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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">Z5ZDtBcNr6g75dtHDWmzv4q</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000900307</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00307</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220835</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Qualidade de Vida Relacionada &#224; Sa&#250;de e Desfechos em Longo Prazo ap&#243;s COVID-19 Sintom&#225;tica Leve: Protocolo do Estudo P&#243;s-COVID Brasil 2</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6048-8317</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rover</surname>
            <given-names>Marciane Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1374-6595</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Trott</surname>
            <given-names>Geraldine</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2150-6337</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Scolari</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Motta Dias da</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Denise de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Rosa da Rosa Minho dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dagnino</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Paula Aquistapase</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mesquita</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana de</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Estivalete</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Pozza</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kozesinski-Nakatani</surname>
            <given-names>Amanda Christina</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4278-3771</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marcolino</surname>
            <given-names>Milena Soriano</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna Brand&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Schvartzman</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Roberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Antonio</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Carolina Pe&#231;anha</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Robinson</surname>
            <given-names>Caroline Cabral</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Falavigna</surname>
            <given-names>Maicon</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Biolo</surname>
            <given-names>Andreia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Polanczyk</surname>
            <given-names>Carisi Anne</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rosa</surname>
            <given-names>Regis Goulart</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Moinhos de Vento</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Projetos de Pesquisa &#8211; Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Moinhos de Vento</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia &#8211; Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santa Casa de Curitiba</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva &#8211; Hospital Santa Casa de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Medicina Interna &#8211; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Medicina Interna e Apoio Diagn&#243;stico</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Bahia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Medicina Interna e Apoio Diagn&#243;stico &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia &#8211; Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital da Mulher &#8211; Maria Luzia Costa dos Santos</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Salvador</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva &#8211; Hospital da Mulher &#8211; Maria Luzia Costa dos Santos, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva &#8211; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Unidade de Pesquisa</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Inova Medical</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Pesquisa &#8211; Inova Medical, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto Nacional de Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Tecnologias em Sa&#250;de</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Tecnologias em Sa&#250;de &#8211; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>10</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina &#8211; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Marciane Maria Rover &#8226; Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia &#8211; Hospital Moinhos de Vento &#8211; Rua Tiradentes, 333, 3&#186; andar. CEP 90560-030, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil Email: <email>marciane.rover@hmv.org.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>Os Drs. Marciane Maria Rover, Geraldine Trott, Fernando Lu&#237;s Scolari, Mariana Motta Dias da Silva, Denise de Souza, Rosa da Rosa Minho dos Santos, Ana Paula Aquistapase Dagnino, Juliana de Mesquita Neto, Gabriel Pozza Estivalete, Caroline Cabral Robinson e Regis Goulart Rosa - Trabalham no PROADI SUS do Hospital Moinhos de Vento.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>13</day>
        <month>10</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>9</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220835</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>22</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <title>Figura Central</title>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <caption>
              <title>: Qualidade de Vida Relacionada &#224; Sa&#250;de e Desfechos em Longo Prazo ap&#243;s COVID-19 Sintom&#225;tica Leve: Protocolo do Estudo P&#243;s-COVID Brasil 2</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>Delineamento do estudo P&#243;s-COVID Brasil 2.</attrib>
            <alternatives>
              <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/Z5ZDtBcNr6g75dtHDWmzv4q/e11e47060dfd8a7e1342938be9b6fcfcb81bceb6.tif"/>
              <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/Z5ZDtBcNr6g75dtHDWmzv4q/c5e6ae3a98f2fe58a3bb6648f5e8fbb3d8880f30.png" specific-use="scielo-web"/>
              <graphic xlink:href="https://minio.scielo.br/documentstore/1678-4170/Z5ZDtBcNr6g75dtHDWmzv4q/9145e6fb4f4bf4931a93ac1b1f51fe35ab3c9906.jpg" specific-use="scielo-web" content-type="scielo-267x140"/>
            </alternatives>
          </fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> Os efeitos em longo prazo da COVID-19 leve sobre a sa&#250;de f&#237;sica, mental e cognitiva ainda n&#227;o s&#227;o bem conhecidos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo</title>
          <p> Este artigo visa descrever o protocolo para o estudo em andamento P&#243;s-COVID Brasil 2, o qual tem como objetivo avaliar os fatores associados &#224; qualidade de vida associada &#224; sa&#250;de e desfechos cardiovasculares e n&#227;o cardiovasculares de longo prazo um ano ap&#243;s um epis&#243;dio de COVID-19 sintom&#225;tica leve.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> O estudo &#8220;P&#243;s-COVID Brasil 2&#8221; &#233; um estudo multic&#234;ntrico prospectivo que pretende incluir 1047 pacientes (NCT05197647). Entrevistas estruturas, centralizadas s&#227;o conduzidas em um m&#234;s, e aos tr&#234;s, seis, nove e 12 meses ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico de COVID-19. O desfecho prim&#225;rio &#233; o escore de utilidade da qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de, avaliado usando o question&#225;rio EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L) aos 12 meses. Desfechos secund&#225;rios incluem o EQ-5D-3L aos tr&#234;s, seis e nove meses, mortalidade por todas as causas, eventos cardiovasculares maiores, hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o, retorno ao trabalho ou &#224; escola, sintomas persistentes, novas incapacidades em atividades instrumentais di&#225;rias, d&#233;ficit cognitivo, ansiedade, depress&#227;o, e sintomas de transtorno do estresse p&#243;s-traum&#225;tico as tr&#234;s, seis, nove e doze meses ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o pelo SARS-CoV-2. Um valor de p&lt;0,05 ser&#225; considerado estatisticamente significativo para as an&#225;lises.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> O desfecho prim&#225;rio ser&#225; apresentado como frequ&#234;ncia dos dom&#237;nios do EQ-5D-3L doze meses ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2. A an&#225;lise principal explorar&#225; a associa&#231;&#227;o das vari&#225;veis independentes com os desfechos do estudo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> O estudo &#8220;P&#243;s-COVID Brasil 2&#8221; tem como objetivo elucidar o impacto da COVID longa sobre a qualidade de vida e desfechos cardiovasculares e n&#227;o cardiovasculares de brasileiros pacientes que apresentaram COVID-19 leve.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>SARS-CoV-2, Sinais e Sintomas</kwd>
        <kwd>Brasil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="4"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="40"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>SARS-CoV-2, o coronav&#237;rus agente causador da COVID-19, infectou mais de 540 milh&#245;es de pessoas em todo o mundo, resultando em mais de seis milh&#245;es de mortes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> No Brasil, mais de 34 milh&#245;es de casos de COVID-19 haviam sido relatados em novembro de 2022, sendo a maioria tratados ambulatorialmente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Sintomas persistentes ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o inicial pelo SARS-CoV-2 foram referidos como s&#237;ndrome p&#243;s-COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Vale mencionar que a maioria dos pacientes com essa s&#237;ndrome n&#227;o tem uma hist&#243;ria de doen&#231;a grave ou interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> De fato, um estudo mostrou que sintomas p&#243;s-COVID-19 eram frequentes, com 93% dos pacientes estudados (n=292) n&#227;o conseguindo retornar ao estado de sa&#250;de basal ap&#243;s duas ou tr&#234;s semanas de um teste positivo para SARS-CoV-2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Os sintomas mais comumente relatados foram fadiga, dispneia, tosse, dor nas articula&#231;&#245;es, dificuldade de concentra&#231;&#227;o, perda de mem&#243;ria, ansiedade, e depress&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A persist&#234;ncia dos sintomas seis meses ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o inicial foi associada com o n&#250;mero de comorbidades e carga do sintoma durante a fase aguda da COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup>A Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de (OMS) definiu recentemente a s&#237;ndrome da COVID longa como sintomas que persistem ou se desenvolvem dentro de tr&#234;s meses de infec&#231;&#227;o,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> contanto que esses sintomas estejam presentes por pelo menos dois meses e n&#227;o podem ser explicados por outras causas.</p>
