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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">sGyVjwY9Gnd9MYGMLVLJ4CJ</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000800204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00204</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230550</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Desvendando as Controv&#233;rsias da Dissec&#231;&#227;o A&#243;rtica Tipo B &#8211; Interpretando as Evid&#234;ncias</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3385-0215</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Walter J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo N.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Hossne</surname>
            <given-names>Nelson A.</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Disciplina de Cirurgia Cardiovascular</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP) &#8211; Disciplina de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Regional de Sorocaba &#8220;Dr. Adib Domingos Jatene&#8221;</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Sorocaba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Regional de Sorocaba &#8220;Dr. Adib Domingos Jatene&#8221;, Sorocaba, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Walter J. Gomes &#8226;</bold> Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP) &#8211; Disciplina de Cirurgia Cardiovascular &#8211; Rua Botucatu, 740. CEP <postal-code>04023-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>wjgomes1012@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230550</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>07</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as da Aorta/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Aneurisma Dissecante/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Procedimentos Endovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Remodela&#231;&#227;o A&#243;rtica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Diferentemente da dissec&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica tipo A, m&#250;ltiplos aspectos da hist&#243;ria natural da disse&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica tipo B (DATB) permanecem obscuros e indefinidos, resultando em incertezas em seu progn&#243;stico, recomenda&#231;&#245;es e manejo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Entre os fatores cr&#237;ticos que impactam os desfechos da DATB, a trombose do falso l&#250;men parece ser um achado associado que exibe uma correla&#231;&#227;o s&#243;lida com o progn&#243;stico tardio e trazendo implica&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas significativas. Al&#233;m de ser um indicador progn&#243;stico crucial para pacientes com DATB, a presen&#231;a ou aus&#234;ncia de trombose do falso l&#250;men tem sido empregada para guiar as decis&#245;es de tratamento, afetando a escolha de interven&#231;&#245;es terap&#234;uticas, como o reparo a&#243;rtico endovascular tor&#225;cico (TEVAR) e ajustando o seguimento p&#243;s-tratamento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesse sentido, Tang et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> relatam neste fasc&#237;culo um aspecto interessante da correla&#231;&#227;o entre imagens e cl&#237;nica. Analisando uma grande coorte de pacientes consecutivos com DATB, eles investigaram os fatores que afetam a trombose do falso l&#250;men a&#243;rtico em pacientes com DATB, focando em compreender o papel da morfologia a&#243;rtica na trombose do falso l&#250;men. Imagens de angiografia tomogr&#225;fica computadorizada foram utilizadas para as medidas. Um software especializado reconstruiu modelos tridimensionais da disse&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica, e medidas dos di&#226;metros do l&#250;men verdadeiro e falso foram realizadas em diferentes zonas da aorta. A incid&#234;ncia de falso l&#250;men tromb&#243;tico foi maior em pacientes mais idosos com fun&#231;&#227;o renal normal do que em pacientes mais jovens ou com fun&#231;&#227;o renal comprometida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Al&#233;m disso, o di&#226;metro do l&#250;men verdadeiro da aorta descendente mostrou-se relacionado &#224; trombose no falso l&#250;men. Especificamente, quando o di&#226;metro do l&#250;men verdadeiro era maior que o di&#226;metro do falso l&#250;men, as condi&#231;&#245;es favoreciam a trombose no falso l&#250;men, enquanto o cen&#225;rio oposto resultava em um falso l&#250;men com mais perviedade. Compreender esses fatores do processo de trombose pode ajudar na conduta em pacientes com DATB submetidos a tratamento com TEVAR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O estudo concluiu que o di&#226;metro do l&#250;men verdadeiro na aorta descendente e a fun&#231;&#227;o renal s&#227;o fatores importantes que influenciam a ocorr&#234;ncia de trombose do falso l&#250;men em pacientes com DATB. No entanto, o estudo possui algumas limita&#231;&#245;es, como ser um estudo retrospectivo de &#250;nico centro com tamanho de amostra limitado e a necessidade de analisar mais caracter&#237;sticas morfol&#243;gicas em estudos prospectivos mais abrangentes. Os achados tamb&#233;m indiretamente apoiam o uso do TEVAR como op&#231;&#227;o de tratamento para DATB, sugerindo que o TEVAR pode efetivamente induzir a trombose do falso l&#250;men e melhorar os resultados do paciente. A trombose do falso l&#250;men tem sido correlacionada com um progn&#243;stico tardio favor&#225;vel com DATB. O mecanismo provavelmente envolve a estabiliza&#231;&#227;o do processo de remodela&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica e a redu&#231;&#227;o do risco de complica&#231;&#245;es, como a ruptura a&#243;rtica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Na verdade, a trombose do falso l&#250;men n&#227;o elimina completamente o risco de complica&#231;&#245;es e eventos tardios, e o aumento do falso l&#250;men ou eventos de reentrada persistem mesmo na presen&#231;a de trombose. Esses eventos podem levar a disse&#231;&#227;o recorrente ou desenvolvimento de aneurismas a&#243;rticos, ressaltando a necessidade de monitoramento em longo prazo em pacientes com DATB.