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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">VhQjpG5FDX3d9QxdgzCccsN</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000800304</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00304</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220863</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Registro Nacional do Controle da Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Avaliado pela Medida de Consult&#243;rio e Residencial no Brasil: Registro LHAR</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1582-7268</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Miranda</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Dischinger</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7040-396X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6652-1533</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mota-Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4361-936X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Costa Duarte</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Lucio Paulo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aguilar</surname>
            <given-names>Claudinelli Alvarenga</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2924-7328</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Fabio Serra</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano de Melo Rangel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Epelman</surname>
            <given-names>Abraham</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9475-3166</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Paiva</surname>
            <given-names>Annelise Machado Gomes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9983-4720</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Audes Di&#243;genes Magalh&#227;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
          <on-behalf-of>em nome dos investigadores do projeto LHAR Brasil</on-behalf-of>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Disciplina de Geriatria e Gerontologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial - Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universit&#225;rio CESMAC</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Macei&#243;</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">AL</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil </country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio CESMAC, Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Macei&#243;, AL &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Liga de Combate &#224; Hipertens&#227;o Arterial</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil </country>
        <institution content-type="original">Liga de Combate &#224; Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Beliva</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Beliva, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Cl&#237;nica do Esporte</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Goi&#226;nia</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">GO</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Cl&#237;nica do Esporte, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro de Pesquisa</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Aracaju</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Pesquisa Cl&#237;nica do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Aracaju, SE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9">
        <label>9</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica Dicor</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Saquarema</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Dicor, Saquarema, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10">
        <label>10</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Servier do Brasil</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servier do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff11">
        <label>11</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o e Cardiologia Preventiva</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">PROCAPE</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Pernambuco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Recife</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o e Cardiologia Preventiva do PROCAPE, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Annelise Machado Gomes de Paiva &#8226; Centro de Pesquisas Cl&#237;nicas Dr. Marco Mota - Centro Universit&#225;rio Cesmac/Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Alagoas - Rua C&#244;nego Machado, 825. CEP 57051-160, Macei&#243;, AL &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>Annelise.gomes@cesmac.edu.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="current-aff">
          <p>Roberto Dischinger Miranda &#8211; Palestrante: Daiichi Sankyo, EMS, Novo Nordisk, Servier</p>
          <p>Andr&#233;a Araujo Brand&#227;o &#8211; Palestrante: AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, EMS, Libbs, Servier</p>
          <p>Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso &#8211; Palestrante: EMS, Bra Pharma, Biolab, Servier, Cardios, Omron</p>
          <p>Marco Antonio Mota-Gomes &#8211; Palestrante: AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Brace, Omron</p>
          <p>Eduardo Costa Duarte Barbosa &#8211; Palestrante: Servier, EMS, Cardios, Daiichi Sankyo</p>
          <p>Fabio Serra Silveira &#8211; Palestrante: AstraZeneca, Boehinger, Lilly, Bayer, Servier, Novartis.Cristiano de Melo Rangel Gomes &#8211; Palestrante: Diretor M&#233;dico da Servier do Brasil</p>
          <p>Abraham Epelman &#8211; Palestrante: Diretor M&#233;dico Laborat&#243;rios Servier do Brasil</p>
          <p>Audes Di&#243;genes Magalh&#227;es Feitosa &#8211; Palestrante: Omron, Novo Nordisk, Biolab, EMS, Brace, Daiichi Sankyo, Servier. Cofundador da TeleMRPA e consultor da Micromed e Omron</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>11</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>8</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220863</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>27</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>05</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> Sabe-se que em torno de 30% dos pacientes apresentam valores de press&#227;o arterial (PA) mais elevados quando examinados no consult&#243;rio do que em suas resid&#234;ncias. No mundo, admite-se que apenas 35% dos hipertensos j&#225; tratados tenham alcan&#231;ado meta press&#243;rica.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo</title>
          <p> Fornecer dados epidemiol&#243;gicos sobre o controle da PA nos consult&#243;rios, em uma amostra de cardiologistas brasileiros, avaliado pela medida de consult&#243;rio e monitoriza&#231;&#227;o residencial da press&#227;o arterial (MRPA).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> An&#225;lise transversal. Observou-se pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de hipertens&#227;o arterial, em tratamento anti-hipertensivo, podendo ou n&#227;o estar com a PA controlada. A PA foi verificada no consult&#243;rio por profissional m&#233;dico, e no domic&#237;lio atrav&#233;s da MRPA. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas se deu por meio do teste do qui-quadrado (p &lt; 0,05).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Foram inclu&#237;dos 2.540 pacientes, com idade m&#233;dia 59,7 &#177; 15,2 anos. A maioria dos pacientes eram mulheres (62%; n = 1.575). O estudo mostrou uma preval&#234;ncia de 15% (n = 382) de hipertens&#227;o do avental branco n&#227;o controlada, e 10% (n = 253) de hipertens&#227;o mascarada n&#227;o controlada. A taxa de controle da PA no consult&#243;rio foi 56,3%, e no domic&#237;lio, de 61%; 46,4% dos pacientes tiveram PA controlada no consult&#243;rio e fora dele. Observou-se maior controle no sexo feminino e na faixa et&#225;ria 49-61 anos. Observando o controle domiciliar com o novo ponto de corte das Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial de 2020, a taxa de controle foi de 42,4%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> O controle press&#243;rico nos consult&#243;rios em uma amostra de cardiologistas brasileiros foi de 56,3%; 61% quando a PA foi obtida no domic&#237;lio, e 46,4% quando o controle foi observado tanto no consult&#243;rio como no domic&#237;lio.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Hipertens&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Residencial da Press&#227;o Arterial</kwd>
        <kwd>Controle Press&#243;rico</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="8"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="53"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>A hipertens&#227;o arterial (HA) &#233; uma condi&#231;&#227;o cr&#244;nica definida por valores persistentemente elevados de press&#227;o arterial (PA) que, se n&#227;o devidamente controlados, gera repercuss&#245;es sist&#234;micas causadas por les&#245;es estruturais e/ou funcionais a &#243;rg&#227;os-alvo. A HA &#233; o principal fator de risco modific&#225;vel para os eventos cardiovasculares e cerebrovasculares. &#201; considerada um importante problema de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica por apresentar preval&#234;ncia alta e crescente, baixos &#237;ndices de controle e morbidade/mortalidade elevadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A frequ&#234;ncia autorreferida de diagn&#243;stico m&#233;dico de HA na popula&#231;&#227;o adulta das capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal &#233; de 25,2%, sendo maior entre mulheres (26,2%) do que entre homens (24,1%). Em ambos os sexos, essa frequ&#234;ncia aumentou com a idade e diminuiu com o n&#237;vel de escolaridade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A mensura&#231;&#227;o da PA &#233;, naturalmente, imprescind&#237;vel para o diagn&#243;stico. No entanto, apesar de ser um procedimento simples, podem ocorrer erros durante sua medi&#231;&#227;o, sejam relacionados ao aparelho, &#224; t&#233;cnica, &#224; influ&#234;ncia do ambiente, ao pr&#243;prio paciente ou, ainda, ao observador.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> O diagn&#243;stico de HA &#233; dado, segundo os novos crit&#233;rios da diretriz americana, quando o indiv&#237;duo apresenta valor de PA sist&#243;lica (PAS) &#8805; 130 mmHg e/ou PA diast&#243;lica (PAD) &#8805; 80 mmHg, tanto em medida no consult&#243;rio quanto domiciliar e ambulatorial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> A &#250;ltima Diretriz Brasileira, a Europeia de 2018, como tamb&#233;m a Diretriz da Sociedade Internacional de HA 2020, mant&#234;m os crit&#233;rios anteriores, considerando como hipertenso o indiv&#237;duo que apresenta PAS &#8805; 140 e/ou PAD &#8805; 90 mmHg para medidas em consult&#243;rio. A Diretriz Europeia e Brasileira tr&#225;s, no entanto, mudan&#231;as nas recomenda&#231;&#245;es sobre quando se considerar o in&#237;cio do tratamento medicamentoso de acordo com o risco cardiovascular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Sabe-se que porcentagem significativa &#8211; em torno de 30% &#8211; dos pacientes apresenta valores de PA mais elevados quando examinados no ambiente de consult&#243;rio do que em suas resid&#234;ncias.