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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">WYr3qm56MHW4pmwV3MNKcXk</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000700208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230406</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>An&#225;lise de Desfechos ap&#243;s Parada Cardiorrespirat&#243;ria Extra-Hospitalar</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2606-7460</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Salim</surname>
            <given-names>Thais Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7058-799X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Porto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de Vassouras</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Thais Rocha Salim &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Rua Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255, Pr&#233;dio do HU 8&#186; andar &#8211; sala 6. CEP 21941-913, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>thais.salim@yahoo.com.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230406</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Parada Cardiorrespirat&#243;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Reanima&#231;&#227;o Cardiopulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Parada Card&#237;aca Extra-Hospitalar</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="11"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A parada cardiorrespirat&#243;ria (PCR) &#233; definida como a cessa&#231;&#227;o da atividade mec&#226;nica do cora&#231;&#227;o, confirmada pela aus&#234;ncia de sinais de circula&#231;&#227;o, clinicamente apresentados por irresponsividade, aus&#234;ncia de pulso e respira&#231;&#227;o ou gasping.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A PCR &#233; a via final e mecanismo de morte de diversas situa&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas ou traum&#225;ticas que variam com a idade do paciente e local de ocorr&#234;ncia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A revers&#227;o da PCR e o progn&#243;stico ap&#243;s o evento dependem da identifica&#231;&#227;o e institui&#231;&#227;o de medidas de reanima&#231;&#227;o de alta efic&#225;cia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> As taxas de Retorno &#224; Circula&#231;&#227;o Espont&#226;nea (RCE), sobrevida at&#233; a alta hospitalar e a condi&#231;&#227;o neurol&#243;gica a curto e m&#233;dio prazos s&#227;o imprecisas e variam na literatura.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Em uma metan&#225;lise que incluiu 141 estudos da Am&#233;rica do Norte, Europa, Asia e Oceania, o RCE ocorreu em 29,7% dos pacientes adultos reanimados no ambiente extra-hospitalar e menos de 10% sobreviveram at&#233; a alta hospitalar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> As maiores taxas de sobrevida ocorreram na PCR presenciada e com in&#237;cio das manobras de reanima&#231;&#227;o de forma precoce.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Em outra metan&#225;lise, que incluiu 44 estudos realizados na Europa, Asia e Am&#233;rica do Norte a utiliza&#231;&#227;o de circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea na reanima&#231;&#227;o extra-hospitalar apresentou taxas de sobrevida at&#233; a alta de 24%, e 18% dos pacientes apresentaram condi&#231;&#245;es neurol&#243;gicas favor&#225;veis. Por&#233;m, nos estudos avaliados, o tempo para chegada do servi&#231;o m&#233;dico m&#243;vel foi inferior a 5 minutos o que pode ter influenciado nos desfechos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>No Brasil, no ambiente extra-hospitalar, a taxa de sobrevida est&#225; relacionada ao ritmo da PCR. Os ritmos choc&#225;veis, taquicardia ventricular ou fibrila&#231;&#227;o ventricular, correspondem a quase 80% dos eventos e quando a desfibrila&#231;&#227;o &#233; realizada entre 3-5 minutos do in&#237;cio da PCR a taxa de sobrevida fica em torno de 50% a 70%. Enquanto os ritmos n&#227;o choc&#225;veis, como atividade el&#233;trica sem pulso e assistolia, a sobrevida &#233; inferior a 17%. Segundo a Diretriz de Ressuscita&#231;&#227;o Cardiopulmonar e Cuidados Cardiovasculares de Emerg&#234;ncia da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia, a taxa de sobrevida nas PCRs de etiologia traum&#225;tica &#233; inferior a 3%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> O artigo publicado nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> traz informa&#231;&#245;es importantes sobre as taxas de sobrevida e condi&#231;&#245;es neurol&#243;gicas nas PCRs extra-hospitalares em uma capital brasileira, o que permite tra&#231;ar estrat&#233;gias de preven&#231;&#227;o desse evento e aperfei&#231;oamento das equipes de atendimento &#224; PCR. Trata-se de um estudo de coorte em Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brasil. Foi realizada a coleta retrospectiva das informa&#231;&#245;es das fichas de Atendimento Pr&#233;-hospitalar do servi&#231;o de atendimento m&#243;vel de urg&#234;ncia, de 852 v&#237;timas maiores de 18 anos de PCR extra-hospitalar, ocorrida no per&#237;odo de janeiro de 2016 a dezembro de 2018. O segmento da coorte foi feito atrav&#233;s da coleta de informa&#231;&#245;es dos prontu&#225;rios das unidades hospitalares em que os sobreviventes foram internados ou por entrevista com os pacientes e seus familiares.</p>
