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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">7TMZSFSF6CNDWHBCNNVVKCh</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000900201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230584</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Concep&#231;&#227;o do Escore de Selvester: Interface com o Desenvolvimento da Eletrovetorcardiografia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6134-629X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pastore</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Eletrocardiografia, Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor), Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Carlos Alberto Pastore &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Eletrocardiografia de Repouso &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 AB. CEP 05403-000, Cerqueira Cesar, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>ecg_pastore@incor.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230584</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>06</day>
          <month>09</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Ron Selvester</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia</kwd>
        <kwd>Vetocardiografia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Na Confer&#234;ncia Anual da <italic>International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology</italic> (ISCE) em 2015, em San Jos&#233; &#8211; Costa Rica foi organizada uma sess&#227;o para homenagear o extraordin&#225;rio trabalho e a vida de especialistas em eletrocardiologia, entre eles, Ron Selvester.</p>
    <p>Ron Selvester foi um dos melhores editores do <italic>Journal of Eletrocardiology</italic>, recrutou os melhores conhecedores da &#225;rea para serem coeditores, e a Revista cresceu em conte&#250;do e fator de impacto. Foi pioneiro no campo da pesquisa, um vision&#225;rio extraordin&#225;rio. Ron foi o primeiro a mensurar como um infarto do mioc&#225;rdio poderia ser diagnosticado em princ&#237;pio com bloqueio de ramo, crit&#233;rio para intervir e dimensionar infarto.</p>
    <p>Em 1975, a <italic>International Business Machines</italic> (IBM) construiu um caminho digital que lia ECGs, permitindo reproduzir o trabalho dos cardiologistas.</p>
    <p>A IBM estava mirando em um alvo m&#243;vel, tentando continuamente sugerir os seus crit&#233;rios. Posteriormente, a <italic>Food and Drug Administration</italic> (FDA) foi obrigada por lei a certificar a medi&#231;&#227;o das m&#225;quinas que liam ECG. Dessa forma, em 1975, o FDA reuniu um grupo no qual estava Ron Selvester com a incumb&#234;ncia de resolver de uma vez por todas os crit&#233;rios para leitura dos ECGs. O InCor da FMUSP, inaugurado em 1977 recebeu os aparelhos da Hewlett-Packard (HP) com algoritmos definidos por esse grupo, mas infelizmente n&#227;o foi poss&#237;vel utiliz&#225;-los, pois n&#227;o eram compat&#237;veis com nossa an&#225;lise e experi&#234;ncia.</p>
    <p>Ron Selvester foi um grande defensor do Vetorcardiograma, pela distribui&#231;&#227;o dos eletrodos deste exame ser mais completa e reproduzir de forma mais eficaz o fen&#244;meno espacial e el&#233;trico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A <italic>International Society of Electrocardiology</italic> (ISE) teve seu in&#237;cio nos Col&#243;quios de Vetorcardiograma em 1959. Em 1973 esses Col&#243;quios come&#231;aram a ser apresentados no <italic>International Congress on Electrocardiology</italic> (ICE).</p>
    <p>Ap&#243;s v&#225;rios congressos, 10 anos, o Conselho Internacional integrou a ISE. Ron Selvester foi o Presidente de 1995 a 1997. Eu tive a honra de ser o primeiro representante do Brasil como Presidente do Conselho da <italic>International Society of Eletrocardiology</italic> de 2013 a 2015.</p>
    <p>No Congresso da ISCE em 1982, Ron apresentou a confer&#234;ncia &#8220;Valida&#231;&#227;o patol&#243;gica dos Crit&#233;rios Computacionais para localiza&#231;&#227;o do infarto em 12 segmentos do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo&#8221;.</p>
    <p>No ano de 1985 j&#225; publicava no <italic>ARCH International</italic> o cl&#225;ssico trabalho: &#8220;<italic>The Selvester QRS Scoring System for Estimating Myocardial Infarct size. The Development and Application of the System&#8221;.</italic><sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Neste artigo original<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> os autores buscam mostrar que o escore de Selvester pode ter valor preditivo na mortalidade da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada.</p>
