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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">crgBL3z6yfRmcr69jWtD3Jv</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000900501</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00501</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230328</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta Cient&#237;fica</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Viabilidade e Seguran&#231;a de Alta Hospitalar Precoce ap&#243;s TAVI com Abordagem Minimalista no SUS</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7357-8378</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Meniconi</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda Jacques Cal&#231;ado</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6887-1169</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cervone</surname>
            <given-names>Alberto Colella</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Togna</surname>
            <given-names>Dorival Julio Della</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feres</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7180-5779</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ramos</surname>
            <given-names>Auristela Isabel de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4903-5274</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Siqueira</surname>
            <given-names>Dimytri Alexandre de Alvim</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados e Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Marcos Almeida Meniconi &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Hemodin&#226;mica &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho, 44. CEP 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>meniconimarcos@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Editor respons&#225;vel pela revis&#227;o: Pedro Lemos</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230328</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>12</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <label>Figura Central</label>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <caption>
              <title>: Viabilidade e Seguran&#231;a de Alta Hospitalar Precoce ap&#243;s TAVI com Abordagem Minimalista no SUS</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>Resultados ap&#243;s implante de pr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica por cateter por abordagem minimalista. DRC: doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica; PO: dias p&#243;s-operativos; TAVI: implante por cateter de pr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica.</attrib>
            <alternatives>
              <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/crgBL3z6yfRmcr69jWtD3Jv/5aff162d7ba40e9a085b3dd1cfa13a89cc292aed.tif"/>
              <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/crgBL3z6yfRmcr69jWtD3Jv/7b81be6eb1d5dae547020436a1d175f4c41e9d82.png" specific-use="scielo-web"/>
              <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/crgBL3z6yfRmcr69jWtD3Jv/46c50107a7b3144d6a00b551a963a1fa3338702e.jpg" specific-use="scielo-web" content-type="scielo-267x140"/>
            </alternatives>
          </fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Substitui&#231;&#227;o da Valva A&#243;rtica Transcateter</kwd>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva A&#243;rtica</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="8"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>O implante por cateter de pr&#243;tese a&#243;rtica (TAVI, do ingl&#234;s <italic>transcatheter aortic valve implantation</italic>) estabeleceu-se como tratamento de escolha para o tratamento de octogen&#225;rios portadores de estenose a&#243;rtica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Abrangentemente, denomina-se TAVI com abordagem minimalista (TAVI-M) a realiza&#231;&#227;o do procedimento sob seda&#231;&#227;o consciente e anestesia local, acesso femoral percut&#226;neo, monitoriza&#231;&#227;o com ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico e mobiliza&#231;&#227;o precoce. Estudos apontam para a seguran&#231;a do TAVI-M com alta hospitalar em at&#233; 24 horas ap&#243;s o procedimento<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> e a redu&#231;&#227;o de custos hospitalares<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup>&#8211; aspecto relevante sob a perspectiva da sa&#250;de p&#250;blica nacional. Desta forma, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo avaliar a exequibilidade e a seguran&#231;a de um protocolo multidisciplinar institucional de TAVI minimalista visando alta hospitalar em at&#233; 48 horas, implementado em hospital terci&#225;rio do Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Estudo observacional, prospectivo e unic&#234;ntrico, com sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes consecutivamente submetidos a TAVI no per&#237;odo de Setembro de 2020 a Maio de 2022.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o</title>
        <p>Foram selecionados pacientes &#8805; 18 anos, portadores de estenose a&#243;rtica importante com indica&#231;&#227;o eletiva de TAVI. Foram exclu&#237;dos: portadores de disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda importante (fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt; 30%); necessidade via de acesso alternativa (n&#227;o femoral); clearance de creatinina &lt; 15 ml/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>; presen&#231;a de discrasia sangu&#237;nea ou plaquetopenia severa (&lt; 50.000/mm<sup>3</sup>); realiza&#231;&#227;o de outro procedimento cir&#250;rgico ou intervencionista percut&#226;neo na mesma interna&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Coleta de dados e an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Os dados foram coletados atrav&#233;s de question&#225;rio, prontu&#225;rio eletr&#244;nico e/ou contato telef&#244;nico, realizados sistematicamente 30 dias ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar. As vari&#225;veis quantitativas foram apresentadas como m&#233;dia &#177; desvio padr&#227;o ou varia&#231;&#227;o interquartil. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas foram expressas como uma propor&#231;&#227;o do todo (%).</p>
