of diagnosis differential, it is a finding that must be carefully considered.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The ECG findings indicated that they have little value for differentiating between the two heart diseases. Something relevant to be considered was the QT interval, which was shorter in the FD group, suggesting that this measure may be more relevant than reducing the PR interval (PQ) for diagnosing FD, as also demonstrated by Namdar et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p><italic>"When you hear hoofbeats, think of horses, not zebras."</italic> (Dr. Theodore Woodward 1940), but remember: zebras exist too! In the challenging scenario of rare diseases such as FD, neglecting the possibility of this diagnosis can result in delays and diagnostic errors, reducing the benefits of specific treatment. Therefore, a good detailed history, especially with the family pedigree, together with a thorough physical examination and recognition of differences (often subtle) in complementary exams, are the only steps that lead us to meet the zebras.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
