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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">HwMMbhhpTwJ5fbv7ZvKmtzw</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000700303</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00303</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220319</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Insufici&#234;ncia Tric&#250;spide e Mortalidade em Pacientes Submetidos &#224; Troca da Valva A&#243;rtica Transcateter: Uma Revis&#227;o Sistem&#225;tica e Metan&#225;lise</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9909-6756</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Erbano</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna Olandoski</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Schio</surname>
            <given-names>Nicolle Amboni</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Renato Delascio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3543-754X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bignoto</surname>
            <given-names>Tiago Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Olandoski</surname>
            <given-names>Marcia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4629-5938</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Luz</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel Silva Brito da</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8587-875X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Dagostin de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8061-8905</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Erbano</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas Henrique Olandoski</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7180-5779</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ramos</surname>
            <given-names>Auristela Isabel de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feres</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1397-0634</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Faria</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Rocha</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5822-6622</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Baena</surname>
            <given-names>Cristina Pellegrino</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4903-5274</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Siqueira</surname>
            <given-names>Dimytri Alexandre de Alvim</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia associado &#224; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Paran&#225;</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Curitiba</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PR</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Paran&#225;, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Duke University Hospital</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Durham</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">North Carolina</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina &#8211; EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Bruna Olandoski Erbano &#8226; Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia - Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500. CEP 04012-180, Vila Mariana, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>bruoe@hotmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>7</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220319</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>01</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>17</day>
          <month>02</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> A extens&#227;o do dano card&#237;aco associada &#224; estenose a&#243;rtica tem importantes implica&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas ap&#243;s a substitui&#231;&#227;o da valva a&#243;rtica transcateter (TAVR). Contudo, ainda n&#227;o est&#225; claro qual &#233; o papel da insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide (IT) nesse cen&#225;rio cl&#237;nico.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivos</title>
          <p> Explorar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre IT e mortalidade em pacientes submetidos a TAVR e avaliar as altera&#231;&#245;es na gravidade da IT ap&#243;s a TAVR e sua rela&#231;&#227;o com mortalidade de curto e m&#233;dio prazo.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> Foram feitas pesquisas em bases de dados relevantes de artigos publicados do in&#237;cio at&#233; agosto de 2020. Dos 414 estudos triados, selecionamos 24 que relataram o grau de IT pr&#233;- ou p&#243;s-TAVR. O desfecho prim&#225;rio foi mortalidade por todas as causas, e foram conduzidos modelos de metan&#225;lise de efeitos aleat&#243;rios (a um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5%).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Dezessete estudos relataram associa&#231;&#245;es entre IT pr&#233;-TAVR e mortalidade por todas as causas (&gt; 45.000 participantes), e 13 avaliaram a gravidade da IT p&#243;s-TAVR (709 participantes). A IT basal moderada/grave foi associada a maior mortalidade por todas as causas em 30 dias [raz&#227;o de risco (RR) 1,65; intervalo de confian&#231;a (IC) 95% 1,20-2,29] e 1,2 ano (RR 1,56; IC95% 1,31-1,84). Ap&#243;s a TAVR, 43% dos pacientes apresentaram redu&#231;&#227;o de pelo menos um grau na IT (30 dias, IC95% 30-56%), que se sustentou em 12,5 meses em 44% dos participantes (IC95% 35-52%).A persist&#234;ncia de IT significativa foi associada a um aumento de duas vezes na mortalidade por todas as causas (RR 2,12; IC95% 1,53-2,92).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
          <p> A IT significativa pr&#233;-TAVR est&#225; associada a maior mortalidade. Ainda que a gravidade da IT possa melhorar, a persist&#234;ncia de IT significativa ap&#243;s a TAVR est&#225; fortemente associada ao aumento da mortalidade. Nossos achados destacam a import&#226;ncia de uma avalia&#231;&#227;o detalhada da IT pr&#233;- e p&#243;s-TAVR e podem ajudar a identificar pacientes que possam se beneficiar de uma vigil&#226;ncia mais cuidadosa nesse cen&#225;rio.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Substitui&#231;&#227;o da Valva A&#243;rtica Transcateter</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia da Valva Tric&#250;spide</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Estenose da Valva A&#243;rtica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="18"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="46"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figura Central</label>
        <caption>
          <title>: Insufici&#234;ncia Tric&#250;spide e Mortalidade em Pacientes Submetidos &#224; Troca da Valva A&#243;rtica Transcateter: Uma Revis&#227;o Sistem&#225;tica e Metan&#225;lise</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
    </p>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Nas &#250;ltimas duas d&#233;cadas, a mortalidade ap&#243;s a substitui&#231;&#227;o da valva a&#243;rtica transcateter (TAVR) diminuiu.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Por&#233;m, nos 5 anos ap&#243;s a TAVR, taxa de mortalidade de quase 50% &#233; atribu&#237;da a causas cardiovasculares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Conforme descrito por G&#233;n&#233;reux et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> a extens&#227;o do dano card&#237;aco secund&#225;rio &#224; estenose a&#243;rtica (EA) tem importantes implica&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas ap&#243;s a substitui&#231;&#227;o da valva a&#243;rtica (AVR). Em rela&#231;&#227;o a isso, tem-se estudado extensivamente a associa&#231;&#227;o da gravidade da insufici&#234;ncia mitral (IM) e de maiores taxas de mortalidade ap&#243;s a TAVR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Contudo, em um subgrupo de IM leve a moderada, a insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide (IT) foi o fator proeminente associado a um pior progn&#243;stico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Na verdade, a EA em conjunto com a IT moderada/grave e/ou hipertens&#227;o pulmonar est&#225; associada a 21,3% da mortalidade por todas as causas em 1 ano, independentemente do tratamento da EA.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Contudo, um grande registro chegou &#224; conclus&#227;o que a IT s&#243; foi preditiva de morte ap&#243;s a TAVR em pacientes com mais de 30% de fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (FEVE),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> o que significa que a intera&#231;&#227;o entre essas valvopatias permanece incerta. Por&#233;m, sabe-se pouco sobre as altera&#231;&#245;es na gravidade da IT ao longo do tempo ap&#243;s a TAVR. Os objetivos desta revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise foram explorar a associa&#231;&#227;o entre a IT e a mortalidade em pacientes submetidos a TAVR e avaliar as altera&#231;&#245;es na gravidade da IT ap&#243;s a TAVR e sua rela&#231;&#227;o com mortalidade em curto e m&#233;dio prazo.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Estrat&#233;gia de pesquisa</title>
        <p>Este estudo foi conduzido de acordo com as recomenda&#231;&#245;es do PRISMA ( <italic>Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses</italic> /Itens de relat&#243;rio preferidos para revis&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas e metan&#225;lises),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> do MOOSE ( <italic>Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology</italic> /Metan&#225;lises de estudos observacionais em epidemiologia)<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> e da Cochrane<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> e foi considerado isento de aprova&#231;&#227;o por um conselho de revis&#227;o institucional. Artigos relevantes foram pesquisados em cinco bases de dados eletr&#244;nicas (MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science e LILACS) usando os seguintes termos em ingl&#234;s: <italic>TAVR OR AND tricuspid regurgitation AND prognosis/mortality</italic> (TAVR OU E IT E progn&#243;stico/mortalidade) ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Material complementar 1</ext-link> ). A busca foi realizada do in&#237;cio at&#233; agosto de 2020, sem restri&#231;&#245;es de idioma. A <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 1</xref> exibe o diagrama de fluxo do PRISMA. Dois pares de autores examinaram independentemente todos os t&#237;tulos e resumos, e os registros relevantes foram selecionados para uma an&#225;lise completa. As diverg&#234;ncias foram resolvidas por consenso ap&#243;s consulta a um revisor s&#234;nior. As listas de refer&#234;ncias dos artigos obtidos e revis&#245;es relevantes tamb&#233;m foram triadas. A estat&#237;stica Kappa foi usada para determinar o grau de concord&#226;ncia entre os revisores.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Fluxograma do PRISMA. PRISMA: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (Itens de relat&#243;rio preferidos para revis&#245;es sistem&#225;ticas e metan&#225;lises). IT: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide; TAVR: substitui&#231;&#227;o da valva a&#243;rtica transcateter.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Crit&#233;rios de elegibilidade</title>
        <p>Inclu&#237;mos estudos que: (1) avaliaram pacientes com TAVR devido a EA; (2) relataram graus de IT por ecocardiografia (pr&#233;- ou p&#243;s-TAVR); (3) relataram mortalidade por todas as causas como desfecho prim&#225;rio, al&#233;m de mortalidade cardiovascular e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca (ICa) como desfechos secund&#225;rios, de acordo com o grau de IT. Exclu&#237;mos estudos que: (1) inclu&#237;ram exclusivamente pacientes com valva a&#243;rtica bic&#250;spide e EA ou aqueles submetidos a procedimentos de valve-in-valve; (2) n&#227;o avaliaram os graus de IT conforme recomendado pelas diretrizes de ecocardiografia;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> ou (3) apresentaram relat&#243;rios pouco claros sobre vari&#225;veis, desfechos de interesse ou desfechos combinados, impossibilitando a an&#225;lise dos dados. Para a an&#225;lise quantitativa, exclu&#237;mos estudos que avaliaram exclusivamente popula&#231;&#245;es de subgrupos que eram diferentes dos participantes da revis&#227;o. Em casos em que a mesma popula&#231;&#227;o de pacientes foi relatada em v&#225;rias publica&#231;&#245;es, selecionamos o estudo com a maior amostra. Foram exclu&#237;dos relatos de casos, resumos, revis&#245;es, editoriais e relat&#243;rios de confer&#234;ncias.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Extra&#231;&#227;o de dados</title>
        <p>Os dados foram coletados por tr&#234;s autores usando uma planilha de extra&#231;&#227;o de dados predefinida ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Material complementar 2</ext-link> ), a qual inclu&#237;a detalhes do estudo, dados demogr&#225;ficos basais do paciente, caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e ecocardiogr&#225;ficas e desfechos de interesse. As diverg&#234;ncias foram resolvidas por consenso ap&#243;s consulta a um autor s&#234;nior. Caso as caracter&#237;sticas basais do paciente estivessem separadas por grupos, sempre que poss&#237;vel, agrupamos os dados atribu&#237;veis a toda a popula&#231;&#227;o usando a m&#233;dia e desvio padr&#227;o (DP).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Mortalidade e gravidade da IT</title>
        <p>O desfecho prim&#225;rio foi definido como a incid&#234;ncia de mortalidade por todas as causas de acordo com os graus basais de IT. Os desfechos secund&#225;rios inclu&#237;ram mortalidade card&#237;aca e hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICa. Os estudos foram separados entre seguimento de curto prazo (desfechos avaliados at&#233; a alta ou 30 dias ap&#243;s a TAVR) e seguimento de m&#233;dio prazo (desfechos avaliados mais de 30 dias ap&#243;s a TAVR).</p>
        <p>Os graus de IT avaliados por ecocardiografia foram classificados como ausente/m&#237;nimo, leve, moderada ou grave. Nossas an&#225;lises prim&#225;rias compararam graus de IT moderada/grave com graus de IT ausente/m&#237;nimo/leve. A associa&#231;&#227;o de graus incrementais de IT e sobrevida tamb&#233;m foi examinada por meio da compara&#231;&#227;o do risco de mortalidade por IT ausente/m&#237;nimo com IT leve, moderada e grave (an&#225;lise secund&#225;ria). Um estudo<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> comparou a IT grave com n&#227;o grave, o que foi inclu&#237;do na an&#225;lise prim&#225;ria.</p>
        <p>Para nossas an&#225;lises adicionais, as melhoras no grau de IT foram definidas por altera&#231;&#245;es de pelo menos um grau desde a linha de base at&#233; o p&#243;s-TAVR. Metan&#225;lises tamb&#233;m foram feitas separadamente por tempos de seguimento, e a mortalidade por todas as causas foi comparada entre pacientes cuja gravidade da IT melhorou ap&#243;s a TAVR e aqueles em que a IT piorou ou permaneceu inalterada.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Avalia&#231;&#245;es de qualidade e de risco de vi&#233;s</title>