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> A hipertens&#227;o do avental branco (HAB) ocorre quando h&#225; eleva&#231;&#227;o press&#243;rica persistente no ambiente assistencial e valor normal fora dele, levando &#224; superestima&#231;&#227;o dos n&#237;veis de PA do paciente e consequente erro no diagn&#243;stico da HA. O oposto da HAB ocorre quando o paciente apresenta n&#237;veis press&#243;ricos dentro dos limites de normalidade em medida realizada no consult&#243;rio, por&#233;m PA elevada fora dele, o que caracteriza a hipertens&#227;o mascarada (HM). Para que seja poss&#237;vel diferenciar a HAB da hipertens&#227;o sustentada ou, ainda, para que se identifique a presen&#231;a da HM, &#233; necess&#225;rio que se fa&#231;a a medi&#231;&#227;o da PA do paciente fora do ambiente m&#233;dico. Os m&#233;todos atualmente utilizados s&#227;o a monitoriza&#231;&#227;o ambulatorial da press&#227;o arterial (MAPA) e a monitoriza&#231;&#227;o residencial da press&#227;o arterial (MRPA).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A MRPA &#233; o registro da PA realizado durante a vig&#237;lia pelo paciente ou outra pessoa treinada, atrav&#233;s de aparelho autom&#225;tico, por v&#225;rios dias, fora do ambiente de consult&#243;rio, com n&#250;mero de medidas e hor&#225;rios previamente determinados. A MRPA demonstrou ser o m&#233;todo diagn&#243;stico da HA que melhor atua na elimina&#231;&#227;o dos efeitos anteriormente citados,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> com as vantagens adicionais de apresentar boa reprodutibilidade, boa capacidade progn&#243;stica, avalia&#231;&#227;o do efeito do tratamento em diferentes per&#237;odos do dia, custo relativamente baixo e boa aceita&#231;&#227;o pelo paciente. Uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica concluiu que tanto a baixa sensibilidade da medida de consult&#243;rio para detectar o controle &#243;timo da PA quanto a associa&#231;&#227;o da MRPA com mortalidade cardiovascular apoiam o uso rotineiro desta &#250;ltima na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Estudos demonstraram que a utiliza&#231;&#227;o da MRPA no seguimento do paciente hipertenso est&#225; associada &#224; melhor ades&#227;o ao tratamento medicamentoso, com consequente melhora no controle da PA e redu&#231;&#227;o nos desfechos cardiovasculares quando comparada com a PA medida no consult&#243;rio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
      <p>No mundo, admite-se que menos de 15% da popula&#231;&#227;o total de hipertensos tenham alcan&#231;ado a meta press&#243;rica recomendada, e essa taxa &#233; de apenas 35% entre os hipertensos j&#225; tratados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O fato ganha magnitude quando levamos em considera&#231;&#227;o que as metas press&#243;ricas recomendadas pelas diretrizes mais recentes<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> tornaram-se mais baixas, o que tende a aumentar o percentual de indiv&#237;duos hipertensos n&#227;o controlados e, por consequ&#234;ncia, o risco associado de morbidade e mortalidade de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares. O primeiro registro brasileiro de hipertens&#227;o,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> usando um ponto de corte mais baixo para controle da PA (&lt; 130 &#215; 80 mmHg), encontrou 24,3% da popula&#231;&#227;o geral controlados no in&#237;cio da observa&#231;&#227;o, e 24,7% em 1 ano.</p>
      <p>Assim, este estudo tem como objetivo fornecer dados epidemiol&#243;gicos sobre o controle da HA nos consult&#243;rios em uma amostra de cardiologistas brasileiros, avaliado pela medida de consult&#243;rio e residencial (MRPA).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <p>Trata-se de uma an&#225;lise transversal, realizada em 231 centros particulares de aten&#231;&#227;o especializada em cardiologia, localizados em 23 estados brasileiros e mais o Distrito Federal, englobando todas as cinco regi&#245;es do Brasil, entre junho e dezembro de 2019. A amostra foi obtida por conveni&#234;ncia e constitu&#237;da por pacientes com diagn&#243;stico m&#233;dico de HA, atendidos ambulatorialmente, com idade &#8805; 18 anos, em tratamento anti-hipertensivo, podendo ou n&#227;o estar com a PA controlada. Solicitou-se aos m&#233;dicos investigadores que convidassem para participar da pesquisa sempre o segundo paciente do dia, para evitar um vi&#233;s de sele&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      <p>Preliminarmente, os participantes foram informados sobre os objetivos e procedimentos da pesquisa e, a seguir, convidados a participar voluntariamente do estudo. Procedeu-se a coleta de dados ap&#243;s a assinatura no Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido. O referido estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica em Pesquisa Humana do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s com o CAEE: 08208619.8.0000.5078.</p>
      <p>Foram coletados dados demogr&#225;ficos, cl&#237;nicos e antropom&#233;tricos. As vari&#225;veis data de nascimento, idade, sexo e uso ou n&#227;o de medica&#231;&#227;o anti-hipertensiva foram coletadas atrav&#233;s de question&#225;rio durante o atendimento. O peso e altura foram obtidos usando balan&#231;as antropom&#233;tricas devidamente calibradas e validadas, e o &#237;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea (IMC) de adultos classificado segundo a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A medida da PA de consult&#243;rio foi realizada por profissional m&#233;dico, segundo as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das VII Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial (VII DBHA),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> utilizando-se manguito apropriado em conformidade com as dimens&#245;es do bra&#231;o do indiv&#237;duo. N&#227;o participaram do estudo pacientes com arritmia e circunfer&#234;ncia do bra&#231;o &gt; 42 cm e &lt; 22 cm, devido &#224;s limita&#231;&#245;es do medidor de PA.</p>
      <p>A MRPA foi obtida segundo as orienta&#231;&#245;es da IV Diretriz de Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Residencial da Press&#227;o Arterial e da Diretriz Europeia de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Dessa forma, foram adquiridas duas medidas no primeiro dia, ainda no ambiente do ambulat&#243;rio (essas medidas n&#227;o foram utilizadas para an&#225;lise da m&#233;dia residencial), e medidas domiciliares de 4 dias consecutivos, com tr&#234;s medidas pela manh&#227; e tr&#234;s medidas no hor&#225;rio noturno, totalizando 24 medidas. Os pacientes foram instru&#237;dos a realizar as medidas conforme protocolo e anotar num di&#225;rio de PA para aumentar a ades&#227;o &#224; metologia da MRPA. As medidas, tamb&#233;m, foram registradas e armazenadas na mem&#243;ria do equipamento e posteriormente inseridas na plataforma TeleMRPA<sup>&#174;</sup>, uma ferramenta de laudo a dist&#226;ncia por telemedicina. Tanto a medida da PA de consult&#243;rio como a MRPA foram obtidas atrav&#233;s do equipamento eletr&#244;nico HEM 7320 (Omron Healthcare Co. Ltd., Kyoto Japan).</p>
      <p>Considerou-se HA n&#227;o controlada, com base na medida do consult&#243;rio, daqueles participantes que tinham PAS &#8805; 140 mmHg e/ou PAD &#8805; 90 mmHg, e com base na MRPA &#8805; 135 mmHg para PAS e/ou &#8805; 85 mmHg para PAD. Adicionalmente, analisamos a taxa de controle domiciliar com base nos novos valores de corte para MRPA, recomendados pela DBHA 2020<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> . Utilizou-se os termos HM n&#227;o controlada (HMNC) para aqueles participantes da pesquisa que tiveram PA controlada no consult&#243;rio, mas PA domiciliar ou ambulatorial elevada; HAB n&#227;o controlada (HABN) para aqueles que tiveram a PA elevada no consult&#243;rio, mas PA controlada residencial ou ambulatorial, e hipertens&#227;o sustentada (HS) para aqueles que tiveram a PA n&#227;o controlada no consult&#243;rio e ambulatorial. Embora os termos HAB e HM fossem, originalmente, definidos para pessoas que n&#227;o estavam sendo tratadas para HA, nos &#250;ltimos tempos, tamb&#233;m, s&#227;o usadas para descrever discrep&#226;ncias entre a PA no consult&#243;rio e fora do consult&#243;rio em pacientes tratados para HA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O banco de dados foi estruturado em Excel&#174; (Microsoft) com os dados da MRPA importados da plataforma de registro, assim como os demais dados coletados pelos investigadores. As vari&#225;veis cont&#237;nuas est&#227;o apresentadas como m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o, enquanto as categ&#243;ricas como frequ&#234;ncias relativas e absolutas. A associa&#231;&#227;o entre vari&#225;veis categ&#243;ricas se deu por meio do teste do qui-quadrado. Adotou-se um valor de signific&#226;ncia de p &lt; 0,05. Foi utilizado o programa estat&#237;stico SPSS v. 21.0 (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, EUA).</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <p>A amostra estudada foi de 2.540 pacientes, sendo 1,9% (n = 49) dos participantes da pesquisa da regi&#227;o Norte, 18% (n = 458) da regi&#227;o Nordeste, 58,2% (n = 1479) da regi&#227;o Sudeste, 13,5% (n = 342) da regi&#227;o Sul, e 8,3% (n = 211) da regi&#227;o Centro-Oeste. Desses, 1.575 (62%) eram do sexo feminino, e 965 (38%), do sexo masculino. A idade m&#233;dia foi de 59,7 &#177; 15,2 anos, e o IMC m&#233;dio, de 28,6 &#177; 5,1 kg/m<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas descritivas da amostra (n = 2.540)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Vari&#225;vel</th>
                <th>n</th>
                <th>%</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="3">
                  <bold>IMC</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Desnutri&#231;&#227;o</td>
                <td align="center">23</td>
                <td align="center">0,9</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Eutrofia</td>
                <td align="center">590</td>
                <td align="center">23,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Sobrepeso</td>
                <td align="center">1.070</td>
                <td align="center">42,1</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Obesidade</td>
                <td align="center">857</td>
                <td align="center">33,7</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td colspan="3">
                  <bold>Sexo</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Feminino</td>
                <td align="center">1.575</td>
                <td align="center">62,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Masculino</td>
                <td align="center">965</td>
                <td align="center">38,0</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>M&#233;dia</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>DP</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade (anos)</td>
                <td align="center">59,7</td>
                <td align="center">15,2</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>IMC (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                <td align="center">28,6</td>
