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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">YVRrDgYLgQS496LNF3qLP8J</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023001000207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230713</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Programa de Redu&#231;&#227;o de Estresse, Medita&#231;&#227;o e Mindfulness para Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca: Um Pouco de Luz na Escurid&#227;o</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5702-210X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Beck-da-Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Medicina Interna</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Medicina Interna da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Lu&#237;s Beck-da-Silva &#8226; Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) - Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. CEP 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS - Brasil E-mail: <email>lbneto@hcpa.edu.br</email>, <email>luisbeckdasilva@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>24</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>10</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230713</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Ensaio Cl&#237;nico Randomizado</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Medita&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapia Cognitivo-Comportamental</kwd>
        <kwd>Aten&#231;&#227;o Plena</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="3"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O estudo intitulado &#8220;Impacto de um Programa de Redu&#231;&#227;o do Estresse, Medita&#231;&#227;o e <italic>Mindfulness</italic> em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Cr&#244;nica: Um Ensaio Cl&#237;nico Randomizado&#8221;<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> levantou um assunto muito importante a ser abordado em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e pretendeu faz&#234;-lo atrav&#233;s da realiza&#231;&#227;o de um ensaio cl&#237;nico randomizado. O impacto do estresse, da depress&#227;o, da falta de prop&#243;sito de vida e das altera&#231;&#245;es psicol&#243;gicas dos pacientes impostas por uma doen&#231;a cr&#244;nica e debilitante contribui definitivamente para a piora da qualidade de vida e possivelmente para um pior progn&#243;stico.<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> Avaliar este impacto e pesquisar poss&#237;veis terapias &#233; profundamente necess&#225;rio. Os autores devem ser reconhecidos pelo seu interesse e enorme esfor&#231;o na condu&#231;&#227;o de um ensaio t&#227;o laborioso.</p>
    <p>O estudo,<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> no entanto, apresenta algumas defici&#234;ncias. Embora os autores afirmem ser um ensaio de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o reduzida (ICFEr), de fato, o estudo incluiu aproximadamente metade dos pacientes com ICFEr. Apesar da heterogeneidade da amostra, um ter&#231;o dos pacientes no grupo de interven&#231;&#227;o foram perdidos no acompanhamento, enquanto nenhum paciente foi perdido no grupo controle. Portanto, mesmo tendo selecionado mais de duzentos indiv&#237;duos, apenas 13 pacientes foram efetivamente submetidos &#224; interven&#231;&#227;o. Os autores n&#227;o nos informam como esses pacientes foram tratados farmacologicamente, mas como o estudo foi realizado h&#225; quatro anos, pode-se presumir que o tratamento dos pacientes estava desatualizado.</p>
    <p>O estudo<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> teve como objetivo principal avaliar o impacto de um programa baseado na redu&#231;&#227;o do estresse, medita&#231;&#227;o e t&#233;cnicas de <italic>mindfulness</italic> no estresse percebido pelos pacientes. Aparentemente, o estudo foi positivo na medida em que o &#8220;estresse percebido&#8221;, avaliado pela escala de autorrelato PSS-14, foi significativamente reduzido atrav&#233;s de qualquer uma das an&#225;lises. &#201; preciso estar ciente de que este &#233; um estudo aberto, onde um grupo recebeu oito sess&#245;es semanais de duas horas sobre t&#233;cnicas de redu&#231;&#227;o do estresse, enquanto o grupo controle n&#227;o recebeu nenhuma interven&#231;&#227;o. O objetivo principal &#233; pedir a ambos os grupos que autoavaliem o estresse percebido. O vi&#233;s do efeito placebo &#233; irremov&#237;vel a partir deste resultado. Outros question&#225;rios utilizados como objetivos secund&#225;rios no estudo est&#227;o sob o mesmo vi&#233;s.</p>
    <p>Houve um aparente aumento na dist&#226;ncia percorrida no teste de caminhada de 6 minutos (T6MC), embora os autores tendam a destacar a mudan&#231;a significativa pr&#233; e p&#243;s-interven&#231;&#227;o no grupo interven&#231;&#227;o, mas nenhuma mudan&#231;a aparente no delta entre os grupos.</p>
    <p>Os n&#237;veis s&#233;ricos de cortisol entraram no texto, alegando um resultado estatisticamente significativo. Isso sem entrar, &#233; claro, na relev&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica de uma varia&#231;&#227;o de 0,4 mcg/dL no n&#237;vel s&#233;rico de cortisol.</p>
    <p>Finalmente, as medidas laboratoriais objetivas que poderiam nos dar uma ideia da melhora real na insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca do paciente, como a prote&#237;na C reativa (PCR) e o pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico (NT-ProBNP), permaneceram inalteradas.</p>
    <p>O estresse e o sofrimento psicol&#243;gico dos nossos pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca s&#227;o de extrema import&#226;ncia na nossa pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica e este aspecto n&#227;o deve ser esquecido. O estudo publicado nesta edi&#231;&#227;o da ABC<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> traz luz ao assunto e sugere que os pacientes possam se beneficiar de alguma forma com um programa de redu&#231;&#227;o de estresse, medita&#231;&#227;o e <italic>mindfulness</italic>. Este estudo pode contribuir como fonte de dados para futuros estudos maiores, com algumas an&#225;lises de dados cegantes e minuciosas, para finalmente concluir o impacto dessas t&#233;cnicas no progn&#243;stico da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
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        <mixed-citation>1. Cavalcante VN, Mesquita ET, Cavalcanti ACD, Miranda JSS, Jardim PP, Bandeira GMS, et al. Impact of a Stress Reduction, Meditation, and Mindfulness Program in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial. DOI: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220768">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220768</ext-link>. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2023; 120(10):e20220768.</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Miranda</surname>
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            </name>
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              <surname>Jardim</surname>
              <given-names>PP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bandeira</surname>
