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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">YZZ7PJpDj3W6DmqGGHm3XtM</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000800206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230554</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Capacitar os Cardiologistas de Imagem com Ecocardiografia 3D-Speckle Tracking para Detectar Disfun&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica Subcl&#237;nica Relacionada &#224; Terapia Oncol&#243;gica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0814-6672</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mancio</surname>
            <given-names>Jennifer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Royal Brompton Hospital</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Guy&#8217;s and St Thomas NHS Trust Foundation</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Londres</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="GB">Reino Unido</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy&#8217;s and St Thomas NHS Trust Foundation, Londres &#8211; Reino Unido</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Porto</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Jennifer Mancio &#8226; Royal Brompton Hospital &#8211; CMR unit, Diagnostic Centre, Sidney Street, SW3 6NP London, UK E-mail: <email>jennimancio@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>25</day>
        <month>09</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230554</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>08</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Ecocardiografia Tridimensional/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Mioc&#225;rdio/diagn&#243;stico por imagem</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiotoxidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Disfun&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</kwd>
        <kwd>Fun&#231;&#227;o Ventricular Esquerda</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="11"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Apesar da expans&#227;o do campo da cardio-oncologia, a defini&#231;&#227;o de cardiotoxicidade para orientar as decis&#245;es terap&#234;uticas e impactar o progn&#243;stico ainda &#233; um trabalho em andamento. O diagn&#243;stico mais amplamente reconhecido de cardiotoxicidade &#233; baseado em altera&#231;&#245;es seriadas na fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (FEVE). O Documento de Posi&#231;&#227;o da ESC recomenda que, se a FEVE diminuir em 10% para um valor abaixo do limite inferior do normal (considerado como FEVE &gt; 50%), os inibidores da enzima conversora de angiotensina (ou bloqueadores dos receptores de angiotensina) em combina&#231;&#227;o com betabloqueadores s&#227;o recomendados para evitar mais disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda (VE) ou o desenvolvimento de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca sintom&#225;tica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Contudo, diferentes limiares de FEVE t&#234;m sido propostos por diferentes autores e diretrizes,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> a FEVE por ecocardiografia bidimensional (2D) depende das condi&#231;&#245;es de carga (o estado de fluido varia significativamente em pacientes com c&#226;ncer), tem baixa sensibilidade para detectar pequenas altera&#231;&#245;es da fun&#231;&#227;o do VE, est&#225; sujeito &#224; variabilidade intra e interobservador e se baseia em suposi&#231;&#245;es geom&#233;tricas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Assim, devido &#224; disponibilidade limitada de resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca, a ecocardiografia 3D &#233; a t&#233;cnica de escolha para monitorar a cardiotoxicidade em pacientes oncol&#243;gicos, e a FEVE-3D &#233; o melhor m&#233;todo para a vigil&#226;ncia da cardiotoxicidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Como qualquer grau de disfun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica induzida por terapia de c&#226;ncer &#233; importante, um corpo crescente de literatura explorou o papel da an&#225;lise da deforma&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica em pacientes recebendo terapia de c&#226;ncer para detec&#231;&#227;o precoce de dano mioc&#225;rdico antes que a FEVE comece a diminuir.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A ecocardiografia <italic>Speckle-tracking</italic> (STE) permite a avalia&#231;&#227;o quantitativa da fun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica global e segmentar do VE, medindo o <italic>strain</italic> de maneira amplamente independente do &#226;ngulo e da geometria ventricular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Em compara&#231;&#227;o com o <italic>strain</italic> 2D, o <italic>strain</italic> 3D tem a vantagem de rastrear os padr&#245;es <italic>Speckle</italic> em qualquer dire&#231;&#227;o e fora do plano de imagem, oferecendo par&#226;metros de deforma&#231;&#227;o adicionais (como <italic>area strain</italic>) e uma quantifica&#231;&#227;o mais abrangente da geometria e fun&#231;&#227;o do VE.