                <td align="center">5,1</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <attrib>Fonte: dados da pesquisa. IMC: &#237;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea; DP: desvio-padr&#227;o.</attrib>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Os valores m&#233;dios da PA de consult&#243;rio foram de 133,3 &#177; 20,4 mmHg e 82,3 &#177; 13,2 mmHg, e pela MRPA as m&#233;dias foram de 125,9 &#177; 16,1 mmHg, e 78,6 &#177; 9,3 mmHg para PAS e PAD, respectivamente. Os participantes da pesquisa tiveram 14 ou mais medidas v&#225;lidas na MRPA, tendo a maioria (94%) dos participantes um total de 24 medidas v&#225;lidas. O estudo mostrou uma preval&#234;ncia de 15% (n = 382) de HABNC e 10% (n = 253) de HMNC ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabela 2</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Preval&#234;ncia dos diferentes fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o (n = 2.540)</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Fen&#243;tipos</th>
                <th>n</th>
                <th>%</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>HABNC</td>
                <td align="center">382</td>
                <td align="center">15</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HC</td>
                <td align="center">1.168</td>
                <td align="center">46</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HMNC</td>
                <td align="center">253</td>
                <td align="center">10</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HS</td>
                <td align="center">737</td>
                <td align="center">29</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <attrib>Fonte: dados da pesquisa. HABNC: hipertenso do avental branco n&#227;o controlado; HC: hipertenso controlado; HMNC: hipertenso mascarado n&#227;o controlado; HS: hipertenso sustentado.</attrib>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>A preval&#234;ncia de HABNC no sexo feminino foi de 16% (n = 252) e HMNC de 8,4% (n = 132), enquanto no sexo masculino essa preval&#234;ncia foi de 13,5% (n = 130) para HABNC e 12,5% (n = 121) para HMNC. A preval&#234;ncia de HMNC no sexo masculino foi significativamente maior que no sexo feminino, enquanto o sexo feminino apresentou o maior n&#250;mero de pacientes controlados. Em rela&#231;&#227;o ao IMC n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a estat&#237;stica entre os fen&#243;tipos de hipertens&#227;o, e em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; faixa et&#225;ria, os mais idosos (quartil 4 = 70-98 anos) apresentaram a maior preval&#234;ncia de HMNC e o menor controle press&#243;rico ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">Tabela 3</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Fen&#243;tipos <italic>versus</italic> vari&#225;veis</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" rowspan="5" scope="col">Fen&#243;tipo</th>
                <th colspan="8" scope="col">Sexo</th>
                <th rowspan="5" scope="col">p-valor*</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="8" scope="col">
                  <hr/>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="4" scope="col">Feminino (n = 1.575)</th>
                <th colspan="4" scope="col">Masculino (n = 965)</th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="8" rowspan="1" scope="col">
                  <hr/>
                </th>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <th colspan="2" scope="col">n</th>
                <th colspan="2" scope="col">%</th>
                <th colspan="2" scope="col">n</th>
                <th colspan="2" scope="col">%</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">Fen&#243;tipo</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2"> </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2"> </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2"> </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2"> </td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,01</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HABNC</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">252</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">16,0</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">130</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">13,5</td>
                <td align="center"> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HC</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">754</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">47,9</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">414</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">42,9<sup>&#8224;</sup></td>
                <td align="center"> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HMNC</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">132</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">8,4</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">121</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">12,5<sup>&#8224;</sup></td>
                <td align="center"> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left">HS</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">437</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">27,7</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">300</td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">31,1</td>
                <td align="center"> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="left" rowspan="3">
                  <bold>Fen&#243;tipo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="8">
                  <bold>&#205;ndice de massa corp&#243;rea</bold>
                </td>
                <td rowspan="3">
                  <bold>p-valor</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Desnutri&#231;&#227;o (n 23)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Eutrofia (n 590)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Sobrepeso (n 1.070)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Obesidade (n 857)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>%</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>%</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>%</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>%</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Fen&#243;tipo</bold>
                </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">0,24</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HABNC</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">30,4</td>
                <td align="center">84</td>
                <td align="center">14,2</td>
                <td align="center">168</td>
                <td align="center">15,7</td>
                <td align="center">123</td>
                <td align="center">14,4</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HC</td>
                <td align="center">8</td>
                <td align="center">34,8</td>
                <td align="center">269</td>
                <td align="center">45,6</td>
                <td align="center">511</td>
                <td align="center">47,8</td>
                <td align="center">380</td>
                <td align="center">44,3</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HMNC</td>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">4,3</td>
                <td align="center">56</td>
                <td align="center">9,5</td>
                <td align="center">108</td>
                <td align="center">10,1</td>
                <td align="center">88</td>
                <td align="center">10,3</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HS</td>
                <td align="center">7</td>
                <td align="center">30,4</td>
                <td align="center">181</td>
                <td align="center">30,7</td>
                <td align="center">283</td>
                <td align="center">26,4</td>
                <td align="center">266</td>
                <td align="center">31,0</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">
                  <bold>Fen&#243;tipo</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="8">
                  <bold>Idade</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" rowspan="3">
                  <bold>p-valor</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Q1 (n 650) (18-49 anos)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Q2 (n 673) (49-61 anos)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Q3 (n 587) (61-70 anos)</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center" colspan="2">
                  <bold>Q4 (n 630) (70-98 anos)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>%</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>%</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>%</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>n</bold>
                </td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>%</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>
                  <bold>Fen&#243;tipo</bold>
                </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td> </td>
                <td align="center">&lt; 0,01</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HABNC</td>
                <td align="center">97</td>
                <td align="center">14,9</td>
                <td align="center">115</td>
                <td align="center">17,1</td>
                <td align="center">88</td>
                <td align="center">15,0</td>
                <td align="center">82</td>
                <td align="center">13,0</td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HC</td>
                <td align="center">319</td>
                <td align="center">49,1</td>
                <td align="center">325</td>
                <td align="center">48,3</td>
                <td align="center">284</td>
                <td align="center">48,4</td>
                <td align="center">240</td>
                <td align="center">38,1<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HMNC</td>
                <td align="center">62</td>
                <td align="center">9,5</td>
                <td align="center">59</td>
                <td align="center">8,8</td>
                <td align="center">46</td>
                <td align="center">7,8</td>
                <td align="center">86</td>
                <td align="center">13,7<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>HS</td>
                <td align="center">172</td>
                <td align="center">26,5</td>
                <td align="center">174</td>
                <td align="center">25,9</td>
                <td align="center">169</td>
                <td align="center">28,8</td>
                <td align="center">222</td>
                <td align="center">35,2<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                <td> </td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1">
              <p>*p-valor para o teste do qui-quadrado. <sup>&#8224;</sup>Essa preval&#234;ncia difere significativamente da preval&#234;ncia dos indiv&#237;duos do sexo feminino. <sup>&#8225;</sup>Essa preval&#234;ncia difere significativamente da preval&#234;ncia das demais colunas. HABNC: hipertenso do avental branco n&#227;o controlado; HC: hipertenso controlado; HMNC: hipertenso mascarado n&#227;o controlado; HS: hipertenso sustentado.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>A taxa de controle da PA dos participantes da pesquisa no consult&#243;rio foi 56,3% (n = 1.431). J&#225; no domic&#237;lio, observamos um controle de 61% (n = 1.550), enquanto 46,4% (n = 1.178) dos participantes da pesquisa tiveram PA controlada no consult&#243;rio e fora dele ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura central</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01">
