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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">MZwM6bCVddpDBV3Y3tKmL9y</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2024000100101</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00101</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230688</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title><italic>Point-of-Care</italic> na Pr&#225;tica Cl&#237;nica: Realidade Consolidada</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0792-1211</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Francisco</surname>
            <given-names>Miguel Jos&#233;</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-0725-0761</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lira</surname>
            <given-names>Edgar Bezerra de</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7890-3248</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Queiroz</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Roberto Gomes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Faculdade Israelita de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de Albert Einstein</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Albert Einstein</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade Israelita de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de Albert Einstein (FICSAE) - Hospital Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Miguel Jos&#233; Francisco Neto &#8226;</bold> Faculdade Israelita de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de Albert Einstein (FICSAE) - Hospital Albert Einstein &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627. CEP <postal-code>05652-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>mjfneto@uol.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>121</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230688</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Ultrassonografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Medicina de Emerg&#234;ncia</kwd>
        <kwd>Faculdades de Medicina</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistemas Automatizados de Assist&#234;ncia Junto ao Leito</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A ultrassonografia e ecocardiografia com estudo Doppler representaram, ao longo das &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas, avan&#231;os muito expressivos na pr&#225;tica m&#233;dica em geral e, particularmente na medicina interna, promoveram verdadeira revolu&#231;&#227;o no exerc&#237;cio di&#225;rio sendo considerada uma ferramenta atualmente fundamental na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica. Esta aplica&#231;&#227;o do m&#233;todo inclui tanto o cen&#225;rio de atendimento de urg&#234;ncia quanto o ambulatorial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No cen&#225;rio da urg&#234;ncia, a consagra&#231;&#227;o inicial do protocolo FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) para o atendimento do trauma de forma sistematizada possibilitou a populariza&#231;&#227;o do uso do m&#233;todo e serviu de base para outras aplica&#231;&#245;es m&#250;ltiplas. Numa escalada de amplia&#231;&#227;o de aplica&#231;&#227;o em medicina de urg&#234;ncia, a sequ&#234;ncia inclui implanta&#231;&#227;o dos protocolos RUSH (Rapid Ultrasound for Shock and Hypotension) e C.A.U.S.E. (Cardiac Arrest Ultrasound Exam),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> ganhando espa&#231;o progressivamente como ferramenta de m&#250;ltiplas utilidades para uso no ensino m&#233;dico, pesquisa e na pr&#225;tica m&#233;dica ambulatorial.</p>
    <p>A ultrassonografia atualmente tem papel importante no ensino nas disciplinas de Morfologia integrada &#224; Imagem e Histologia, bem como &#224; Fisiologia, destacando-se sua aplica&#231;&#227;o sistem&#225;tica juntamente com metodologias ativas e dissec&#231;&#227;o eletr&#244;nica nos diversos sistemas do organismo. No curr&#237;culo de alguns cursos m&#233;dicos j&#225; se destaca como um diferencial importante, atuando como ponte segura entre o curso b&#225;sico e os est&#225;gios cl&#237;nicos, facilitando a autoconfian&#231;a, esp&#237;rito de lideran&#231;a e a capacidade de trabalhar com medicina baseada em evid&#234;ncia desde o in&#237;cio do aprendizado m&#233;dico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> No curso de gradua&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica, a aplica&#231;&#227;o do m&#233;todo tem sido considerada progressivamente ao longo de toda a grade curricular. Em disciplinas do m&#243;dulo b&#225;sico e pr&#233;-cl&#237;nico, representa uma ferramenta de integra&#231;&#227;o entre os diversos ciclos do curso m&#233;dico. &#201; integrado com muita propriedade, por exemplo, na explica&#231;&#227;o pr&#225;tica do d&#233;bito card&#237;aco, utilizando modelo vivo, na janela ecocardiogr&#225;fica correspondente com o graduando identificando facilmente a via de sa&#237;da do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo no estudo ecocardiogr&#225;fico, modulando positivamente a integra&#231;&#227;o morfofuncional. Desde a introdu&#231;&#227;o do estetosc&#243;pio no in&#237;cio do s&#233;culo XIX por Laennec, a ultrassonografia representa o maior avan&#231;o da proped&#234;utica m&#233;dica.</p>
    <p>Tamb&#233;m h&#225; que se destacar que o futuro aponta que a ultrassonografia evoluir&#225; a passos largos, com t&#233;cnicas quantitativas para avalia&#231;&#227;o de fibrose e gordura hep&#225;tica e, por outro lado, pela evolu&#231;&#227;o dos equipamentos em miniatura de uso manual e alta precis&#227;o, facilitando a utiliza&#231;&#227;o desta tecnologia nas fronteiras do atendimento, cen&#225;rio j&#225; amplamente consolidado e em expans&#227;o. Acrescente-se a isto a possibilidade de ser utilizado em exames &#224; beira do leito e unidades avan&#231;adas, com baixo custo e aus&#234;ncia de radia&#231;&#227;o ionizante. Ademais, com a crescente aplica&#231;&#227;o de sistemas objetivos de pontua&#231;&#227;o dos achados, sistematizando o estudo em graus crescentes de complexidade, amplia-se de forma c&#233;lere o uso do m&#233;todo ultrassonogr&#225;fico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No atendimento hospitalar, seja no pronto atendimento, nas enfermarias ou nas diversas unidades de interna&#231;&#227;o e terapia intensiva, destaca-se como ferramenta fundamental para garantir maior seguran&#231;a nos procedimentos invasivos e na complementa&#231;&#227;o do exame f&#237;sico, determinando, por conseguinte, melhores resultados no contexto evolutivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Particularmente no ambiente de atendimento ambulatorial, a ultrassonografia tem seu uso ampliado de forma definitiva. A aplica&#231;&#227;o desta tecnologia determina uma soma de sentidos pois condiciona a amplia&#231;&#227;o da proped&#234;utica. O POCUS (point-of-care ultrasound) representa uma atividade diferente do exame ultrassonogr&#225;fico completo que envolve documenta&#231;&#227;o e relat&#243;rio, sendo executado por especialista.