        <p>A escala de Newcastle-Ottawa<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> foi usada para avaliar o risco de vi&#233;s. Dois revisores independentes classificaram os estudos como apresentando risco de vi&#233;s baixo (nove estrelas), m&#233;dio (sete ou oito estrelas) ou alto (seis ou menos estrelas). Todas as diverg&#234;ncias foram resolvidas por consenso.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <p>Como apenas estudos observacionais foram inclu&#237;dos, as estimativas agrupadas de mortalidade por todas as causas e intervalos de confian&#231;a (IC) de 95% dos estudos inclu&#237;dos foram obtidas por metan&#225;lises de efeitos aleat&#243;rios (m&#233;todo DerSimonian e Laird, com as estimativas de heterogeneidade obtidas do m&#233;todo Mantel-Haenszel).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Foram extra&#237;dos de cada estudo, a raz&#227;o de chances (RC) mais amplamente ajustada ou (quando n&#227;o dispon&#237;vel) n&#227;o ajustada, a raz&#227;o de risco (RR) e os IC95% associados. Caso as estimativas de risco n&#227;o estivessem dispon&#237;veis, obtivemos os dados relevantes: entrando em contato com os autores; fazendo o c&#225;lculo manualmente com base nas informa&#231;&#245;es dispon&#237;veis; ou calculando a RR n&#227;o ajustada com base nas curvas de Kaplan-Meier publicadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> Presumimos que a RR e a RC se aproximavam da mesma medida de risco.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Em um caso,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> a RR correspondente a IT ausente/leve vs. moderada/grave foi calculada com base na RR de outras compara&#231;&#245;es (IT ausente/m&#237;nimo vs. leve, moderada e grave). As estimativas agrupadas das diferen&#231;as m&#233;dias nas propor&#231;&#245;es pr&#233;- e p&#243;s-TAVR dos graus de IT moderada/grave foram calculadas para avaliar as mudan&#231;as na IT desde a linha de base at&#233; o seguimento. A heterogeneidade entre os estudos foi avaliada com a estat&#237;stica I<sup>2</sup> e classificada como: &lt; 25% indicava baixa heterogeneidade, e &gt; 75% indicava alta heterogeneidade. As an&#225;lises de sensibilidade foram realizadas por meio da an&#225;lise <italic>leave-one-out</italic> , separando estimativas de risco ajustadas e n&#227;o ajustadas. An&#225;lises de metarregress&#227;o foram usadas para testar covari&#225;veis importantes para a influ&#234;ncia de modificadores de efeito potencial. O vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o foi avaliado pela simetria do gr&#225;fico de funil e pelo teste de Egger<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> (o p-valor &gt; 0,05 indicou que n&#227;o havia vi&#233;s significativo). Todas as an&#225;lises foram realizadas usando o software estat&#237;stico Stata vers&#227;o 14.1 (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas, EUA).</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="results">
      <title>Resultados</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Sele&#231;&#227;o de estudo</title>
        <p>As buscas eletr&#244;nicas resultaram em 414 estudos n&#227;o duplicados; e dois estudos adicionais foram selecionados manualmente. Ap&#243;s a avalia&#231;&#227;o do t&#237;tulo e do resumo, 88 estudos foram selecionados para avalia&#231;&#227;o do texto completo [Kappa = 0,86 (IC95% 0,79-0,92)]. Por fim, 24 relat&#243;rios foram considerados eleg&#237;veis e foram inclu&#237;dos em nossa revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica: 17 avaliando o impacto da IT basal na mortalidade por todas as causas ap&#243;s a TAVR<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> e 13 na an&#225;lise adicional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> Para as an&#225;lises quantitativas, exclu&#237;mos um artigo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> que avaliava um subgrupo espec&#237;fico de pacientes com IM leve a moderada, porque ele considerava uma popula&#231;&#227;o divergente com uma propor&#231;&#227;o provavelmente maior de pacientes com IT prim&#225;ria. Um resumo dos 17 estudos selecionados &#233; apresentado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">Tabela 1</xref> . Oito estudos relataram dados sobre desfechos de 30 dias, e 14 estudos relataram dados sobre seguimento de m&#233;dio prazo (m&#233;dia de 1,2 ano).</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Principais caracter&#237;sticas dos estudos inclu&#237;dos</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Primeiro autor, ano</th>
                  <th rowspan="2">Regi&#227;o</th>
                  <th>N&#250;mero de</th>
                  <th>Desenho</th>
                  <th>Per&#237;odo</th>
                  <th>N&#176;. de participantes</th>
                  <th>Tipo de</th>
                  <th>Acesso</th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>Mortalidade</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">(N&#176;. de ref.)</th>
                  <th>centros</th>
                  <th>do estudo</th>
                  <th>de inclus&#227;o</th>
                  <th>submetidos a TAVR</th>
                  <th>valva (%)</th>
                  <th>transfemoral (%)</th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Gravidade da IT (%)</th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal">Seguimento</th>
                  <th>por todas as causas (%)*</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Agasthi, 2020</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                  <td align="center">3</td>
                  <td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Janeiro de 2012 a</td>
                  <td align="center">954</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 745 (78)</td>
                  <td align="center">726 (76)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; mod = 877 (92)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 ano</td>
                  <td align="center">135 (14)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(16)</td>
                  <td align="center">(Hospitais Mayo Clinic)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Junho de 2017</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">SEV 209 (22)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 77 (8)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Amat-santos, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">Espanha</td>
                  <td align="center">6</td>
                  <td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Agosto de 2007 a</td>
                  <td align="center">813</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 194 (24)</td>
                  <td align="center">813 (100)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; 2 = 602 (74)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 meses</td>
                  <td align="center">84 (10)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(5)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Janeiro de 2015</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">SEV 608 (76)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; 2 = 208 (26)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Barbanti, 2015</td>
                  <td align="center">Canad&#225;</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Janeiro de 2007 a</td>
                  <td align="center">518</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 483 (93)</td>
                  <td align="center">343 (66)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; mod = 439 (85)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 dias e</td>
                  <td align="center">118 (23)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(17)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Agosto de 2012</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">SEV 35 (7)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 79 (15)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 anos</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Barvalia, 2017</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">2012 a 2015</td>
                  <td align="center">460</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 280 (61)</td>
                  <td align="center">330 (72)</td>
                  <td align="center">Leve = 352 (76)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 dias</td>
                  <td align="center">25 (5)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(18)</td>
                  <td align="center">(New Jersey)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">SEV 180 (39)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Moderada = 32 (7)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Grave = 43 (9)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Gotzmann, 2011</td>
                  <td align="center">Alemanha</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Junho de 2008 a</td>
                  <td align="center">145</td>
                  <td align="center">SEV 145 (100)</td>
                  <td align="center">140 (96)</td>
                  <td align="center">Leve = 43 (30)</td>
                  <td align="center">6 meses</td>
                  <td align="center">23 (16)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(19)</td>
                  <td align="center">(Bochum)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Setembro de 2010</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Moderada = 46 (32)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Grave = 17 (12)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hutter, 2013</td>
                  <td align="center">Alemanha</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Junho de 2007 a</td>
                  <td align="center">268</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 74 (28)</td>
                  <td align="center">194 (72)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; mod = 197 (78)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 dias e</td>
                  <td align="center">108 (40)&#8224;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(20)</td>
                  <td align="center">(Munique)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Agosto de 2009</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">SEV 194 (72)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 54 (21)</td>
                  <td align="center">2 anos</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Kjonas, 2019</td>
                  <td align="center">Noruega</td>
                  <td align="center">2</td>
                  <td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Fevereiro de 2010 a</td>
                  <td align="center">218</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 170 (78)</td>
                  <td align="center">122 (56)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; mod = 168 (77)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 dias</td>
                  <td align="center">19 (9)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(21)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Junho de 2013</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">SEV 48 (22)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 45 (21)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Lindman, 2015</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA e</td>
                  <td align="center">57</td>
                  <td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Dezembro de 2011 a</td>
                  <td align="center">507</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 507 (100)</td>
                  <td align="center">507 (100)</td>
                  <td align="center">Leve = 372 (73)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 ano</td>
                  <td align="center">112 (22)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(22)</td>
                  <td align="center">Canad&#225;</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Novembro de 2013</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Moderada = 117 (23)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Grave = 18 (3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>McCarthy, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                  <td align="center">365</td>
                  <td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Novembro de 2011 a</td>
                  <td align="center">34.576</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">Ausente/m&#237;nimo = 6.772 (19)</td>
                  <td align="center">Intra-hospitalar</td>
                  <td align="center">3.993 (11)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(6)</td>
                  <td align="center">(Registro do STS)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Mar&#231;o de 2015</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Leve = 19.393 (56)</td>
                  <td align="center">e 1 ano</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Moderada = 6.687 (19)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Grave = 1.724 (5)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Medvedofsky, 2020</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Maio de 2007 a</td>
                  <td align="center">334</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">N&#227;o grave = 329 (98)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 ano</td>
                  <td align="center">80 (24)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(12)</td>
                  <td align="center">(Washington)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Mar&#231;o de 2014</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Grave = 5 (2)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Omar, 2020</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Agosto de 2014 a</td>
                  <td align="center">174</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 76 (44)</td>
                  <td align="center">166 (95)</td>
                  <td align="center">Leve = 124 (71)</td>
                  <td align="center">Intra-hospitalar</td>
                  <td align="center">13 (7)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(23)</td>
                  <td align="center">(Fl&#243;rida)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Janeiro de 2017</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">SEV 98 (56)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Moderada = 34 (19)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Grave = 16 (9)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Schwartz, 2016</td>
                  <td align="center">Israel</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Mar&#231;o de 2009 a</td>
                  <td align="center">519</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">Leve = 460 (89)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 dias e</td>
