<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="letter" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">m3MHB5BmDWw6KjDP6g97ZmJ</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023001100901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230542</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Custo-Efetividade do Uso do Escore de C&#225;lcio Coronariano na Preven&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria enquanto Norteador da Decis&#227;o Terap&#234;utica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9830-0161</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Cristian Rodrigues do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3486-8548</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>J&#250;lio Martinez</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5712-2111</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mendes</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9679-5287</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Johnnatas Mikael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Colegiado de Medicina</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Paulo Afonso</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco &#8211; Colegiado de Medicina , Paulo Afonso , BA &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label> 2 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Irmandade Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Irmandade Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de S&#227;o Paulo , S&#227;o Paulo , SP &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio &#8226; Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco &#8211; Colegiado de Medicina &#8211; Avenida da Amizade, 1900. CEP 48605-780, Sal Torrado, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>22</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>11</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230542</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco de Doen&#231;as Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a das Coron&#225;rias</kwd>
        <kwd>Tratamento Farmacol&#243;gico</kwd>
        <kwd>Calcifica&#231;&#227;o Vascular</kwd>
        <kwd>Farmacoeconomia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <bold>Ao Editor,</bold>
    </p>
    <p>Lemos com muito interesse o artigo: Custo-Efetividade do Emprego do Escore de C&#225;lcio Coronariano na Orienta&#231;&#227;o para Terapia na Preven&#231;&#227;o Prim&#225;ria, na Popula&#231;&#227;o Brasileira <bold>.</bold> O estudo objetivou avaliar o custo-efetividade do emprego do escore de c&#225;lcio na orienta&#231;&#227;o terap&#234;utica para a preven&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria cardiovascular. As an&#225;lises foram feitas com base nos dados populacionais do <italic>Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis</italic> (MESA), uma coorte composta de 6.814 participantes de diversos centros de estudos dos Estados Unidos. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> As infer&#234;ncias feitas pelos autores s&#227;o importantes, sobretudo no que tange a identificar fatores relacionados &#224; farmacoeconomia na preven&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. Contudo, identificamos que as condutas sugeridas mediante o uso do escore de c&#225;lcio (EC) para definir o uso ou n&#227;o de estatinas pode levar ao vi&#233;s do tipo atrito, pois h&#225; situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas que s&#227;o necess&#225;rios mais estudos de imagens sobre o acometimento da estrutura vascular, sobretudo das coron&#225;rias para que se consiga definir as condutas posteriores.</p>
    <p>&#201; sabido que o comportamento dos segmentos vasculares, sobretudo, arterial, n&#227;o segue uma regra em diversas doen&#231;as, como na hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica (HAS), diabetes <italic>mellitus</italic> (DM), doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica (DRC) dial&#237;tica e n&#227;o-dial&#237;tica, dislipidemias e obesidade. Assim, percebe-se que a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco para indicar a prescri&#231;&#227;o de estatinas ou a realiza&#231;&#227;o do EC pode ter sofrido vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o. Outrossim, de acordo com a literatura, h&#225; ind&#237;cios que indiv&#237;duos com moderado ou alto risco cardiovascular que apresentaram EC zero, ainda assim, tinham componentes importantes que levavam a altera&#231;&#245;es vasculares graves, aumentando o risco cardiovascular. Logo, &#233; de grande valia que se investigue as altera&#231;&#245;es encontradas n&#227;o s&#243; na presen&#231;a de calcifica&#231;&#245;es vasculares, pois no estudo de Nurmohamed et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> fica claro que h&#225; a necessidade de investigar o acometimento vascular antes mesmo da presen&#231;a de placas calcificadas.</p>
    <p>Assim, o EC apenas indica uma estimativa da quantidade de placa ateroscler&#243;tica presente, desde que esta contenha pontos de calcifica&#231;&#227;o, n&#227;o importando o comprometimento da luz vascular. Diante disso, acreditamos que seria imprescind&#237;vel o uso de uma tecnologia diagn&#243;stica que pudesse ser utilizada para avaliar o comprometimento vascular sem necessitar da presen&#231;a de calcifica&#231;&#245;es para detectar tais altera&#231;&#245;es. Desse modo, a angiotomografia de coron&#225;rias (ATCC) objetiva n&#227;o identificar as placas calcificadas, mas consegue mensurar o grau de obstru&#231;&#227;o do l&#250;men vascular promovida pela placa ateroscler&#243;tica.</p>
    <p>Nesse sentido, o estudo de Gabriel et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> avaliou a frequ&#234;ncia de placa ateroscler&#243;tica coron&#225;ria, assim como seu grau de obstru&#231;&#227;o e fatores associados em pacientes com EC zero com indica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica de ATCC. Em um total de 367 indiv&#237;duos, foi encontrada uma frequ&#234;ncia de placa ateroscler&#243;tica nas coron&#225;rias de 9,3%; IC95%, 6,3 &#8211; 12,3. Diante disso, levando em considera&#231;&#227;o o fluxograma proposto pelos autores do artigo em tela e aplicando-o &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> ter&#237;amos 34 indiv&#237;duos que n&#227;o estariam em uso de estatina. Logo, poder&#237;amos agravar o risco cardiovascular desses indiv&#237;duos, pois a les&#227;o ateroscler&#243;tica poderia continuar em desenvolvimento e inferir mais risco de les&#227;o isqu&#234;mica card&#237;aca.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Gottlieb I. Cost-Effectiveness of Using the Coronary Calcium Score to Guide Therapeutic Decisions in Primary Prevention in the Brazilian Population. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022;118(6):1132-3. doi: 10.36660/abc.20220293.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gottlieb</surname>
              <given-names>I</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cost-Effectiveness of Using the Coronary Calcium Score to Guide Therapeutic Decisions in Primary Prevention in the Brazilian Population</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>118</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>1132</fpage>