    <p>Foram investigados 359 pacientes. O escore de Selvester simplificado foi mantido e registrado.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Os ECGs foram pontuados manualmente de acordo com o sistema simplificado de pontua&#231;&#227;o de 37 crit&#233;rios e 29 pontos de Bounous et al.,1988.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A pontua&#231;&#227;o S-QRS foi calculada manualmente por dois cardiologistas experientes, levando em considera&#231;&#227;o um algoritmo relatado anteriormente. Em caso de n&#227;o concord&#226;ncia entre o laudo dos dois profissionais, um terceiro cardiologista calculava o escore do S-QRS de forma cega e o finalizava. O sistema de pontua&#231;&#227;o foi baseado em crit&#233;rios para 10 das 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es de um ECG padr&#227;o (aVL, aVF, I, II, V1-6). Os pontos s&#227;o dados para a dura&#231;&#227;o da onda Q, amplitudes e dura&#231;&#227;o R e rela&#231;&#227;o R/S ou R/Q.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O escore S-QRS fornece informa&#231;&#245;es sobre o tamanho e a localiza&#231;&#227;o das cicatrizes mioc&#225;rdicas, examinando as altera&#231;&#245;es morfol&#243;gicas do QRS que ocorrem devido &#224;s altera&#231;&#245;es da despolariza&#231;&#227;o ventricular resultantes da fibrose mioc&#225;rdica. Uma correla&#231;&#227;o expressiva entre pontua&#231;&#227;o S-QRS e o tamanho da cicatriz foi encontrada em diversos estudos de aut&#243;psia e resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica. Em estudo prospectivo de Liu Q. et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> onde 289 pacientes foram acompanhados por 2 anos ap&#243;s infarto do mioc&#225;rdio com eleva&#231;&#227;o do segmento ST, observou-se que a mortalidade cardiovascular aumentou 1,46 vezes em pacientes com escores S-QRS elevados, quando comparado com pacientes que n&#227;o o fizeram.</p>
    <p>O escore tamb&#233;m se mostrou um fator de risco independente para a mortalidade (sensibilidade de 80,8%, especificidade de 77,2% e corte de 5,5). Na an&#225;lise verificou-se maior mortalidade no grupo com escore de Selvester acima ou igual a 5,5, em rela&#231;&#227;o ao grupo com escore abaixo desse valor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O escore S-QRS aferido pelo ECG padr&#227;o de 12 deriva&#231;&#245;es foi considerado um fator de risco independente para mortalidade em pacientes com insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o preservada (ICFEP). Portanto, fornece informa&#231;&#245;es sobre a mortalidade do paciente mesmo na aus&#234;ncia de acesso &#224; RM card&#237;aca, ou quando outros par&#226;metros de ECG s&#227;o normais. Assim, recomendamos que o escore S-QRS n&#227;o seja negligenciado na avalia&#231;&#227;o de pacientes de alto risco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O escore de Selvester vem sendo aplicado nas mais variadas situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas, e ainda utilizado como refer&#234;ncia na literatura.</p>
    <p>O importante deste minieditorial &#233; resgatar os caminhos da eletrocardiologia e como esses grupos de cientistas trabalharam em alto n&#237;vel, mesmo com os poucos recursos da &#233;poca. Estas Sociedades formadas por estudiosos, m&#233;dicos, bioengenheiros e eletrofisiologistas trouxeram uma contribui&#231;&#227;o excepcional para cardiologia.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: O Escore de Selvester QRS &#233; um Preditor de Mortalidade na Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca com Fra&#231;&#227;o de Eje&#231;&#227;o Preservada</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Conception of the Selvester Score: Interface with the Development of Electro-Vectorcardiography</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6134-629X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Pastore</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Alberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Eletrocardiografia, Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor), Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Carlos Alberto Pastore &#8226; Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o (InCor), Hospital das Clinicas FMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Unidade Cl&#237;nica de Eletrocardiografia de Repouso &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho Aguiar, 44 AB. Postal code 05403-000, Cerqueira Cesar, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: ecg_pastore@incor.usp.br </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Ron Selvester</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Diseases Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic, Imaging/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Echocardiography</kwd>
        <kwd>Vetocariography</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>At the Annual Conference of the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology (ISCE) in 2015, in San Jos&#233; &#8211; Costa Rica, a session was organized to honor the extraordinary work and life of specialists in electrocardiology, among them Ron Selvester.</p>
      <p>Ron Selvester was one of the best editors of the Journal of Electrocardiology. He recruited the best connoisseurs to be co-editors, leading the Journal to grow in content and improving its impact factor.</p>
      <p>Dr. Selvester was a pioneer in the research field and an extraordinary visionary. He was among the first to propose a measurement method for acute myocardial infarction in the presence of a left bundle-branch block (Selvester 10% rule) and a criterion for dimensioning myocardium infarction scar with and without confounders such as bundle-branch blocks.</p>
