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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">QpVwxqYDpXFpKKy49TCD5Xv</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000100201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230762</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Escores para o Diagn&#243;stico da Etiologia Maligna do Derrame Peric&#225;rdico: Uma Valiosa Ajuda Inicial na Investiga&#231;&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2284-8251</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Wolney de Andrade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal Fluminense</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Curso de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto Nacional de C&#226;ncer</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Curso de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardio-Oncologia, Universidade do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia &#8211; Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia &#8211; Instituto Nacional de C&#226;ncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Wolney de Andrade Martins</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal Fluminense - Medicina Cl&#237;nica - Rua Marques do Paran&#225;, 303, 6&#176; andar. CEP <postal-code>24030-215</postal-code>, Centro, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brasil. E-mail: <email>wolney_martins@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230762</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Derrame Peric&#225;rdico</kwd>
        <kwd>Tamponamento Card&#237;aco</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Neoplasias</kwd>
        <kwd>Progn&#243;stico</kwd>
        <kwd>Metastase/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Doen&#231;as no peric&#225;rdio s&#227;o prevalentes em pacientes com c&#226;ncer (CA). A presen&#231;a de derrame peric&#225;rdico (DP) nestes pacientes seguramente piora o progn&#243;stico. A possibilidade do tamponamento card&#237;aco acrescenta risco de morte.</p>
    <p>O artigo &#8220;<italic>Testes de Triagem Prevendo Met&#225;stase de C&#226;ncer na Etiologia do Derrame Peric&#225;rdico: HALP Score e PNI&#8221;</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> publicado nos ABC Cardiol traz &#224; discuss&#227;o o dilema cl&#237;nico da etiologia neopl&#225;sica do DP. A facilidade de acesso aos m&#233;todos de imagem tornou frequente o diagn&#243;stico do DP nos pacientes com CA e tornou tentadora a busca etiol&#243;gica. N&#227;o raramente nos deparamos com DP de etiologia inconclusiva ap&#243;s exaustiva investiga&#231;&#227;o. Por outro lado, o temor de deixar de fazer o diagn&#243;stico de um CA oculto &#233; preocupante. Sabemos que o DP no paciente com CA pode ser secund&#225;rio ao implante metast&#225;tico, &#224; invas&#227;o direta do tumor, &#224; obstru&#231;&#227;o linf&#225;tica, &#224; pericardite causada pela quimioterapia, imunoterapia ou radioterapia e &#224; pericardite de causas infecciosas comuns em imunodeprimidos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Ademais n&#227;o se podem descartar outras causas tais como doen&#231;a renal, hipotireoidismo, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, doen&#231;as autoimunes, correlatas ao CA ou n&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Alguns escores t&#234;m sido propostos, avaliados e validados para predizerem progn&#243;stico em pacientes com diversos tumores s&#243;lidos ou hematol&#243;gicos. A maioria se baseia na intensa e mantida inflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica e desnutri&#231;&#227;o ou catabolismo presentes nos pacientes com CA. Uma meta-an&#225;lise recente evidenciou que o HALP escore foi capaz de predizer sobrevida em pacientes com tumores s&#243;lidos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Os escores estudados neste artigo dos ABC tamb&#233;m t&#234;m sido aplicados para aferir progn&#243;stico em s&#237;ndromes cardiovasculares como a s&#237;ndrome coronariana aguda<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> e pacientes com acidente vascular cerebral.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Neste artigo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> 283 pacientes com DP foram avaliados retrospectivamente em casu&#237;stica acumulada em longos 16 anos de observa&#231;&#227;o. Dentre os pacientes com DP, 30% tiveram CA como etiologia, com predom&#237;nio do CA de pulm&#227;o e consequentemente o g&#234;nero masculino.</p>
    <p>A ideia central do artigo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> com importante aplicabilidade cl&#237;nica, &#233; predizer a etiologia neopl&#225;sica a partir de escores de f&#225;cil obten&#231;&#227;o derivados de vari&#225;veis acess&#237;veis. Estas vari&#225;veis s&#227;o secund&#225;rias ao estado inflamat&#243;rio sist&#234;mico e ao hipercatabolismo presente nos pacientes com CA. Foram estudados tr&#234;s escores que combinam a contagem de linf&#243;citos, plaquetas, albumina, hem&#225;cias, neutr&#243;filos, geralmente diminu&#237;dos no paciente com CA e a dosagem elevada da PCR. Duas formula&#231;&#245;es tiveram melhor desempenho em termos de sensibilidade e especificidade para predizerem a etiologia neopl&#225;sica. Elas foram o HALP e o PNI. Deve-se lembrar que outros biomarcadores podem auxiliar no diagn&#243;stico diferencial da etiologia do DP. A troponina se eleva no comprometimento mioperic&#225;rdico de qualquer etiologia. A velocidade de hemossedimenta&#231;&#227;o se eleva nas etiologias inflamat&#243;rias. Marcadores de doen&#231;as reumatol&#243;gicas podem ser &#250;teis. Pelo artigo publicado,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> conclui-se que os escores HALP e PNI funcionariam como indicativos da necessidade de investiga&#231;&#227;o mais dedicada para um CA subjacente, especialmente o CA de pulm&#227;o. Frente a suspei&#231;&#227;o de DP por met&#225;stase, os m&#233;todos de imagem se tornam mandat&#243;rios.</p>
    <p>Os resultados ora apresentados nos permitem especular se tais escores tamb&#233;m estariam alterados e funcionariam como preditores de CA em outras altera&#231;&#245;es cardiovasculares secund&#225;rias ao CA, tais como na doen&#231;a tromboemb&#243;lica, nas massas card&#237;acas, no diagn&#243;stico diferencial da endocardite infecciosa com trombo. Obviamente necessitamos de outros estudos direcionados.</p>