                  <td align="center">108 (21)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(24)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Junho de 2014</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Moderada = 44 (8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1,5 &#177; 1,17 anos</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Grave = 15 (3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Schymik, 2015</td>
                  <td align="center">Multic&#234;ntrico</td>
                  <td align="center">99</td>
                  <td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Julho de 2010 a</td>
                  <td align="center">2.688</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 2.688 (100)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.685 (62)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; mod = 2.089 (85)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 ano</td>
                  <td align="center">515 (19)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(25)</td>
                  <td align="center">(17 pa&#237;ses)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Novembro de 2011</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 343 (14)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sultan, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Julho de 2011 a</td>
                  <td align="center">457</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 369 (80)</td>
                  <td align="center">337 (74)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; mod = 387 (85)</td>
                  <td align="center">23 &#177; 14 meses</td>
                  <td align="center">103 (22)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(26)</td>
                  <td align="center">(Pittsburgh)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Janeiro de 2016</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">SEV 87 (20)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 70 (15)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Veulemans, 2019</td>
                  <td align="center">Alemanha</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">Retrospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">2009 a 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">874</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">737 (84)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; mod = 723 (83)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 ano</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (11)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(27)</td>
                  <td align="center">(D&#252;sseldorf)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 151 (17)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Wendler, 2017</td>
                  <td align="center">Europa</td>
                  <td align="center">80</td>
                  <td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">Julho de 2014 a</td>
                  <td align="center">1.946</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 1.946 (100)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.694 (87)</td>
                  <td align="center">&lt; mod = 1.470 (89)</td>
                  <td align="center">1 ano</td>
                  <td align="center">245 (13)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(28)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Outubro de 2015</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 180 (11)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Worku, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">EUA</td>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">Prospectivo</td>
                  <td align="center">2009 a 2014</td>
                  <td align="center">369</td>
                  <td align="center">BEV 359 (97)</td>
                  <td align="center">230 (62)</td>
                  <td align="center">Leve = 311 (84)</td>
                  <td align="center">30 dias e</td>
                  <td align="center">74 (20)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(29)</td>
                  <td align="center">(New York)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">SEV 10 (3)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Moderada = 28 (7)</td>
                  <td align="center">610 dias (m&#233;dia)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">Grave = 30 (8)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1">
                <p>Os valores s&#227;o m&#233;dia &#177; DP ou n (%). Todos os estudos consideraram valores &lt; 0,05 para indicar a signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica. BEV: valva a&#243;rtica transcateter expans&#237;vel por bal&#227;o; mod: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide moderada; N&#176;.: n&#250;mero; nr: n&#227;o relatado; ref.: refer&#234;ncia; IT: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide; SEV: valva a&#243;rtica transcateter autoexpans&#237;vel; TAVR: substitui&#231;&#227;o da valva a&#243;rtica transcateter. * Taxa de mortalidade por todas as causas relatada no seguimento mais longo. &#8224; Mortalidade por todas as causas em 1 ano de seguimento.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Popula&#231;&#227;o do estudo</title>
        <p>Foram inclu&#237;dos mais de 45.000 pacientes de aproximadamente 600 centros de sa&#250;de em todo o mundo. A idade m&#233;dia foi de 81,7 &#177; 8,5 anos, com 52% da popula&#231;&#227;o sendo do sexo feminino, e a pontua&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dia da Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) foi de 8,2 &#177; 6,0. Aproximadamente 22% dos pacientes apresentavam IT moderada ou grave na linha de base. As caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas e os par&#226;metros ecocardiogr&#225;ficos basais est&#227;o listados nas <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">Tabelas 2</xref> e <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">3</xref> .</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas dos pacientes inclu&#237;dos</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Primeiro autor, ano</th>
                  <th>N&#176;. de participantes</th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>Classe funcional do</th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">(N&#176;. de ref.)</th>
                  <th>submetidos a TAVR</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Idade (anos)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Feminino (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Escore STS&#8224;</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">HT (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">DM (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">DAC (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">AVC/AIT (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">FA (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Marca-passo (%)</th>
                  <th>NYHA III/IV (%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Agasthi, 2020</td>
                  <td align="center">954</td>
                  <td align="center">80,9 &#177; 8,7</td>
                  <td align="center">392 (41)</td>
                  <td align="center">8,2 &#177; 5,2</td>
                  <td align="center">810 (85)</td>
                  <td align="center">337 (35)</td>
                  <td align="center">226 (27)&#8225;</td>
                  <td align="center">91 (9)</td>
                  <td align="center">410 (43)</td>
                  <td align="center">149 (16)</td>
                  <td align="center">720 (75)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(16)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Amat-santos, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">813</td>
                  <td align="center">81 &#177; 7</td>
                  <td align="center">522 (64)</td>
                  <td align="center">6,9 &#177; 5,1</td>
                  <td align="center">660 (82)</td>
                  <td align="center">306 (38)</td>
                  <td align="center">327 (41)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">201 (27)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">431 (72)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(5)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Barbanti, 2015</td>
                  <td align="center">518</td>
                  <td align="center">81,5 &#177; 8,4</td>
                  <td align="center">233 (45)</td>
                  <td align="center">8,3 &#177; 5,2</td>
                  <td align="center">402 (78)</td>
                  <td align="center">156 (30)</td>
                  <td align="center">173 (33)&#8225;</td>
                  <td align="center">76 (15)</td>
                  <td align="center">198 (38)</td>
                  <td align="center">86 (17)</td>
                  <td align="center">449 (87)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(17)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Barvalia, 2017</td>
                  <td align="center">460</td>
                  <td align="center">81,7 &#177; 8</td>
                  <td align="center">251 (55)</td>
                  <td align="center">7,6 &#177; 4,8</td>
                  <td align="center">426 (97)</td>
                  <td align="center">185 (40)</td>
                  <td align="center">384 (84)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(18)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Gotzmann, 2011</td>
                  <td align="center">145</td>
                  <td align="center">79,1 &#177; 6,4</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">EuroSCORE log&#237;stico&#8224;:</td>
                  <td align="center">127 (88)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">138 (95)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(19)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">21 &#177; 16,2</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hutter, 2013</td>
                  <td align="center">268</td>
                  <td align="center">80,9 &#177; 6,5</td>
                  <td align="center">167 (62)</td>
                  <td align="center">6,3 &#177; 4,2</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">142 (53)</td>
                  <td align="center">36 (13)</td>
                  <td align="center">62 (23)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">268 (100)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(20)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Kjonas, 2019</td>
                  <td align="center">218</td>
                  <td align="center">81,8 &#177; 7,1</td>
                  <td align="center">98 (45)</td>
                  <td align="center">5,6 &#177; 4,0</td>
                  <td align="center">148 (68)</td>
                  <td align="center">62 (28)</td>
                  <td align="center">82 (38)&#8225;</td>
                  <td align="center">52 (24)</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (46)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">187 (86)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(21)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Lindman, 2015</td>
                  <td align="center">507</td>
                  <td align="center">84,6 &#177; 8,5</td>
                  <td align="center">253 (50)</td>
                  <td align="center">10,5 &#177; 5,5</td>
                  <td align="center">458 (90)</td>
                  <td align="center">178 (35)</td>
                  <td align="center">322 (63)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">186 (37)</td>
                  <td align="center">96 (19)</td>
                  <td align="center">242 (48)&#167;</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(22)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>McCarthy, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">34.576</td>
                  <td align="center">81,7 &#177; 8,8</td>
                  <td align="center">16.844 (49)</td>
                  <td align="center">8,3 &#177; 6,0</td>
                  <td align="center">30.737 (89)</td>
                  <td align="center">12.842 (37)</td>
                  <td align="center">23.873 (69)</td>
                  <td align="center">4.240 (12)</td>
                  <td align="center">14.199 (41)</td>
                  <td align="center">5.702 (16)</td>
                  <td align="center">28.129 (81)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Medvedofsky, 2020</td>
                  <td align="center">334</td>
                  <td align="center">83 &#177; 8,0</td>
                  <td align="center">197 (59)</td>
                  <td align="center">9,2 &#177; 5</td>
                  <td align="center">314 (94)</td>
                  <td align="center">110 (33)</td>
                  <td align="center">63 (19)&#8225;</td>
                  <td align="center">41 (13)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                  <td align="center">283 (88)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(12)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Omar, 2020</td>
                  <td align="center">174</td>
                  <td align="center">83,5 [78,4&#8211;88,0]</td>
                  <td align="center">84 (48)</td>
                  <td align="center">7,3 [4,7&#8211;13,6]</td>
                  <td align="center">159 (91)</td>
                  <td align="center">59 (34)</td>
                  <td align="center">80 (46)&#8225;</td>
                  <td align="center">18 (10)</td>
                  <td align="center">75 (43)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">158 (91)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(23)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Schwartz, 2016</td>
                  <td align="center">519</td>
                  <td align="center">85,6 &#177; 6</td>
                  <td align="center">296 (57)</td>
                  <td align="center">EuroSCORE&#8224;:</td>
                  <td align="center">452 (87)</td>
                  <td align="center">182 (35)</td>
                  <td align="center">311 (60)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">85 (16)</td>
                  <td align="center">54 (10)</td>
                  <td align="center">483 (93)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(24)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">20,5 &#177; 14</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Schymik, 2015</td>
                  <td align="center">2.688</td>
                  <td align="center">81,4 &#177; 6,6</td>
                  <td align="center">1.550 (58)</td>
                  <td align="center">7,9 &#177; 6,6</td>
                  <td align="center">2.175 (81)</td>
                  <td align="center">791 (29)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.188 (44)</td>
                  <td align="center">345 (13)</td>
                  <td align="center">685 (26)</td>
                  <td align="center">304 (11)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.057 (77)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(25)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sultan, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">457</td>
                  <td align="center">84,0 [52,0&#8211;97,0]</td>