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Neste novo contexto, a ultrassonografia amplia sobremaneira as potencialidades da proped&#234;utica em geral em todas as suas dimens&#245;es, particularmente na medicina interna, cardiologia e pneumologia, representando a transforma&#231;&#227;o digital em que a tecnologia dispon&#237;vel incrementa muito as compet&#234;ncias humanas, permitindo um avan&#231;o espetacular no diagn&#243;stico morfol&#243;gico unindo arte e ci&#234;ncia, potencializando o maior respeito ao paciente, que &#233; o atendimento com utiliza&#231;&#227;o racional do recurso, materializando a incorpora&#231;&#227;o do avan&#231;o tecnol&#243;gico e propiciando melhor experi&#234;ncia ao paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Esta quebra de paradigma requer da comunidade m&#233;dica brasileira e internacional algumas a&#231;&#245;es estruturantes, visando qualidade e seguran&#231;a na sua aplica&#231;&#227;o:</p>
    <list list-type="order">
      <list-item>
        <p>Por se tratar de m&#233;todo operador dependente, h&#225; necessidade de elabora&#231;&#227;o de um curr&#237;culo de treinamento e compet&#234;ncias m&#237;nimas para sua correta aplica&#231;&#227;o pelos profissionais j&#225; egressos das escolas m&#233;dicas;</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p>Inclus&#227;o nos curr&#237;culos m&#233;dicos da ultrassonografia e ecocardiografia como m&#233;todo de ensino da an&#225;tomo-morfologia b&#225;sica,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> face &#224; realidade atual consequente &#224;s m&#250;ltiplas experi&#234;ncias positivas de v&#225;rias institui&#231;&#245;es de classe mundial;</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p>Sistematiza&#231;&#227;o do ensino e aplica&#231;&#227;o da ultrassonografia no curr&#237;culo m&#233;dico, que j&#225; est&#225; aplicada na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica e ocorre em diversas unidades de atendimento e de terapia intensiva;</p>
      </list-item>
      <list-item>
        <p>Atua&#231;&#227;o das sociedades de especialidades, em conjunto com a Associa&#231;&#227;o M&#233;dica Brasileira, para normatizar o uso desta ferramenta como avan&#231;o tecnol&#243;gico definitivo.</p>
      </list-item>
    </list>
    <p>Nos &#250;ltimos anos houve uma explos&#227;o na literatura m&#233;dica do n&#250;mero de artigos cient&#237;ficos sobre o uso do POCUS,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> sendo que o n&#250;mero de publica&#231;&#245;es relacionadas a este m&#233;todo cresceu de uma m&#233;dia de 8,8 publica&#231;&#245;es/ano no per&#237;odo de 2000 a 2004 para 134,8 publica&#231;&#245;es/ano de 2015 a 2019. Desta forma, fica claro que a incorpora&#231;&#227;o da transforma&#231;&#227;o digital na atividade da proped&#234;utica j&#225; &#233; uma realidade consolidada, cabendo &#224; comunidade m&#233;dica dar o devido olhar para este importante passo evolutivo no exerc&#237;cio da medicina baseada em precis&#227;o e evid&#234;ncia, com responsabilidade para unir a experi&#234;ncia &#224; inova&#231;&#227;o,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> mantendo a somat&#243;ria dos achados como um efeito potencializador para melhores resultados, possibilitando a realiza&#231;&#227;o de uma proped&#234;utica mais completa para as pr&#243;ximas gera&#231;&#245;es.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
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      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Point-of-Care in Clinical Practice: Consolidated Reality</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0792-1211</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Francisco</surname>
            <given-names>Miguel Jos&#233;</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0009-0001-0725-0761</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lira</surname>
            <given-names>Edgar Bezerra de</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7890-3248</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Queiroz</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Roberto Gomes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Faculdade Israelita de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de Albert Einstein (FICSAE) - Hospital Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Miguel Jos&#233; Francisco Neto &#8226;</bold> Faculdade Israelita de Ci&#234;ncias da Sa&#250;de Albert Einstein (FICSAE) - Hospital Albert Einstein &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627. Postal Code <postal-code>05652-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>mjfneto@uol.com.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Ultrasonography</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Emergency Medicine</kwd>
        <kwd>Medical Schools</kwd>
        <kwd>Point-of-Care Systems</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Ultrasound and echocardiography with Doppler studies have represented, over the last few decades, highly noteworthy advances in medical practice in general. Particularly in internal medicine, they have promoted a true revolution in daily work and are currently considered a fundamental tool in clinical practice. This application of the method includes both urgent care and outpatient settings.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In emergency scenarios, the initial establishment of the FAST (Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma) protocol for systematized trauma care made it possible to popularize the use of the method and served as a basis for multiple applications. In expanded application in emergency medicine, the sequence has included implementation of the RUSH (Rapid Ultrasound for Shock and Hypotension) and C.A.U.S.E. (Cardiac Arrest Ultrasound Exam) protocols,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> progressively gaining ground as a multipurpose tool for use in medical education, research, and outpatient medical practice.</p>