      <p>Eventos cardiovasculares foram relatados durante a fase aguda da COVID-19, mas dados recentes sugerem que insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial, pericardite, e outras condi&#231;&#245;es card&#237;acas podem ocorrer em at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o aguda.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Estudos mostraram que pelo menos 50% dos pacientes foram encaminhados para ambulat&#243;rios devido &#224; dispneia por COVID longa, e 84% relataram pelo menos um sintoma cardiorrespirat&#243;rio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, a incid&#234;ncia da insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca aumentou em quase duas vezes entre pacientes com COVID-19 pr&#233;via dentro de nove meses da infec&#231;&#227;o aguda.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Disfun&#231;&#227;o endotelial p&#243;s-COVID-19, avaliada por dilata&#231;&#227;o mediada por fluxo, tamb&#233;m foi observada nesses pacientes, o que pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da aterosclerose.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Ainda, pacientes com doen&#231;as cardiovasculares cr&#244;nicas est&#227;o em risco de descompensa&#231;&#227;o em at&#233; 30 dias ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o aguda.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Estudos mostraram que a eleva&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de troponina durante a fase aguda da COVID-19 est&#225; associada com desfechos cardiovasculares maiores em longo prazo, destacando a les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica causada pelo SARS-CoV-2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Estudos sobre a persist&#234;ncia de sintomas p&#243;s-COVID-19 inclu&#237;ram primariamente pacientes com apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica moderada a grave, aqueles que necessitaram de interna&#231;&#227;o, ou pacientes mais velhos com comorbidades.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> No entanto, a frequ&#234;ncia de sintomas em longo prazo e o impacto da COVID-19 sobre a qualidade de vida de pacientes mais jovens com apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica leve s&#227;o poucos conhecidos. Este &#233; um protocolo do estudo P&#243;s-COVID Brasil 2, que teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores associados &#224; qualidade de vida relacionada &#224; sa&#250;de (QVRS) um ano ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o leve por SARS-CoV-2. Os objetivos secund&#225;rios foram avaliar a QVRS aos tr&#234;s, seis e nove meses, bem como mortalidade por todas as causas, eventos cardiovasculares, reinterna&#231;&#227;o, retorno ao trabalho ou escola, sintomas persistentes, novas defici&#234;ncias em atividades instrumentais da vida di&#225;ria, d&#233;ficit cognitivo, ansiedade, depress&#227;o e sintomas de estresse p&#243;s-traum&#225;tico aos tr&#234;s, seis, nove e 12 meses ap&#243;s infec&#231;&#227;o leve por SARS-CoV-2.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="materials">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>O estudo P&#243;s-COVID Brasil 2 &#233; delineado como um estudo prospectivo multic&#234;ntrico de pacientes que tiveram COVID-19 com sintomas leves e est&#227;o sendo tratados ambulatorialmente. Foram selecionados centros da maioria das regi&#245;es brasileiras (<xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 1</xref>) com capacidade de tratar pacientes com COVID-19. As exig&#234;ncias para a sele&#231;&#227;o est&#227;o descritas na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref>. Os pacientes s&#227;o convidados a participar do estudo ou pessoalmente, durante a consulta, ou por telefone ap&#243;s a visita ao ambulat&#243;rio. O acompanhamento &#233; conduzido por meio de entrevistas estruturadas, centralizadas, por telefone, por uma equipe de pesquisadores treinados em um m&#234;s, e aos tr&#234;s, seis, nove e 12 meses ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico de COVID-19. O delineamento do estudo est&#225; ilustrado na <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura Central</xref>. O protocolo do estudo foi registrado no ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05197647) antes da inclus&#227;o do primeiro participante. O estudo foi aprovado pelo comit&#234; de &#233;tica institucional (protocolo 54665321.6.1001.5330) e segue a resolu&#231;&#227;o n&#250;mero 466/12 do Conselho Nacional da Sa&#250;de. Consentimento informado por escrito ou eletr&#244;nico &#233; obtido de cada participante no recrutamento.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; N&#250;mero de centros inclu&#237;dos no Brasil por estado.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-09-e20220835-20835-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Requerimentos para a sele&#231;&#227;o do centro</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup width="100%">
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Centro de refer&#234;ncia de casos de COVID-19, como uma sala de emerg&#234;ncia, unidades de sa&#250;de, ou telemedicina;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Teste RT-PCR ou de ant&#237;geno para COVID-19 dispon&#237;veis;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Cumprimento do protocolo do estudo;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Consentimento por escrito para participa&#231;&#227;o no estudo;</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Aprova&#231;&#227;o do estudo por comit&#234;s de &#233;tica locais e autoridades &#233;ticas.</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <sec>
        <title>Elegibilidade dos participantes</title>
        <p>Pacientes com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, com sintomas consistentes com infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 e um teste positivo (RT-PCR ou ant&#237;geno) para COVID-19, s&#227;o eleg&#237;veis para participa&#231;&#227;o. Pacientes com doen&#231;a subjacente e expectativa de vida de menos de tr&#234;s meses, determinado por avalia&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica, pacientes sem suporte familiar, pacientes com defici&#234;ncia na comunica&#231;&#227;o (afasia, defici&#234;ncia cognitiva, falante de outra l&#237;ngua diferente da portuguesa), pacientes sem telefone, pacientes que retiraram seu consentimento, e aqueles inclu&#237;dos no estudo anteriormente foram exclu&#237;dos. Os crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade para o estudo est&#227;o resumidos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o do estudo P&#243;s-COVID Brasil 2</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="2" scope="col">Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">Idade &#8805; 18 anos</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">Teste RT-PCR positivo para SARS-CoV-2 com <italic>swab</italic> nasofar&#237;ngeo ou teste de ant&#237;geno positivo para SARS-CoV-2 com <italic>swab</italic> nasofar&#237;ngeo</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">No m&#237;nimo um dos seguintes sintomas: Febre (&gt; 38 &#176;C), tosse, espirros, dispneia, perda ou altera&#231;&#227;o do olfato (anosmia) ou paladar (ageusia), coriza, dor de garganta, dor de cabe&#231;a, mialgia, dor na articula&#231;&#227;o, e diarreia</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">Avalia&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 sem necessidade de interna&#231;&#227;o</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Crit&#233;rios de exclus&#227;o</td>
                  <td align="center">Racional</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Expectativa de vida &lt; tr&#234;s meses por comorbidade subjacente</td>
                  <td align="center">A primeira entrevista de acompanhamento ser&#225; realizada tr&#234;s meses ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico de COVID-19.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Aus&#234;ncia de suporte familiar em um paciente com disfun&#231;&#227;o de linguagem ou de comunica&#231;&#227;o (afasia, d&#233;ficit cognitivo, n&#227;o ser falante da l&#237;ngua portuguesa)</td>
                  <td align="center">A entrevista por telefone exige que o paciente se comunique com o entrevistador e entenda e responda as quest&#245;es. Pacientes que n&#227;o s&#227;o capazes disso necessitar&#227;o de um membro da fam&#237;lia</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Aus&#234;ncia de n&#250;mero de telefone para contato</td>
                  <td align="center">Todos os question&#225;rios ser&#227;o administrados por entrevista telef&#244;nica.</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Retirada do consentimento</td>
                  <td align="center">A inclus&#227;o dos participantes sem consentimento resultaria em quest&#245;es &#233;ticas</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Participantes inclu&#237;dos previamente no estudo</td>