                  <td align="center">222 (49)</td>
                  <td align="center">7,8 (1,0-38,0)</td>
                  <td align="center">408 (89)</td>
                  <td align="center">177 (39)</td>
                  <td align="center">171 (37)&#8225;</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">206 (45)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">444 (97)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(26)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Veulemans, 2019</td>
                  <td align="center">874</td>
                  <td align="center">80,5 &#177; 6,1</td>
                  <td align="center">469 (54)</td>
                  <td align="center">6,8 &#177; 6,6</td>
                  <td align="center">819 (94)</td>
                  <td align="center">283 (32)</td>
                  <td align="center">645 (74)</td>
                  <td align="center">174 (20)</td>
                  <td align="center">285 (33)</td>
                  <td align="center">112 (13)</td>
                  <td align="center">616 (70)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(27)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Wendler, 2017</td>
                  <td align="center">1.946</td>
                  <td align="center">81,5 &#177; 6,7</td>
                  <td align="center">934 (48)</td>
                  <td align="center">EuroSCORE log&#237;stico&#8224;:</td>
                  <td align="center">1.591 (82)</td>
                  <td align="center">575 (29)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.002 (51)</td>
                  <td align="center">376 (19)</td>
                  <td align="center">424 (23)</td>
                  <td align="center">230 (12)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.378 (73)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(28)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">13,96 [8,97, 22,78] &#8211; TF</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">17,83 [11,40, 29,25] &#8211; n&#227;o TF</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Worku, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">369</td>
                  <td align="center">86,4</td>
                  <td align="center">193 (52)</td>
                  <td align="center">9,8</td>
                  <td align="center">325 (88)</td>
                  <td align="center">122 (33)</td>
                  <td align="center">74 (20)&#8225;</td>
                  <td align="center">82 (22)</td>
                  <td align="center">142 (39)</td>
                  <td align="center">67 (18)</td>
                  <td align="center">234 (63)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(29)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2">
                <p>Os valores s&#227;o m&#233;dia &#177; DP ou mediana (m&#237;n-m&#225;x) ou [intervalo interquartil] ou n (%). AIT: ataque isqu&#234;mico transit&#243;rio; AVC: acidente vascular cerebral; DAC: doen&#231;a arterial coronariana; DM: diabetes mellitus; EuroSCORE: European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; FA: fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial; HT: hipertens&#227;o; N&#176;.: n&#250;mero; nr: n&#227;o relatado; NYHA: New York Heart Association; ref.: refer&#234;ncia; STS: Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TAVR: substitui&#231;&#227;o da valva a&#243;rtica transcateter; TF: acesso transfemoral; &#8224; STS e EuroSCORE s&#227;o algoritmos baseados na presen&#231;a de doen&#231;as coexistentes para prever a mortalidade operat&#243;ria em 30 dias. &#8225; Caso n&#227;o claramente declarado, consideramos como evid&#234;ncia de DAC os pacientes com infarto do mioc&#225;rdio (IM) pr&#233;vio. &#167; Incluiu apenas pacientes NYHA IV.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3">
            <label>Tabela 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Caracter&#237;sticas ecocardiogr&#225;ficas dos pacientes inclu&#237;dos</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Primeiro autor, ano</th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>Gradiente</th>
                  <th>AVA</th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>IM</th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">(N&#176;. de ref.)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">FEVE m&#233;dia (%)</th>
                  <th>m&#233;dio (mmHg)</th>
                  <th>m&#233;dia (cm<sup>2</sup>)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">PSAP</th>
                  <th>mod/grave (%)</th>
                  <th style="font-weight:normal">Disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD (%)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Agasthi, 2020</td>
                  <td align="center">57,1 &#177; 13,1</td>
                  <td align="center">43,2 &#177; 13,6</td>
                  <td align="center">0,87 &#177; 0,33</td>
                  <td align="center">42,3 &#177; 14,4&#8224;</td>
                  <td align="center">46 (5)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(16)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Amat-santos, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">60 [52-70] &#8211; IT &lt; 2</td>
                  <td align="center">47 [39-56] &#8211; IT &lt; 2</td>
                  <td align="center">0,62 [0,5-0,8] &#8211; IT &lt; 2</td>
                  <td align="center">47,2 &#177; 16,8 &#8211; IT &lt; 2</td>
                  <td align="center">303 (40)</td>
                  <td align="center">ESPAT:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(5)</td>
                  <td align="center">60 [50-65] &#8211; IT &#8805; 2</td>
                  <td align="center">44 [36-59] &#8211; IT &#8805; 2</td>
                  <td align="center">0,64 [0,5-0,8] &#8211; IT &#8805; 2</td>
                  <td align="center">49,8 &#177; 16,6 &#8211; IT &#8805; 2</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">21 [19-23] &#8211; IT &lt; 2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">20 [17-22] &#8211; IT &#8805; 2</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Barbanti, 2015</td>
                  <td align="center">53,9 &#177; 13,9</td>
                  <td align="center">42,2 &#177; 16,3</td>
                  <td align="center">0,7 &#177; 0,4</td>
                  <td align="center">43,7 &#177; 17,8</td>
                  <td align="center">208 (40)</td>
                  <td align="center">DDGVD:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(17)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">39,9 &#177; 7,3</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Barvalia, 2017</td>
                  <td align="center">50,9 &#177; 14,9</td>
                  <td align="center">47,6 &#177; 15,5</td>
                  <td align="center">0,67 &#177; 0,24</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">80 (17)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(18)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Gotzmann, 2011</td>
                  <td align="center">55,8 &#177; 12,2</td>
                  <td align="center">46,6 &#177; 13,7</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">91 (63) &#8211; PSAP &gt; 25 mmHg</td>
                  <td align="center">83 (57)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(19)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Hutter, 2013</td>
                  <td align="center">44 (16) &#8211; FEVE &lt; 35%</td>
                  <td align="center">48,7 &#177; 16,7</td>
                  <td align="center">0,64 &#177; 0,18</td>
                  <td align="center">62 (23) &#8211; PSAP &gt; 60</td>
                  <td align="center">60 (22)</td>
                  <td align="center">45 (17)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(20)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Kjonas, 2019</td>
                  <td align="center">110 (50) &#8211; FEVE &#8805; 50%</td>
                  <td align="center">51,6 &#177; 14,8</td>
                  <td align="center">0,63 &#177; 0,2</td>
                  <td align="center">21 (10) &#8211; PSAP &gt; 60</td>
                  <td align="center">45 (21)</td>
                  <td align="center">ESPAT:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(21)</td>
                  <td align="center">79 (36) &#8211; FEVE 31-49%</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">1,6 &#177; 0,5</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">23 (10) &#8211; FEVE &#8804; 30%</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Lindman, 2015</td>
                  <td align="center">51,2 &#177; 12,6</td>
                  <td align="center">45,5 &#177; 13,7</td>
                  <td align="center">0,34 &#177; 0,09*</td>
                  <td align="center">40 (32-52) &#8211; ausente/leve IT</td>
                  <td align="center">147 (29)</td>
                  <td align="center">162 (34)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(22)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">44 (35-58) &#8211; IT mod</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">43 (30-52) &#8211; IT grave</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>McCarthy, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">53,2 &#177; 14,1</td>
                  <td align="center">44,2 &#177; 15,0</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">46,2 &#177; 15,0&#8224;</td>
                  <td align="center">10183 (29)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(6)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Medvedofsky, 2020</td>
                  <td align="center">53 &#177; 14</td>
                  <td align="center">49 &#177; 13</td>
                  <td align="center">0,44 &#177; 0,09</td>
                  <td align="center">45 &#177; 16</td>
                  <td align="center">4 (1)</td>
                  <td align="center">63 (19)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(12)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Omar, 2020</td>
                  <td align="center">57,5 [43&#8211;65]</td>
                  <td align="center">42 &#177; 15</td>
                  <td align="center">0,69 &#177; 0,2</td>
                  <td align="center">46,0 &#177; 15,3&#8224;</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(23)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Schwartz, 2016</td>
                  <td align="center">56,3 &#177; 9</td>
                  <td align="center">46,9 &#177; 15</td>
                  <td align="center">0,71 &#177; 0,18</td>
                  <td align="center">42,5 &#177; 15</td>
                  <td align="center">109 (21)</td>
                  <td align="center">84 (16)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(24)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Schymik, 2015</td>
                  <td align="center">54,4 &#177; 12,5</td>
                  <td align="center">47,6 &#177; 16,2</td>
                  <td align="center">0,7 &#177; 0,2</td>
                  <td align="center">44,9 &#177; 14,9</td>
                  <td align="center">519 (20)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(25)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Sultan, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">53,9 &#177; 13,4</td>
                  <td align="center">48,0 &#177; 15,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,63 &#177; 0,18</td>
                  <td align="center">44,1 &#177; 16,8</td>
                  <td align="center">55 (12)</td>
                  <td align="center">DDGVD &lt; 16:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(26)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td align="center">139 (30)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Veulemans, 2019</td>
                  <td align="center">51,4 &#177; 12,5</td>
                  <td align="center">37,0 &#177; 16,4</td>
                  <td align="center">0,7 &#177; 0,2</td>
                  <td align="center">510 (58) &#8211; PSAP &#8805; 25 mmHg</td>
                  <td align="center">155 (18)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(27)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Wendler, 2017</td>
                  <td align="center">100 (6) &#8211; FEVE &lt; 30%</td>
                  <td align="center">44,1 &#177; 16,0</td>
                  <td align="center">0,73 &#177; 0,210</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                  <td align="center">249 (14)</td>
                  <td align="center">nr</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(28)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Worku, 2018</td>
                  <td align="center">51,6</td>
                  <td align="center">45,6</td>
                  <td align="center">0,7</td>
                  <td align="center">59,4</td>
                  <td align="center">78 (21)</td>
                  <td align="center">31 (8)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>(29)</td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                  <td> </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3">
                <p>Os valores s&#227;o m&#233;dia &#177; DP ou mediana (m&#237;n-m&#225;x) ou [intervalo interquartil] ou n (%). AVA: &#225;rea da valva a&#243;rtica; DDGVD: di&#226;metro diast&#243;lico final do ventr&#237;culo direito; ESPAT: excurs&#227;o sist&#243;lica do plano anular tric&#250;spide; FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; mod: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide moderada; nr: n&#227;o relatado; PSAP: press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar; ref.: refer&#234;ncia; IM: insufici&#234;ncia mitral; IT: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide; VD: ventr&#237;culo direito. * &#193;rea da valva a&#243;rtica indexada &#224; superf&#237;cie corporal. &#8224; Na aus&#234;ncia da PSAP, foi relatada a press&#227;o sist&#243;lica do VD.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Estimativas de risco e avalia&#231;&#245;es de vi&#233;s</title>
        <p>A maioria dos estudos relatou compara&#231;&#245;es padr&#227;o (IT ausente/leve vs. moderada/grave) para a mortalidade por todas as causas. Em estudos com seguimento de curto prazo, as an&#225;lises de RC n&#227;o ajustada foram as mais relatadas, enquanto as compara&#231;&#245;es ajustadas por RR foram relatadas principalmente por estudos com seguimento de m&#233;dio prazo. Embora altamente vari&#225;veis entre os estudos, as covari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas e ecocardiogr&#225;ficas [idade, sexo, STS/EuroSCORE, hipertens&#227;o, diabetes, fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA), classe funcional da New York Heart Association (NYHA), FEVE, IM e press&#227;o sist&#243;lica da art&#233;ria pulmonar (PSAP)] foram inclu&#237;das nos modelos ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Tabela complementar 1</ext-link> ). O risco geral de vi&#233;s foi baixo ou moderado em todos os estudos, com exce&#231;&#227;o de um<sup>5</sup> (Kappa = 0.72 [95% CI, 0.54-0.89]) ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Tabela complementar 2</ext-link> ).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise prim&#225;ria: IT ausente/leve vs. IT moderada/grave</title>