          <label>Figura Central</label>
          <caption>
            <title>: Registro Nacional do Controle da Hipertens&#227;o Arterial Avaliado pela Medida de Consult&#243;rio e Residencial no Brasil: Registro LHAR</title>
          </caption>
          <attrib>Preval&#234;ncia de controle geral.</attrib>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-08-e20220863-20863-gf01.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Observando o controle domiciliar estratificado pelo sexo ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 1</xref> ) e idade ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 2</xref> ), encontrou-se maior controle no sexo feminino e no quartil 2 (faixa et&#225;ria 49-61 anos), respectivamente.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02">
          <label>Figura 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Preval&#234;ncia de controle press&#243;rico no domic&#237;lio estratificado por sexo (p &lt; 0,05).</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-08-e20220863-20863-gf02.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f03">
          <label>Figura 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Preval&#234;ncia de controle press&#243;rico no domic&#237;lio estratificado por idade (p &lt; 0,05).*</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-08-e20220863-20863-gf03.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>A Diretriz Brasileira de Hipertens&#227;o 2020<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> prop&#244;s como valores de normalidade para MRPA 130 mmHg para PAS e 80 mmHg para PAD. Observando esse novo ponte de corte, a preval&#234;ncia de paciente HABNC foi de 7,6% (n = 194), HC 34,9% (n = 886), HMNC 21,8% (n = 553) e HS 35,7% (n = 907).</p>
      <p>A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">Figura 3</xref> exp&#245;e a preval&#234;ncia de controle press&#243;rico no consult&#243;rio e no domic&#237;lio, observando o pontos de corte atual e o proposto anteriormente.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f04">
          <label>Figura 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Preval&#234;ncia de controle com os novos pontos de corte para monitoriza&#231;&#227;o residencial da press&#227;o arterial.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-08-e20220863-20863-gf04.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>O diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da HA t&#234;m sido baseado principalmente na medi&#231;&#227;o da PA no consult&#243;rio. No entanto, a PA pode diferir consideravelmente quando medida no consult&#243;rio e quando medida fora do ambiente do consult&#243;rio,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> sendo que uma PA mais alta fora do consult&#243;rio est&#225; associada a risco cardiovascular aumentado, independente da PA do consult&#243;rio.</p>
      <p>O presente estudo evidenciou que os indiv&#237;duos apresentaram PA mais elevada no consult&#243;rio que as obtidas em domic&#237;lio. Sabe-se que as medidas da MRPA geralmente s&#227;o mais baixas do que as realizadas no consult&#243;rio e mais pr&#243;ximas da press&#227;o m&#233;dia registrada durante a MAPA de 24 horas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A totalidade da amostra estudada obteve o n&#250;mero de medidas v&#225;lidas na realiza&#231;&#227;o da MRPA. Uma MRPA com boa qualidade depende fundamentalmente das orienta&#231;&#245;es fornecidas ao paciente e da utiliza&#231;&#227;o de um di&#225;rio de medidas, que eliminam, em quase 100%, a necessidade de repeti&#231;&#227;o de exames por n&#250;mero insuficiente de medidas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A MRPA fornece informa&#231;&#245;es importantes sobre os n&#237;veis da PA fora do ambiente do consult&#243;rio, em diferentes momentos do dia. Uma das grandes vantagens da MRPA &#233; a identifica&#231;&#227;o e acompanhamento dos fen&#243;tipos da hipertens&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A preval&#234;ncia de HABNC e HMNC &#233; bastante vari&#225;vel devido &#224; diferen&#231;a nas condi&#231;&#245;es de tratamento, tipo de medida da press&#227;o arterial fora do consult&#243;rio e diferen&#231;a nos crit&#233;rios de corte das press&#245;es obtidas em casa e no consult&#243;rio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Estudo que utilizou a PA de consult&#243;rio e a m&#233;dia da PA em casa pela manh&#227; e pela noite e adotou os mesmos pontos de corte do presente estudo identificou preval&#234;ncias mais altas (HMNC 19,0%, HABNC 19,4%, HC 23,0% e HSNC 38,7%). No referido estudo, a maioria dos pacientes com HMNC eram do sexo masculino, mais velhos, fumantes e etilistas, e frequentemente apresentavam um alto IMC, hist&#243;rico de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares e mais complica&#231;&#245;es do que pacientes com HABNC ou hipertens&#227;o controlada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Pesquisas mundiais de controle da press&#227;o arterial para metas recomendadas por diretrizes nacionais e internacionais revelaram consistentemente que, na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, a meta convencional de press&#227;o arterial &lt; 140/90 mmHg &#233; alcan&#231;ada apenas por uma minoria de pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> Uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica mostrou que o controle press&#243;rico varia em torno de 28,4% nos pa&#237;ses mais desenvolvidos e apenas 7,7% naqueles com menor grau de desenvolvimento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> No Brasil, a taxa de controle variou de 10,4 a 35,2% em estudo de base populacional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref></sup> No atual estudo, a taxa de controle observada foi mais alta que referida pelas outras investiga&#231;&#245;es, chegando a 46,4% de controle (consult&#243;rio e domic&#237;lio).</p>
      <p>O Centro de Controle e Preven&#231;&#227;o de Doen&#231;as observou que aproximadamente 53,5% dos americanos n&#227;o alcan&#231;am a meta de PA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref></sup> Embora o monitoramento da press&#227;o arterial no consult&#243;rio seja o padr&#227;o usual de atendimento ou padr&#227;o-ouro para diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da hipertens&#227;o, o monitoramento da press&#227;o arterial em casa melhora o controle da PA<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup> e a ades&#227;o &#224; medica&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> Tamb&#233;m j&#225; foram demonstradas diversas vezes que a PA domiciliar tem poder preditivo mais forte para mortalidade e morbidade do que a PA medida no consult&#243;rio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> Nos participantes desta pesquisa, o maior controle press&#243;rico foi o domiciliar, sendo observado principalmente no sexo feminino e na faixa et&#225;ria de 49-60 anos.</p>
      <p>Resultados de um estudo sugerem que quase um ter&#231;o dos pacientes considerados com controle adequado da PA pelos crit&#233;rios cl&#237;nicos convencionais n&#227;o tem a PA controlada quando avaliada fora do consult&#243;rio. &#201; importante ressaltar que mais de um em cada tr&#234;s pacientes com PA casual lim&#237;trofe tem HMNC e, portanto, tem uma PA que n&#227;o &#233; adequadamente controlada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Estudo brasileiro observou que as taxas de controle da PA foram de 57,0% pela medida casual e 61,3% pela MRPA (p &lt; 0,001), com preval&#234;ncia de HABNC e HMNC de 15,4 e 11,1%, respectivamente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref></sup> Estudos publicados na &#250;ltima d&#233;cada demonstram que valores de normalidade para MRPA s&#227;o mais pr&#243;ximos de 130/80 mmHg do que 135/85 mmHg, dando suporte &#224; mudan&#231;a nos valores de refer&#234;ncia de MRPA para 130/80 mmHg.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Em 2020, an&#225;lise envolvendo 9.868 indiv&#237;duos brasileiros n&#227;o tratados mostrou que valores de PA no consult&#243;rio, de 140/90 mmHg, corresponderam a valores de 130/82 mmHg na MRPA, enquanto ao analisar 10.069 brasileiros tratados, observou-se que valores de MRPA de 131/82 mmHg s&#227;o equivalentes a valores da PA no consult&#243;rio de 140/90 mmHg, e que valores de refer&#234;ncia de MRPA mais baixos do que 135/85 mmHg s&#227;o mais adequados para definir a presen&#231;a de comportamento anormal da PA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Assim, a Diretriz Brasileira de HA 2020<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> recomendou que os valores de anormalidade de MRPA passassem a ser &#8805; 130/80 mmHg, em substitui&#231;&#227;o aos valores &#8805;135/85 mmHg recomendados previamente pela 7<sup>a</sup> Diretriz Brasileira de HA<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> e pela 6<sup>a</sup> Diretriz de Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Ambulatorial da Press&#227;o Arterial e 4&#170; Diretriz de Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Residencial da Press&#227;o Arterial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Dados de controle press&#243;rico, com o novo ponto de corte proposto pela DBHA 2020,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> ainda n&#227;o foram relatados na literatura. No referido estudo, percebe-se uma diminui&#231;&#227;o no controle domiciliar e no n&#250;mero de HABNC, como tamb&#233;m um aumento no n&#250;mero de HMNC.</p>
      <p>V&#225;rios estudos demonstraram que a adi&#231;&#227;o da PA domiciliar ao gerenciamento rotineiro do paciente melhora a ades&#227;o ao tratamento, principalmente quando o monitoramento domiciliar da PA &#233; associado &#224; teletransmiss&#227;o dos valores da PA mensurados pelos pacientes em casa.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">42</xref></sup> Essa &#233; uma vantagem de suma import&#226;ncia, porque na vida real a baixa ades&#227;o ao tratamento &#233; um fen&#244;meno de propor&#231;&#245;es devastadoras,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref></sup> que pode ser considerado o principal respons&#225;vel pelas baixas taxas de controle da PA que caracteriza a popula&#231;&#227;o hipertensa<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">44</xref></sup> e torna a hipertens&#227;o ainda a primeira causa de morte no mundo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45">45</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A obten&#231;&#227;o de controle press&#243;rico &#233; crucial para evitar desfechos, como doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, insufici&#234;ncia renal e derrame. Assim, diretrizes recomendam otimizar as dosagens de medicamentos ou adicionar medicamentos anti-hipertensivos at&#233; que a press&#227;o arterial alvo seja alcan&#231;ada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">47</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref></sup> A inclus&#227;o da PA domiciliar no tratamento de pacientes hipertensos tratados favorece o efeito terap&#234;utico de v&#225;rias maneiras, ou seja, atrav&#233;s de uma melhoria da ades&#227;o ao tratamento, evitando o supertratamento e reduzindo a in&#233;rcia cl&#237;nica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">49</xref></sup></p>