                  <td align="center">Dupla entrada no estudo levaria a um vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Desfechos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfecho prim&#225;rio</title>
        <p>O desfecho prim&#225;rio do estudo &#233; o escore de utilidade de QVRS, medido usando o question&#225;rio EuroQol com cinco dimens&#245;es e tr&#234;s n&#237;veis (EQ-5D-3L) um ano ap&#243;s o diagn&#243;stico de COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> O EQ-5D-3L consiste em um sistema descritivo composto por cinco dimens&#245;es que descrevem a QVRS do paciente: mobilidade, autocuidado, atividades usuais, dor/desconforto e ansiedade/depress&#227;o. Cada dimens&#227;o tem tr&#234;s n&#237;veis de gravidade: nenhum problema, alguns problemas, e problemas extremos. Na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira, o escore de utilidade derivou de um sistema descritivo que varia de -0,176 (representando o pior estado de sa&#250;de, com problemas graves em todas as dimens&#245;es) a 1 (indicando o melhor estado de sa&#250;de, sem nenhum problema).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> A m&#237;nima diferen&#231;a clinicamente importante estimada para o EQ-5D-3L &#233; 0,03, e o valor m&#233;dio na popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira &#233; 0,82.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> Os pacientes que forem a &#243;bito durante o acompanhamento receber&#227;o um escore de zero nas avalia&#231;&#245;es restantes ap&#243;s o evento para assegurar que o impacto da morte sobre a qualidade de via &#233; adequadamente refletida na an&#225;lise.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos secund&#225;rios</title>
        <p>Os desfechos secund&#225;rios incluem v&#225;rios par&#226;metros avaliados em diferentes momentos ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o pelo SARS-CoV2. Esses incluem o escore de utilidade EQ-5D-3L avaliado em um m&#234;s, e aos tr&#234;s, seis e nove meses ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o, mortalidade por todas as causas, eventos cardiovasculares maiores (morte cardiovascular, infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio n&#227;o fatal, e acidente vascular cerebral n&#227;o fatal, avaliados individualmente e combinados), interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar, e sintomas persistentes de COVID-19 (como dispneia, tosse, fadiga, fraqueza muscular, dor tor&#225;cica, dor nas articula&#231;&#245;es, altera&#231;&#227;o no olfato ou no paladar, queda de cabelo, dificuldade de se concentrar, e dist&#250;rbios do sono). Ainda, a disfun&#231;&#227;o cognitiva &#233; avaliada pela entrevista telef&#244;nica modificada para avalia&#231;&#227;o do estado cognitivo (TICS-M, <italic>Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified</italic>),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> sintomas de ansiedade e depress&#227;o estimados pela escala HADS (<italic>Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale</italic>),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> e transtorno de estresse p&#243;s-traum&#225;tico &#233; avaliado usando a escala de impacto do evento IES-6 (<italic>Impact of Event Scale-6</italic>) aos tr&#234;s, seis, nove e doze meses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> O estado f&#237;sico funcional &#233; avaliado usando o &#237;ndice de Barthel modificado,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> e novas defici&#234;ncias em atividades instrumentais di&#225;rias s&#227;o avaliadas usando a escala de Lawton &amp; Brody, que avalia qualquer defici&#234;ncia em dom&#237;nios como uso do telefone, transporte, compras, responsabilidade por seus medicamentos, e capacidade em lidar com finan&#231;as.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref></sup> Os desfechos secund&#225;rios tamb&#233;m incluem o retorno ao trabalho ou &#224; escola, e reinfec&#231;&#227;o sintom&#225;tica pelo SARS-CoV-2 (definida como recorr&#234;ncia de sintomas de COVID-19 e infec&#231;&#227;o confirmada por RT-PCR ou ant&#237;geno positivo para SARS-CoV-2 mais de 90 dias ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o prim&#225;ria), avaliados tr&#234;s, seis, nove, e 12 meses ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 e descritos como frequ&#234;ncia e incid&#234;ncia.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Fatores associados ou vari&#225;veis</title>
        <p>O estudo avaliar&#225; cinco conjuntos de vari&#225;veis quanto a potenciais associa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas. O primeiro conjunto inclui vari&#225;veis demogr&#225;ficas tais como sexo, idade, educa&#231;&#227;o, e renda familiar m&#233;dia. O segundo conjunto inclui comorbidades tais como doen&#231;as card&#237;acas (por exemplo, angina, infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio, e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca), doen&#231;as cerebrovasculares (como acidente vascular cerebral e ataque isqu&#234;mico transit&#243;rio), dem&#234;ncia, doen&#231;a vascular perif&#233;rica, doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica, diabetes, doen&#231;a do tecido conjuntivo, doen&#231;a hep&#225;tica, doen&#231;a renal cr&#244;nica, tumores s&#243;lidos, leucemia, linfoma, mieloma, AIDS, receptores de transplante de &#243;rg&#227;os s&#243;lidos, transplante de medula &#243;ssea, hipertens&#227;o pulmonar, terapia imunossupressora, e dist&#250;rbios de humor, entre outros. O &#237;ndice de comorbidade de Charlson ser&#225; calculado para esse conjunto de vari&#225;veis. O terceiro conjunto de vari&#225;veis &#233; o status de vacina&#231;&#227;o. O quarto conjunto avalia a gravidade da COVID-19 na apresenta&#231;&#227;o inicial de acordo com a classifica&#231;&#227;o da Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de, que inclui pacientes n&#227;o hospitalizados, com e sem disfun&#231;&#227;o funcional. O quinto conjunto avalia exames laboratoriais e de imagem complementares na apresenta&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a, incluindo prote&#237;na C reativa, d&#237;meros D, troponina, pept&#237;deo natriur&#233;tico cerebral, contagem de linf&#243;citos, tomografia computadorizada do t&#243;rax, e radiografia do t&#243;rax.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Acompanhamento</title>
        <p>O per&#237;odo de acompanhamento inicia-se no dia em que o participante assina o termo de consentimento (data de refer&#234;ncia para as entrevistas). A equipe de pesquisadores do hospital Moinhos de Vento, que s&#227;o treinados para coletarem dados e conduzirem as chamadas telef&#244;nicas de seguimento, contatam todos os participantes um, tr&#234;s, seis, nove e doze meses ap&#243;s o acompanhamento inicial. Todas as chamadas s&#227;o realizadas dentro de um per&#237;odo de mais ou menos 15 dias antes ou ap&#243;s a data esperada do telefonema, e registradas em um banco de dados eletr&#244;nico. Perda no seguimento por telefone &#233; definido como aus&#234;ncia de contato ap&#243;s 10 tentativas consecutivas em dias diferentes e mudan&#231;a do n&#250;mero telef&#244;nico. Haver&#225; perda do seguimento se ocorrer problema de conex&#227;o em duas ocasi&#245;es consecutivas ou se houver um erro em um dos n&#250;meros que n&#227;o possa ser resolvido. Durante a entrevista, os indiv&#237;duos inclu&#237;dos respondem perguntas de um question&#225;rio estruturado que aborda estado de vida, hist&#243;ria de interna&#231;&#227;o, retorno ao trabalho ou &#224; escola, o question&#225;rio EQ-5D-3L, persist&#234;ncia dos sintomas, e todos os desfechos anteriormente mencionados. Um membro da fam&#237;lia ou representante legal pode responder todas as perguntas, exceto aquelas relacionadas aos instrumentos HADS, IES-6, e TICS-m. Dados do EQ-5D-3L, da escala anal&#243;gica visual e da escala de Lawton e Brody um m&#234;s antes do diagn&#243;stico da COVID-19, s&#227;o coletados retrospectivamente durante os telefonemas de acompanhamento. Se informa&#231;&#245;es sobre mortalidade por todas as causas, eventos cardiovasculares maiores (morte cardiovascular, infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio n&#227;o fatal, e acidente vascular cerebral n&#227;o fatal), interna&#231;&#227;o dentro de 12 meses da entrada no estudo, ou retorno ao trabalho ou &#224; escola estiverem faltando, elas podem ser avaliadas retrospectivamente em qualquer telefonema subsequente.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Processamento para qualidade dos dados</title>
        <p>Formul&#225;rios <italic>online</italic> padr&#245;es para relato de casos, dispon&#237;veis para smartphones, tablets, e computadores s&#227;o usados para registro dos dados. A coleta e o manejo dos dados <italic>online</italic> t&#234;m v&#225;rios benef&#237;cios incluindo a padroniza&#231;&#227;o, a confiabilidade e a seguran&#231;a dos dados. Todos os dados s&#227;o armazenados e gerenciados no REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture &#8211; https://www.redcapbrasil.com.br).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup> O pesquisador principal atribui um nome de usu&#225;rio e uma senha &#250;nicos e intransfer&#237;veis a cada pesquisador para acessar a plataforma do estudo. H&#225;, tamb&#233;m, permiss&#245;es espec&#237;ficas dentro da plataforma.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Qualidade e seguran&#231;a dos dados</title>