        <p>Os desfechos cl&#237;nicos analisados compreenderam &#243;bito por todas as causas, &#243;bito por causas cardiovasculares, acidente vascular cerebral, complica&#231;&#245;es vasculares e hemorr&#225;gicas e necessidade de marca-passo definitivo em 30 dias; avaliou-se ainda o tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o e a necessidade de readmiss&#245;es hospitalares em 30 dias. Os desfechos foram definidos de acordo com o Valve Academic Research Consortium 3.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>De Setembro de 2020 a Maio de 2022, 87 pacientes submeteram-se ao TAVI, sendo 65 pacientes (74,7%) submetidos &#224; estrat&#233;gia minimalista; 22 apresentavam crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura Central</xref>). N&#227;o houve perda de seguimento.</p>
      <p>Os pacientes submetidos a TAVI-M apresentavam m&#233;dia de idade de 79,9 &#177; 4,8 anos, sendo 27 (41,5%) mulheres; baixo risco cir&#250;rgico, conforme escores STS e Euroscore II (m&#233;dia de 2,4% &#177; 1,45% e 3,0% &#177; 2,15%, respectivamente). As comorbidades mais prevalentes foram: hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica em 51 (78,4%) indiv&#237;duos, diabetes mellitus em 26 (40%) e doen&#231;a arterial coronariana em 25 (38,4%). Seis pacientes (9,2%) possu&#237;am valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas basais</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Caracter&#237;sticas</th>
                <th>n (desvio padr&#227;o)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">79,9 (&#177; 4,8)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sexo feminino</td>
                <td align="center">27 (41,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#205;ndice de massa corporal (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                <td align="center">28,4 (&#177; 6,2)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dist&#226;ncia at&#233; domic&#237;lio (km)</td>
                <td align="center">19,4 (&#177; 7,5)*</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="4">Classe funcional NYHA</td>
                <td align="center">I: 4 (6,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">II: 40 (61,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">III: 21 (32,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">IV: 0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="5">Grau de angina CCS</td>
                <td align="center">Sem angina: 43 (66%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">I: 1 (1,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">II: 15 (23%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">III: 5 (8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">IV: 1 (1,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica</td>
                <td align="center">51 (78,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                <td align="center">26 (40%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Dislipidemia</td>
                <td align="center">35 (53,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Clearance de creatinina (mL/min/1,73 m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                <td align="center">&gt; 60: 37 (57%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">45 a 59: 19 (29,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">30 a 44: 9 (13,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Doen&#231;a arterial coronariana</td>
                <td align="center">25 (38,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico pr&#233;vio</td>
                <td align="center">6 (9,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Neoplasia</td>
                <td align="center">9 (13,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Tabagismo</td>
                <td align="center">21 (32,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica</td>
                <td align="center">3 (4,6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Doen&#231;a arterial perif&#233;rica</td>
                <td align="center">7 (10,8%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o pr&#233;via</td>
                <td align="center">10 (15,4%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea</td>
                <td align="center">5 (7,7%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>V&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide</td>
                <td align="center">6 (9,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>STS score (%)</td>
                <td align="center">2,4 (&#177; 1,45)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Euroscore II (%)</td>
                <td align="center">3,0 (&#177; 2,15)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>* Exclu&#237;ram-se outliers (valores &gt; 53,1 km e &lt; 6,9 km).</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>O eletrocardiograma &#224; admiss&#227;o revelou: ritmo sinusal em 52 (80%) indiv&#237;duos; fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, 9 (13,8%); ritmo de marca-passo definitivo, 4 (6,2%); bloqueio atrioventricular de primeiro grau, 14 (21,5%); bloqueio de ramo esquerdo, 7 (10,8%); e bloqueio de ramo direito, 5 (7,7%).</p>