      <p>A in&#233;rcia terap&#234;utica do m&#233;dico &#233; tamb&#233;m uma barreira para que os pacientes atinjam o controle press&#243;rico desejado. V&#225;rios motivos podem ser subjacentes aos m&#233;dicos para que n&#227;o iniciem ou intensifiquem medica&#231;&#227;o anti-hipertensiva, incluindo a incerteza em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; PA do paciente fora do consult&#243;rio.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">50</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">53</xref></sup> A MRPA incentiva o atendimento centrado no paciente e melhora o controle da press&#227;o arterial e os resultados do paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es</title>
        <p>Este estudo teve algumas limita&#231;&#245;es. A sele&#231;&#227;o dos participantes n&#227;o foi estratificada no sentido de representar a popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira de acordo com a popula&#231;&#227;o de cada regi&#227;o, podendo assim ter superestimado a regi&#227;o Sudeste. Al&#233;m disso, a proced&#234;ncia dos pacientes foi apenas de cl&#237;nicas privadas, podendo n&#227;o refletir a realidade dos brasileiros que utilizam o Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de.</p>
        <p>Outra limita&#231;&#227;o foi o fato de n&#227;o observar se existia uma correla&#231;&#227;o entre o controle e o n&#250;mero de medicamentos utilizados, assim como se outros fatores de risco influenciaram ou n&#227;o o controle press&#243;rico.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
      <p>No presente estudo, o controle press&#243;rico nos consult&#243;rios em uma amostra de cardiologistas brasileiros foi de 56,3%, levando em considera&#231;&#227;o a press&#227;o verificada no interior dos consult&#243;rios; 61%, quando a PA foi obtida no domic&#237;lio; e 46,4% quando o controle foi observado tanto no consult&#243;rio como no domic&#237;lio. A taxa de controle press&#243;rico no domic&#237;lio &#233; modificada para 42,4% utilizando-se os novos pontos de corte propostos pela DBHA 2020.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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          <article-title>Total Antihypertensive Therapeutic Intensity Score and Its Relationship to Blood Pressure Reduction</article-title>
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    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; de &#201;tica do Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo 2.985.410. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo foi financiado por Ind&#250;stria Farmac&#234;utica SERVIER.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>National Registry of Hypertension Control Evaluated by Office and Home Measurements: The LHAR National Registry</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1582-7268</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Miranda</surname>
            <given-names>Roberto Dischinger</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7040-396X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Brand&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;a Araujo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1265-1930</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barroso</surname>
            <given-names>Weimar Kunz Sebba</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6652-1533</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mota-Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Marco Antonio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4361-936X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Eduardo Costa Duarte</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5001">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ribeiro</surname>
            <given-names>Lucio Paulo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6001">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Aguilar</surname>
            <given-names>Claudinelli Alvarenga</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7001">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2924-7328</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Fabio Serra</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8001">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Gomes</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiano de Melo Rangel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9001">
            <sup>9</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Epelman</surname>
            <given-names>Abraham</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10001">
            <sup>10</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-9475-3166</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Paiva</surname>
            <given-names>Annelise Machado Gomes de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9983-4720</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Feitosa</surname>
            <given-names>Audes Di&#243;genes Magalh&#227;es</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11001">
            <sup>11</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">
            <sup>12</sup>
          </xref>
          <on-behalf-of>em nome dos investigadores do projeto LHAR Brasil</on-behalf-of>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia, Disciplina de Geriatria e Gerontologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Liga de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial - Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas - Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio CESMAC, Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Macei&#243;, AL &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Liga de Combate &#224; Hipertens&#227;o Arterial, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6001">
        <label>6</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Beliva, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7001">
        <label>7</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Cl&#237;nica do Esporte, Goi&#226;nia, GO &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8001">
        <label>8</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Pesquisa Cl&#237;nica do Cora&#231;&#227;o, Aracaju, SE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff9001">
        <label>9</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica Dicor, Saquarema, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff10001">
        <label>10</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servier do Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff11001">
        <label>11</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Unidade de Hipertens&#227;o e Cardiologia Preventiva do PROCAPE, Universidade de Pernambuco, Recife, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Annelise Machado Gomes de Paiva &#8226; Centro de Pesquisas Cl&#237;nicas Dr. Marco Mota &#8211; Centro Universit&#225;rio Cesmac/Hospital do Cora&#231;&#227;o de Alagoas &#8211; Rua C&#244;nego Machado, 825. Postal Code 57051-160, Macei&#243;, AL &#8211; Brazil E-mail: Annelise.gomes@cesmac.edu.br</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="current-aff">
          <p>Roberto Dischinger Miranda &#8211; Speaker: Daiichi Sankyo, EMS, Novo Nordisk, Servier</p>
          <p>Andr&#233;a Araujo Brand&#227;o &#8211; Speaker: AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, EMS, Libbs, Servier</p>
          <p>Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso &#8211; Speaker: EMS, Bra Pharma, Biolab, Servier, Cardios, Omron</p>
          <p>Marco Antonio Mota-Gomes &#8211; Speaker: AstraZeneca, Daiichi Sankyo, Brace, Omron</p>
          <p>Eduardo Costa Duarte Barbosa &#8211; Speaker: Servier, EMS, Cardios, Daiichi Sankyo</p>
          <p>Fabio Serra Silveira &#8211; Speaker: AstraZeneca, Boehinger, Lilly, Bayer, Servier, Novartis.Cristiano de Melo Rangel Gomes &#8211; Speaker: Diretor M&#233;dico da Servier do Brasil</p>
          <p>Abraham Epelman &#8211; Speaker: Medical Director Laborat&#243;rios Servier do Brasil</p>
          <p>Audes Di&#243;genes Magalh&#227;es Feitosa &#8211; Speaker: Omron, Novo Nordisk, Biolab, EMS, Brace, Daiichi Sankyo, Servier. Cofundador da TeleMRPA and consultor da Micromed e Omron.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>It is known that around 30% of patients have higher blood pressure (BP) values when examined at the office than at home. Worldwide, only 35% of patients with hypertension undergoing treatment have reached their BP targets.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p>To provide epidemiological data on BP control in the offices of a sample of Brazilian cardiologists, considering office and home BP measurement.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>This is a cross-sectional analysis of patients with a hypertension diagnosis and undergoing antihypertensive treatment, with controlled BP or not. BP was assayed in the office by a medical professional and at home using home BP monitoring (HBPM). The association between categorical variables was verified using the chi-square test (p&lt;0.05).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>The study included 2540 patients, with a mean age of 59.7 &#177; 15.2 years. Most patients were women (62%; n=1575). Prevalence rates of 15% (n=382) for uncontrolled white coat hypertension and 10% (n=253) for uncontrolled masked hypertension were observed. The rate of BP control in the office was 56.3% and at home, 61%. Meanwhile, 46.4% of the patients had controlled BP in and outside of the office. Greater control was observed in women and in the 49-61 years age group. Considering the new DBHA 2020 threshold for home BP control, the control rate was 42.4%.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p>BP control in the offices of a sample of Brazilian cardiologists was 56.3%; this rate was 61% when BP was measured at home and 46.4% when considering both the office and home.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Hypertension</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Pressure</kwd>
        <kwd>Home Blood Pressure Monitoring</kwd>