        <p>Para assegurar a qualidade e a seguran&#231;a dos dados, os seguintes procedimentos s&#227;o seguidos:<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref></sup> 1. Toda a equipe de pesquisa passa por um treinamento sobre boas pr&#225;ticas cl&#237;nicas, procedimentos do estudo, e coleta de dados; 2. Todos os pesquisadores t&#234;m acesso ao centro coordenador para resolver problemas relacionados ao estudo; 3. Todo o gerenciamento dos dados est&#225; de acordo com a lei 13.709 geral de prote&#231;&#227;o de dados de 14 de agosto de 2018;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> 4. O acesso ao banco de dados &#233; protegido por um nome de usu&#225;rio e uma senha &#250;nicos e intransfer&#237;veis fornecidos a cada participante do estudo; 5. Uma c&#243;pia de seguran&#231;a dos dados &#233; automaticamente feita a cada 24 horas. A extra&#231;&#227;o dos dados para an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica &#233; realizada com anonimiza&#231;&#227;o de dados, permitindo a verifica&#231;&#227;o da consist&#234;ncia dos dados e monitoramento remoto dos processos; 6. O pesquisador principal verifica periodicamente a consist&#234;ncia dos dados. Em caso de erro, os pesquisadores s&#227;o notificados e solicitados a corrigir a entrada dos dados; 7. As chamadas telef&#244;nicas s&#227;o gravadas e auditadas para consist&#234;ncia dos dados. Os arquivos dos &#225;udios s&#227;o armazenados com anonimiza&#231;&#227;o dos dados em um servidor similar &#224;quele usado para os dados cl&#237;nicos. O acesso aos arquivos de &#225;udio &#233; permitido por meio de um nome de usu&#225;rio e uma senha; 8. O centro coordenador revisa, mensalmente, os relat&#243;rios detalhados sobre o rastreamento, crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o, e acompanhamento dos pacientes, consist&#234;ncia dos dados, e completude dos dados e imediatamente toma medidas para resolver qualquer problema; e 9. Procedimentos estat&#237;sticos s&#227;o realizados ao longo do estudo para identificar potenciais fraudes.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Tamanho amostral</title>
        <p>Um tamanho amostral estimado de 906 pacientes n&#227;o hospitalizados com COVID-19 &#233; necess&#225;rio para realizar uma regress&#227;o linear m&#250;ltipla com cinco preditores e uma correla&#231;&#227;o cruzada de 0,25 de acordo com o m&#233;todo PEAR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> Considerando uma taxa de 10% de perda de seguimento ou retirada de consentimento, a amostra final incluir&#225; 997 participantes. Devido a uma taxa de interna&#231;&#227;o antecipada de 2-5% em 21 dias, o tamanho da amostra aumentar&#225; para 1047 na primeira an&#225;lise dos pacientes n&#227;o internados.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>A an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica ser&#225; realizada uma vez que forem conduzidos a obten&#231;&#227;o de todos os dados, a limpeza e o bloqueio do conjunto de dados, e a submiss&#227;o do protocolo para publica&#231;&#227;o. Primeiramente, ser&#225; conduzida uma avalia&#231;&#227;o descritiva dos dados. As vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas ser&#227;o apresentadas em frequ&#234;ncia relativa e absoluta. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas ser&#227;o inicialmente avaliadas quanto &#224; distribui&#231;&#227;o usando o teste de Shapiro-Wilk e inspe&#231;&#227;o visual dos histogramas das vari&#225;veis. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas ser&#227;o apresentadas como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o ou mediana e intervalos interquartis. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre os desfechos do estudo e as vari&#225;veis independentes ser&#225; analisada usando Equa&#231;&#245;es de Estimativa Generalizada (EEG), tanto univariadas como multivariadas. Ser&#227;o apresentados os valores ajustados e os valores n&#227;o ajustados, bem como os intervalos de confian&#231;a de 95% e valores p para cada estimativa. Ser&#227;o realizadas an&#225;lises explorat&#243;rias de subgrupos quanto aos desfechos. Para as vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas, ser&#225; realizado o teste t ou o teste de Wilcoxon, dependendo da distribui&#231;&#227;o dos dados, e para as vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas, ser&#225; usado o teste do qui-quadrado. Modelos de regress&#227;o tamb&#233;m ser&#227;o conduzidos, dependendo do tipo do desfecho de interesse. Um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 0,05 e um intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95% ser&#227;o considerados para todas as an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas.</p>
        <p>O centro coordenador entrar&#225; em contato com pesquisadores locais para corrigir dados inconsistentes ou faltantes. Se os dados continuarem faltantes, os dados basais n&#227;o ser&#227;o substitu&#237;dos. Avalia&#231;&#245;es do EQ-5D-3L faltantes ser&#227;o substitu&#237;das pela &#250;ltima avalia&#231;&#227;o realizada, exceto para pacientes que foram a &#243;bito, que receber&#227;o um escore de zero em toda o acompanhamento ap&#243;s o evento. Valores faltantes para o &#237;ndice de Barthel, HADS e IES-6 ser&#227;o substitu&#237;dos pela m&#233;dia dos itens respondidos na mesma subescala, se pelo menos metade da subescala tiver sido respondida. As an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas ser&#227;o realizadas usando o programa R, vers&#227;o 4.2.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Aspectos &#233;ticos e de dissemina&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento</title>
          <p>O estudo est&#225; de acordo com as diretrizes descritas na resolu&#231;&#227;o 466 de 12 de dezembro de 2012 do Conselho Nacional da Sa&#250;de, com o adendo E6 das diretrizes de boas pr&#225;ticas cl&#237;nicas (segunda revis&#227;o) do <italic>International Council for Harmonization</italic>, e com a lei 13.709 geral de prote&#231;&#227;o de dados de 14 de agosto de 2018. O estudo foi iniciado somente ap&#243;s a aprova&#231;&#227;o do protocolo pelos comit&#234;s de &#233;tica das institui&#231;&#245;es. Consentimento por escrito ou eletr&#244;nico &#233; obtido de cada participante eleg&#237;vel no momento do recrutamento, e a linguagem utilizada &#233; clara e inclusiva, ao fornecer informa&#231;&#245;es sobre objetivos, metodologia, coleta de dados, e processo de registro do estudo, de acordo com a resolu&#231;&#227;o 466/2012 do Conselho Nacional de Sa&#250;de. O pesquisador local l&#234; o termo de consentimento aos participantes rastreados ou seus representantes legais, explicando os potenciais riscos e benef&#237;cios do estudo. Todos os participantes s&#227;o volunt&#225;rios e podem retirar o consentimento em qualquer momento, sem impacto sobre seu tratamento. O pesquisador tamb&#233;m informa aos participantes que seu registro de identifica&#231;&#227;o ser&#225; gravado e poder&#225; ser acessado pelas autoridades locais de vigil&#226;ncia sanit&#225;ria e pelo centro coordenador, sem violar a confidencialidade dos participantes. O termo de consentimento &#233; registrado com a data atual e assinado tanto pelo participante (ou representante legal) como pelo pesquisador somente ap&#243;s o esclarecimento dos procedimentos do estudo e antes da aplica&#231;&#227;o de qualquer protocolo. Uma c&#243;pia do termo de consentimento fica com o participante, e a outra com o pesquisador.</p>
          <p>De acordo com a Carta Circular n&#250;mero 2/2021 da Comiss&#227;o Nacional de &#201;tica em Pesquisa, vinculada ao Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de, emitida em 24 de fevereiro de 2021, que d&#225; orienta&#231;&#245;es para procedimentos em pesquisas e atividades de comit&#234;s de &#233;ticas em ambiente virtual durante a pandemia da COVID-19, uma assinatura digital pode ser aceita em centros em que pacientes s&#227;o acompanhados remotamente ou quando os pacientes ou seus representantes legais n&#227;o conseguem ir ao centro. Independentemente do formato, o pesquisador &#233; respons&#225;vel por confirmar o consentimento.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Dissemina&#231;&#227;o</title>
          <p>Os pesquisadores pretendem apresentar os resultados do estudo em reuni&#245;es m&#233;dicas e congressos, e preparar o artigo para publica&#231;&#227;o em uma revista m&#233;dica com revis&#227;o por pares. O comit&#234; de dire&#231;&#227;o do estudo determinar&#225; quais resultados ser&#227;o publicados e a que revista eles ser&#227;o submetidos. A autoria ser&#225; determinada seguindo-se a defini&#231;&#227;o do <italic>International Committee of Medical Journal Editors</italic> (ICMJE).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Compartilhamento de dados</title>
      <p>Os autores encorajam pesquisadores terceiros a contatarem o autor de correspond&#234;ncia para compartilhar os dados e a acessarem os dados n&#227;o publicados. O uso de um aplicativo para compartilhamento de dados est&#225; sob considera&#231;&#227;o pelo comit&#234; de dire&#231;&#227;o do estudo.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o e atualiza&#231;&#227;o do estudo</title>
      <p>Nosso estudo tem como objetivo investigar o impacto da COVID-19 longa sobre a qualidade de vida e desfechos de pacientes que tiveram COVID-19 leve. A maioria dos estudos anteriores sobre persist&#234;ncia dos sintomas focaram em pacientes com COVID-19 moderada a grave, que necessitaram de interna&#231;&#227;o e apresentaram alta carga de comorbidades.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Com o foco nos pacientes com COVID-19, nosso estudo pode identificar aqueles com risco de desenvolverem sintomas de longo prazo, e divulgar pol&#237;ticas p&#250;blicas de sa&#250;de que visem subgrupos espec&#237;ficos de pacientes com maior probabilidade de se beneficiarem de um acompanhamento.</p>
      <p>Uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica que analisou nove estudos de pacientes com COVID-19 leve e um acompanhamento de v&#225;rias semanas ap&#243;s a infe&#231;&#227;o mostrou que a persist&#234;ncia de sintomas al&#233;m de tr&#234;s semanas variou entre 10% e 35%, sendo a fadiga o sintoma mais comum. Outros sintomas persistentes ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o incluem dispneia, tosse, dor tor&#225;cica, cefaleia, decl&#237;nio mental e cognitivo, e dist&#250;rbios de paladar e do olfato. Ainda, a persist&#234;ncia dos sintomas ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV-2 tem um impacto significativo sobre as atividades relacionadas ao trabalho.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref></sup> Contudo, o impacto dos sintomas com dura&#231;&#227;o acima de tr&#234;s meses continua desconhecido.</p>