        <p>Aos 30 dias ap&#243;s a TAVR, a IT moderada/grave foi associada a um risco aumentado de mortalidade por todas as causas quando comparada a IT ausente/leve (RR 1,65; IC95% 1,20-2,29; I<sup>2</sup> = 25,7%; p = 0,224). Ap&#243;s um seguimento m&#233;dio de 1,2 ano, a an&#225;lise agrupada de 14 estudos tamb&#233;m revelou que graus mais altos de IT foram associados a um pior progn&#243;stico (RR 1,56; IC95% 1,31-1,84; I<sup>2</sup> = 44,1%; p = 0,039) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figuras 2</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04">3</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f03">
            <label>Figura 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Gr&#225;fico de floresta comparando a mortalidade por todas as causas (30 dias) entre pacientes com graus basais de IT ausente/leve e moderada/grave. IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; mod: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide moderada; RC: raz&#227;o de chances; RR: raz&#227;o de risco; IT: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf03.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f04">
            <label>Figura 3</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Gr&#225;fico de floresta comparando a mortalidade por todas as causas (1,2 ano) entre pacientes com graus basais de IT ausente/leve e moderada/grave. FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; mod: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide moderada; RC: raz&#227;o de chances; RR: raz&#227;o de risco; IT: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf04.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Na an&#225;lise de sensibilidade <italic>leave-one-out</italic> , as taxas de risco variaram de 1,20-3,0 (curto prazo) e 1,26-1,92 (m&#233;dio prazo), indicando que a estimativa agrupada era robusta e n&#227;o influenciada por um &#250;nico estudo. A an&#225;lise de subgrupo mostrou menos heterogeneidade [I<sup>2</sup> = 0%; p = 0,489 (n&#227;o ajustado) e I<sup>2</sup> = 39,6%; p = 0,094 (ajustado)] quando os estudos foram agrupados de acordo com estimativas de risco univariadas/multivariadas. A an&#225;lise de metarregress&#227;o revelou que a propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com IT significativa em cada estudo n&#227;o alterou a associa&#231;&#227;o entre a IT e a mortalidade por todas as causas (p = 0,676). Essas an&#225;lises revelaram a aus&#234;ncia de vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o, ou seja, gr&#225;ficos de funil sim&#233;tricos e p &gt; 0,05 para todos os testes de regress&#227;o linear de Egger ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Figuras complementares 1&#8211;3</ext-link> ).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise secund&#225;ria: mortalidade e gravidade da IT</title>
        <p>No curto prazo, n&#227;o observamos diferen&#231;as estatisticamente significativas na mortalidade por todas as causas entre pacientes com IT moderada e aqueles com IT ausente/leve (RR 4,14; IC95% 0,73-23,45), apesar da alta heterogeneidade (I<sup>2</sup> = 93,1%; p &lt; 0,001). No entanto, a IT grave foi associada a um aumento de 83% na mortalidade quando comparada &#224; IT ausente/leve (RR 1,83; IC95% 1,47-2,28; I<sup>2</sup> = 0%; p = 0,380) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05">Figura 4</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f05">
            <label>Figura 4</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Gr&#225;fico de floresta comparando a mortalidade por todas as causas (30 dias) em pacientes com graus crescentes de IT. IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; mod: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide moderada; RC: raz&#227;o de chances; RR: raz&#227;o de risco; IT: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf05.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>A m&#233;dio prazo (m&#233;dia de 318 dias), ao comparar pacientes com IT ausente/m&#237;nimo com aqueles com IT leve (RR 0,88; IC95% 0,77-1,00) e IT moderada (RR 1,17; IC95% 0,91-1,51), n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as nas taxas de risco de mortalidade. Por&#233;m, a IT grave foi associada a um risco significativamente aumentado de mortalidade por todas as causas quando comparada &#224; IT ausente/m&#237;nimo (RR 1,57; IC95% 1,05-2,36), embora com heterogeneidade moderada (I<sup>2</sup> = 66,1%; p = 0,031) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06">Figura 5</xref> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f06">
            <label>Figura 5</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Gr&#225;fico de floresta comparando a mortalidade por todas as causas (318 dias) em pacientes com graus crescentes de IT. FEVE: fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; mod: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide moderada; RC: raz&#227;o de chances; RR: raz&#227;o de risco; IT: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf06.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Outros desfechos</title>
        <p>Os detalhes sobre a mortalidade cardiovascular e re-hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o por ICa s&#227;o mostrados na <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Tabela complementar 3</ext-link> . Em geral, as estimativas de risco mais alto de desfechos foram observadas em indiv&#237;duos com graus de IT mais altos.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lises adicionais: altera&#231;&#245;es na gravidade da IT ap&#243;s a TAVR</title>
        <p>Treze estudos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> somando 709 pacientes relataram graus de IT pr&#233;- e p&#243;s-TAVR. Os detalhes dos estudos e as caracter&#237;sticas dos pacientes s&#227;o mostrados na Tabela complementar 4. Com exce&#231;&#227;o de dois estudos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref></sup> (que avaliaram apenas graus de IT graves), todos os outros relataram mudan&#231;as nos graus de IT moderada/grave p&#243;s-TAVR. Oito estudos reavaliaram os graus de IT no curto prazo (at&#233; 30 dias), e oito estudos revisitaram os graus de IT ap&#243;s 30 dias (m&#233;dia = 12,5 meses).</p>
        <p>No dia 30 ap&#243;s a TAVR, a gravidade da IT diminuiu em pelo menos um grau em 43% dos pacientes (IC95% 0,30-0,56; I<sup>2</sup> = 85,6%; p &lt; 0,001). Em um seguimento m&#233;dio de 12,5 meses, 44% dos pacientes apresentaram melhora nos graus de IT ap&#243;s a TAVR (IC95% 0,35-0,52; I<sup>2</sup> = 61,6%; p = 0,01) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f07">Figuras 6</xref> e <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f08">7</xref> ). As an&#225;lises de metarregress&#227;o revelaram que as melhorias nos graus da IT (a curto e m&#233;dio prazo) n&#227;o foram influenciadas pela propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com FA ou disfun&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo direito (VD)ou pelos valores de PSAP (p &gt; 0,05 para todos).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f07">
            <label>Figura 6</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Altera&#231;&#245;es nos graus de IT moderada/grave 30 dias p&#243;s-TAVR. IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; IT: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide; TE: tamanho do efeito.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf07.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f08">
            <label>Figura 7</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Altera&#231;&#245;es nos graus de IT moderada/grave em m&#233;dio prazo p&#243;s-TAVR. IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; IT: insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide; TE: tamanho do efeito.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf08.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
        <p>Na an&#225;lise agrupada, a persist&#234;ncia dos graus de IT moderada/grave ap&#243;s um seguimento m&#233;dio de 21 meses p&#243;s-TAVR foi associada &#224; mortalidade por todas as causas (RR 2,12; IC95% 1,53-2,92; I<sup>2</sup> = 0%, p = 0,901) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f09">Figura 8</xref> ). N&#227;o foi detectada nenhuma altera&#231;&#227;o significativa no tamanho de efeito geral ap&#243;s a realiza&#231;&#227;o de uma an&#225;lise de sensibilidade leave-one-out, e n&#227;o foi registrada nenhuma evid&#234;ncia de vi&#233;s de publica&#231;&#227;o entre os estudos ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Figuras complementares 4</ext-link> e <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">5</ext-link> ).</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f09">
            <label>Figura 8</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Gr&#225;fico de floresta comparando a mortalidade por todas as causas entre pacientes com persist&#234;ncia e melhora dos graus de IT p&#243;s-TAVR. IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a; RC: raz&#227;o de chances; RR: raz&#227;o de risco.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf09.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="discussion">
      <title>Discuss&#227;o</title>
      <p>Esta metan&#225;lise com 23 estudos incluindo mais de 45.000 pacientes e avaliando a associa&#231;&#227;o entre IT e desfechos cl&#237;nicos ap&#243;s a TAVR tem tr&#234;s achados principais. Primeiro, a IT moderada ou grave na linha de base foi associada ao aumento da mortalidade por todas as causas, tanto em 30 dias quanto no m&#233;dio prazo (1,2 ano); segundo, observou-se um gradiente entre a gravidade da IT e a mortalidade. Pacientes com IT grave tiveram pelo menos 57% de aumento no risco de morte no m&#233;dio prazo (318 dias) quando comparados &#224;queles com IT ausente/m&#237;nimo. Em terceiro lugar, ap&#243;s a TAVR, a gravidade da IT melhorou em pelo menos um grau em &gt; 40% dos pacientes. Pacientes sem melhora quanto &#224; gravidade da IT ap&#243;s o procedimento apresentaram piores desfechos. Nossos resultados confirmam os principais achados de metan&#225;lises semelhantes nesse campo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref></sup> De forma exclusiva, al&#233;m de incluirmos dados de um registro recente e amplo da STS,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> avaliamos a associa&#231;&#227;o entre altera&#231;&#227;o do grau de IT e mortalidade subsequente e demonstramos um gradiente com a maior mortalidade observada entre os pacientes com IT grave. Por fim, tamb&#233;m analisamos as altera&#231;&#245;es na gravidade da IT ap&#243;s a TAVR e a associa&#231;&#227;o entre IT significativa persistente e a sobrevida.</p>
      <p>A rela&#231;&#227;o entre IT concomitante e o progn&#243;stico recebeu pouca aten&#231;&#227;o em estudos tradicionais de TAVR, com achados controversos sendo descritos. Embora v&#225;rios relatos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> tenham sugerido aumento da mortalidade quando IT significativa foi detectada pr&#233;-procedimento, outros observaram que essa associa&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o era mais significativa ap&#243;s o ajuste multivariado<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> ou que existia apenas quando a IT significativa persistia ap&#243;s a TAVR,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> independentemente da gravidade basal da IT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> Ainda que os pacientes com IT moderada/grave tenham apresentado mais comorbidades e maiores riscos,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> depois de agrupar os resultados de todos os ajustes multivariados, na nossa metan&#225;lise, a presen&#231;a de IT significativa permaneceu relacionada a um pior progn&#243;stico ap&#243;s a TAVR.</p>
      <p>Ainda n&#227;o est&#225; claro se a IT representa um marcador substituto de doen&#231;a tardia ou um fator de risco em si. A rela&#231;&#227;o independente entre a IT e um pior progn&#243;stico ap&#243;s a TAVR foi relatada em cen&#225;rios de FEVE maior que 30 a 40%<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> ou com graus menores de IM,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> possivelmente apontando para mecanismos org&#226;nicos de IT n&#227;o pass&#237;veis de AVR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> De forma controversa, uma an&#225;lise de subgrupo feita por Gotzmann et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> sugeriu que a etiologia subjacente da IT (org&#226;nica ou funcional) n&#227;o teve impacto incremental na mortalidade por todas as causas p&#243;s-TAVR. Embora n&#227;o possamos garantir, uma vez que 44% dos pacientes com IT melhoraram em pelo menos um grau ap&#243;s a TAVR, &#233; razo&#225;vel supor que, na nossa metan&#225;lise, um n&#250;mero significativo de etiologias da IT foi secund&#225;rio. Al&#233;m disso, observamos mais do que o dobro de risco de mortalidade por todas as causas em pacientes com IT moderada/grave persistente ap&#243;s a TAVR.</p>
      <p>Hipertens&#227;o pulmonar sustentada,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> FA,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> di&#226;metro do anel tric&#250;spide<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> e dilata&#231;&#227;o do VD<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> s&#227;o os principais fatores associados &#224; n&#227;o melhora da IT ap&#243;s a TAVR. A rela&#231;&#227;o com a disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD &#233; controversa,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> porque, talvez, a dilata&#231;&#227;o do VD reflita melhor a cronicidade e a gravidade da sobrecarga do VD do que a fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> Talvez, mais importante do que a quantifica&#231;&#227;o isolada dos par&#226;metros, seja a avalia&#231;&#227;o conjunta do acoplamento ventr&#237;culo direito-art&#233;ria pulmonar, integrando o desempenho da unidade &#224; direita.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref></sup> Em nossa an&#225;lise de metarregress&#227;o, as melhorias nos graus de IT n&#227;o foram influenciadas pela propor&#231;&#227;o de pacientes com FA, disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD ou pelos valores da PSAP, mas v&#225;rios crit&#233;rios e m&#233;todos foram usados para definir essas vari&#225;veis.</p>