              <given-names>GMS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
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          <article-title>Impact of a Stress Reduction, Meditation, and Mindfulness Program in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial</article-title>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220768">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220768</ext-link>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>120</volume>
          <issue>10</issue>
          <elocation-id>e20220768</elocation-id>
        </element-citation>
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        <mixed-citation>2. Friedmann E, Thomas SA, Liu F, Morton PG, Chapa D, Gottlieb SS, et al. Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Social Isolation to Chronic Heart Failure Outpatient Mortality. Am Heart J. 2006;152(5):940.e1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2006.05.009.</mixed-citation>
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              <surname>Gottlieb</surname>
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          <article-title>Relationship of Depression, Anxiety, and Social Isolation to Chronic Heart Failure Outpatient Mortality</article-title>
          <source>Am Heart J</source>
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        <mixed-citation>3. Alimujiang A, Wiensch A, Boss J, Fleischer NL, Mondul AM, McLean K, et al. Association between Life Purpose and Mortality Among US Adults Older Than 50 Years. JAMA Netw Open. 2019;2(5):e194270. doi: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4270.</mixed-citation>
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        </element-citation>
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    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Impacto de um Programa de Redu&#231;&#227;o do Estresse, Medita&#231;&#227;o e Mindfulness em Pacientes com Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca Cr&#244;nica: Um Ensaio Cl&#237;nico Randomizado</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Stress Reduction, Meditation and Mindfulness Program for Heart Failure Patients: Some Light in the Darkness</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5702-210X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Beck-da-Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Medicina Interna da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia do Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Lu&#237;s Beck-da-Silva &#8226; Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA) - Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Postal Code 90035-003, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil E-mail: lbneto@hcpa.edu.br, luisbeckdasilva@gmail.com </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Randomized Controlled Trial</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure</kwd>
        <kwd>Meditation</kwd>
        <kwd>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy</kwd>
        <kwd>Mindfulness</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The study entitled &#8220;Impact of a Stress Reduction, Meditation, and Mindfulness Program in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial&#8221;<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> has raised a very important subject to be addressed in patients with heart failure and aimed to do so by conducting a randomized clinical trial. The impact of patients&#8217; stress, depression, lack of life purpose, and psychological changes imposed by a chronic and debilitating disease definitely contributes to worsening quality of life and possibly to worse prognosis.<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref>,<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> To assess this impact and to research possible therapies is deeply needed. The authors should be recognized for their interest and huge effort in conducting such a laborious trial.</p>
      <p>The study,<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> however, has some deficiencies. Although the authors claim to be a heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) trial, the study included approximately half of the patients with HFrEF. Despite the heterogeneity of the sample, one-third of patients in the intervention group were lost to follow-up, while no patients were lost in the control group. Therefore, even having screened more than two hundred individuals, only 13 patients were actually submitted to intervention. The authors do not inform us of how these patients were pharmacologically treated, but given that the study was conducted four years ago, one can assume patients&#8217; treatment was outdated.</p>
      <p>The study<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> aimed primarily to evaluate a program&#8217;s impact based on stress reduction, meditation, and mindfulness techniques on patients&#8217; perceived stress. Apparently, the study was positive in that &#8220;perceived stress,&#8221; assessed by the PSS-14 self-report scale, has been significantly reduced through any of the analyses. One must be aware that this is an open-label study, where one group received eight weekly two-hour sessions on stress reduction techniques while the control group received no intervention. The primary objective is to ask both groups to self-assess their perceived stress. The bias of the placebo effect is indefeasible from this result. Other questionnaires used as secondary objectives in the trial are under the same bias.</p>
      <p>There was an apparent increment in the distance walked in the 6-min walk test (T6MC), although authors tend to highlight the significant change from pre and post-intervention in the intervention group but no apparent change in the delta between groups.</p>
      <p>Serum cortisol levels entered the text, claiming a statistically significant result. This is without going into, of course, the clinical relevance of a variation of 0.4 mcg/dL in the serum cortisol level.</p>
      <p>Finally, the objective lab measures which could give us an idea of actual improvement in patient&#8217;s heart failure, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and natriuretic peptide (NT-ProBNP), remained unchanged.</p>
      <p>Our heart failure patients&#8217; stress and psychological suffering are of utmost importance in our clinical practice, and this aspect must not be forgotten. The study published in this issue of ABC<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> brings light to the subject and suggests that patients may somewhat benefit from a stress reduction, meditation, and mindfulness program. This study can contribute as a source of data for future larger trials, with some blinding and thorough data analysis, to finally conclude the impact of these techniques on the prognosis of heart failure.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Impact of a Stress Reduction, Meditation, and Mindfulness Program in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure: A Randomized Controlled Trial</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