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Embora seja uma t&#233;cnica jovem, estudos recentes j&#225; demonstraram a confiabilidade e a viabilidade do <italic>strain</italic> da ecocardiografia 3D para avaliar a fun&#231;&#227;o global e regional do VE em cardiopatias isqu&#234;micas e n&#227;o isqu&#234;micas, avaliar a dessincronia mec&#226;nica do VE e detectar disfun&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca subcl&#237;nica em condi&#231;&#245;es em risco de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca evidente, como em pacientes com c&#226;ncer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Diferen&#231;as entre estudos relacionados &#224; tecnologia, software comercial e fornecedores (apesar dos esfor&#231;os da ind&#250;stria para padroniza&#231;&#227;o), regimes e dosagens de medicamentos oncol&#243;gicos, tipo de c&#226;ncer e antecedentes gen&#233;ticos impedem um julgamento justo do valor do <italic>strain</italic> 3D em cardio-oncologia.</p>
    <p>Nesta edi&#231;&#227;o dos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (ABC Cardiol), Guan Y et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> relataram os dados combinados de 9 estudos prospectivos de coorte, incluindo 650 pacientes com c&#226;ncer (71% do sexo feminino) da China, Portugal, Rom&#234;nia e Gr&#233;cia, que avaliaram o valor do 3D-STE para detectar disfun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica relacionada ao tratamento oncol&#243;gico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup>Os autores resumiram o de <italic>strains</italic> 3D globais longitudinais, circunferenciais e radiais (GLS, GCS, GRS, respectivamente) e 3D-<italic>global area strain</italic> (GAS) contra uma defini&#231;&#227;o padr&#227;o-ouro de cardiotoxicidade com base na diminui&#231;&#227;o da FEVE (limiares variando de 5 a 10 %). A evid&#234;ncia sobre GLS &#233;, sem d&#250;vida, mais abundante do que para os outros par&#226;metros, com 8 (em 9) estudos a fornecerem dados consensuais sobre o seu bom desempenho; os valores de sensibilidade e especificidade do GLS que foram apontados nesta metan&#225;lise foram alcan&#231;ados, tornando um potencial candidato para uso cl&#237;nico imediato. No entanto, GAS, uma m&#233;trica de <italic>strain</italic> 3D menos estudada, brilhou nesta metan&#225;lise com uma maior sensibilidade (0,85, 95% CI: 0,70-0,93) e especificidade (0,82, 95% CI: 0,78-0,86) do que GLS (sensibilidade de 0,81 [95% CI: 0,74-0,86] e a especificidade foi de 0,81 [95% CI: 0,68-0,90]. O melhor desempenho do GAS n&#227;o &#233; totalmente surpreendente; GAS reflete a altera&#231;&#227;o relativa da &#225;rea e, por combinar o encurtamento mioc&#225;rdico longitudinal e circunferencial, pode ser considerado um par&#226;metro integrador da deforma&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Sua sensibilidade particularmente alta o torna uma medida atraente para detectar disfun&#231;&#245;es mioc&#225;rdicas sutis. A principal limita&#231;&#227;o ainda &#233; a falta de dados (apenas 4 estudos relataram dados sobre GAS). Dado o seu fraco desempenho individual, parece consistente que GCS e GRS possam estar fora deste jogo.</p>
    <p>Uma metan&#225;lise de estudos em um campo crescente &#233; sempre bem-vinda. Entretanto, n&#243;s, leitores, devemos estar atentos a alguns aspectos. Primeiro, o n&#237;vel de heterogeneidade e fonte de vi&#233;s; nesta metan&#225;lise, os autores refletiram explicitamente sobre as raz&#245;es da heterogeneidade e avaliaram seu impacto nos dados resumidos por uma meta-regress&#227;o; nenhuma diferen&#231;a significativa no desempenho do 3D-STE foi atribu&#237;da ao tipo de c&#226;ncer, defini&#231;&#227;o de cardiotoxicidade, &#225;rea geogr&#225;fica e fornecedores. Em segundo lugar, n&#227;o importa o qu&#227;o promissores sejam os par&#226;metros mais recentes, eles nunca superar&#227;o o padr&#227;o-ouro (&#8220;o FEVE m&#225;ster&#8221;); portanto, esses resultados n&#227;o podem ser interpretados como prova de que GLS/GAS s&#227;o melhores que FEVE. Tal conclus&#227;o s&#243; poderia ser feita por um estudo randomizado controlado comparando lado a lado GLS versus FEVE. No estudo SUCCOR (cardioprote&#231;&#227;o usando tratamento guiado por <italic>strain</italic> de terapia de c&#226;ncer potencialmente cardiot&#243;xica), um total de 331 pacientes tratados com antraciclina foram alocados aleatoriamente para terapia cardioprotetora guiada por uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 12% no GLS (n = 154) ou uma redu&#231;&#227;o de 10% nos grupos FEVE (n=153); no seguimento de 1 ano, o tratamento cardioprotetor guiado por 3D-GLS minimizou significativamente a queda de 3D-LVEF para o intervalo anormal (sem diferen&#231;a na linha de base LVEF e GLS entre os grupos).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Esses resultados suportam o uso de 3D-GLS para iniciar tratamento cardioprotetor. Mais problem&#225;tica seria a decis&#227;o de modificar a terapia do c&#226;ncer e o impacto que essa a&#231;&#227;o pode ter nos resultados dos pacientes. Atualmente, nenhum valor de corte estabelecido para queda da FEVE indica a necessidade de interromper o tratamento oncol&#243;gico. Este &#233;, no entanto, o n&#237;vel de dano mioc&#225;rdico que queremos evitar, detectando disfun&#231;&#227;o VE em est&#225;gios m&#237;nimos anteriores por m&#233;todos de imagem supersens&#237;veis (e espec&#237;ficos).</p>