      <p>Reconhecer a associa&#231;&#227;o da IT e o pior progn&#243;stico p&#243;s-TAVR ajuda no manejo cl&#237;nico e influencia as decis&#245;es da equipe de cardiologia. A sele&#231;&#227;o apropriada do paciente &#233; crucial para o sucesso do procedimento<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref></sup> e, at&#233; o momento, al&#233;m da FEVE reduzida, n&#227;o h&#225; recomenda&#231;&#245;es sobre a import&#226;ncia das consequ&#234;ncias card&#237;acas anat&#244;micas ou funcionais da EA como um componente do algoritmo de decis&#227;o para AVR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Nossos achados refor&#231;am a necessidade de uma avalia&#231;&#227;o cuidadosa da IT antes da TAVR, incluindo melhores estratifica&#231;&#245;es de risco que possam identificar subgrupos de pacientes nos quais seja esperado que a evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica p&#243;s-TAVR seja pior. Essas recomenda&#231;&#245;es evitam a futilidade relacionada &#224; TAVR, a qual pode influenciar tanto a qualidade de vida quanto os custos com sa&#250;de.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Como o uso da TAVR est&#225; aumentando rapidamente, s&#227;o obrigat&#243;rias as avalia&#231;&#245;es dos benef&#237;cios antecipados de tratamentos cir&#250;rgicos para doen&#231;as multivalvares.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> Para os candidatos &#224; cirurgia, a inclus&#227;o de um reparo tric&#250;spide &#224; AVR cir&#250;rgica (SAVR) de cora&#231;&#227;o aberto pode levar a melhores desfechos do que a TAVR sem tratamento da IT ou posterior reparo cir&#250;rgico isolado da IT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> &#201; interessante notar que, embora as diretrizes atuais forne&#231;am recomenda&#231;&#245;es de classe I para anuloplastia da valva tric&#250;spide nesse cen&#225;rio,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref></sup> os desfechos da cirurgia tric&#250;spide podem n&#227;o ser os ideais.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">44</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, para a IT secund&#225;ria &#224; disfun&#231;&#227;o do VD, o reparo da valva tric&#250;spide pode, potencialmente, precipitar a insufici&#234;ncia VD grave secund&#225;ria ao aumento da p&#243;s-carga do VD e, nesse caso, a TAVR pode ser prefer&#237;vel, em detrimento &#224; SAVR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> Por todos os motivos mencionados, a estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco adequada, a avalia&#231;&#227;o cuidadosa da valva tric&#250;spide e os fatores associados que podem predizer a persist&#234;ncia de IT corroboram a decis&#227;o por TAVR em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; SAVR e podem levar a estrat&#233;gias alternativas de tratamento transcateter da IT, que devem ser testadas em estudos prospectivos randomizados.</p>
      <sec>
        <title>Limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo</title>
        <p>Em primeiro lugar, como este estudo se tratou de uma revis&#227;o sistem&#225;tica e metan&#225;lise de estudos n&#227;o randomizados, ele trouxe consigo as limita&#231;&#245;es inerentes da pesquisa observacional, apesar do rigor metodol&#243;gico robusto e das an&#225;lises de sensibilidade. Em segundo lugar, o n&#250;mero relativamente baixo de estudos limitou a an&#225;lise de desfechos diferentes da mortalidade por todas as causas. Em terceiro lugar, a an&#225;lise do grau de IT foi totalmente dependente de ecocardiogramas e, embora a maioria dos estudos realizasse avalia&#231;&#245;es de IT de acordo com as diretrizes padr&#227;o, alguns publicaram dados relatados no local.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> Em quarto lugar, reunir os graus de IT moderada e grave em um s&#243; grupo pode ter reunido pacientes com progn&#243;sticos diferentes. Por isso, avaliamos o risco incremental de cada grau de IT adicional e mostramos uma rela&#231;&#227;o do tipo &#8220;dose-resposta&#8221; com a sobrevida. Al&#233;m disso, &#233; interessante ressaltar que, recentemente, foi proposta uma nova classifica&#231;&#227;o para a IT,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45">45</xref></sup> pois foi demonstrado que, mesmo em pacientes com IT significante, a mortalidade aumenta &#224; medida que a IT se torna maci&#231;a ou torrencial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref></sup> Portanto, em estudos futuros, tamb&#233;m deve ser realizada uma an&#225;lise que reestratifique pacientes com IT grave.</p>
        <p>Apesar das limita&#231;&#245;es, a ampla coorte do nosso estudo e os achados robustos sugerem a necessidade de futuros ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados dedicados a avaliar o impacto da IT no progn&#243;stico da TAVR, incluindo a investiga&#231;&#227;o de fatores relacionados &#224; persist&#234;ncia da IT ap&#243;s a TAVR, o que, conforme demonstrado aqui, est&#225; associada a desfechos adversos.</p>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="conclusions">
      <title>Conclus&#245;es</title>
      <p>A presen&#231;a de IT significativa pr&#233;-TAVR est&#225; associada a maior mortalidade. Ainda que, geralmente, a gravidade da IT melhore p&#243;s-TAVR, a persist&#234;ncia de IT significativa est&#225; fortemente associada ao aumento da mortalidade. Nossos achados destacam a import&#226;ncia da IT pr&#233;- e p&#243;s-TAVR e podem ajudar a identificar pacientes que possam se beneficiar de uma vigil&#226;ncia mais cuidadosa nesse cen&#225;rio cl&#237;nico.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>* Material suplementar</title>
      <p>Para informa&#231;&#227;o adicional, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">clique aqui</ext-link> .</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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      <fn fn-type="other">
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    <fn-group>
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    <front-stub>
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        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Tricuspid Regurgitation and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
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          <name>
            <surname>Erbano</surname>
            <given-names>Bruna Olandoski</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Schio</surname>
            <given-names>Nicolle Amboni</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Renato Delascio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-3543-754X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Bignoto</surname>
            <given-names>Tiago Costa</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Olandoski</surname>
            <given-names>Marcia</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-4629-5938</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Luz</surname>
            <given-names>Raquel Silva Brito da</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-8587-875X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Carvalho</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Dagostin de</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8061-8905</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Erbano</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas Henrique Olandoski</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7180-5779</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ramos</surname>
            <given-names>Auristela Isabel de Oliveira</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Feres</surname>
            <given-names>Fausto</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1397-0634</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Faria</surname>
            <given-names>Jos&#233; Rocha</given-names>
            <suffix>Neto</suffix>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-5822-6622</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Baena</surname>
            <given-names>Cristina Pellegrino</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-4903-5274</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Siqueira</surname>
            <given-names>Dimytri Alexandre de Alvim</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o do Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia associado &#224; Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Pontif&#237;cia Universidade Cat&#243;lica do Paran&#225;, Curitiba, PR &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Duke University Hospital, Durham, North Carolina &#8211; USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Bruna Olandoski Erbano &#8226; Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia - Av. Dr. Dante Pazzanese, 500. Postal Code 04012-180, Vila Mariana, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: bruoe@hotmail.com</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p>The extent of cardiac damage associated with aortic stenosis has important prognostic implications after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, the role of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) in this clinical setting is still unclear.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objectives</title>
          <p>To explore the association between TR and mortality in patients undergoing TAVR and assess changes in TR severity post TAVR and its relationship with short and mid-term mortality.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p>Relevant databases were searched for articles published from inception until August 2020. Out of 414 screened studies, we selected 24 that reported the degree of TR pre or post TAVR. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality, and random effects meta-analysis models were conducted (at a significance level of 5%).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p>Seventeen studies reported associations between pre-TAVR TR and all-cause mortality (&gt; 45,000 participants) and thirteen accessed TR severity post TAVR (709 participants). Moderate/severe baseline TR was associated to higher all-cause mortality both at 30 days (HR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.20-2.29) and 1.2 years (HR 1.56; 95% CI, 1.31-1.84). After TAVR, 43% of patients presented a decrease of at least one grade in TR (30 days, 95% CI, 30-56%), sustained at 12.5 months in 44% of participants (95% CI, 35-52%). Persistence of significant TR was associated with a two-fold increase in all-cause mortality (HR 2.12; 95% CI, 1.53-2.92).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusions</title>
          <p>Significant TR pre TAVR is associated with higher mortality. Although TR severity may improve, the persistence of significant TR post TAVR is strongly associated with increased mortality. Our findings highlight the importance of a detailed assessment of TR pre and post TAVR and might help identify patients who may benefit from more careful surveillance in this scenario.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement</kwd>
        <kwd>Tricuspid Valve Insufficiency</kwd>
        <kwd>Mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Aortic Valve Stenosis</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01001">
          <label>Central Illustration</label>
          <caption>
            <title>: Tricuspid Regurgitation and Mortality in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
      </p>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>In the past two decades, mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has decreased.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> However, 5 years after TAVR, a mortality rate of almost 50% is attributed to cardiovascular causes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> As described by Genereux et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> the extent of cardiac damage secondary to aortic stenosis (AS) has important prognostic implications after AVR. In this regard, the association of mitral regurgitation (MR) severity and higher mortality rates after TAVR has been extensively studied.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> However, in a mild-to-moderate MR subgroup, tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was the prominent factor associated with a worse prognosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>Indeed, AS together with moderate/severe TR and/or pulmonary hypertension is associated with 21.3% of 1-year all-cause mortality regardless of AS treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> However, a large registry concluded that TR was only predictive of death after TAVR in patients with more than 30% left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> meaning the interplay between these valvopathies remains unclear. Nonetheless, little is known about changes in TR severity over time after TAVR. The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to explore the association between TR and mortality in patients undergoing TAVR, and to assess changes in TR severity post TAVR and its relationship with short- and mid-term mortality.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Search Strategy</title>
          <p>This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE),<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> and Cochrane<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> recommendations, and it was considered exempt from approval by an Institutional Review Board. Five electronic databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Web of Science, and LILACS) were searched for relevant articles using the following terms: TAVR OR AND tricuspid regurgitation AND prognosis/mortality ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Supplemental Material 1</ext-link> ). The search was performed from inception to August 2020, with no language restrictions. <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 1</xref> displays the PRISMA flow diagram. Two pairs of authors independently screened all titles and abstracts, and relevant records were selected for full review. Disagreements were resolved by consensus after consulting a senior reviewer. The reference lists of the retrieved papers and relevant reviews were also screened. Kappa statistics were used to determine the degree of inter-reviewer agreement.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f02001">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; PRISMA flowchart. PRISMA = Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. TAVR: transcatheter aortic valve replacement; TR: tricuspid regurgitation.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Eligibility Criteria</title>
          <p>We included studies that: (1) evaluated patients with TAVR due to AS; (2) reported TR grades by echocardiography (pre or post TAVR); (3) reported all-cause mortality as the primary outcome and cardiovascular mortality and hospitalization for heart failure (HF) as secondary outcomes, according to TR grade. We excluded studies that: (1) exclusively included patients with a bicuspid aortic valve and AS or those who underwent valve-in-valve procedures; (2) did not evaluate TR grades as recommended by echocardiography guidelines;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> or (3) had unclear reporting of variables, outcomes of interest, or combined outcomes, making it impossible to analyze the data. For quantitative analysis, we excluded studies that exclusively evaluated subgroup populations that differed from participants in the review. We selected the study with the largest sample when the same patient population was reported in multiple publications. Case reports, abstracts, reviews, editorials, and conference reports were excluded.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Data Extraction</title>