          <lpage>1133</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220293</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Nurmohamed NS, Cantlay C, Sidahmed A, Choi AD. Refining Cardiovascular Risk: Looking Beneath the Calcium Surface. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022;119(6):921-2. doi: 10.36660/abc.20220763.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nurmohamed</surname>
              <given-names>NS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cantlay</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sidahmed</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Choi</surname>
              <given-names>AD</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Refining Cardiovascular Risk: Looking Beneath the Calcium Surface</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>119</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>921</fpage>
          <lpage>922</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220763</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Gabriel FS, Gon&#231;alves LFG, Melo EV, Sousa ACS, Pinto IMF, Santana SMM, et al. Atherosclerotic Plaque in Patients with Zero Calcium Score at Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2018;110(5):420-7. doi: 10.5935/abc.20180063.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gabriel</surname>
              <given-names>FS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gon&#231;alves</surname>
              <given-names>LFG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Melo</surname>
              <given-names>EV</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sousa</surname>
              <given-names>ACS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pinto</surname>
              <given-names>IMF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Santana</surname>
              <given-names>SMM</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Atherosclerotic Plaque in Patients with Zero Calcium Score at Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2018</year>
          <volume>110</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>420</fpage>
          <lpage>427</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20180063</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cost-Effectiveness of the Use of the Coronary Calcium Score in Primary Prevention as a Guide for the Therapeutic Decision</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9830-0161</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Cristian Rodrigues do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3486-8548</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>J&#250;lio Martinez</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5712-2111</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mendes</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9679-5287</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Johnnatas Mikael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco &#8211; Colegiado de Medicina, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Irmandade Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio &#8226;</bold> Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco &#8211; Colegiado de Medicina &#8211; Avenida da Amizade, 1900. Postal Code 48605-780, Sal Torrado, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Disease Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Drug Therapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Vascular Calcification</kwd>
        <kwd>Economics Pharmaceutica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <bold>To the Editor,</bold>
      </p>
      <p>We read with great interest the article: &#8220;Cost-Effectiveness of Using the Coronary Calcium Score to Guide Therapeutic Decisions in Primary Prevention in the Brazilian Population&#8221; The study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of using the calcium score in therapeutic guidance for primary cardiovascular prevention. The analysis was based on population data from the &#8220; <italic>Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA),&#8221;</italic> a cohort of 6,814 participants from different study centers in the United States. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The inferences made by the authors are important, especially when it comes to identifying factors related to pharmacoeconomics in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. However, we identified that the procedures suggested using the calcium score (CE) to define the use or not of statins could lead to attrition bias, as there are clinical situations in which more imaging studies on the involvement of the vascular structure are necessary, especially the coronary arteries so that subsequent management can be defined.</p>
      <p>It is known that the behavior of vascular segments, especially arterial ones, does not follow a rule in several diseases, such as systemic arterial hypertension (SAH), diabetes mellitus (DM), dialytic and non-dialytic chronic kidney disease (CKD), dyslipidemia and obesity. Thus, it is clear that the risk stratification to indicate the prescription of statins or the performance of CE may have suffered selection bias. Furthermore, according to the literature, there is evidence of cardiovascular risk. Therefore, it is of great value to investigate the changes found in individuals with moderate or high cardiovascular risk who presented zero CS; even so, they had important components that led to severe vascular changes, increasing only in the presence of vascular calcifications, as in the study of Nurmohamed et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> it is clear that there is a need to investigate vascular involvement even before the presence of calcified plaques.</p>
      <p>Thus, the CE only indicates an estimate of the amount of atherosclerotic plaque present, as long as it contains calcification points, regardless of the compromise of the vascular lumen. Given this, we believe that it would be essential to use a diagnostic technology that could be used to assess vascular impairment without requiring the presence of calcifications to detect such changes. Therefore, coronary tomography angiography (CCTA) aims not to identify calcified plaques but can measure the degree of obstruction of the vascular lumen promoted by the atherosclerotic plaque.</p>
      <p>In this sense, the study by Gabriel et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> evaluated the frequency of coronary atherosclerotic plaque and its degree of obstruction and associated factors in patients with zero CS with clinical indications for CCTA. In 367 individuals, the frequency of atherosclerotic plaque in the coronary arteries was 9.3%; 95%CI, 6.3 &#8211; 12.3. Therefore, considering the flowchart proposed by the article&#8217;s authors in question and applying it to the population of this study, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> we would have 34 individuals who would not be using statins. Therefore, we could worsen the cardiovascular risk of these individuals, as the atherosclerotic lesion could continue to develop and infer a greater risk of ischemic cardiac injury.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