      <p>Dados populacionais do Brasil durante o primeiro ano da pandemia mostraram um aumento na mortalidade cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref></sup> Isso &#233; preocupante considerando que o v&#237;rus SARS-CoV-2 pode ter um impacto sobre o sistema cardiovascular por v&#225;rios mecanismos, incluindo disfun&#231;&#227;o microvascular, disparidade entre o fornecimento e a demanda de oxig&#234;nio, les&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica direta, e toxicidade no cardiomi&#243;citos durante a fase aguda da doen&#231;a.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref></sup>Esses mecanismos podem tamb&#233;m contribuir para desfechos cardiovasculares em longo prazo. Portanto, &#233; importante avaliar e acompanhar pacientes quanto &#224;s sequelas cardiovasculares para identificar aqueles em risco e tratar doen&#231;as card&#237;acas secund&#225;rias como a insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref></sup> Apesar desses esfor&#231;os, a carga real da COVID longa sobre a doen&#231;a cardiovascular continua desconhecida e pode demandar mais tempo para ser determinada. O estudo P&#243;s-COVID Brasil 2 tem como objetivo elucidar n&#227;o s&#243; a carga dos sintomas cardiovasculares em pacientes com COVID-19 bem como seus desfechos em longo prazo.</p>
      <p>Os pontos fortes deste estudo s&#227;o seu delineamento prospectivo, que inclui um grande n&#250;mero de pacientes com COVID-19 leve de v&#225;rios centros no Brasil, e avalia&#231;&#227;o centralizada dos desfechos, com um seguimento de 12 meses. No entanto, potenciais limita&#231;&#245;es incluem interpreta&#231;&#227;o subjetiva dos sintomas ap&#243;s a COVID-19, que pode ser influenciada por consultas m&#233;dicas e testes complementares conduzidos durante o acompanhamento. Essa abordagem de autoavalia&#231;&#227;o torna dif&#237;cil determinar se os sintomas resultam da infec&#231;&#227;o por SARS-CoV2 ou de comorbidades subjacentes.</p>
      <p>O delineamento e o protocolo do estudo foram conclu&#237;dos em dezembro de 2021. O recrutamento dos pacientes era esperado de ser completado em dezembro de 2022, mas o rastreamento continuar&#225; at&#233; a popula&#231;&#227;o alvo ser alcan&#231;ada. Na &#233;poca em que este artigo foi escrito, um ter&#231;o do n&#250;mero total de participantes haviam sido inclu&#237;dos no estudo, com 27 centros de recrutamento ativos. Os telefonemas aos participantes iniciaram-se em 24 de fevereiro de 2022. Os autores esperam completar o acompanhamento de um ano da popula&#231;&#227;o em dezembro de 2023.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ack>
      <title>Agradecimentos</title>
      <p>Agradecemos toda a equipe do Hospital Moinho de Ventos envolvida na coleta de dados e no seguimento e a todos os participantes do estudo.</p>
    </ack>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Financiamento: O Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de apoiou esse trabalho por meio do Programa de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PROADI-SUS). Os financiadores n&#227;o tiveram participa&#231;&#227;o no delineamento do estudo, coleta e an&#225;lise dos dados, decis&#227;o para publicar, ou preparo do manuscrito.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento</p>
        <p>O presente estudo foi financiado pelo Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de por meio do Programa de Desenvolvimento Institucional (PROADI-SUS).</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Health-Related Quality of Life and Long-Term Outcomes after Mildly Symptomatic COVID-19: The Post-COVID Brazil Study 2 Protocol</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6048-8317</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Rover</surname>
            <given-names>Marciane Maria</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1374-6595</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Trott</surname>
            <given-names>Geraldine</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Obtaining financing</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2150-6337</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Scolari</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Lu&#237;s</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Mariana Motta Dias da</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Souza</surname>
            <given-names>Denise de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>Rosa da Rosa Minho dos</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Dagnino</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Paula Aquistapase</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Mesquita</surname>
            <given-names>Juliana de</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Estivalete</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Pozza</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Kozesinski-Nakatani</surname>
            <given-names>Amanda Christina</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4278-3771</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marcolino</surname>
            <given-names>Milena Soriano</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barreto</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna Brand&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5001">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6001">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Schvartzman</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo Roberto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Antonio</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Carolina Pe&#231;anha</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7001">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Robinson</surname>
            <given-names>Caroline Cabral</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Falavigna</surname>
            <given-names>Maicon</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8001">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9001">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Biolo</surname>
            <given-names>Andreia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10001">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Polanczyk</surname>
            <given-names>Carisi Anne</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10001">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rosa</surname>
            <given-names>Regis Goulart</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Projetos de Pesquisa &#8211; Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia &#8211; Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva &#8211; Hospital Santa Casa de Curitiba, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Medicina Interna &#8211; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Medicina Interna e Apoio Diagn&#243;stico &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia &#8211; Universidade Federal da Bahia Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6001">
        <label>6</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva &#8211; Hospital da Mulher &#8211; Maria Luzia Costa dos Santos, Salvador, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7001">
        <label>7</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Terapia Intensiva &#8211; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8001">
        <label>8</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Pesquisa &#8211; Inova Medical, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9001">
        <label>9</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Nacional de Avalia&#231;&#227;o de Tecnologias em Sa&#250;de &#8211; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10001">
        <label>10</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina &#8211; Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Marciane Maria Rover &#8226; Divis&#227;o de Cardiologia - Hospital Moinhos de Vento - Rua Tiradentes, 333, 3&#186; andar. Postal Code 90560-030, Porto Alegre, RS - Brazil Email: marciane.rover@hmv.org.br </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
          <p>Drs. Marciane Maria Rover, Geraldine Trott, Fernando Lu&#237;s Scolari, Mariana Motta Dias da Silva, Denise de Souza, Rosa da Rosa Minho dos Santos, Ana Paula Aquistapase Dagnino, Juliana de Mesquita Neto, Gabriel Pozza Estivalete, Caroline Cabral Robinson and Regis Goulart Rosa - Work at PROADI SUS at Hospital Moinhos de Vento.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract abstract-type="graphical">
        <title>Central Illustration</title>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <caption>
              <title>: Health-Related Quality of Life and Long-Term Outcomes after Mildly Symptomatic COVID-19: The Post-COVID Brazil Study 2 Protocol</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>Activities of daily living, physical activity, physical fitness and quality of life in healthy children and children with congenital heart disease.</attrib>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-09-e20220835-20835-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </abstract>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p> The long-term effects of mild COVID-19 on physical, cognitive, and mental health are not yet well understood.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p> The purpose of this paper is to describe the protocol for the ongoing &#8220;Post-COVID Brazil&#8221; study 2, which aims to evaluate the factors associated with health-related quality of life and long-term cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes one year after a mild episode of symptomatic COVID-19.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p> The &#8220;Post-COVID Brazil&#8221; study 2 is a prospective multicenter study that plans to enroll 1047 patients (NCT05197647). Centralized, structured telephone interviews are conducted at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. The primary outcome is the health-related quality-of-life utility score, assessed using the EuroQol-5D-3L (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire at 12 months. Secondary endpoints include the EQ-5D-3L at 3, 6, and 9 months, as well as all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events, hospitalization, return to work or education, persistent symptoms, new disabilities in instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. A p-value &lt; 0.05 will be considered statistically significant for all analyses.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> The primary endpoint will be presented as the overall frequency of the EQ-5D-3L domains 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Main analysis will explore the association of independent variables with the study outcomes.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p> The &#8220;Post-COVID Brazil&#8221; study 2 aims to clarify the impact of long COVID on the quality of life and cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular outcomes of Brazilian patients who have had mild COVID-19.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>SARS-CoV-2</kwd>