      <p>In 1975, International Business Machines (IBM) built a digital pathway that read ECGs, allowing it to reproduce the work of cardiologists. IBM was aiming at a moving target, continually trying to suggest its criteria. Subsequently, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) was legally required to certify the measurement of machines that read ECGs. Thus, in 1975, the FDA assembled a group in which was Ron Selvester, with the task of solving once and for all the criteria for reading ECGs. The <italic>Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</italic> (InCor FMUSP), inaugurated in 1977, received Hewlett-Packard (HP) devices with algorithms defined by this group. Still, unfortunately, it was not possible to use them, as they were incompatible with our analysis and experience.</p>
      <p>Ron Selvester was a great advocate of the Vectorcardiogram, as the distribution of the electrodes of this exam is complete and reproduces more effectively the spatial and electrical phenomenon.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The International Society of Electrocardiology (ISE) began at the Vectorcardiogram Colloquium in 1959. In 1973 these colloquiums started to be invited and exposed at the International Congress on Electrocardiology (ICE).</p>
      <p>After several congresses (ten years), the International Council joined ISE. Ron Selvester was President from 1995 to 1997. I had the honor of being the first representative of Brazil as President of the International Society of Electrocardiology from 2013 to 2015.</p>
      <p>At the ISCE Congress in 1982, Ron presented the conference &#8220;Pathological Validation of the Computational Criteria for Locating the Infarction in 12 Segments of the left ventricle&#8221;.</p>
      <p>In 1985 he was already publishing in ARCH International the classic work: &#8220;The Selvester QRS Scoring System for Estimating Myocardial Infarct size. The Development and Application of the System&#8221;.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this original article,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> the authors seek to show that the Selvester score may have predictive value in the mortality of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.</p>
      <p>A total of 359 patients were investigated. The simplified Selvester score was maintained and recorded.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The ECGs were manually scored according to the simplified scoring system of 37 criteria and 29 points of Bounous et al.,1988.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The S-QRS score was manually calculated by two qualified cardiologists, taking into account a previously reported algorithm. In case of non-agreement between the report of the two professionals, a third cardiologist calculated the S-QRS score blindly and finalized it. The scoring system was based on criteria for 10 of the 12 leads of a standard ECG (aVL, aVF, I, II, V1-6). Points are given for Q wave duration, R amplitudes, and duration, and R/S or R/Q ratio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The S-QRS score provides information on the size and location of myocardial scars, examining the morphological changes in QRS that occur due to ventricular depolarization changes resulting from myocardial fibrosis. Several autopsies and magnetic resonance imaging studies found a significant correlation between the S-QRS score and scar size. In a prospective survey by Liu Q. et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> where 289 patients were followed for two years after myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation, it was observed that cardiovascular mortality increased 1.46 times in patients with elevated S-QRS scores when compared to patients who did not.</p>
      <p>The score also proved to be an independent risk factor for mortality (sensitivity of 80.8%, specificity of 77.2%, and cut-off of 5.5). The analysis found higher mortality in the group with a Selvester score above or equal to 5.5 compared to the group with a score below this value.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The S-QRS score measured by the standard 12-lead ECG was considered an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Therefore, it provides information on patient mortality even without access to cardiac MRI or when other ECG parameters present a normal range. Thus, the S-QRS score should not be neglected in evaluating high-risk patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The Selvester score has been used in the most varied clinical situations and is still used as a reference in the literature.</p>
      <p>This short editorial aim to rescue the paths of electrocardiology and how these groups of scientists worked at a high level, even with the few resources of the time. These Societies formed by scholars, physicians, bioengineers, and electrophysiologists brought an exceptional contribution to cardiology.</p>
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          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Selvester QRS Score is a Predictor of Mortality in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction</p>
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