          <p>Data were gathered by 3 authors using a pre-defined data extraction sheet ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Supplemental Material 2</ext-link> ), which included study details, baseline patient demographics, clinical and echocardiographic characteristics, and outcomes of interest. Disagreements were resolved by consensus after consulting a senior author. If the baseline patient characteristics were separated by groups, wherever possible we pooled data attributable to the whole population using mean (SD).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Mortality and TR Severity</title>
          <p>The primary endpoint was defined as the incidence of all-cause mortality according to baseline TR degrees. Secondary endpoints included cardiac mortality and HF hospitalization. Studies were divided based on short- (endpoints evaluated until discharge or 30 days after TAVR) or mid-term follow-up (endpoints evaluated more than 30 days after TAVR).</p>
          <p>TR grades assessed by echocardiography were classified as none/trace, mild, moderate, or severe. Our primary analyses compared moderate/severe TR with none/trace/mild TR grades. The association of incremental TR grades and survival was also examined by comparing the risk of none/trivial TR mortality to mild, moderate, and severe TR (secondary analysis). One study<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> compared severe versus non-severe TR, which were included in the primary analysis.</p>
          <p>For our additional analyses, improvements in TR were defined by changes of at least one grade from baseline to post-TAVR. Meta-analyses were also conducted separated by follow-up times, and all-cause mortality was compared between patients whose TR severity improved after TAVR vs those whose TR worsened or remained unchanged.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Quality and Risk of Bias Assessments</title>
          <p>The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> was used to assess risk of bias. Two independent reviewers classified studies as having low (nine stars), medium (seven or eight stars), or high risk of bias (six or less stars). Any discrepancies were resolved by consensus.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical analysis</title>
          <p>The pooled estimates of all-cause mortality and 95% CIs of the included studies were obtained by random effects meta-analyses (DerSimonian &amp; Laird method, with heterogeneity estimates taken from the Mantel-Haenszel method), given only observational studies were included.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> The most comprehensively adjusted or (when unavailable) unadjusted odds ratios (OR), hazard ratios (HR), and associated 95% CIs were extracted from each study. If risk estimates were unavailable, we captured the relevant data by corresponding with authors, hand-calculating based on the available information, or calculating unadjusted HR based on published Kaplan&#8211;Meier curves.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> We assumed HR and OR to approximate the same measure of risk.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> In one case,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> the HR corresponding to none/mild versus moderate/severe TR was calculated based on the given HR of other comparisons (none/trace vs mild, moderate, and severe TR). Pooled estimates of mean differences in pre- and post-TAVR proportions of moderate/severe TR grades were calculated to assess changes in TR from baseline to follow-up. Between-study heterogeneity was assessed with I<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> statistic and classified as: &lt; 25% indicated low heterogeneity and &gt; 75% indicated high heterogeneity. Sensitivity analyses were performed by leave-one-out analysis, separating adjusted and unadjusted risk estimates. Meta-regression analyses were employed to test important covariates for the influence of potential effect modifiers. Publication bias was evaluated by funnel plot symmetry and Egger&#8217;s<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup> test (p-value &gt; 0.05 indicated no significant bias). All analyses were performed using Stata statistical software version 14.1 (StataCorp LP, College Station, Texas, USA).</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="results">
        <title>Results</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Study selection</title>
          <p>Electronic searches yielded 414 nonduplicate studies; 2 additional studies were selected manually. After title and abstract assessment, 88 studies were selected for full-text evaluation (Kappa = 0.86 [95% CI, 0.79-0.92]). Finally, 24 reports were deemed eligible and were included in our systematic review: 17 evaluating the impact of baseline TR on all-cause mortality after TAVR<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B16">16</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> and 13 in the additional analysis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> For quantitative analyses, we excluded 1 article<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> which evaluated a specific subgroup of patients with mild to moderate MR because it considered a divergent population with a probably higher proportion of patients with primary TR. A summary of the 17 selected studies is provided in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> . Eight studies reported data on 30-day outcomes, and 14 studies reported data on mid-term follow-up (mean of 1.2 years).</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t1001">
              <label>Table 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Main characteristics of the included studies</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="9%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">First author, year</th>
                    <th rowspan="2">Region</th>
                    <th>Number of</th>
                    <th>Study</th>
                    <th>Inclusion</th>
                    <th>No. of participants</th>
                    <th>Valve</th>
                    <th>Transfemoral</th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th>All-cause</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">(Ref. No.)</th>
                    <th>centers</th>
                    <th>design</th>
                    <th>period</th>
                    <th>undergoing TAVR</th>
                    <th>type (%)</th>
                    <th>access (%)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">TR severity (%)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">Follow-up</th>
                    <th>mortality (%)*</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Agasthi, 2020</td>
                    <td align="center">USA</td>
                    <td align="center">3</td>
                    <td align="center">Retrospective</td>
                    <td align="center">January 2012 to</td>
                    <td align="center">954</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 745 (78)</td>
                    <td align="center">726 (76)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; mod = 877 (92)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 year</td>
                    <td align="center">135 (14)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(16)</td>
                    <td align="center">(Mayo Clinic Hospitals)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">June 2017</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">SEV 209 (22)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 77 (8)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Amat-santos, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">Spain</td>
                    <td align="center">6</td>
                    <td align="center">Retrospective</td>
                    <td align="center">August 2007 to</td>
                    <td align="center">813</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 194 (24)</td>
                    <td align="center">813 (100)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; 2 = 602 (74)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 months</td>
                    <td align="center">84 (10)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(5)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">January 2015</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">SEV 608 (76)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">&#8805; 2 = 208 (26)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Barbanti, 2015</td>
                    <td align="center">Canada</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">Retrospective</td>
                    <td align="center">January 2007 to</td>
                    <td align="center">518</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 483 (93)</td>
                    <td align="center">343 (66)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; mod = 439 (85)</td>
                    <td align="center">30 days and</td>
                    <td align="center">118 (23)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(17)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">August 2012</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">SEV 35 (7)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 79 (15)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 years</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Barvalia, 2017</td>
                    <td align="center">USA</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">Retrospective</td>
                    <td align="center">2012 to 2015</td>
                    <td align="center">460</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 280 (61)</td>
                    <td align="center">330 (72)</td>
                    <td align="center">Mild = 352 (76)</td>
                    <td align="center">30 days</td>
                    <td align="center">25 (5)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(18)</td>
                    <td align="center">(New Jersey)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">SEV 180 (39)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Moderate = 32 (7)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Severe = 43 (9)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Gotzmann, 2011</td>
                    <td align="center">Germany</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">Prospective</td>
                    <td align="center">June 2008 to</td>
                    <td align="center">145</td>
                    <td align="center">SEV 145 (100)</td>
                    <td align="center">140 (96)</td>
                    <td align="center">Mild = 43 (30)</td>
                    <td align="center">6 months</td>
                    <td align="center">23 (16)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(19)</td>
                    <td align="center">(Bochum)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">September 2010</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Moderate = 46 (32)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Severe = 17 (12)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hutter, 2013</td>
                    <td align="center">Germany</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">Prospective</td>
                    <td align="center">June 2007 to</td>
                    <td align="center">268</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 74 (28)</td>
                    <td align="center">194 (72)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; mod = 197 (78)</td>
                    <td align="center">30 days and</td>
                    <td align="center">108 (40)&#8224;</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(20)</td>
                    <td align="center">(Munich)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">August 2009</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">SEV 194 (72)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 54 (21)</td>
                    <td align="center">2 years</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Kjonas, 2019</td>
                    <td align="center">Norway</td>
                    <td align="center">2</td>
                    <td align="center">Prospective</td>
                    <td align="center">February 2010 to</td>
                    <td align="center">218</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 170 (78)</td>
                    <td align="center">122 (56)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; mod = 168 (77)</td>
                    <td align="center">30 days</td>
                    <td align="center">19 (9)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(21)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">June 2013</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">SEV 48 (22)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 45 (21)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Lindman, 2015</td>
                    <td align="center">USA and</td>
                    <td align="center">57</td>
                    <td align="center">Prospective</td>
                    <td align="center">December 2011 to</td>
                    <td align="center">507</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 507 (100)</td>
                    <td align="center">507 (100)</td>
                    <td align="center">Mild = 372 (73)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 year</td>
                    <td align="center">112 (22)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(22)</td>
                    <td align="center">Canada</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">November 2013</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Moderate = 117 (23)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Severe = 18 (3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>McCarthy, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">USA</td>
                    <td align="center">365</td>
                    <td align="center">Retrospective</td>
                    <td align="center">November 2011 to</td>
                    <td align="center">34576</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">None/trace = 6772 (19)</td>
                    <td align="center">Intrahospital</td>
                    <td align="center">3993 (11)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(6)</td>
                    <td align="center">(STS registry)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">March 2015</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Mild = 19393 (56)</td>
                    <td align="center">and 1 year</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Moderate = 6687 (19)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Severe = 1724 (5)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Medvedofsky, 2020</td>
                    <td align="center">USA</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">Retrospective</td>
                    <td align="center">May 2007 to</td>