        <kwd>Signs and Symptoms</kwd>
        <kwd>Brazil</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that is the causative agent of COVID-19, has infected over 540 million people worldwide, resulting in more than six million deaths.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> In Brazil, more than 34 million COVID-19 cases were reported in November 2022, with most cases treated as outpatients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Persistent symptoms following initial SARS-CoV-2 infection have been referred to as post-acute COVID-19 syndrome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> It is worth noting that most patients with this syndrome do not have a history of severe disease or hospitalization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> In fact, a study showed that post-COVID-19 symptoms were common, with 93% of the study patients (n=292) failing to return to their baseline state of health even after two to three weeks of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The most commonly reported symptoms were fatigue, dyspnea, cough, joint pain, difficulty concentrating, memory loss, anxiety, and depression.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> Persistence of symptoms six months after the initial infection was associated with the number of comorbidities and symptom burden during the acute phase of COVID-19.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The World Health Organization (WHO) has recently defined long-COVID syndrome as symptoms that persist or develop within three months of infection,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> provided that the symptoms are present for at least two months and cannot be explained by other causes.</p>
        <p>Cardiovascular events have been reported during the acute phase of COVID-19, but recent data suggest that heart failure, atrial fibrillation, pericarditis, and other cardiac conditions may occur up to 30 days after the acute infection.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Studies have shown that at least 50% of patients were referred to outpatient clinics due to long COVID dyspnea, while 84% reported at least one cardiopulmonary symptom.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup>Furthermore, the incidence of heart failure has increased by almost two-fold among patients with previous COVID-19 within nine months of the acute infection.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> Post-COVID-19 endothelial dysfunction, assessed by flow-mediated dilation, has also been observed in these patients, which may contribute to atherosclerosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> Additionally, patients with chronic cardiovascular conditions are at risk of decompensation up to 30 days after the acute infection.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref></sup> Studies have shown that troponin elevation during the acute phase of COVID-19 is associated with major long-term cardiovascular outcomes, underscoring the myocardial injury caused by SARS-CoV-2.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Studies on post-COVID-19 symptom persistence have primarily included patients with moderate-to-severe clinical presentation, those requiring hospitalization, or older patients with comorbidities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> However, the frequency of long-term symptoms and the impact of COVID-19 on quality of life in younger patients with mild clinical presentation are still poorly understood. This is a protocol of the Post-COVID Brazil study 2 that sought to evaluate the factors associated with health-related quality of life (HRQOL) one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection. The secondary objectives are to evaluate HRQOL at three, six, and nine months, as well as all-cause mortality, cardiovascular events, rehospitalization, return to work or education, persistent symptoms, new disabilities in instrumental activities of daily living, cognitive impairment, and anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress symptoms at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>The post-COVID Brazil study 2 is designed as a prospective multicenter study of patients who have had COVID-19 with mild symptoms and are being treated as outpatients. Centers across most regions of Brazil (as shown in <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 1</xref>) that have the capacity to manage patients with COVID-19 have been selected. The requirements for center selection are outlined in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref>. Patients are enrolled in person during clinical evaluation or by telephone after visiting the healthcare facility. Follow-up is entirely conducted through centralized, structured telephone interviews that are performed by a team of trained researchers at one, three, six, nine, and 12 months after COVID-19 diagnosis. The study design is illustrated in the <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">central illustration</xref>. The study protocol has been registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05197647) prior to the recruitment of the first participant. The study has been approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (approval number, 54665321.6.1001.5330) and meets the Brazilian National Health Council Resolution 466/12. Written or electronic informed consent is obtained from each participant at the time of enrollment.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Number of included centers by federal states in Brazil.</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>Post-COVID Brazil study 2 design.</attrib>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-09-e20220835-20835-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Requirements for center selection</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">Referral health center for evaluation of COVID-19 cases as an emergency room, health centers or telehealth</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>COVID-19 RT-PCR test or antigen test available;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Compliance with the study protocol;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Written consent to participate in the study;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Study approval by the local research ethics committee and ethical authorities.</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <sec>
          <title>Patient eligibility</title>
          <p>Patients aged 18 years or older with clinical symptoms consistent with SARS-CoV-2 infection and a positive COVID-19 RT-PCR or antigen test are eligible for participation. Patients with an underlying illness and a life expectancy of less than three months, as determined by clinical judgement, patients without family support, who have communication impairment (aphasia, cognitive deficit, non-Portuguese speaker), patients without a telephone, patients who have withdrawn their consent, and those previously included in the study are excluded. The eligibility criteria for the study are summarized in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref>.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t2001">
              <label>Table 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Inclusion and exclusion criteria of the post-COVID Brazil study 2</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th colspan="2" scope="col">Inclusion criteria</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">&#8805; 18 years of age</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">RT-PCR test positive for SARS-CoV-2 with nasopharyngeal swab or antigen test positive for SARS-CoV-2 with nasopharyngeal swab</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">At least one of the following symptoms: Fever (&gt; 38 &#176;C), cough, sneezing, dyspnea, loss or impairment of the sense of smell (anosmia) or taste (ageusia), coryza, sore throat, headache, myalgia, joint pain, and diarrhea</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center" colspan="2">Outpatient evaluation for SARS-CoV-2 infection without need for hospitalization</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Exclusion criteria</td>
                    <td align="center">Rationale</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Life expectancy &lt; 3 months due to underlying comorbidity</td>
                    <td align="center">The first follow-up interview will be held 3 months after the COVID-19 diagnosis.</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Absence of familial support in a patient with language/communication impairment (aphasia, cognitive deficit, non-Portuguese speaker)</td>
