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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">SDZqJrpZCRVQm3Tg8XDxPfG</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023001201001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230162</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Bloqueio de Ramo Alternante a Cada Batimento</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3606-1740</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Temtem</surname>
            <given-names>Margarida</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Monteiro</surname>
            <given-names>Joel Ponte</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7893-0043</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Serr&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Gomes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Drumond</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Dr. N&#233;lio Mendon&#231;a</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Funchal</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Dr. N&#233;lio Mendon&#231;a, Funchal &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Margarida Temtem</bold> &#8226; Hospital Dr. N&#233;lio Mendon&#231;a - Avenida Lu&#237;s de Cam&#245;es, 6180. CEP 9000-177, Funchal &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>a.margarida.temtem@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potencial conflito de interesse</bold>
          </p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o: Mauricio Scanavacca</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>08</day>
        <month>01</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>12</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230162</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>03</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave:</title>
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Bloqueio de Ramo</kwd>
        <kwd>Bloqueio Atrioventricular</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Marca-passo Artificial</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="6"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Homem de 67 anos admitido no servi&#231;o de urg&#234;ncia dos cuidados de sa&#250;de prim&#225;rios por tonturas. Ao exame f&#237;sico foi detectado um ritmo card&#237;aco irregular e pedido um eletrocardiograma (ECG) de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es. O ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>) mostrou um padr&#227;o de bloqueio de ramo alternante, com altern&#226;ncia a cada batimento de bloqueio de ramo direito e esquerdo (BRD e BRE) e com bloqueio atrioventricular (BAV) de 2&#186; grau tipo Mobitz I.</p>
    <fig id="f1">
      <label>Figura 1</label>
      <caption>
        <title>Bloqueio de Ramo Alternante (altern&#226;ncia a cada batimento de BRD e BRE), com BAV de 2&#186; grau tipo Mobitz I.</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-12-e20230162-30162-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    <p>O paciente foi transferido para o servi&#231;o de urg&#234;ncia do hospital onde repetiu dois ECG sequenciais. Um ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>) com BRE persistente com BAV de 1&#186; grau (intervalo PR de 320ms) e outro ECG seguinte (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 3</xref>) que mostrou um BRD persistente com bloqueio fascicular anterior esquerdo e BAV de 2&#186; grau tipo 2:1 fixo.</p>
    <fig id="f2">
      <label>Figura 2</label>
      <caption>
        <title>BRE persistente com BAV de 1&#186; grau (intervalo PR de 320ms).</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-12-e20230162-30162-gf02.tif"/></fig>
    <fig id="f3">
      <label>Figura 3</label>
      <caption>
        <title>BRD persistente com bloqueio fascicular anterior esquerdo e BAV de 2&#186; grau tipo</title>
      </caption>
      <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-12-e20230162-30162-gf03.tif"/></fig>
    <p>Os dois ECG sequenciais, realizados poucos minutos depois, complementaram o diagn&#243;stico do 1&#186; ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>) que mostrava altern&#226;ncia a cada batimento entre BRD e BRE com BAV 2&#186; grau tipo Mobitz I. Como demonstrado neste caso cl&#237;nico, este bloqueio da condu&#231;&#227;o intraventricular de modo alternante pode ocorrer de forma intermitente ou persistente. O mecanismo exato por detr&#225;s de um bloqueio alternante nem sempre &#233; totalmente compreendido, podendo estar relacionado com anormalidades do Sistema His-Purkinje; associado a doen&#231;a card&#237;aca estrutural, como fibrose ou cicatriz no sistema de condu&#231;&#227;o; como tamb&#233;m a outros mecanismos que podem ser mais ou menos comuns.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Conforme observado, existe um atraso de condu&#231;&#227;o vari&#225;vel em ambos os ramos ventriculares, que podem ser explicados pelos diferentes per&#237;odos refrat&#225;rios.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Neste caso, quando o PR &#233; mais curto, o est&#237;mulo el&#233;trico desce pelo ramo esquerdo (padr&#227;o BRD) e, quando o PR &#233; mais longo, o est&#237;mulo desce pelo ramo direito (padr&#227;o BRE). Adicionalmente, o atraso ou bloqueio do n&#243;dulo AV tamb&#233;m varia, particularmente com a variabilidade da frequ&#234;ncia auricular subjacente, sendo o grau de BAV mais avan&#231;ado em frequ&#234;ncias auriculares mais elevadas. Assim, nestes tr&#234;s eletrocardiogramas s&#227;o vis&#237;veis BAV de diferentes graus: de 2&#186; grau tipo Mobitz I no 1&#186; ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f1">Figura 1</xref>); BAV 1&#186; grau no 2&#186; ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f2">Figura 2</xref>) e BAV de 2&#186; grau tipo 2:1 fixo no 3&#186; ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f3">Figura 3</xref>).</p>
    <p>O registo eletrocardiogr&#225;fico de bloqueio de ramo alternante &#233; raro na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica,3 sendo ainda mais invulgar encontrar este padr&#227;o no mesmo ECG, com altern&#226;ncia de condu&#231;&#227;o a cada batimento ventricular e, adicionalmente, com BAV. Alguns autores afirmam que o bloqueio de ramo alternante constitui cerca de 6% de todos os bloqueios de ramo e o maior receio deste dist&#250;rbio do ritmo &#233; o risco potencial de BAV completo, sendo uma indica&#231;&#227;o classe I para implanta&#231;&#227;o de marca-passo definitivo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Neste sentido, o paciente foi internado no servi&#231;o de Cardiologia tendo sido implantado um marca-passo definitivo de dupla c&#226;mara.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn1">
        <p>
          <bold>Fontes de financiamento</bold>
        </p>
        <p>O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
        <p>
