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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">f9PXSMz9s4qyLg7P8sCp8kK</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023001100206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230761</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Estratifica&#231;&#227;o do Risco de Mortalidade na Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca. A Busca pelo Santo Graal Continua! A An&#225;lise do Sistema Nervoso Aut&#244;nomo est&#225; de Volta!</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8975-1182</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Arrais</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cunha</surname>
            <given-names>Bianca Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Brasil</surname>
            <given-names>Helena Nogueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3505-8811</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Francisca Tatiana Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pires</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto da Justa</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Universit&#225;rio Walter Cant&#237;dio</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225; - Hospital Universit&#225;rio Walter Cant&#237;dio, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital S&#227;o Jos&#233; de Doen&#231;as Infecciosas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Fortaleza</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">CE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Jos&#233; de Doen&#231;as Infecciosas, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Eduardo Arrais Rocha</bold> &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceara &#8211; Cardiologia - Rua Capit&#227;o Francisco Pedro, 1290. CEP 60430-160, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>eduardoa@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2024</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230761</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>02</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Medi&#231;&#227;o de Risco/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistema Nervoso Aut&#244;nomo</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Gomes et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> descreveram interessante estudo evidenciando que a an&#225;lise do sistema nervoso aut&#244;nomo (SNA) deva participar na avalia&#231;&#227;o progn&#243;stica dos pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (IC). Uma nova forma de avalia&#231;&#227;o do simp&#225;tico foi analisada, com a mensura&#231;&#227;o de intervalos de 10 minutos da variabilidade da frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (VFC), no dom&#237;nio do tempo, em Holters de 24hs de pacientes internados e predominantemente com IC.</p>
    <p>A relev&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica do trabalho est&#225; em demonstrar que a avalia&#231;&#227;o de vari&#225;veis de curtos per&#237;odos da VFC &#233; um dos par&#226;metros mais sens&#237;veis, pois detecta breves momentos de aumento do t&#244;nus simp&#225;tico, que parecem estar mais associados &#224;s descompensa&#231;&#245;es da IC e ao aumento de morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca (MSC), adicionando um par&#226;metro (menor rMSSD), a um modelo preditor de risco que inclui a idade &gt; 69 anos e a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o (FE) &lt;57%, com boa acur&#225;cia.</p>
    <p>A principal vantagem do registro de VFC de curta dura&#231;&#227;o &#233; a f&#225;cil aplica&#231;&#227;o e aquisi&#231;&#227;o dos intervalos RR em condi&#231;&#245;es controladas como repouso ou teste de esfor&#231;o. Na literatura, encontramos estudos que utilizaram registros de curta dura&#231;&#227;o com tempos que variam de 1 minuto a 60 minutos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Shah et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> evidenciaram associa&#231;&#227;o entre a redu&#231;&#227;o dos &#237;ndices da VFC e o aumento da incid&#234;ncia de IC em pacientes hipertensos em seguimento de 7,6 anos. LaRovere et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> demonstraram uma associa&#231;&#227;o da redu&#231;&#227;o da VFC com aumento de morte s&#250;bita em pacientes com IC em seguimento de 3 anos. Ambos os estudos usaram vari&#225;veis de curtos per&#237;odos da VFC.</p>
    <p>A predi&#231;&#227;o de risco de mortalidade na IC &#233; complexa. Alguns estudos sobre os marcadores preditores de mortalidade foram publicados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> A maioria dos modelos concentrou-se na predi&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por IC e n&#227;o em mortalidade, tendo apresentado desempenho apenas mediano e usado par&#226;metros de mais dif&#237;cil an&#225;lise.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>As limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo s&#227;o bem descritas pelos autores e merecem destaques,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> como: o pequeno n&#250;mero de casos, a heterogeneidade da popula&#231;&#227;o, a inclus&#227;o de pacientes com s&#237;ncopes e ser um estudo retrospectivo com diversos vieses potenciais. Certamente essas limita&#231;&#245;es demonstram a necessidade de novos estudos com maior casu&#237;stica, prospectivos, que possam ou n&#227;o confirmar esses achados. A necessidade de valida&#231;&#227;o interna e externa dos modelos tamb&#233;m s&#227;o fundamentais.</p>