    <p>Nesse sentido, a implementa&#231;&#227;o de programas de cardio-oncologia &#233; vital para permitir a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco, o tratamento da doen&#231;a cardiovascular estabelecida, o monitoramento precoce e tardio da cardiotoxicidade e a ado&#231;&#227;o de estrat&#233;gias cardioprotetoras para completar o tratamento oncol&#243;gico sem a necessidade de suspend&#234;-lo por comprometimento card&#237;aco. Finalmente, n&#227;o podemos esquecer que a imagem capta apenas um aspecto do dano mioc&#225;rdico relacionado &#224;s drogas oncol&#243;gicas &#8211; a disfun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica. Biomarcadores s&#233;ricos (como troponina e pept&#237;deos natriur&#233;ticos cerebrais) como um primeiro passo, mesmo antes da imagem, podem ser uma op&#231;&#227;o alternativa para rastrear universalmente a disfun&#231;&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica relacionada &#224; terapia do c&#226;ncer. Para os geradores de imagens cardiovasculares, &#233; certo que o 3D-STE e o GAS ser&#227;o os destaques dos estudos futuros!</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Valor Diagn&#243;stico de Par&#226;metros Tridimensionais de Strain de Imagem de Speckle Tracking para Detec&#231;&#227;o de Disfun&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca Relacionada &#224; Quimioterapia do C&#226;ncer: Uma Metan&#225;lise</italic>
        </p>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Empowering the Imagers with 3D-Speckle Tracking Echocardiography to Detect Subclinical Cancer Therapy-Related Myocardial Dysfunction</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0814-6672</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mancio</surname>
            <given-names>Jennifer</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="GB">United Kingdom</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Royal Brompton Hospital, Guy&#8217;s and St Thomas NHS Trust Foundation, London &#8211; United Kingdom</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Jennifer Mancio &#8226; Royal Brompton Hospital &#8211; CMR unit, Diagnostic Centre, Sidney Street, SW3 6NP London, UK E-mail: jennimancio@gmail.com </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Tridensional Echocardiography/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardium/diagnosis imaging</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiotoxicity</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Deformation</kwd>
        <kwd>Left Ventricular Function</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Despite the expansion of the cardio-oncology field, defining cardiotoxicity to guide therapeutic decisions and impact prognosis is still a work in progress. The most widely recognized diagnosis of cardiotoxicity is based on serial changes in the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The ESC Position Paper recommends that if LVEF decreases by 10% to a value below the lower limit of normal (considered as an LVEF &gt;50%), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (or angiotensin receptor blockers) in combination with beta-blockers are recommended to prevent further left ventricular (LV) dysfunction or the development of symptomatic heart failure.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> However, different LVEF thresholds have been proposed by different authors and guidelines,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> and the 2-dimensional (2D)-echocardiography LVEF depends on loading conditions (fluid status varies significantly in cancer patients), has low sensitivity for detecting small LV function changes, is subject to intra- and interobserver variability and relies on geometrical assumptions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Hence, due to the limited availability of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, 3D echocardiography is the preferred technique for monitoring cardiotoxicity in oncological patients, and the 3D-LVEF is the method of choice for cardiotoxicity surveillance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Because any grade of cancer therapy-induced myocardial dysfunction matters, a growing body of literature has explored the role of myocardial deformation analysis in patients receiving cancer therapy for early detection of myocardial damage before LVEF starts declining.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Speckle-tracking echocardiography (STE) allows quantitative assessment of global and segmental LV myocardial function by measuring strain in a manner largely independent of angle and ventricular geometry.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Compared with 2D-strain, 3D-strain has the advantage of tracking the speckle patterns in any direction and out-of-the imaging plane, offering additional deformation parameters (such as area strain) and a more comprehensive quantitation of LV geometry and function.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Albeit a young technique, recent studies have already demonstrated the reliability and feasibility of 3D-echocardiography strain to assess the global and regional LV function in ischemic and non-ischemic heart diseases, to evaluate LV mechanical dyssynchrony and, to detect subclinical cardiac dysfunction in conditions at risk of overt heart failure, such as in cancer patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Differences between studies related to the technology, commercial software, and vendors (despite industry efforts for standardization), oncology drug regimes and dosages, type of cancer, and genetic background unable a fair judgment of the 3D-strain value in cardio-oncology.</p>