    <p>Os autores observaram que a PCR extra-hospitalar ocorreu com maior frequ&#234;ncia no sexo masculino, com m&#233;dia de idade de 64,33 anos e 70% apresentavam pelo menos uma comorbidade, sendo as mais prevalentes a hipertens&#227;o arterial, cardiopatias e diabetes. Tais resultados sinalizam a import&#226;ncia da preven&#231;&#227;o e tratamento das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares para a redu&#231;&#227;o de &#243;bitos e a ocorr&#234;ncia das PCRs.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> O local mais frequente da PCR foi o domic&#237;lio (80,87%) e a etiologia da PCR foi cl&#237;nica em 89,44% dos casos. O tempo de resposta m&#233;dio at&#233; a chegada do primeiro atendimento foi de 13,37 (DP=7,35) minutos; at&#233; a chegada do suporte avan&#231;ado de vida, foi de 19,25 (DP=10,85) minutos. Em 73,35% dos atendimentos, o primeiro ritmo detectado foi n&#227;o choc&#225;vel. Ap&#243;s a primeira PCR, 29,93% dos pacientes apresentaram RCE e 15,14% tiveram recidiva de PCR ainda no pr&#233;-hospitalar. A sobrevida at&#233; a interna&#231;&#227;o hospitalar foi de 20,66%, e at&#233; a alta hospitalar de 4,23%. Dentre os sobreviventes que receberam alta hospitalar foi realizada a Escala de Categoria de Performance Cerebral,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> um sistema de pontua&#231;&#227;o que permite avaliar a capacidade funcional ap&#243;s PCR com base em entrevistas &#224; fam&#237;lia e em informa&#231;&#227;o registrada, sendo realizada na alta, aos seis meses e em um ano. Em mais da metade dos indiv&#237;duos sobreviventes o desfecho de performance cerebral foi considerado adequado em todos os per&#237;odos de avalia&#231;&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Apesar de o tempo de atendimento ter sido maior que o recomendado na literatura,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> e o primeiro ritmo detect&#225;vel ter sido n&#227;o chocavel, as taxas de RCE e de admiss&#227;o hospitalar se igualaram ao encontrado em outros estudos na Europa e Am&#233;rica do Norte, por&#233;m a sobrevida a alta hospitalar foi menor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Melhorar o reconhecimento e a assist&#234;ncia &#224;s PCRs com redu&#231;&#227;o do tempo de atendimento poderia aumentar a sobrevida. A causa traum&#225;tica da PCR foi associada a maior sobreviv&#234;ncia pr&#233; e intra- hospitalar, por&#233;m n&#227;o houve diferen&#231;a entre as curvas de sobrevida at&#233; a alta hospitalar. O que demonstra que as manobras de RCP devem ser executadas independentemente da etiologia da PCR e levanta a hip&#243;tese de que a qualidade do atendimento hospitalar seria um fator associado &#224; alta.</p>
    <p>O presente estudo tem o m&#233;rito de fornecer as caracter&#237;sticas e desfechos da PCR extra-hospitalar em uma grande capital brasileira. Al&#233;m, de reafirmar a import&#226;ncia do preenchimento adequado das fichas de atendimento pr&#233;-hospitalar. Por fim, &#233; importante ressaltar que os resultados deste estudo podem auxiliar no planejamento de pol&#237;ticas de sa&#250;de e na constru&#231;&#227;o das diretrizes de reanima&#231;&#227;o no pa&#237;s.</p>
  </body>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Desfechos ap&#243;s Parada Cardiorrespirat&#243;ria Extra-Hospitalar de Natureza Cl&#237;nica e Traum&#225;tica</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Outcome Analysis after Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2606-7460</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Salim</surname>
            <given-names>Thais Rocha</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-7058-799X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Soares</surname>
            <given-names>Gabriel Porto</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade de Vassouras, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Addess: Thais Rocha Salim &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Rua Prof. Rodolpho P. Rocco, 255, Pr&#233;dio do HU 8&#186; andar &#8211; sala 6. Postal Code 21941-913, Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: thais.salim@yahoo.com.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Arrest</kwd>
        <kwd>Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiac arrest (CA) is defined as the cessation of mechanical activity of the heart, confirmed by the absence of signs of circulation, clinically manifested by unresponsiveness, absence of pulse, and breathing or gasping.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> CA is the final pathway and mechanism of death in various clinical or traumatic situations that vary with the patient&#8217;s age and the occurrence location.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> The reversal of CA and the prognosis after the event depend on identifying and implementing high-efficiency resuscitation measures.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Rates of Return of Spontaneous Circulation (RSC), survival until hospital discharge, and short- and medium-term neurological condition are imprecise and vary in the literature.