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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">tjnMJzZJ9jSLYGKfnmNdJCK</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000800203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00203</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230533</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Jornada para o Controle da Hipertens&#227;o Arterial no Brasil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5968-4879</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Miranda</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Carlos Henrique Miranda &#8226;</bold> Laborat&#243;rio de Biologia Vascular &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto&#8211;Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Anexo B. CEP <postal-code>14049&#8211;900</postal-code>, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>chmiranda@fmrp.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>10</day>
        <month>11</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230533</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>31</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>09</day>
          <month>08</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o/epidemiologia</kwd>
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o/preven&#231;&#227;o e controle</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Indicadores de Qualidade em Assist&#234;ncia &#224; Sa&#250;de/&#233;tica</kwd>
        <kwd>Coopera&#231;&#227;o e Ades&#227;o ao Tratamento</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A hipertens&#227;o arterial (HA) &#233; um fator de risco cardiovascular, cerebrovascular e renal altamente prevalente em todo o mundo. Esse risco associado pode ser reduzido por meio da institui&#231;&#227;o de uma terapia bem estabelecida e validada cientificamente. Por essas raz&#245;es, o controle da HA desempenha um papel na preven&#231;&#227;o de doen&#231;as cr&#244;nico-degenerativas na sa&#250;de p&#250;blica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A taxa de HA controlada reflete a qualidade da assist&#234;ncia &#224; sa&#250;de oferecida &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>O Registro Nacional do Controle da Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Avaliado pela Medida de Consult&#243;rio e Residencial no Brasil: Registro LHAR, recentemente publicado nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, mostra um panorama desse cen&#225;rio no Brasil.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Alguns achados deste estudo merecem destaque.</p>
    <p>Primeiro, uma taxa de HA controlada de 46,4% foi observada usando a medida casual da press&#227;o arterial (PA) no consult&#243;rio e a monitoriza&#231;&#227;o residencial da PA em casa (MRPA). Houve um bom progresso no controle desse fator de risco cr&#237;tico no Brasil recentemente. Investiga&#231;&#245;es anteriores mostraram uma taxa de HA controlada entre 10,4% e 35,2%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> O primeiro registro brasileiro realizado em 2018, que considerou valores abaixo de 130 &#215; 80 mmHg como controle adequado da PA, mostrou uma taxa de HA controlada de 24,3% no in&#237;cio do estudo e 24,7% ap&#243;s um ano.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> O registro atual, considerando essa mesma meta de PA na MRPA, conforme recomendado nas &#250;ltimas Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> apresentou taxa de HA controlada de 34,9%.</p>
    <p>Em segundo lugar, a import&#226;ncia de incorporar MPRA no manejo adequado da HA. Modificou completamente a estrat&#233;gia terap&#234;utica em um quarto dos pacientes (25%), identificando uma propor&#231;&#227;o de 15% de hipertens&#227;o do avental branco n&#227;o controlada e 10% de hipertens&#227;o mascarada n&#227;o controlada.</p>
    <p>Terceiro, apesar de estudos cient&#237;ficos mostrarem benef&#237;cios no tratamento da HA em idosos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> parcela da popula&#231;&#227;o cada vez mais numerosa em nosso pa&#237;s, a pior taxa de HA controlada (38,1%) foi observada justamente nessa faixa et&#225;ria que correspondia ao quarto quartil (70-98 anos), &#237;ndice 10% inferior a outros quartis de idade.</p>
    <p>Um aspecto crucial a ser observado na an&#225;lise de registros desse tipo &#233; a amostragem da popula&#231;&#227;o a ser estudada. Apesar de todo o cuidado dos pesquisadores neste registro, a ocorr&#234;ncia de algum vi&#233;s n&#227;o pode ser exclu&#237;da com seguran&#231;a.</p>
    <p>Pacientes hipertensos, principalmente os de classes sociais mais altas, t&#234;m f&#225;cil acesso ao equipamento do esfigmoman&#244;metro autom&#225;tico. Aqueles pacientes com n&#237;veis de press&#227;o arterial mais controlados podem ter maior probabilidade de participar do estudo do que aqueles com n&#237;veis de press&#227;o arterial mais elevados. A documenta&#231;&#227;o do n&#250;mero de pacientes triados que n&#227;o concordaram em participar do estudo ajudaria a dimensionar esse problema.</p>
    <p>Existe uma estreita associa&#231;&#227;o entre o n&#237;vel socioecon&#244;mico dos pacientes estudados e as taxas de controle dos fatores de risco cardiovasculares, incluindo a HA, conforme reconhecido pelos autores deste registro. Uma taxa de HA controlada mais alta foi documentada em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos (28,4%) em compara&#231;&#227;o com pa&#237;ses menos desenvolvidos (7,7%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A amostra do Registro LHAR foi composta por pacientes de 231 centros privados de atendimento especializado em cardiologia. Embora a classe socioecon&#244;mica desses pacientes n&#227;o tenha sido categorizada no registro, o fato &#233; que a assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica privada nos leva a uma classe social com maior poder aquisitivo. Mesmo com avan&#231;os no acesso &#224; medica&#231;&#227;o anti-hipertensiva no sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de nas &#250;ltimas d&#233;cadas no Brasil, por meio do Programa Farm&#225;cia Popular do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> consideramos que a possibilidade de taxa de HA controlada em pacientes usu&#225;rios do Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS) brasileiro seja menor do que a encontrada neste registro.</p>