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Entretanto, esse benef&#237;cio tem sido contestado por evid&#234;ncias adicionais, com metan&#225;lises e revis&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas revelando que a trombose parcial, cujos efeitos protetores foram sugeridos primeiramente por Tsai et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> em 2007, n&#227;o est&#225; associado a uma taxa de expans&#227;o mais r&#225;pida do di&#226;metro a&#243;rtico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Permanece um debate continuado sobre a melhor estrat&#233;gia de tratamento para a DATB.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> As op&#231;&#245;es incluem o tratamento cl&#237;nico com controle da press&#227;o arterial e monitoramento regular, o reparo endovascular (TEVAR) ou a cirurgia aberta. Determinar a abordagem mais adequada depende de diversos fatores, como o grau da disse&#231;&#227;o, a presen&#231;a de complica&#231;&#245;es e o estado geral do paciente. O momento da interven&#231;&#227;o tem sido outro ponto significativo de controv&#233;rsia. A interven&#231;&#227;o precoce (TEVAR ou cirurgia aberta) &#233; recomendada para prevenir complica&#231;&#245;es e reduzir o risco de ruptura ou extens&#227;o da dissec&#231;&#227;o, enquanto outros especialistas defendem uma abordagem mais conservadora com tratamento clinico inicialmente, reservando a interven&#231;&#227;o para casos com complica&#231;&#245;es ou sintomas refrat&#225;rios. Diretrizes respeit&#225;veis recomendam a terapia cl&#237;nica isolada para DATB n&#227;o complicada, reservando o TEVAR para casos complicados. Embora o TEVAR tenha mostrado resultados promissores em alguns estudos, preocupa&#231;&#245;es t&#234;m sido levantadas sobre complica&#231;&#245;es potenciais, como endoleaks ou problemas relacionados &#224; endopr&#243;tese (stent) em longo prazo. Por outro lado, a cirurgia aberta pode apresentar maior risco inicial, mas pode fornecer resultados mais duradouros.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Alguns estudos buscaram determinar se a interven&#231;&#227;o endovascular precoce poderia reduzir o risco de complica&#231;&#245;es futuras ou remodela&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica adversa em compara&#231;&#227;o com o tratamento cl&#237;nico otimizado (TCO), especialmente em pacientes com caracter&#237;sticas de alto risco. O estudo ADSORB comparou o TCO vs. TEVAR mais TCO; n&#227;o foram evidenciadas mortalidade precoces em ambos os grupos e, no acompanhamento de 1 ano, apenas um &#243;bito ocorreu, no grupo TEVAR. O TEVAR foi superior ao TCO isolado mostrando diferen&#231;as significativas na trombose parcial ou ausente do falso l&#250;men, dilata&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica e ruptura; no entanto, os principais benef&#237;cios cl&#237;nicos permanecem incertos em longo-prazo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> No estudo INSTEAD-XL, em pacientes com disse&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica tipo B n&#227;o complicada, o TEVAR profil&#225;tico mais TCO foi associado a uma melhora na sobrevida relacionada a eventos a&#243;rticos em 5 anos e na progress&#227;o tardia da doen&#231;a. N&#227;o houve benef&#237;cio significativo na mortalidade por todas as causas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Portanto, o papel do TCO isolado versus interven&#231;&#227;o precoce (TEVAR ou cirurgia) em pacientes com DATB n&#227;o complicada permanece incerto. Pesquisas adicionais s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para identificar subgrupos de pacientes que podem se beneficiar mais da interven&#231;&#227;o precoce ou do manejo conservador; a natureza complexa e din&#226;mica da disse&#231;&#227;o a&#243;rtica requer avalia&#231;&#227;o individualizada do paciente e monitoramento cont&#237;nuo tardio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Como parte da comunidade cardiovascular na linha de frente do tratamento dessa doen&#231;a potencialmente letal, n&#243;s ainda aguardamos evid&#234;ncias mais robustas para apoiar as recomenda&#231;&#245;es que proporcionem aos pacientes a conduta adequada provendo o melhor progn&#243;stico em longo prazo.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Fatores que Afetam a Trombose da Falsa Luz na Dissec&#231;&#227;o A&#243;rtica Tipo B</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Unfolding Type B Aortic Dissection Controversies &#8211; Piecing Together the Evidence</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3385-0215</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Walter J.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo N.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <name>
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            <given-names>Nelson A.</given-names>
            <suffix>Jr.</suffix>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
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          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP) &#8211; Disciplina de Cirurgia Cardiovascular, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Sorocaba</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Hospital Regional de Sorocaba &#8220;Dr. Adib Domingos Jatene&#8221;, Sorocaba, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Walter J. Gomes &#8226;</bold> Escola Paulista de Medicina da Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo (EPM/UNIFESP) &#8211; Disciplina de Cirurgia Cardiovascular &#8211; Rua Botucatu, 740. Postal Code <postal-code>04023-900</postal-code>, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>wjgomes1012@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Aortic Disease/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Aneurysm, Dissecting/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Endovascular Procedures</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Remodeling</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Unlike type A aortic dissection, many aspects of the natural history of type B aortic dissection (TBAD) remain blurred and unsettled, leading to uncertainties in its prognosis, recommendations, and management.