      <p>As pr&#243;teses utilizadas, quantidade de contraste e realiza&#231;&#227;o de pr&#233;- ou p&#243;s-dilata&#231;&#227;o est&#227;o descritas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas do procedimento</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Tipo de pr&#243;tese</th>
                <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Evolut R<sup>&#174;</sup> (Medtronic<sup>&#174;</sup>): 1 (1,5%) Sapien 3<sup>&#174;</sup> (Edwards Lifesciences<sup>&#174;</sup>): 14 (21%) Accurate Neo<sup>&#174;</sup> (Boston Scientific<sup>&#174;</sup>): 12 (18,5%) Myval<sup>&#174;</sup> (Meril Life Sciences<sup>&#174;</sup>): 38 (59%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Pr&#233;-dilata&#231;&#227;o (n)</td>
                <td align="center">34 (52,3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>P&#243;s-dilata&#231;&#227;o (n)</td>
                <td align="center">19 (29,2%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Contraste (ml)</td>
                <td align="center">108 (&#177; 30)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>O ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico de base demonstrou: &#225;rea valvar a&#243;rtica m&#233;dia de 0,65 (&#177; 0,15) cm<sup>2</sup>, gradiente transvalvar a&#243;rtico m&#233;dio de 53 &#177; 18,4 mmHg, press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar m&#233;dia estimada de 35 &#177; 12 mmHg e fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo m&#233;dia de 55,2% &#177; 0,11% (m&#233;todo de Simpson). Imediatamente ap&#243;s o TAVI, a m&#233;dia da &#225;rea de orif&#237;cio efetivo a&#243;rtico elevou-se para de 2,1 &#177; 0,5 cm<sup>2</sup> e o gradiente transvalvar a&#243;rtico m&#233;dio foi de 4,7 (&#177; 3,5) mmHg. A incid&#234;ncia de <italic>leak</italic> paravalvar &#8805; moderado foi de 4,6% (n = 3).</p>
      <p>Ocorreram 2 &#243;bitos: 1 de causa cardiovascular e outro por infec&#231;&#227;o pelo v&#237;rus SARS-CoV-2. Dois pacientes (3%) requereram o implante de marca-passo definitivo. Sangramentos maiores ocorreram em 3 (4,6%) casos, com necessidade de convers&#227;o cir&#250;rgica (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref>).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Desfechos cl&#237;nicos intra-hospitalares</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Desfechos intra-hospitalares</th>
                <th>n (%)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>&#211;bito total</td>
                <td align="center">2 (3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>&#211;bito de causa cardiovascular</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Acidente vascular encef&#225;lico</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Complica&#231;&#227;o vascular maior</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sangramento maior e amea&#231;ador &#224; vida</td>
                <td align="center">3 (4,6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Implante de marca-passo definitivo</td>
                <td align="center">2 (3%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Convers&#227;o anest&#233;sica</td>
                <td align="center">3 (4,6%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Rotura de anel valvar</td>
                <td align="center">1 (1,5%)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Obstru&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Implante de segunda pr&#243;tese</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <sec>
        <title>Tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>O tempo m&#233;dio de interna&#231;&#227;o foi de 52,1 horas ou 2,17 dias. Alta hospitalar em menos de 48 horas p&#243;s-TAVI foi concretizada em 52 (80%) pacientes, sendo que 39 (60%) receberam alta em at&#233; 24 horas (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Tempo para alta hospitalar ap&#243;s o TAVI-M.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-09-e20230328-30328-gf01.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>A alta hospitalar foi postergada (&gt; 48 horas) devido a presen&#231;a de <italic>leak</italic> paravalvar moderado (n = 1), les&#227;o renal aguda p&#243;s-renal (n = 1), pseudoaneurisma de art&#233;ria femoral (n = 1), complica&#231;&#227;o vascular maior (n = 1), sangramento menor (n = 1), convers&#227;o cir&#250;rgica (n = 1) e dist&#250;rbios de condu&#231;&#227;o (n = 5).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Readmiss&#245;es hospitalares</title>
        <p>Quatro pacientes (6,1%) reinternaram em 30 dias, sendo dois (3%) por causas cardiovasculares (insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca descompensada e acidente vascular encef&#225;lico). As causas n&#227;o cardiovasculares foram fratura patol&#243;gica de f&#234;mur e epistaxe. Nenhum &#243;bito ocorreu ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar em 30 dias.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O tempo m&#233;dio de interna&#231;&#227;o de 2,17 dias &#233; semelhante ao do grande registro estadunidense de 2019<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> e ensaio cl&#237;nico 3M-TAVR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Nesta s&#233;rie, a indica&#231;&#227;o de marca-passo definitivo em 30 dias foi de apenas 3%, em contraponto aos 20,1% do registro nacional multic&#234;ntrico de 2008 a 2015.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Este resultado que pode ser explicado pelo predom&#237;nio de pr&#243;teses bal&#227;o-expans&#237;veis e implante mais alto em rela&#231;&#227;o ao anel valvar.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