    <p>Diversas vari&#225;veis t&#234;m sido testadas nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas na tentativa de se identificar o modelo mais acurado ou a vari&#225;vel mais forte na estratifica&#231;&#227;o do risco de mortalidade em pacientes com IC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> As diferen&#231;as entre as caracter&#237;sticas das diversas etiologias de miocardiopatia t&#234;m sido uma das principais limita&#231;&#245;es. A FE passou a ser o par&#226;metro mais pr&#243;ximo do &#8220;Santo Graal&#8221;, mas quando se dicotomiza entre etiologias isqu&#234;micas e n&#227;o isqu&#234;micas (CNI), ela perde poder estat&#237;stico na CNI. Certamente como disse o Dr. Alfred Buxton, autor do estudo MUSTT: &#8220;a FE &lt;30 % n&#227;o &#233; tudo que precisamos para decidir sobre o implante de um desfibrilador card&#237;aco autom&#225;tico (CDI),. Na mesma controv&#233;rsia, o Dr. Arthur Moss, autor dos estudos MADIT disse: &#8220;a FE &lt; 30 % &#233; tudo o que precisamos para decidir sobre o implante de um CDI&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Em algumas an&#225;lises realizadas,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> os par&#226;metros de estudo do SNA mostraram-se relevantes e com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica para prever o risco de mortalidade total e de MSC. Entretanto, quando s&#227;o realizadas an&#225;lises mais robustas em modelos de regress&#227;o multivariados, seus par&#226;metros perdem poder estat&#237;stico, sendo exclu&#237;dos como vari&#225;veis independentes. Isso n&#227;o significa que n&#227;o sejam importantes e sim que seus par&#226;metros podem j&#225; estar sendo demonstrados indiretamente em outras vari&#225;veis. Por exemplo, pacientes com FE muito reduzidas, usualmente apresentam aumento no t&#244;nus simp&#225;tico. Entretanto nas an&#225;lises conjuntas dos 2 par&#226;metros, os testes de VFC n&#227;o mant&#234;m poder estat&#237;stico como preditores independentes.</p>
    <p>Pequenos per&#237;odos de observa&#231;&#227;o da VFC avaliam predominantemente a atividade do SNA parassimp&#225;tico, e, portanto, n&#227;o avaliam adequadamente a atividade simp&#225;tica, questionando-se por esse motivo a validade da an&#225;lise de vari&#225;veis no dom&#237;nio do tempo em registros de curta dura&#231;&#227;o e gerando muitas controv&#233;rsias na Literatura. Por outro lado, alguns estudos mostraram que rMSSD e o pNN50, tamb&#233;m vari&#225;veis do dom&#237;nio do tempo que representam essa atividade parassimp&#225;tica, podem ser analisadas em curtos registros, pois sua an&#225;lise &#233; realizada a partir de intervalos RR adjacentes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Mais estudos precisam ser realizados para investigar o real valor progn&#243;stico da VFC em paciente com IC, empregando: (1) diferentes m&#233;todos para analisar os dados de VFC, (2) diferentes per&#237;odos de tempo ap&#243;s a descompensa&#231;&#227;o da IC para avaliar a VFC basal, (3) diferentes per&#237;odos de acompanhamento (de meses a anos) e (4) diferentes desfechos (por exemplo, eventos arr&#237;tmicos, MSC e mortalidade card&#237;aca e mortalidade total), a fim de estabelecer quais os reais pontos de cortes da VFC que v&#227;o associar-se com pior progn&#243;stico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Dessa forma o estudo de Gomes et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup>mostrou-se oportuno por resgatar o debate de um tema muito importante e por sugerir uma nova estrat&#233;gia de avalia&#231;&#227;o do SNA em pacientes internados com IC ou s&#237;ncopes. Aguardemos a confirma&#231;&#227;o dos dados apresentados para efetiva&#231;&#227;o desses par&#226;metros na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label/>
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Modelo Preditivo de Mortalidade por Todas as Causas em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Usando a Variabilidade da Frequ&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mortality Risk Stratification in Heart Failure. The Search for the Holy Grail Continues! Autonomic Nervous System Analysis is Back!</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8975-1182</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rocha</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Arrais</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cunha</surname>
            <given-names>Bianca Lopes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Brasil</surname>
            <given-names>Helena Nogueira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3505-8811</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>Francisca Tatiana Moreira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pires</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto da Justa</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Arritmia do Cear&#225;, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Cear&#225; - Hospital Universit&#225;rio Walter Cant&#237;dio, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#227;o Jos&#233; de Doen&#231;as Infecciosas, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Eduardo Arrais Rocha</bold> &#8226; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Ceara &#8211; Cardiologia - Rua Capit&#227;o Francisco Pedro, 1290. Postal Code 60430-160, Fortaleza, CE &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: eduardoa@cardiol.br </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Falure</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Assessment/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Autonomic Nervous System</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Gomes et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> described an interesting study showing that the analysis of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) should participate in the prognostic assessment of patients with heart failure (HF). A new form of sympathetic assessment was analyzed, measuring 10-minute intervals of heart rate variability (HRV) in the time domain on 24-hour Holters of hospitalized patients, predominantly with HF.</p>