      <p>Ultrasound currently plays an important role in teaching the subjects of Morphology integrated with Imaging and Histology, as well as Physiology, highlighting its systematic application together with active methodologies and electronic dissection in diverse systems of the body. In the curricula of some medical schools, it already stands out as an important differentiating factor, acting as a safe bridge between the basic course and clinical internships and facilitating self-confidence, leadership spirit, and the ability to work with evidence-based medicine from the start of medical education.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In the undergraduate medical course, the application of the method has been considered progressively throughout the entire curricular framework. In subjects that are part of basic and pre-clinical modules, it represents an integrative tool between the different cycles of the medical course. It is integrated very appropriately, for example, in the practical explanation of cardiac output, using a live model in the corresponding echocardiographic window, with the student easily identifying the left ventricular outflow tract on the echocardiographic study, positively modulating morphofunctional integration. Since the introduction of the stethoscope at the beginning of the nineteenth century by Laennec, ultrasound has represented the greatest advance in medical propaedeutics.</p>
      <p>It is also worth emphasizing that the future indicates that ultrasound will evolve in leaps and bounds, with quantitative techniques for evaluating fibrosis and liver fat, in addition to the evolution of miniature high-precision equipment for manual use, facilitating the use of this technology at the frontiers of care, a scenario that is already largely consolidated and in expansion. This is added to the possibility of use in bedside examinations and advanced units, with low costs and the absence of ionizing radiation. Furthermore, with the increasing application of objective systems for scoring findings, systematizing the study into increasing degrees of complexity, the use of the ultrasound method is rapidly expanding.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In hospital care, whether in the emergency room, in wards, or in diverse hospitalization and intensive care units, it stands out as a fundamental tool to guarantee greater safety in invasive procedures and in complementing physical examination, thus leading to better results in the evolutionary context.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Particularly in the outpatient care environment, the use of ultrasound has definitively expanded. The application of this technology determines multiple meanings, as it provides the conditions for expanding propaedeutics. POCUS (point-of-care ultrasound) represents a different activity from complete ultrasound examination that involves documentation and reporting and is performed by a specialist.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this new context, ultrasound greatly expands the potential of propaedeutics in general, in all dimensions, particularly in internal medicine, cardiology, and pulmonology, representing a digital transformation in which available technology greatly increases human skills, allowing a spectacular advance in morphological diagnosis uniting art and science, promoting greater respect for patients in the form of care with rational use of resources, incorporating technological advances, and providing better patient experience.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>This paradigm shift requires some structuring actions from the Brazilian and international medical community, aiming for quality and safety in its application:</p>
      <list list-type="order">
        <list-item>
          <p>Given that it is an operator-dependent method, there is a need to develop a training curriculum and minimum skills for correct application by professionals who have already graduated from medical school;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Inclusion in medical curricula of ultrasound and echocardiography as methods of teaching basic anatomy and morphology,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> considering the current reality resulting from the multiple positive experiences of several world-class institutions;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Systematization of teaching and application of ultrasound in the medical curriculum, which is already applied in clinical practice and occurs in diverse care and intensive care units;</p>
        </list-item>
        <list-item>
          <p>Action by specialty societies, in conjunction with the Brazilian Medical Association, to standardize the use of this tool as a definitive technological advancement.</p>
        </list-item>
      </list>
      <p>In recent years there has been an explosion in the number of scientific articles in the medical literature on the use of POCUS,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> with the number of publications related to this method growing from an average of 8.8 publications per year in the period from 2000 to 2004 to 134.8 publications per year from 2015 to 2019. Accordingly, it is clear that the incorporation of digital transformation in propaedeutic practice is already a consolidated reality, and it is up to the medical community to give due consideration to this important evolutionary step in the practice of precision and evidence-based medicine, with responsibility for uniting experience and innovation,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> maintaining the sum of findings as a potentializing effect for better results and making it possible to implement more complete propaedeutics for future generations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgements</title>
        <p>Samira Saady Morhy.</p>
      </ack>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