                    <td align="center">The telephone interview requires patients to communicate with the interviewer and to understand and answer the questions. Patients unable to do so would require a family member.</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">No telephone available for contact</td>
                    <td align="center">All questionnaires will be administered via telephone interview.</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Withdrawal of consent</td>
                    <td align="center">The inclusion of participants without consent would result in ethical issues.</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td align="center">Participants previously included in the study</td>
                    <td align="center">Double entry in the study would lead to selection bias.</td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Outcomes</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Primary outcome</title>
          <p>The primary endpoint of the study is the HRQOL utility score, measured using the EuroQol 5-dimension 3-level (EQ-5D-3L) questionnaire at one year after the COVID-19 diagnosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup> The EQ-5D-3L questionnaire consists of a descriptive system comprising five dimensions that describe the patient&#8217;s HRQOL: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression. Each dimension has three levels of severity: no problems, some problems, and extreme problems. In the Brazilian population, the utility score derived from the descriptive system ranges from -0.176 (representing the worst health state, with severe problems in all dimensions) to 1 (indicating the best health state, with no problems at all).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> The estimated minimal clinically important difference for the EQ-5D-3L is 0.03, and the mean value in the Brazilian population is 0.82.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> Patients who die during the follow-up period will receive a score of zero in the remaining assessments after the event to ensure that the impact of death on quality of life is adequately reflected in the analysis.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Secondary outcomes</title>
          <p>Secondary outcomes include multiple parameters assessed at various time points after SARS-CoV-2 infection. These include the EQ-5D-3L utility score at one, three, six, and nine months after infection, all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke, evaluated individually and combined), hospitalization, and persistent COVID-19 symptoms (e.g., dyspnea, cough, fatigue, muscle weakness, chest pain, joint pain, smell or taste impairment, hair loss, difficulty concentrating, and sleep disorders). Additionally, cognitive impairment is assessed using the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status-modified (TICS-m),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> anxiety and depression symptoms are estimated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup> and post-traumatic stress disorder is evaluated using the Impact of Event Scale-6 (IES-6) at three, six, nine, and 12 months.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> Functional physical status is assessed using the modified Barthel index,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> and new disabilities in instrumental activities of daily living are evaluated using the Lawton &amp; Brody instrumental activities of daily living scale, which assesses any impairment in domains such as telephone use, transportation, shopping, responsibility for own medications, and ability to handle finances.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref></sup> Secondary outcomes also include return to work or education, and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 reinfection (defined as the recurrence of COVID-19-like symptoms and infection confirmed by an RT-PCR or antigen test positive for SARS-CoV-2 more than 90 days after primary infection), assessed at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and reported as frequency and incidence.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Associated factors or prognostic variables</title>
          <p>The study will evaluate five sets of variables for potential prognostic associations. The first set includes demographic variables such as age, sex, education, and mean family income. The second set includes comorbidities such as cardiac diseases (e.g., angina, acute myocardial infarction, and heart failure), cerebrovascular diseases (e.g., stroke and transient ischemic attack), dementia, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, connective tissue disease, hepatic disease, chronic kidney disease, solid tumors, leukemia, lymphoma, myeloma, AIDS, solid organ transplant recipients, bone marrow transplant, pulmonary artery hypertension, immunosuppressive therapy, and mood disorders, among others. The Charlson Comorbidity Index will be calculated for this set of variables. The third set of variables is COVID-19 vaccination status. The fourth set evaluates the severity of COVID-19 at initial presentation according to the WHO classification, which includes non-hospitalized patients with and without functional impairment. The fifth set evaluates complementary laboratory and imaging tests at disease presentation, including C-reactive protein, D-dimers, troponin, brain natriuretic peptide, lymphocyte count, chest computed tomography, and chest X-ray.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Follow-up</title>
          <p>The follow-up period begins on the day the participant signs the consent form (reference date for the interviews). The Hospital Moinhos de Vento research team members, who are trained to collect data and conduct follow-up telephone calls, contact all participants at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the initial follow-up. All calls are made within a 15-day period range of the expected call date and are recorded in an electronic database. A loss to telephone follow-up is defined as no contact after 10 consecutive attempts on different days and change of phone number. Loss to follow-up will also occur if there is a connection problem on two consecutive occasions or if there is a typo in the telephone number that cannot be resolved. During the interview, enrolled individuals are asked questions from a structured questionnaire that address their vital status, hospitalization history, return to work or education, the EQ-5D-3L questionnaire, symptom persistence, and all the previously mentioned outcomes. A family member or legal representative may answer all questions except those relating to HADS, IES-6, and TICS-m. Data on the EQ-5D-3L, visual analog scale, and Lawton and Brody scale from one month before the COVID-19 diagnosis, are collected retrospectively during the follow-up telephone calls. If information is missing regarding all-cause mortality, major cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death, non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, and non-fatal stroke), hospitalization within 12 months of study entry, or return to work or education, it may be evaluated retrospectively during any subsequent telephone call.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Data quality procedures</title>
          <p>Online standardized case report forms, available for smartphones, tablets, and personal computers, are used for data recording. Online data collection and management have several benefits including standardization, reliability, and data safety. All data are stored and managed with REDCap (Research Electronic Data Capture &#8211; https://www.redcapbrasil.com.br).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup> The principal investigator assigns each investigator a unique non-transferable username and password to access the study platform. Specific permissions within the study platform are required.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Data quality and safety</title>
          <p>To ensure data quality and safety, the following procedures are followed:<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref></sup> 1. All research staff undergo a training session on good clinical practices, study procedures, and data collection; 2. All investigators have access to the coordinating center to resolve any study issues; 3. All data management complies with the Brazilian General Data Protection Regulation (Law No. 13709 of August 14, 2018);<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> 4. Database access is protected by a unique non-transferable username and password given to each study participant; 5. The dataset is automatically backed up every 24 hours. Data extraction for statistical analysis is performed with data anonymization, allowing for data consistency checking and remote monitoring of procedures; 6. The principal investigator periodically checks for data inconsistency. In case of errors, the investigators are notified and requested to correct the data entry; 7. Telephone calls are recorded and audited for data consistency. The audio files are stored with data anonymization on a server similar to that for clinical data. Access to audio files is granted by a unique username and password; 8. The coordinating center reviews detailed reports on patient screening, inclusion criteria, follow-up, data consistency, and data completeness monthly and takes immediate actions to resolve any issues; and 9. Statistical procedures are run throughout the study to identify potential data fraud.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Sample size</title>