    <p>Um lado positivo da acessibilidade aos esfigmoman&#244;metros autom&#225;ticos &#233; o uso generalizado da MRPA no tratamento da HA. Por&#233;m, vale ressaltar que para o pleno aproveitamento desse m&#233;todo &#233; necess&#225;rio o uso de equipamentos certificados dentro de um protocolo validado, como o recomendado pela atual Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Outro ponto a ser observado &#233; que os pacientes foram inclu&#237;dos neste registro entre junho e dezembro de 2019, per&#237;odo imediatamente anterior &#224; pandemia de COVID-19. Durante e ap&#243;s essa pandemia, houve uma piora no controle das doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas em todo o mundo, inclusive no Brasil.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Concluindo, apesar dos avan&#231;os observados no controle da HA no Brasil, ainda temos uma longa jornada. Mais da metade dos hipertensos diagnosticados apresentam HA n&#227;o controlada, e ainda n&#227;o podemos esquecer daqueles que ainda n&#227;o tiveram sua HA diagnosticada.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Registro Nacional do Controle da Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Avaliado pela Medida de Consult&#243;rio e Residencial no Brasil: Registro LHAR</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>The Journey Towards Hypertension Control in Brazil</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="editor">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5968-4879</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Miranda</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Henrique</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">Ribeir&#227;o Preto</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto, Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Carlos Henrique Miranda &#8226;</bold> Laborat&#243;rio de Biologia Vascular &#8211; Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeir&#227;o Preto&#8211;Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900 Anexo B. CEP <postal-code>14049&#8211;900</postal-code>, Ribeir&#227;o Preto, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: <email>chmiranda@fmrp.usp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Hypertension/epidemiology</kwd>
        <kwd>Hypertension/prevention and control</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Health Care Quality Indicators/ethics</kwd>
        <kwd>Treatment Adherence and Compliance</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Arterial hypertension (AH) is a highly prevalent cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and renal risk factor worldwide. This associated risk can be reduced through the institution of a well-established and scientifically validated therapy. For these reasons, AH control plays a role in preventing chronic degenerative diseases in public health.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> The controlled AH rate reflects the quality of health care offered to the population.</p>
      <p>The <italic>Arterial Hypertension control rate evaluated by the office and residential measurements: LHAR National Registry</italic>, recently published in the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, shows an overview of this scenario in Brazil.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Some findings of this study deserve to be highlighted.</p>
      <p>First, a controlled AH rate of 46.4% was observed using casual blood pressure (BP) measurement at the office and home BP measurement (HBPM). There has been good progress in controlling this critical risk factor in Brazil recently. Previous investigations showed a controlled AH rate between 10.4% and 35.2%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> The first Brazilian registry conducted in 2018, which considered values below 130 &#215; 80 mmHg as adequate BP control, showed a controlled AH rate of 24.3% at baseline and 24.7% after one year.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The current registry, considering this same BP goal in HBPM, as recommended in the last Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> showed a controlled AH rate of 34.9%.</p>
      <p>Second, the importance of incorporating HBPM in proper AH management. It completely modified the therapeutic strategy in a quarter of the patients (25%), identifying a proportion of 15% of uncontrolled white coat hypertension and 10% of uncontrolled masked hypertension.</p>
      <p>Third, despite scientific studies showing benefits in the treatment of AH in older people,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> a portion of the population that is increasingly numerous in our country, the worst controlled AH rate (38.1%) was observed precisely in this age group that corresponded to the fourth quartile (70-98 years), an index 10% lower than other age quartiles.</p>
      <p>A crucial aspect to be observed while analyzing records of this type is sampling the population to be studied. Despite all the care taken by the researchers in this registry, the occurrence of some bias cannot be safely excluded.</p>
      <p>Hypertensive patients, especially those from higher social classes, can easily access the automatic sphygmomanometer equipment. Those patients with more controlled blood pressure levels could be more likely to participate in the study than those with higher blood pressure levels. Documentation of the number of screened patients who did not agree to participate in the study would help to dimension this problem.</p>
      <p>There is a close association between the socioeconomic level of the studied patients and the rates of cardiovascular risk factors control, including AH, as recognized by the authors of this registry. A higher controlled AH rate has been documented in developed countries (28.4%) compared to less developed countries (7.7%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The LHAR Registry sample consisted of patients from 231 private centers of specialized care in cardiology. Although the socioeconomic class of these patients was not categorized in the registry, the fact that private medical care takes us to a social class with greater purchasing power. Even with advances in access to antihypertensive medication in the public health system in recent decades in Brazil, through the Farm&#225;cia Popular Program of the Ministry of Health,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> we consider the possibility of controlled AH rate in patients using the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) is lower than that found in this registry.</p>
      <p>A positive side of the accessibility to automatic sphygmomanometers is the widespread use of HBPM in AH management. However, it is worth emphasizing that for the full benefit of this method, it is necessary to use certified equipment within a validated protocol, such as the one recommended by the current Brazilian Guideline of Hypertension.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Another point to note is that patients were included in this registry between June and December 2019, a period immediately before the COVID-19 pandemic. During and after this pandemic, there was a worsening in chronic disease control worldwide, including in Brazil.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In conclusion, despite the progress observed in AH control in Brazil, we still have a long journey. More than half of the diagnosed hypertensive patients have uncontrolled AH, and we still cannot forget those who have not yet had their AH diagnosed.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: National Registry of Hypertension Control Evaluated by Office and Home Measurements: The LHAR National Registry</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