        <p>O trabalho de &#250;nico centro pode limitar a reprodutibilidade e a generaliza&#231;&#227;o dos resultados do protocolo institu&#237;do. O reduzido n&#250;mero de pacientes nesta amostra impede an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica de maior robustez. Este estudo tamb&#233;m carece de uma an&#225;lise de custo-efetividade, assunto de interesse para novas iniciativas.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>Nesta experi&#234;ncia inicial, a aplica&#231;&#227;o de um protocolo institucional de TAVI-M mostrou-se segura e exequ&#237;vel em hospital do SUS, refletindo-se em resultados cl&#237;nicos satisfat&#243;rios, reduzido tempo de interna&#231;&#227;o e baixas taxas de readmiss&#227;o hospitalar.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label/>
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>Este artigo &#233; parte da disserta&#231;&#227;o de mestrado de Marcos Almeida Meniconi pelo Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia &#8211; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <label/>
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo CAAE: 42516121.6.0000.5462. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Research Letter</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Viability and Safety of Early Hospital Discharge after Minimalist TAVI in the Brazilian Unified Health System</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7357-8378</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Meniconi</surname>
            <given-names>Marcos Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis;</role>
          <role>Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Fernanda Jacques Cal&#231;ado</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6887-1169</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Cervone</surname>
            <given-names>Alberto Colella</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Togna</surname>
            <given-names>Dorival Julio Della</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feres</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7180-5779</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ramos</surname>
            <given-names>Auristela Isabel de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4903-5274</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Siqueira</surname>
            <given-names>Dimytri Alexandre de Alvim</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data and Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Marcos Almeida Meniconi &#8226; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Hemodin&#226;mica &#8211; Av. Dr. En&#233;as de Carvalho, 44. Postal code 05403-000, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: meniconimarcos@gmail.com </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="edited-by">
          <p>Editor responsible for the review: Pedro Lemos</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <label>Central Illustration</label>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <caption>
              <title>: Viability and Safety of Early Hospital Discharge after Minimalist TAVI in the Brazilian Unified Health System</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>Results after transcatheter aortic valve implantation with a minimalist approach. CKD: chronic kidney disease; PO: postoperative days; TAVI: transcatheter aortic valve implantation.</attrib>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-09-e20230328-30328-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Stenosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Unified Health System</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has established itself as the treatment of choice for octogenarian patients with aortic stenosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Broadly speaking, TAVI with a minimalist approach (M-TAVI) refers to the performance of the procedure under conscious sedation and local anesthesia, percutaneous femoral access, monitoring with transthoracic echocardiography, and early mobilization. Studies have indicated the safety of M-TAVI with hospital discharge within 24 hours after the procedure<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> with reduced hospital costs,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup>which is a relevant aspect from the perspective of national public health. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and safety of a multidisciplinary institutional M-TAVI protocol with the goal of hospital discharge within 48 hours, implemented in a tertiary hospital that is part of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>This was an observational, prospective, single-center study with a selection of patients who consecutively underwent TAVI from September 2020 to May 2022.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Inclusion and exclusion criteria</title>
          <p>Patients aged &#8805; 18 years, with important aortic stenosis and elective indication for TAVI were selected. Patients with any of the following were excluded: significant left ventricular dysfunction (left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 30%); need for alternative access route (other than femoral); creatinine clearance &lt; 15 ml/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>; presence of blood dyscrasia or severe thrombocytopenia (&lt; 50,000/mm<sup>3</sup>); performance of another surgical or percutaneous interventional procedure during the same hospitalization period.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Data collection and statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Data were collected by means of a questionnaire, electronic medical records, and/or telephone contact, systematically applied 30 days after hospital discharge. Quantitative variables were presented as mean &#177; standard deviation or interquartile range. Categorical variables were expressed as a proportion of the whole (%).</p>