          <bold>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</bold>
        </p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s- gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn3">
        <p>
          <bold>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</bold>
        </p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <ref-list>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Beat-to-Beat Alternating Bundle-Branch Block</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3606-1740</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Temtem</surname>
            <given-names>Margarida</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research and Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Monteiro</surname>
            <given-names>Joel Ponte</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7893-0043</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Serr&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Gomes</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research and Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Freitas</surname>
            <given-names>Drumond</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Funchal</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Dr. N&#233;lio Mendon&#231;a, Funchal &#8211; Portugal</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Margarida Temtem</bold> &#8226; Hospital Dr. N&#233;lio Mendon&#231;a - Avenida Lu&#237;s de Cam&#245;es, 6180. Postal Code 9000-177, Funchal &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>a.margarida.temtem@gmail.com</email></corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>
            <bold>Potential conflict of interest</bold>
          </p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Editor responsible for the review: Mauricio Scanavacca</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords:</title>
        <kwd>Arrhythmias, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrioventricular Block</kwd>
        <kwd>Hospitalization</kwd>
        <kwd>Permanent Pacemaker</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A 67-year-old man was admitted to the primary healthcare emergency department due to dizziness. During the physical examination, an irregular heart rhythm was detected, prompting a request for a 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). The ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 1</xref>) revealed a beat-to-beat alternating pattern of right and left bundle branch blocks (RBBB and LBBB) with Mobitz I second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block.</p>
      <fig id="f4">
        <label>Figure 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Alternating Bundle Branch Block (beat-to-beat alternation between RBBB and LBBB), with Mobitz I second-degree AV block.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-12-e20230162-30162-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      <p>The patient was transferred to the hospital emergency department, where two consecutive ECGs were performed. One ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 2</xref>) showed persistent LBBB with first-degree AV block (PR interval of 320ms), and the subsequent ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 3</xref>) indicated persistent RBBB with left anterior fascicular block and fixed 2:1 second-degree AV block.</p>
      <fig id="f5">
        <label>Figure 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Persistent LBBB with first-degree AV block (PR interval of 320ms).</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-12-e20230162-30162-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
      <fig id="f6">
        <label>Figure 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>Persistent RBBB with left anterior fascicular block and fixed 2:1 second-degree AV block.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-12-e20230162-30162-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
      <p>The two sequential ECGs, performed at a few minute intervals, complemented the diagnosis of the first ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 1</xref>), which showed a beat-to-beat alternation between RBBB and LBBB with Mobitz I second-degree AV block. As demonstrated in this clinical case, this alternating intraventricular conduction block can occur intermittently or persistently. The exact mechanism behind alternating block is not always fully understood; it might be related to abnormalities in the His-Purkinje system, associated with structural heart disease, such as fibrosis or scarring in the conduction system, as well as other mechanisms that may be more or less common.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As depicted in this case, there is a variable conduction delay in both ventricular branches, which can be explained by different refractory periods.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In this case, when the PR interval is shorter, the electrical stimulus descends through the left branch (RBBB pattern), and when the PR interval is longer, the stimulus descends through the right branch (LBBB pattern). Additionally, the delay or blockage of the AV node also varies, particularly with underlying atrial frequency variability, with more advanced AV block at higher atrial frequencies. Hence, these three electrocardiograms display varying degrees of AV block: Mobitz I second-degree AV block in the first ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f4">Figure 1</xref>), first-degree AV block in the second ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f5">Figure 2</xref>), and fixed 2:1 second-degree AV block in the third ECG (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f6">Figure 3</xref>).</p>
      <p>The electrocardiographic recording of alternating bundle branch block is rare in clinical practice,3 and it is even more unusual to find this pattern in the same ECG, with beat-to-beat alternating conduction and, additionally, with AV block. Some authors state that alternating bundle branch block constitutes approximately 6% of all bundle branch blocks, and the primary concern with this rhythm disturbance is the potential risk of complete AV block, which is a Class I indication for permanent pacemaker implantation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Therefore, the patient was admitted to the Cardiology department and underwent the implantation of a dual-chamber permanent pacemaker.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by" id="fn4">
          <p>
            <bold>Sources of funding</bold>
          </p>
          <p>There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn5">
          <p>
            <bold>Study association</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn6">
          <p>
            <bold>Ethics approval and consent to participate</bold>
          </p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