        <kwd>Blood Pressure Control</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>Hypertension is a chronic condition defined by persistently high arterial blood pressure (BP) values which, if not adequately controlled, generate systemic repercussions caused by structural and/or functional injury to target organs. Hypertension is the main modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. It is considered an important public health problem because of its high and increasing prevalence, low control rates, and high morbidity and mortality.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> The self-reported frequency of a medical diagnosis of hypertension in the adult population of Brazilian capitals and the Federal District is 25.2%, being higher among women (26.2%) than men (24.1%). In both sexes, this frequency increases with age and decreases with schooling levels.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>BP measurement is naturally vital to diagnosis. However, despite being a simple procedure, errors can happen during BP measurement and be related to the equipment, the technique, the environment, the patient, or the observer.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> A hypertension diagnosis is given, according to new criteria by the American guidelines, when an individual presents a systolic BP (SBP) &#8805; 130 mmHg and/or a diastolic BP (DBP) &#8805; 80 mmHg in home, office, and ambulatory measurements.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The most recently published Brazilian guideline, the 2018 European guideline, and the 2020 International Society of Hypertension guideline support the previous criteria, considering an individual to have hypertension if he or she presents SBP &#8805; 140 mmHg and/or DBP &#8805; 90 mmHg in office measurements. The European and Brazilian guideline, however, brings changes to recommendations of when to consider beginning pharmaceutical treatment according to cardiovascular risk.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        <p>It is known that a significant percentage &#8211; around 30% &#8211; of patients presents higher BP values when examined in the office environment when compared to their homes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> White coat hypertension (WCH) occurs when persistent BP increases happen in the health care environment and normal values are perceived outside of this environment, leading to an overestimation of the patient&#8217;s BP levels and consequent mistakes in BP diagnosis. The opposite of WCH occurs when the patient presents BP levels within the normal range on office measurements, but increased BP outside of the office, which characterizes masked hypertension (MH). In order to differentiate WCH from sustained hypertension (SH) or even to identify the presence of MH, the patient&#8217;s BP must be measured outside of the health care environment. Currently used methods include ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup></p>
        <p>HBPM is the BP measurement performed when the patient is awake, by him or herself or someone with training, with automatic equipment for several days outside the office environment, with predetermined numbers and moments of measurements. HBPM was demonstrated to be the method for diagnosing hypertension that best eliminates the aforementioned effects,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup> with the additional advantages of presenting good reproducibility, good prognostic capacity, allowing assessment of treatment effects on different periods of the day, relatively low cost, and good acceptance by the patient. A systematic review concluded that both the low sensitivity of office measurements in detecting optimal BP control and the association between HBPM and cardiovascular mortality support the routine use of HBPM in clinical practice.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> Studies demonstrated that the use of HBPM when following up patients with hypertension is associated with better adherence to pharmaceutical treatment, with consequent improvement of BP control and reduced cardiovascular outcomes when compared to office BP measurements.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Less than 15% of the global population with hypertension has reached the recommended BP target, and this rate is as low as 35% among patients with hypertension undergoing treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> This fact is highlighted when considering that the BP thresholds recommended by the most recent guidelines<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> have decreased, which tends to increase the percentage of individuals with uncontrolled hypertension and, consequently, the associated risk of morbidity and mortality by cardiovascular diseases. The first Brazilian registry of hypertension,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref></sup> using a lower threshold for BP (&lt; 130 &#215; 80 mmHg), found that 24.3% of the general population had controlled BP in the beginning of observation, and 24.7% had controlled BP after 1 year.</p>
        <p>Therefore, this study aimed to provide epidemiological data on hypertension control in the medical offices of a sample of Brazilian cardiologists via office BP measurement and HBPM.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <p>This is a cross-sectional analysis performed in 231 private health care centers specialized in cardiology and located in 23 Brazilian states and the Federal District, encompassing all regions of Brazil, between June and December 2019. The sample was obtained by convenience sampling and comprised patients who had a medical diagnosis of hypertension, were seen at ambulatory care, were aged &#8805; 18 years, and were receiving antihypertensive therapy with a controlled BP or not. In order to avoid selection bias, we asked the physician investigators to invite the second patient seen in each day to participate in the study.</p>
        <p>Individuals were initially informed on the objectives and procedures of the research and were then invited to voluntarily participate in the study. After they signed the informed consent form, data collection could begin. This study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas at Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s with No. 08208619.8.0000.5078.</p>
        <p>We collected demographic, clinical, and anthropometric data. The variables date of birth, age, sex, and use of antihypertensive medication were collected through a questionnaire applied during the appointment. Weight and height were obtained using duly calibrated and validated anthropometric scales, and the body mass index (BMI) of adults was classified according to the World Health Organization.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Office BP measurements were performed by physicians according to the recommendations by the VII Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension (Diretrizes Brasileiras de Hipertens&#227;o Arterial [VII DBHA]),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> using a suitable cuff for the size of the individual&#8217;s arm. Patients with arrhythmia and arm circumferences &gt; 42 cm and &lt; 22 cm did not participate in the study because of limitations of the BP measurement instrument.</p>
        <p>HBPM was obtained according to guidance by the IV Guidelines on Home Blood Pressure Monitoring and the European Guidelines on Arterial Hypertension.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> This way, two measurements were made on the first day, still in ambulatory environment (these were not used for analysis of mean home measurement), and home measurements were made in 4 consecutive days, with 3 measurements in the morning and 3 measurements in the night, totaling 24 measurements. The patients were instructed to perform measurements according to a protocol and record them in a BP diary for increasing adherence to the HBPM methodology. The measurements were also recorded and stored in the equipment memory and were then included in the TeleMRPA<sup>&#174;</sup>platform, a telemedicine tool for providing remote reports. Both the office BP measurement and HBPM were obtained using HEM 7320 equipment (Omron Healthcare Co. Ltd., Kyoto Japan).</p>
        <p>Participants were considered to have uncontrolled hypertension when SBP &#8805; 140 mmHg and/or DBP &#8805; 90 mmHg considering office measurements, or when SBP &#8805; 135 mmHg and/or DBP &#8805; 85 mmHg considering HBPM. Additionally, we analyzed the home BP control rate based on the new thresholds for HBPM, as recommended by the 2020 DBHA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> We used the following terms: masked uncontrolled hypertension (MUCH) for participants who had a controlled BP in the office but increased home or ambulatory measurements; white coat uncontrolled hypertension (WUCH) for those with an increased BP in the office, but controlled home or ambulatory measurements; and SH for those with uncontrolled BP both in the office and ambulatory care. Even though WCH and MH were originally defined for people not receiving treatment for hypertension, they have recently been used to describe discrepancies between BP inside and outside of the medical office for patients being treated for hypertension.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B23">23</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The database was structured using Microsoft Excel with data from HBPM imported from the recording platform, as well as other data collected by the investigators. Continuous variables are presented as means and standard deviations, whereas categorical variables are presented as relative and absolute frequencies. The association between categorical variables was verified through the chi-square test. We adopted a significance level of p &lt; 0.05. We used SPSS v. 21.0 statistical software (IBM Inc., Chicago, IL, EUA).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <p>The studied sample included 2540 patients, of which 1.9% (n = 49) were from the North region, 18% (n = 458) were from the Northeast region, 58.2% (n = 1479) were from the Southeast region, 13.5% (n = 342) were from the South region, and 8.3% (n = 211) were from the Central-West region. Of these, 1575 (62%) were female and 965 (38%), male. The mean age was 59.7 &#177; 15.2 years and the mean BMI, 28.6 &#177; 5.1 kg/m<sup>2</sup>( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Descriptive characteristics of the sample (n = 2540)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Characteristics</th>
                  <th>n</th>
                  <th>%</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>Malnutrition</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Eutrophy</td>
                  <td align="center">23</td>
                  <td align="center">0.9</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Overweight</td>
                  <td align="center">590</td>
                  <td align="center">23.2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Obesity</td>
                  <td align="center">1070</td>
                  <td align="center">42.1</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sex</td>
                  <td align="center">857</td>
                  <td align="center">33.7</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td colspan="3">
                    <bold>Female</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Male</td>
                  <td align="center">1575</td>
                  <td align="center">62.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Masculino</td>
                  <td align="center">965</td>
                  <td align="center">38.0</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>Mean</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>SD</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age (years)</td>
                  <td align="center">59.7</td>
                  <td align="center">15.2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>BMI (kg/m<sup>2</sup>)</td>
                  <td align="center">28.6</td>