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Among the critical factors impacting TBAD outcomes, the thrombosis of the false lumen seems to be an associated finding exhibiting a robust correlation with late prognosis and conveying significant clinical implications. In addition to being a critical prognostic indicator for TBAD patients, the presence or absence of false lumen thrombosis has been employed to guide treatment decisions, affecting the choice of therapeutic interventions, the thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) and adjusting post-treatment follow-up.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this way, Tang et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> report an interesting aspect of the correlation between imaging and clinics in this issue. Analyzing a large cohort of consecutive patients with TBAD, they investigated the factors affecting false lumen thrombosis in patients with TBAD, focusing on understanding the role of aortic morphology in the thrombosis of the false lumen. Computed tomographic angiography images were used for measurements. Specialized software reconstructed three-dimensional models of aortic dissection, and measurements of true and false lumen diameters were performed at different zones of the aorta. The incidence of thrombotic false lumen was higher in older patients with normal renal function than in younger patients or those with compromised kidney function.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Additionally, the diameter of the true lumen of the descending aorta was found to be related to the thrombosis in the false lumen. Specifically, when the true lumen diameter was larger than the false lumen diameter, conditions favored thrombosis in the false lumen, while the opposite scenario resulted in a more patent false lumen. Understanding these factors may help in predicting and managing the thrombosis process in TBAD patients undergoing TEVAR treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The study concluded that the diameter of the true lumen in the descending aorta and renal function are important factors influencing the occurrence of false lumen thrombosis in patients with TBAD. However, the study acknowledged some limitations, such as being a single-center retrospective study with limited sample size and the need for more morphological features in larger prospective studies. The findings also indirectly supported using TEVAR as a treatment option for TBAD, suggesting that TEVAR can effectively induce false lumen thrombosis and improve patient outcomes. The thrombosis of the false lumen has been correlated with a favorable late prognosis with TBAD. The mechanism likely involves stabilizing the aortic remodeling process and reducing the risk of complications, such as aortic rupture.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>False lumen thrombosis does not eliminate the risk of complications and late events, and false lumen enlargement or re-entry tear events persist even in thrombosis. These events can lead to recurrent dissection or the development of aortic aneurysms, highlighting the need for long-term surveillance in TBAD patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Furthermore, this benefit has been challenged by further evidence, with meta-analysis and systematic review revealing that partial thrombosis, whose protective effects were first suggested by Tsai et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> is not associated with a faster aortic growth rate.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>There is an ongoing debate over the best treatment strategy for TBAD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Options include medical management with blood pressure control and close monitoring, endovascular repair (TEVAR), or open surgical repair. Determining the most appropriate approach depends on various factors, such as the dissection extension, the presence of complications, and the patient's general health. The timing of intervention has represented another significant point of dispute. Early intervention (either TEVAR or open surgery) is advocated to prevent complications and reduce the risk of rupture or extension, while others argue for a more conservative approach with medical management first, reserving intervention for cases with complications or refractory symptoms. Authoritative guidelines recommend medical therapy alone for non-complicated TBAD, reserving TEVAR for complicated cases. While TEVAR has shown promising results in some studies, concerns have been raised about potential complications, such as endoleaks or stent graft-related issues in the long run. Open surgical repair, on the other hand, may have a higher initial risk but could provide more durable results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Several trials aimed to determine if early endovascular intervention might reduce the risk of downstream complications or adverse aortic remodeling compared to optimal medical treatment (OMT), particularly in patients with high-risk features. The ADSORB trial compared OMT vs. TEVAR plus OMT; no early deaths were found in either group, and, at 1-year follow-up, just one fatality occurred in the TEVAR group. With significant differences in partial or no false-lumen thrombosis, aortic dilatation, and rupture, TEVAR was superior to OMT alone; however, the main clinical benefits remain uncertain.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> In the INSTEAD-XL trial, prophylactic TEVAR plus OMT was associated with improved 5-year aorta-specific survival and delayed disease progression in patients with uncomplicated type B aortic dissection. No significant benefit was seen in all-cause mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Therefore, the role of OMT alone versus early intervention (TEVAR or surgery) in patients with uncomplicated TBAD remains uncertain. Further research is needed to identify subgroups of patients who may benefit most from early intervention or conservative management; aortic dissection's complex and dynamic nature requires individualized patient assessment and ongoing monitoring.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As part of the cardiovascular community at the forefront of treating this deadly disease, we still await more robust evidence for endorsing recommendations to provide patients with the best possible management and long-term prognosis.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Factors Affecting False Lumen Thrombosis In Type B Aortic Dissection</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