          <p>An estimated sample size of 906 non-hospitalized patients with COVID-19 is needed to conduct a multiple linear regression with five predictors and a cross-correlation of 0.25 according to the PEAR method.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> Accounting for a 10% rate of lost to follow-up or withdrawal of consent, the final sample will include 997 participants. Given an anticipated hospitalization rate of 2-5% within 21 days, the sample size will be increased to 1047 participants for the primary analysis of non-hospitalized patients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>Statistical analysis will be conducted once all data have been obtained, the dataset has been cleaned and locked, and the protocol has been submitted for publication. Firstly, a descriptive evaluation of the data will be conducted. Categorical variables will be presented as absolute and relative frequencies. Continuous variables will initially be assessed for data distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test and visual inspection of the variables&#8217; histograms. Continuous variables will be presented as either mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile ranges. The association between study outcomes and independent variables will be analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE), both univariate and multivariate. Both unadjusted and adjusted values, along with 95% confidence intervals and p-values for each estimate, will be presented. Exploratory analyses will be performed with subgroup analyses on the outcomes. For continuous variables, either t-tests or Wilcoxon tests will be used depending on the data distribution, and for categorical variables, the chi-square test will be employed. Regression models will also be conducted depending on the type of the outcome of interest. A significance level of 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval will be considered for all statistical analyses.</p>
          <p>The coordinating center will contact local investigators to correct inconsistent or missing data. If the data are still missing, no imputation will be performed for baseline data. Missing EQ-5D-3L assessments will be imputed using the last observation carried forward, except for deceased patients, who will receive a score of zero over the follow-up after the event. Missing values for the modified Barthel index, HADS, and IES-6 will be replaced by the mean of the answered items in the same subscale, if at least half of that subscale has been answered. Statistical analyses will be performed using R version 4.2.2 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Ethics and dissemination</title>
          <sec>
            <title>Ethical approval and consent procedures</title>
            <p>The study meets to the guidelines outlined in the Brazilian National Health Council Resolution 466 of December 12, 2012, the International Council for Harmonization guideline E6 addendum on good clinical practice (2nd revision), and the Brazilian General Data Protection Regulation (Law No. 13709 of August 14, 2018).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> The study was started only after approval of the protocol by the ethics committees of the institutions. Written or electronic informed consent is obtained from each eligible participant at the time of enrollment, and the language used is clear and inclusive, providing information on the objectives, methodology, data collection, and registration process of the study, in accordance with the Brazilian National Health Council Resolution 466/2012.</p>
            <p>The local investigator reads the consent form to the screened participants or their legal representative, explaining the potential risks and benefits of the study. All participants are volunteers and can withdraw their consent at any time with no impact on their care. The investigator also informs the participants that their identification registry will be recorded and can be accessed by local health surveillance authorities and the coordinating center, without violating participants&#8217; confidentiality. The consent form is registered with the current date and signed by both the participant or legal representative and the investigator only after the study procedures have been clarified and before any study protocol has been applied. One copy of the signed consent form is retained by the participant, and the other by the investigator.</p>
            <p>According to the Circular Letter No. 2/2021 of the Brazilian National Research Ethics Committee, linked to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, issued on February 24, 2021, which provides for instructions on performing research and ethics committee activities in virtual environments during the COVID-19 pandemic, a digital signature can be accepted in centers where patients are followed up remotely or when the patients or their legal representative are unable to come to the center to consent. Regardless of the consent format, the investigator is responsible for holding proof of consent.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Dissemination</title>
            <p>The investigators plan to present the study findings at medical meetings and conferences and to prepare a manuscript for publication in a peer-reviewed medical journal. The study&#8217;s steering committee will determine which results are to be published and to which medical journal they will be submitted. Authorship will be determined in accordance with the definition of the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE).</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data sharing</title>
        <p>The authors encourage third-party researchers to contact the corresponding author for data sharing and access to unpublished data. The use of a data-sharing application is under consideration by the study&#8217;s steering committee.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion and study update</title>
        <p>Our study aims to investigate the impact of long COVID-19 on the quality of life and outcomes of patients who have had mild COVID-19. Most previous studies on symptom persistence have focused on patients with moderate-to-severe COVID-19 requiring hospitalization and experiencing a high burden of comorbidities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> By focusing on patients with mild COVID-19, our study can identify those who are at risk of developing long-term symptoms and inform public health policies targeting specific subgroups of patients who are more likely to benefit from follow-up care.</p>
        <p>A systematic review that analyzed nine studies of patients with mild COVID-19 and a follow-up of several weeks after infection showed that symptom persistence beyond 3 weeks ranged from 10% to 35%, with fatigue as the most common symptom. Other persistent symptoms after infection included dyspnea, cough, chest pain, headache, mental and cognitive decline, and taste and smell disorders. Additionally, the persistence of symptoms after SARS-CoV-2 infection was found to significantly impact work-related activities.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref></sup> However, the impact of symptoms lasting beyond three months remains unknown.</p>
        <p>Population data from Brazil during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic have shown an increase in cardiovascular mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref></sup> This is concerning given that the SARS-CoV-2 virus can impact the cardiovascular system through several mechanisms, including microvascular dysfunction, oxygen supply-demand mismatch, direct myocardial injury, and cardiomyocyte toxicity during the acute phase of the disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref></sup>These mechanisms may also contribute to long-term cardiovascular outcomes. Therefore, it is important to evaluate and follow-up patients for post-acute cardiovascular sequelae to identify those at risk and treat secondary cardiac diseases such as heart failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref></sup> Despite these efforts, the actual burden of long COVID on cardiovascular disease remains unknown and may require more time to be determined. The Post-COVID Brazil study 2 aims to shed light not only on the burden of cardiovascular symptoms in patients with COVID-19 but also on long-term outcomes.</p>
        <p>The strength of this study lies in its prospective design, which includes a large number of patients with mild COVID-19 from various centers in Brazil, and centralized outcome adjudication with a 12-month follow-up. However, potential limitations include subjective interpretation of symptoms after COVID-19, which may be affected by medical visits and complementary tests conducted during the follow-up period. This self-assessment approach makes it difficult to determine whether the symptoms result from the SARS-CoV-2 infection or underlying comorbidities.</p>
        <p>The study design and protocol were completed in December 2021. Patient recruitment was expected to be completed by December 2022, but screening will continue until the target population is achieved. As of the time of writing, one-third of the total number of participants have been enrolled in the study, with 27 active enrollment centers. The first phone calls to participants were made on February 24, 2022. The authors anticipate completing the 1-year follow-up of the study population by December 2023.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <ack>
        <title>Acknowledgements</title>
        <p>We thank all the team members involved in data collection and follow-up at the Hospital Moinhos de Vento and all the study participants.</p>
      </ack>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label/>
          <p>Study association</p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of doctoral submitted by Marciane Maria Rover, from Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label/>
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the National research Ethics Committee under the protocol number 54665321.6.1001.5330. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Funding: The Brazilian Ministry of Health supported this work through the Brazilian Unified Health System Institutional Development Program (PROADI-SUS). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of funding</p>
          <p>This study was partially funded by Brazilian Unified Health System Institutional Development Program (PROADI-SUS).</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