                  <td align="center">5.1</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <attrib>Source: this study. BMI: body mass index; SD: standard deviation.</attrib>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>The mean office BP values were 133.3 &#177; 20.4 mmHg and 82.3 &#177; 13.2 mmHg; HBPM mean values were 125.9 &#177; 16.1 mmHg and 78.6 &#177; 9.3 mmHg for SBP and DBP, respectively. The participants had 14 or more valid measurements at HBPM, where most (94%) participants had a total of 24 valid measurements. The study showed a 15% prevalence (n = 382) of WUCH and a 10% prevalence (n = 253) of MUCH ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 2</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Prevalence of different phenotypes of hypertension (n = 2540)</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Phenotypes</th>
                  <th>n</th>
                  <th>%</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>WUCH</td>
                  <td align="center">382</td>
                  <td align="center">15</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CH</td>
                  <td align="center">1.168</td>
                  <td align="center">46</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>MUCH</td>
                  <td align="center">253</td>
                  <td align="center">10</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>SH</td>
                  <td align="center">737</td>
                  <td align="center">29</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <attrib>Source: this study. WUCH: white coat uncontrolled hypertension; CH: controlled hypertension; MUCH: masked uncontrolled hypertension; SH: sustained hypertension.</attrib>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>The prevalence of WUCH among women was 16% (n = 252) and that of MUCH was 8.4% (n = 132); among men, the prevalence rates were 13.5% (n = 130) for WUCH and 12.5% (n = 121) for MUCH. The prevalence of MUCH in men was significantly higher than in women, whereas women presented a higher number of patients with controlled hypertension. Regarding BMI, no statistical difference was observed between hypertension phenotypes; as to the age groups, older individuals (fourth quartile = 70-98 years) presented a higher prevalence of MUCH and the lowest BP control rate ( <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 3</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3001">
            <label>Table 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Phenotypes vs variables</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left" rowspan="5" scope="col">Phenotype</th>
                  <th colspan="8" scope="col">Sex</th>
                  <th rowspan="5" scope="col">p-value*</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="8" scope="col">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="4" scope="col">Female (n = 1575)</th>
                  <th colspan="4" scope="col">Male (n = 965)</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="8" rowspan="1" scope="col">
                    <hr/>
                  </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th colspan="2" scope="col">n</th>
                  <th colspan="2" scope="col">%</th>
                  <th colspan="2" scope="col">n</th>
                  <th colspan="2" scope="col">%</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">
                    <bold>Phenotype</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2"> </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2"> </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2"> </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2"> </td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.01</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">WUCH</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">252</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">16.0</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">130</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">13.5</td>
                  <td align="center"> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">CH</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">754</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">47.9</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">414</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">42.9<sup>&#8224;</sup></td>
                  <td align="center"> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">MUCH</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">132</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">8.4</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">121</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">12.5<sup>&#8224;</sup></td>
                  <td align="center"> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left">SH</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">437</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">27.7</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">300</td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">31.1</td>
                  <td align="center"> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="left" rowspan="3">
                    <bold>Phenotype</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="8">
                    <bold>Body Mass Index</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td rowspan="3">
                    <bold>p-value</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Malnutrition (n 23)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Eutrophy (n 590)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Overweight (n 1070)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Obesity (n 857)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>%</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Phenotype</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">0.24</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>WUCH</td>
                  <td align="center">7</td>
                  <td align="center">30.4</td>
                  <td align="center">84</td>
                  <td align="center">14.2</td>
                  <td align="center">168</td>
                  <td align="center">15.7</td>
                  <td align="center">123</td>
                  <td align="center">14.4</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CH</td>
                  <td align="center">8</td>
                  <td align="center">34.8</td>
                  <td align="center">269</td>
                  <td align="center">45.6</td>
                  <td align="center">511</td>
                  <td align="center">47.8</td>
                  <td align="center">380</td>
                  <td align="center">44.3</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>MUCH</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">4.3</td>
                  <td align="center">56</td>
                  <td align="center">9.5</td>
                  <td align="center">108</td>
                  <td align="center">10.1</td>
                  <td align="center">88</td>
                  <td align="center">10.3</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>SH</td>
                  <td align="center">7</td>
                  <td align="center">30.4</td>
                  <td align="center">181</td>
                  <td align="center">30.7</td>
                  <td align="center">283</td>
                  <td align="center">26.4</td>
                  <td align="center">266</td>
                  <td align="center">31.0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">
                    <bold>Phenotype</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="8">
                    <bold>Age</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" rowspan="3">
                    <bold>p-value</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Q1 (n 650) (18-49 years)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Q2 (n 673) (49-61 years)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Q3 (n 587) (61-70 years)</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center" colspan="2">
                    <bold>Q4 (n 630) (70-98 years)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>%</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>n</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>%</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Phenotype</bold>
                  </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 0.01</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>WUCH</td>
                  <td align="center">97</td>
                  <td align="center">14.9</td>
                  <td align="center">115</td>
                  <td align="center">17.1</td>
                  <td align="center">88</td>
                  <td align="center">15.0</td>
                  <td align="center">82</td>
                  <td align="center">13.0</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>CH</td>
                  <td align="center">319</td>
                  <td align="center">49.1</td>
                  <td align="center">325</td>
                  <td align="center">48.3</td>
                  <td align="center">284</td>
                  <td align="center">48.4</td>
                  <td align="center">240</td>
                  <td align="center">38.1<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>MUCH</td>
                  <td align="center">62</td>
                  <td align="center">9.5</td>
                  <td align="center">59</td>
                  <td align="center">8.8</td>
                  <td align="center">46</td>
                  <td align="center">7.8</td>
                  <td align="center">86</td>
                  <td align="center">13.7<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>SH</td>
                  <td align="center">172</td>
                  <td align="center">26.5</td>
                  <td align="center">174</td>
                  <td align="center">25.9</td>
                  <td align="center">169</td>
                  <td align="center">28.8</td>
                  <td align="center">222</td>
                  <td align="center">35.2<sup>&#8225;</sup></td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1001">
                <p>*p-value for the chi-square test.<sup>&#8224;</sup>This prevalence significantly differs from the prevalence in female individuals.<sup>&#8225;</sup>This prevalence significantly differs from the prevalence in female individuals. WUCH: white coat uncontrolled hypertension; CH: controlled hypertension; MUCH: masked uncontrolled hypertension; SH: sustained hypertension.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>The rate of BP control among participants of the office research was 56.3% (n = 1431). As to those at home, we observed a control rate of 61% (n = 1550), whereas 46.4% (n = 1178) of the participants in the study had controlled BP both inside and outside of the medical office ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Central Illustration</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01001">
            <label>Central Illustration</label>
            <caption>
              <title>: National registry of hypertension control evaluated by office and home measurements: the LHAR National Registry</title>
            </caption>
            <attrib>Prevalence of overall control.</attrib>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-08-e20220863-20863-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>When considering home BP control stratified by sex ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 1</xref> ) and age ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 2</xref> ), we observed higher control rates among women and in the second quartile (49-61 years age range), respectively.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02001">