          <p>The clinical outcomes analyzed included death from all causes, death from cardiovascular causes, stroke, vascular and hemorrhagic complications, and the need for a permanent pacemaker within 30 days; the length of hospital stay and the need for hospital readmissions within 30 days were also evaluated. Outcomes were defined according to the Valve Academic Research Consortium 3.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>From September 2020 to May 2022, 87 patients underwent TAVI, with 65 patients (74.7%) undergoing the minimalist strategy; 22 met exclusion criteria (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Central Figure</xref>). There was no loss to follow-up.</p>
        <p>Patients who underwent M-TAVI had a mean age of 79.9 &#177; 4.8 years, and 27 (41.5%) were women. Patients had low surgical risk, according to the STS and Euroscore II scores (means of 2.4% &#177; 1.45% and 3.0% &#177; 2.15%, respectively). The most prevalent comorbidities were systemic arterial hypertension in 51 (78.4%) patients, diabetes mellitus in 26 (40%), and coronary artery disease in 25 (38.4%). Six patients (9.2%) had a bicuspid aortic valve (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Baseline characteristics</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Characteristics</th>
                  <th>n (standard deviation)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age (years)</td>
                  <td align="center">79.9 (&#177; 4.8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Female sex</td>
                  <td align="center">27 (41.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Body mass index (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                  <td align="center">28.4 (&#177; 6.2)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Distance to home (km)</td>
                  <td align="center">19.4 (&#177; 7.5)*</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="4">NYHA functional class</td>
                  <td align="center">I: 4 (6.2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">II: 40 (61.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">III: 21 (32.3%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">IV: 0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="5">CCS angina grade</td>
                  <td align="center">Sem angina: 43 (66%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">I: 1 (1.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">II: 15 (23%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">III: 5 (8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">IV: 1 (1.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Systemic arterial hypertension</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (78.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Diabetes mellitus</td>
                  <td align="center">26 (40%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Dyslipidemia</td>
                  <td align="center">35 (53.8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Creatinine clearance (mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                  <td align="center">&gt; 60: 37 (57%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">45 a 59: 19 (29.2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">30 a 44: 9 (13.8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Coronary artery disease</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (38.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Prior stroke</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (9.2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Neoplasia</td>
                  <td align="center">9 (13.8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Tobacco use</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (32.3%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (4.6%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Peripheral arterial disease</td>
                  <td align="center">7 (10.8%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Prior revascularization surgery</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (15.4%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Percutaneous coronary intervention</td>
                  <td align="center">5 (7.7%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Bicuspid aortic valve</td>
                  <td align="center">6 (9.2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>STS score (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.4 (&#177; 1.45)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Euroscore II (%)</td>
                  <td align="center">3.0 (&#177; 2.15)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>
                  <italic>* Outliers were excluded (values &gt; 53.1 km and &lt; 6.9 km).</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Admission electrocardiography revealed the following: sinus rhythm in 52 (80%) patients, atrial fibrillation in 9 (13.8%), permanent pacemaker rhythm in 4 (6.2%), first-degree atrioventricular block in 14 (21.5%), left bundle branch block in 7 (10.8%), and right bundle branch block in 5 (7.7%).</p>
        <p><xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> describes the prostheses used, amount of contrast, and performance of pre- or post-dilation.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Procedure characteristics</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Prosthesis type</th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Evolut R<sup>&#174;</sup> (Medtronic<sup>&#174;</sup>): 1 (1.5%) Sapien 3<sup>&#174;</sup> (Edwards Lifesciences<sup>&#174;</sup>): 14 (21%) Accurate Neo<sup>&#174;</sup> (Boston Scientific<sup>&#174;</sup>): 12 (18.5%) Myval<sup>&#174;</sup> (Meril Life Sciences<sup>&#174;</sup>): 38 (59%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Pre-dilation (n)</td>