    <p>Ganhamos aqui neste artigo dos ABC uma possibilidade acess&#237;vel e n&#227;o invasiva de aumentar a probabilidade do diagn&#243;stico da etiologia neopl&#225;sica nos derrames peric&#225;rdicos dos pacientes com CA.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Testes de Triagem Prevendo Met&#225;stase de C&#226;ncer na Etiologia do Derrame Peric&#225;rdico: HALP Score e PNI</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Scores for Diagnosing the Malignant Etiology of Pericardial Effusion: A Valuable Initial Aid in the Investigation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2284-8251</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Martins</surname>
            <given-names>Wolney de Andrade</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Niter&#243;i</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Curso de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niter&#243;i, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Curso de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardio-Oncologia, Universidade do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia &#8211; Instituto Nacional de Cardiologia &#8211; Instituto Nacional de C&#226;ncer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Wolney de Andrade Martins</bold> &#8226; Universidade Federal Fluminense - Medicina Cl&#237;nica - Rua Marques do Paran&#225;, 303, 6&#176; andar. Postal Code <postal-code>24030-215</postal-code>, Centro, Niter&#243;i, RJ - Brazil. Email: <email>wolney_martins@hotmail.com</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Pericardial Effusion</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Tamponade</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Neoplasms</kwd>
        <kwd>Prognosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Acute Coronary Syndrome</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Pericardial diseases are prevalent in cancer (CA) patients. The presence of pericardial effusion (PE) in these patients certainly worsens the prognosis. The possibility of cardiac tamponade increases the risk of death.</p>
      <p>The article &#8216;<italic>Screening Tests Predicting Cancer Metastasis in the Etiology of Pericardial Effusion: HALP Score and PNI</italic>&#8217;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> published in ABC, brings to discussion the clinical dilemma of the neoplastic etiology of PE. The ease of access to imaging methods has made the diagnosis of PE common in patients with CA and made the etiological search tempting. It is not uncommon to come across PE with an inconclusive etiology after an exhaustive investigation. On the other hand, the fear of failing to diagnose a hidden CA is worrying. We know that PE in patients with CA can be secondary to metastatic implantation, direct invasion of the tumor, lymphatic obstruction, pericarditis caused by chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or radiotherapy, and pericarditis from infectious causes common in immunocompromised patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Furthermore, other causes cannot be ruled out, such as kidney disease, hypothyroidism, heart failure, and autoimmune diseases, whether related to CA or not.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Some scores have been proposed, evaluated, and validated to predict prognosis in patients with various solid or hematological tumors. Most are based on the intense and sustained systemic inflammation and malnutrition or catabolism present in patients with CA. A recent meta-analysis showed that the HALP score was able to predict survival in patients with solid tumors.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> The scores studied in this article published in ABC have also been applied to assess prognosis in cardiovascular syndromes such as acute coronary syndrome<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> and patients with stroke.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this article,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> 283 patients with PE were retrospectively evaluated in a case series accumulated over 16 years of observation. Among patients with PE, 30% had CA as the etiology, with a predominance of lung CA and, consequently, the male gender.</p>
      <p>The central idea of the article,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> with important clinical applicability, is to predict neoplastic etiology based on easily obtained scores derived from accessible variables. These variables are secondary to the systemic inflammatory state and hypercatabolism present in patients with CA. Three scores were studied that combined the count of lymphocytes, platelets, albumin, red blood cells, and neutrophils, generally reduced in patients with CA and high CRP dosage. Two formulations performed better in terms of sensitivity and specificity for predicting neoplastic etiology. They were HALP and PNI. It should be remembered that other biomarkers can help in the differential diagnosis of PE etiology. Troponin rises in myopericardial involvement of any etiology. The erythrocyte sedimentation rate increases in inflammatory etiologies. Markers of rheumatological diseases may be useful. From the published article,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> it is concluded that the HALP and PNI scores would act as indicators of the need for more dedicated investigation into an underlying CA, especially lung CA. When PE is initially suspected to be due to metastasis, imaging methods become mandatory.</p>
      <p>The results presented here allow us to speculate whether such scores would also be altered and would function as predictors of CA in other cardiovascular changes secondary to CA, such as thromboembolic disease, cardiac masses, and the differential diagnosis of infective endocarditis with thrombus. Obviously, we need other targeted studies.</p>
      <p>Here in this ABC paper, we gain an accessible and non-invasive possibility of increasing the probability of diagnosing neoplastic etiology in pericardial effusions in cancer patients.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short editorial related to the article: Screening Tests Predicting Cancer Metastasis in the Etiology of Pericardial Effusion: HALP Score and PNI</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