            <label>Figure 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Prevalence of blood pressure control at home, stratified by sex (p &lt; 0.05).</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-08-e20220863-20863-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f03001">
            <label>Figure 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Prevalence of blood pressure control at home, stratified by age (p &lt; 0.05)*.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-08-e20220863-20863-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>The 2020 Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> proposed, as normal values for HBPM, 130 mmHg for SBP and 88 mmHg for DBP. Considering this new threshold, the prevalence of patients with WUCH was 7.6% (n = 194); with CH it was 34.9% (n = 886); with MUCH, 21.8% (n = 553); and with SH it was 35.7% (n = 907).</p>
        <p><xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04001">Figure 3</xref> shows the prevalence of BP control in the office and at home, considering the current and previously proposed thresholds.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f04001">
            <label>Figure 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Prevalence of control with the new thresholds for home blood pressure monitoring.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-08-e20220863-20863-gf04-en.tif"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>The diagnosis and treatment of hypertension has been based mainly on office BP measurements. However, BP may differ considerably when measured in the medical office and outside of this environment,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> where higher BP values outside of the medical office are associated with increased cardiovascular risk regardless of the office BP.</p>
        <p>This study showed that individuals showed increased BP values in the office when compared to measurements made at home. It is known that HBPM values are usually lower than office measurements and are closer to the mean BP recorded during the 24-hour ABPM.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup></p>
        <p>All the studied sample reached the number of valid measurements when performing HBPM. A good quality HBPM fundamentally depends on patient guidance and the use of a measurement diary, eliminating almost 100% of the need for repeating examinations due to insufficient measurements.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref></sup></p>
        <p>HBPM provides important information on BP levels outside of the office environment in different moments of the day. One of the great advantages of HBPM is the identification and follow-up of hypertension phenotypes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> The prevalence of WUCH and MUCH varies considerably due to differences in treatment conditions, type of BP measurement outside of the office, and thresholds for home and office BP measurements.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref></sup></p>
        <p>A study that used office BP and the mean home BP measurement between the morning and evening, adopting the same thresholds of this study, identified higher prevalence rates (MUCH 19.0%; WUCH 19.4%; CH 23.0%; and SH 38.7%). In this study, most patients with MUCH were male, older, had smoking and alcohol habits, and frequently presented high BMI, history of cardiovascular diseases, and more complications than patients with WUCH or controlled hypertension.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B27">27</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Global research on BP control for thresholds recommended by national and international guidelines consistently revealed that, in clinical practice, the conventional BP target of &lt; 140/90 mmHg is reached only by a minority of patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> A systematic review showed that BP control varies from around 28.4% in developed countries to only 7.7% in developing countries.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> In Brazil, the control rate varied from 10.4% to 35.2% in a population-based study.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B30">30</xref></sup> In this study, the BP control rate was higher than that reported by other investigations, reaching 46.4% (office and home).</p>
        <p>The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention observed that approximately 53.5% of Americans do not reach their BP targets.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref></sup> Although office BP monitoring is the usual standard of care or gold standard for diagnosing and treating hypertension, HBMP improves BP control<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B32">32</xref></sup> and medication adherence.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B33">33</xref></sup> Home BP measurements have also recurrently been demonstrated to have stronger predictive power for morbidity and mortality than office BP measurements.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B34">34</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> Among our study&#8217;s participants, the highest BP control rate was seen at home, being observed mainly among women and in the 49-60 years age range.</p>
        <p>A study suggests that almost one-third of patients considered to have adequate BP control by conventional clinical criteria do not have controlled BP when evaluated outside of the office. It is important to highlight that more than 1 in 3 patients with borderline casual BP has MUCH, and therefore an inadequately controlled BP.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref></sup></p>
        <p>A Brazilian study observed that BP control rates went from 57.0% by casual measurement to 61.3% by HBPM (p &lt; 0.001), with prevalence rates for WUCH and MUCH of 15.4% and 11.1%, respectively.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B38">38</xref></sup> Studies published in the last decade demonstrate that normal HBPM values are closer to 130/80 mmHg than to 135/85 mmHg, supporting the change in reference values for HBPM to 130/80 mmHg.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref></sup></p>
        <p>In 2020, an analysis of 9868 untreated Brazilian individuals showed that office BP values of 140/90 mmHg corresponded to HBPM values of 130/82 mmHg, whereas when analyzing 10 069 treated Brazilians, they observed that HBPM values of 131/82 mmHg were equivalent to office BP values of 140/90, and that reference values for HBPM lower than 135/85 mmHg were more suitable for defining the presence of abnormal BP behavior.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Therefore, the 2020 Brazilian Guidelines of Hypertension<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> recommended that abnormal HBPM values were considered from &#8805; 130/80 mmHg instead of &#8805; 135/85 mmHg as previously recommended by the VII DBHA,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> the VI Guidelines on Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (Diretrizes de Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Ambulatorial da Press&#227;o Arterial), and the IV Guidelines on Home Blood Pressure Monitoring (Diretriz de Monitoriza&#231;&#227;o Residencial da Press&#227;o Arterial).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Data on BP control, with the new threshold proposed by the 2020 DHBA,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> have not yet been reported in the literature. In the aforementioned study, a decrease in home BP control and in the number of WUCH cases was observed along with an increase in the number of MUCH cases.</p>
        <p>Various studies demonstrated that adding home BP measurements to routine patient management improves treatment adherence, especially when HBPM is associated with the teletransmission of BP values measured by patients at home.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B42">42</xref></sup> This is a crucial advantage, since in real life low treatment adherence is a phenomenon of devastating proportions<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref></sup> that can be considered the main responsible for the low BP control rates characterizing the population with hypertension<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">44</xref></sup> and making hypertension the main cause of death worldwide.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45">45</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Reaching BP control is vital to avoid outcomes such as cardiovascular diseases, kidney failure, and stroke. Therefore, guidelines recommend the optimization of drug doses or the addition of antihypertensive medications until the target BP is reached.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B47">47</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B48">48</xref></sup> The inclusion of home BP measurement in the treatment of patients with hypertension favors therapy in various ways, such as with improved treatment adherence, avoiding overtreatment, and reducing clinical inertia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B49">49</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Physician inertia is also a barrier to patients reaching the desired BP control. Various reasons could be underlying the physician&#8217;s decision to not initiate or intensify antihypertensive medication, including uncertainty of the patient&#8217;s BP outside of the office.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B50">50</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B53">53</xref></sup> HBPM promotes patient-centered care and improves BP control and patient results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup></p>
        <sec>
          <title>Limitations</title>
          <p>This study had some limitations. Participant selection was not stratified in the sense of representing the whole Brazilian population according to that of each region, thus it may have overrepresented the Southeast region. Moreover, the patients were originated from private practices, which may not reflect the reality of Unified Health System users.</p>
          <p>Another limitation was the fact that we did not observe whether there was a correlation between BP control and the number of drugs being used, or whether other risk factors influenced BP control.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusion</title>
        <p>In this study, the BP control rate in the medical offices of a sample of Brazilian cardiologists was 56.3%, considering the BP verified in office measurements; it was 61% when BP was measured at home, and 46.4% when control was observed both in the office and at home. The home BP control rate changes to 42.4% when using the new thresholds proposed by the 2020 DBHA.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas da Universidade Federal de Goi&#225;s under the protocol number 2.985.410. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of funding: This study was partially funded by Ind&#250;stria Farmac&#234;utica SERVIER.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