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> A meta-analysis of 141 studies from North America, Europe, Asia, and Oceania showed that RSC occurred in 29.7% of adult patients resuscitated in the out-of-hospital environment, and less than 10% survived until hospital discharge.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> The highest survival rates occurred in witnessed CA cases with early initiation of resuscitation maneuvers.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> In another meta-analysis that included 44 studies conducted in Europe, Asia, and North America, the use of extracorporeal circulation in out-of-hospital resuscitation resulted in survival rates of up to 24%, with 18% of patients having favorable neurological conditions. However, in the evaluated studies, the time for arrival of the mobile medical service was less than 5 minutes, which may have influenced the outcomes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In Brazil, in the out-of-hospital environment, survival rates are related to the rhythm of CA. Shockable rhythms, ventricular tachycardia, or ventricular fibrillation account for nearly 80% of events, and when defibrillation is performed between 3-5 minutes from the onset of CA, the survival rate is around 50% to 70%. Meanwhile, non-shockable rhythms, such as pulseless electrical activity and asystole, have a survival rate of less than 17%. According to the Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care of the <italic>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia</italic> ,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> the survival rate in traumatic CA cases is less than 3%.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> An article published in the <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic> provides important information on survival rates and neurological conditions in out-of-hospital CAs in a Brazilian capital, allowing for the development of strategies to prevent such events and improve the <italic>cardiopulmonary resuscitation</italic> <bold>(</bold> CPR) response teams. It is a cohort study conducted in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Brazil. Retrospective data collection was performed from the Prehospital Care records of the Mobile Emergency Care Service, involving 852 victims over 18 years old who experienced out-of-hospital CA between January 2016 and December 2018. The cohort segment was established by collecting information from the medical records of the hospital units where the survivors were admitted or through interviews with the patients and their family members.</p>
      <p>The authors observed that out-of-hospital CA occurred more frequently in males, with a mean age of 64.33 years, and 70% had at least one comorbidity, with hypertension, heart disease, and diabetes being the most prevalent. These results highlight the importance of preventing and treating cardiovascular diseases to reduce deaths and the occurrence of CAs.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> The most frequent location of CA was the home (80.87%), and the etiology of CA was clinical in 89.44% of cases. The average response time until the first assistance arrived was 13.37 (SD=7.35) minutes, and until the arrival of advanced life support, it was 19.25 (SD=10.85) minutes. In 73.35% of the cases, the first detected rhythm was non-shockable. After the first CA, 29.93% of the patients achieved ROSC, and 15.14% experienced recurrent CA in the prehospital phase. The survival rate until hospital admission was 20.66%, and until hospital discharge was 4.23%. Among the survivors discharged from the hospital, the Cerebral Performance Category Scale,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> was used, a scoring system that evaluates functional capacity after CA based on interviews with the family and recorded information. It was conducted at discharge, six months, and one year. In more than half of the surviving individuals, the outcome of cerebral performance was considered appropriate in all evaluation periods.</p>
      <p>Despite the longer response time than recommended in the literature<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> and the first detectable rhythm being non-shockable, the rates of RSC and hospital admission were comparable to those found in other studies in Europe and North America. However, survival until hospital discharge was lower.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Improving the recognition and assistance for CAs with reduced response time could increase survival rates. The traumatic cause of CA was associated with higher pre- and intra-hospital survival, but there was no difference in survival curves until hospital discharge. This demonstrates that CPR maneuvers should be performed regardless of the etiology of CA and raises the hypothesis that the quality of hospital care is a factor associated with discharge.</p>
      <p>This study has the merit of providing the characteristics and outcomes of out-of-hospital CA in a major Brazilian capital. Furthermore, it reaffirms the importance of adequately completing prehospital care records. Finally, it is important to emphasize that the results of this study can assist in the planning of health policies and the development of resuscitation guidelines in the country.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Outcomes after Clinical and Traumatic Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