      <p>The clinical relevance of the work lies in revealing that the evaluation of short-term HRV variables is one of the main parameters, as it detect brief moments of increased sympathetic tone, that seems to be more associated with HF decompensation and an increase in sudden cardiac death (SCD), adding a parameter (smallest rMSSD) to a risk prediction model that includes age &gt; 69 years and ejection fraction (EF) &lt;57%, with good accuracy.</p>
      <p>The main advantage of short-term HRV recordings is the easy application and acquisition of RR intervals under controlled conditions such as rest or exercise testing. In the literature, we found studies that used short-term recordings with times ranging from 1 minute to 60 minutes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Shah et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> showed an association between the reduction in HRV indices and the increased incidence of HF in hypertensive patients over a 7.6-year follow-up. LaRovere et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> demonstrated an association between reduced HRV and increased sudden death in patients with HF over a 3-year follow-up. Both studies used short-term HRV variables.</p>
      <p>Predicting mortality risk in HF is complex. Some studies on mortality predictor markers have been published.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Most models focused on predicting hospitalization for HF and not mortality, having presented only average performance and using parameters that are more difficult to analyze.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The limitations of the study are well described by the authors and deserve highlights,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> such as the small number of cases, the heterogeneity of the population, the inclusion of patients with syncope, and is a retrospective study with several potential biases. These limitations certainly demonstrate the need for new studies with larger, prospective samples, which may or may not confirm these findings. The need for internal and external validation of the models is also fundamental.</p>
      <p>Several variables have been tested in recent decades in an attempt to identify the most accurate model or the strongest variable in stratifying the risk of mortality in patients with HF.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The differences between the characteristics of the different etiologies of cardiomyopathy have been one of the main limitations. EF has become the closest parameter to the &#8220;Holy Grail&#8221;, but when it is dichotomized between ischemic and Non-Ischemic cardiomyopathy (NICMP), it loses statistical power in NICMP. Certainly, as Dr. Alfred Buxton, author of the MUSTT study, said: &#8220;EF &lt;30% is not all we need to decide about implanting an automatic cardiac defibrillator (ICD). In the same controversy, Dr. Arthur Moss, author of the MADIT studies, said: &#8220;EF &lt; 30% is all we need to decide about implanting an ICD&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In some analyses carried out,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> the ANS study parameters proved to be relevant and statistically significant for predicting the risk of total mortality and SCD. However, when more robust analyses are performed in multivariate regression models, their parameters lose statistical power and are excluded as independent variables. This does not mean that they are not important, but rather that their parameters may already be demonstrated indirectly in other variables. For example, patients with very reduced EF usually present an increase in sympathetic tone. However, in joint analyses of the 2 parameters, HRV tests do not maintain statistical power as independent predictors.</p>
      <p>Short periods of HRV observation predominantly evaluate the activity of the parasympathetic ANS and, therefore, do not adequately evaluate sympathetic activity, thus questioning the validity of analyzing variables in the time domain in short-term recordings and generating many controversies in the literature. On the other hand, some studies have shown that rMSSD and pNN50, also time domain variables that represent this parasympathetic activity, can be analyzed in short recordings, as their analysis is performed from adjacent RR intervals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>More studies need to be carried out to investigate the real prognostic value of HRV in patients with HF, employing (1) different methods to analyze HRV data, (2) different periods after HF decompensation to evaluate baseline HRV, (3) different follow-up periods (from months to years) and (4) different outcomes (for example, arrhythmic events, SCD and cardiac mortality and total mortality), in order to establish which real HRV cutoff points will be associated with a worse prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this way, the study by Gomes et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup>proved to be timely for reviving the debate on a very important topic and for suggesting a new strategy for assessing the ANS in patients hospitalized with HF or syncope. We await confirmation of the data presented to implement these parameters in clinical practice.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label/>
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Predictive Model of All-Cause Death in Patients with Heart Failure using Heart Rate Variability</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