                  <td align="center">34 (52.3%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Post-dilation (n)</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (29.2%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Contrast (ml)</td>
                  <td align="center">108 (&#177; 30)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Baseline transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrated the following: mean aortic valve area of 0.65 (&#177; 0.15) cm<sup>2</sup>, mean aortic transvalvular gradient of 53 &#177; 18.4 mmHg, estimated mean pulmonary artery systolic pressure of 35 &#177; 12 mmHg, and mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 55.2% &#177; 0.11% (Simpson method). Immediately after TAVI, the mean effective aortic orifice area increased to 2.1 &#177; 0.5 cm<sup>2</sup>, and the mean aortic transvalvular gradient was 4.7 (&#177; 3.5) mmHg. The incidence of paravalvular leak &#8805; moderate was 4.6% (n = 3).</p>
        <p>Two deaths occurred: 1 due to cardiovascular causes and 1 due to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Two patients (3%) required permanent pacemaker implantation. Major bleeding occurred in 3 (4.6%) cases, requiring surgical conversion (<xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref>).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3001">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; In-hospital clinical outcomes</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">In-hospital outcomes</th>
                  <th>n (%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Total deaths</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (3%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Death from cardiovascular causes</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Stroke</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Major vascular complication</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Major life-threatening bleeding</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (4.6%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Permanent pacemaker implantation</td>
                  <td align="center">2 (3%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Anesthetic conversion</td>
                  <td align="center">3 (4.6%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Valve annulus rupture</td>
                  <td align="center">1 (1.5%)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Coronary obstruction</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Second prosthesis implant</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <sec>
          <title>Length of hospital stay</title>
          <p>The mean length of hospital stay was 52.1 hours or 2.17 days. Hospital discharge in under 48 hours after TAVI was achieved in 52 (80%) patients, with 39 (60%) discharged within 24 hours (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 1</xref>).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f02001">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Time to hospital discharge after M-TAVI.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-09-e20230328-30328-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>Hospital discharge was delayed (&gt; 48 hours) due to presence of moderate paravalvular leak (n = 1), post-renal acute kidney injury (n = 1), femoral artery pseudoaneurysm (n = 1), major vascular complication (n = 1), minor bleeding (n = 1), surgical conversion (n = 1), and conduction disorders (n = 5).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Hospital readmissions</title>
          <p>Four patients (6.1%) were readmitted within 30 days, 2 of them (3%) due to cardiovascular causes (decompensated heart failure and stroke). The non-cardiovascular causes were pathological fracture of the femur and epistaxis. No deaths occurred within 30 days after hospital discharge.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The mean length of hospital stay of 2.17 days is similar to that of a large 2019 registry from the United States<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> and the 3M-TAVR clinical trial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> In this series, the indication for permanent pacemaker within 30 days was only 3%, in contrast to 20.1% in the Brazilian national multicenter registry from 2008 to 2015.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> This result can be explained by the predominance of balloon-expandable prosthesis and higher implant in relation to the valve annulus.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limitations</title>
          <p>The single-center design of this study can limit the reproducibility and generalization of the results of the protocol instituted. The small number of patients in this sample prevents a more robust statistical analysis. This study also lacks cost-effectiveness analysis, which is a subject of interest for future initiatives.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>In this initial experience, the application of an institutional M-TAVI protocol proved to be safe and feasible in a SUS hospital, as reflected by satisfactory clinical results, reduced hospitalization time, and low hospital readmission rates.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label/>
          <p>Study association</p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Marcos Almeida Meniconi, from Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia &#8211; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label/>
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia under the protocol number CAAE: 42516121.6.0000.5462. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