      <p>In this issue of the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia (ABC Cardiol)</italic>, Y Guan et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> reported the combined data of 9 prospective cohort studies, including 650 cancer patients (71% female) from China, Portugal, Romania, and Greece that assessed the value of 3D-STE to detect myocardial dysfunction related to oncological treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup>The performance of 3D-global longitudinal, circumferential, and radial strains (GLS, GCS, GRS, respectively) and 3D-global area strain (GAS) against a gold standard definition of cardiotoxicity based on an LVEF decrease (thresholds varying from 5 to 10%) was summarized. Evidence on GLS is, undoubtedly, more abundant than for the other parameters, with 8 (out of 9) studies providing consensual data on its good performance; GLS sensitivity and specificity values that were pointed out in this meta-analysis were achieved, making it a potential candidate for immediate clinical use. However, GAS, a less studied 3D-strain metric, shined in this meta-analysis with a higher sensitivity (0.85, 95% CI: 0.70-0.93) and specificity (0.82, 95% CI: 0.78-0.86) than GLS (sensitivity of 0.81 [95% CI: 0.74-0.86] and specificity was 0.81 [95% CI: 0.68-0.90]. The better performance of GAS is not entirely surprising; GAS reflects the relative area change, and because it combines both the longitudinal and circumferential myocardial shortening, it can be regarded as an integrative parameter of myocardial deformation. Its particularly high sensitivity makes it an attractive measure to detect subtle myocardial dysfunction. The main limitation is still lacking data (only 4 studies reported data on GAS). Given their poor individual performance, it seems consistent that GCS and GRS may be out of this game.</p>
      <p>A meta-analysis of studies in a growing field is always welcome. However, we, the readers, must be attentive to some aspects. First, the level of heterogeneity and source of bias; in this meta-analysis, the authors explicitly reflected on reasons for heterogeneity and assessed its impact on the summarized data by a meta-regression; no significant differences in 3D-STE performance were attributed to the type of cancer, cardiotoxicity definition, geographical area, and vendors. Second, no matter how promising the newer parameters look, they will never outperform the gold standard (&#8220;the LVEF master&#8221;); thus, these results cannot be interpreted as a prove that GLS/GAS are better than LVEF. Such a conclusion could only be made by a randomized controlled trial comparing side-by-side GLS <italic>versus</italic> LVEF. In the SUCCOUR trial (cardioprotection using strain-guided management of potentially cardiotoxic cancer therapy), a total of 331 anthracycline-treated patients were randomly allocated to cardioprotective therapy guided by a 12% reduction in GLS (n=154) or a 10% reduction in LVEF (n=153) groups; at 1-year follow-up, 3D-GLS-guided cardioprotective treatment significantly minimized the fall of 3D-LVEF to the abnormal range (no difference on baseline LVEF and GLS between groups).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> These results support the use of 3D-GLS to start cardioprotective treatment. More problematic would be the decision to modify the cancer therapy and the impact that this action can have on patient outcomes. Currently, no established cut-off value for LVEF drop indicates the need to withdraw cancer treatment. This is, however, the level of myocardial damage that we want to avoid by detecting LV dysfunction at earlier minimal stages by super sensitive (and specific) imaging methods.</p>
      <p>In this regard, the implementation of cardio-oncology programs is vital to enable risk stratification, treatment of established cardiovascular disease, early and late monitoring of cardiotoxicity, and adoption of cardioprotective strategies to complete oncological treatment without the need to withhold it because of cardiac impairment. Finally, we cannot forget that imaging captures only one aspect of the myocardial damage related to oncological drugs &#8211; myocardial dysfunction. Serum biomarkers (such as troponin and brain natriuretic peptides) as a first step even before imaging can be an alternative option to universally screen for myocardial dysfunction related to cancer therapy. For cardiovascular imagers, 3D-STE and GAS will certainly be the spotlight of future studies!</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <label/>
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Empowering the Imagers with 3D-Speckle Tracking Echocardiography to Detect Subclinical Cancer Therapy Related Myocardial Dysfunction</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