                    <td align="center">334</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">Non severe = 329 (98)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 year</td>
                    <td align="center">80 (24)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(12)</td>
                    <td align="center">(Washington)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">March 2014</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Severe = 5 (2)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Omar, 2020</td>
                    <td align="center">USA</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">Retrospective</td>
                    <td align="center">August 2014 to</td>
                    <td align="center">174</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 76 (44)</td>
                    <td align="center">166 (95)</td>
                    <td align="center">Mild = 124 (71)</td>
                    <td align="center">Intrahospital</td>
                    <td align="center">13 (7)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(23)</td>
                    <td align="center">(Florida)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">January 2017</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">SEV 98 (56)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Moderate = 34 (19)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Severe = 16 (9)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Schwartz, 2016</td>
                    <td align="center">Israel</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">Retrospective</td>
                    <td align="center">March 2009 to</td>
                    <td align="center">519</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">Mild = 460 (89)</td>
                    <td align="center">30 days and</td>
                    <td align="center">108 (21)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(24)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">June 2014</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Moderate = 44 (8)</td>
                    <td align="center">1.5 &#177; 1.17 years</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Severe = 15 (3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Schymik, 2015</td>
                    <td align="center">Multicenter</td>
                    <td align="center">99</td>
                    <td align="center">Prospective</td>
                    <td align="center">July 2010 to</td>
                    <td align="center">2688</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 2688 (100)</td>
                    <td align="center">1685 (62)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; mod = 2089 (85)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 year</td>
                    <td align="center">515 (19)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(25)</td>
                    <td align="center">(17 countries)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">November 2011</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 343 (14)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Sultan, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">USA</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">Retrospective</td>
                    <td align="center">July 2011 to</td>
                    <td align="center">457</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 369 (80)</td>
                    <td align="center">337 (74)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; mod = 387 (85)</td>
                    <td align="center">23 &#177; 14 months</td>
                    <td align="center">103 (22)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(26)</td>
                    <td align="center">(Pittsburgh)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">January 2016</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">SEV 87 (20)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 70 (15)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Veulemans, 2019</td>
                    <td align="center">Germany</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">Retrospective</td>
                    <td align="center">2009 to 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">874</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">737 (84)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; mod = 723 (83)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 year</td>
                    <td align="center">100 (11)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(27)</td>
                    <td align="center">(D&#252;sseldorf)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 151 (17)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Wendler, 2017</td>
                    <td align="center">Europe</td>
                    <td align="center">80</td>
                    <td align="center">Prospective</td>
                    <td align="center">July 2014 to</td>
                    <td align="center">1946</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 1946 (100)</td>
                    <td align="center">1694 (87)</td>
                    <td align="center">&lt; mod = 1470 (89)</td>
                    <td align="center">1 year</td>
                    <td align="center">245 (13)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(28)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">October 2015</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">&#8805; mod = 180 (11)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Worku, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">USA</td>
                    <td align="center">1</td>
                    <td align="center">Prospective</td>
                    <td align="center">2009 to 2014</td>
                    <td align="center">369</td>
                    <td align="center">BEV 359 (97)</td>
                    <td align="center">230 (62)</td>
                    <td align="center">Mild = 311 (84)</td>
                    <td align="center">30 days and</td>
                    <td align="center">74 (20)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(29)</td>
                    <td align="center">(New York)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">SEV 10 (3)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Moderate = 28 (7)</td>
                    <td align="center">610 days (mean)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">Severe = 30 (8)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN1001">
                  <p>Values are mean &#177; SD or n (%). All studies considered values &lt; 0.05 to indicate statistical significance. BEV: balloon-expandable transcatheter aortic valve; mod: moderate tricuspid regurgitation; No.: number; nr: not reported; Ref.: reference; SEV: self-expandable transcatheter aortic valve; TAVR: transcatheter aortic valve replacement; TR: tricuspid regurgitation. * All-cause mortality ratio reported at longest follow-up. &#8224; All-cause mortality at 1 year follow-up.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study population</title>
          <p>More than 45 000 patients from approximately 600 health centers worldwide were included. The mean age was 81.7 &#177; 8.5 years, 52% of them were female, the mean Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) score was 8.2 &#177; 6.0. Approximately 22% of patients had moderate or severe TR at baseline. The clinical features and baseline echocardiographic parameters are listed in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Tables 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">3</xref> .</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t2001">
              <label>Table 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Clinical characteristics of the included patients</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="8%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">First author, year</th>
                    <th>No. of participants</th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th>NYHA III/IV</th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">(Ref. No.)</th>
                    <th>undergoing TAVR</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">Age (years)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">Female (%)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">STS score&#8224;</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">HTN (%)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">DM (%)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">CAD (%)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">Stroke/TIA (%)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">AF (%)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">Pacemaker (%)</th>
                    <th>functional class (%)</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Agasthi, 2020</td>
                    <td align="center">954</td>
                    <td align="center">80.9 &#177; 8.7</td>
                    <td align="center">392 (41)</td>
                    <td align="center">8.2 &#177; 5.2</td>
                    <td align="center">810 (85)</td>
                    <td align="center">337 (35)</td>
                    <td align="center">226 (27)&#8225;</td>
                    <td align="center">91 (9)</td>
                    <td align="center">410 (43)</td>
                    <td align="center">149 (16)</td>
                    <td align="center">720 (75)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(16)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Amat-santos, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">813</td>
                    <td align="center">81 &#177; 7</td>
                    <td align="center">522 (64)</td>
                    <td align="center">6.9 &#177; 5.1</td>
                    <td align="center">660 (82)</td>
                    <td align="center">306 (38)</td>
                    <td align="center">327 (41)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">201 (27)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">431 (72)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(5)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Barbanti, 2015</td>
                    <td align="center">518</td>
                    <td align="center">81.5 &#177; 8.4</td>
                    <td align="center">233 (45)</td>
                    <td align="center">8.3 &#177; 5.2</td>
                    <td align="center">402 (78)</td>
                    <td align="center">156 (30)</td>
                    <td align="center">173 (33)&#8225;</td>
                    <td align="center">76 (15)</td>
                    <td align="center">198 (38)</td>
                    <td align="center">86 (17)</td>
                    <td align="center">449 (87)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(17)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Barvalia, 2017</td>
                    <td align="center">460</td>
                    <td align="center">81.7 &#177; 8</td>
                    <td align="center">251 (55)</td>
                    <td align="center">7.6 &#177; 4.8</td>
                    <td align="center">426 (97)</td>
                    <td align="center">185 (40)</td>
                    <td align="center">384 (84)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(18)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Gotzmann, 2011</td>
                    <td align="center">145</td>
                    <td align="center">79.1 &#177; 6.4</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">Logistic EuroSCORE&#8224;:</td>
                    <td align="center">127 (88)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">138 (95)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(19)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">21 &#177; 16.2</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hutter, 2013</td>
                    <td align="center">268</td>
                    <td align="center">80.9 &#177; 6.5</td>
                    <td align="center">167 (62)</td>
                    <td align="center">6.3 &#177; 4.2</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">142 (53)</td>
                    <td align="center">36 (13)</td>
                    <td align="center">62 (23)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">268 (100)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(20)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Kjonas, 2019</td>
                    <td align="center">218</td>
                    <td align="center">81.8 &#177; 7.1</td>
                    <td align="center">98 (45)</td>
                    <td align="center">5.6 &#177; 4.0</td>
                    <td align="center">148 (68)</td>
                    <td align="center">62 (28)</td>
                    <td align="center">82 (38)&#8225;</td>
                    <td align="center">52 (24)</td>
                    <td align="center">100 (46)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">187 (86)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(21)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Lindman, 2015</td>
                    <td align="center">507</td>
                    <td align="center">84.6 &#177; 8.5</td>
                    <td align="center">253 (50)</td>
                    <td align="center">10.5 &#177; 5.5</td>
                    <td align="center">458 (90)</td>
                    <td align="center">178 (35)</td>
                    <td align="center">322 (63)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">186 (37)</td>
                    <td align="center">96 (19)</td>
                    <td align="center">242 (48)&#167;</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(22)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>McCarthy, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">34576</td>
                    <td align="center">81.7 &#177; 8.8</td>
                    <td align="center">16844 (49)</td>
                    <td align="center">8.3 &#177; 6.0</td>
                    <td align="center">30737 (89)</td>
                    <td align="center">12842 (37)</td>
                    <td align="center">23873 (69)</td>
                    <td align="center">4240 (12)</td>
                    <td align="center">14199 (41)</td>
                    <td align="center">5702 (16)</td>
                    <td align="center">28129 (81)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Medvedofsky, 2020</td>
                    <td align="center">334</td>
                    <td align="center">83 &#177; 8.0</td>
                    <td align="center">197 (59)</td>
                    <td align="center">9.2 &#177; 5</td>
                    <td align="center">314 (94)</td>
                    <td align="center">110 (33)</td>
                    <td align="center">63 (19)&#8225;</td>
                    <td align="center">41 (13)</td>
                    <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                    <td align="center">0 (0)</td>
                    <td align="center">283 (88)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(12)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Omar, 2020</td>
                    <td align="center">174</td>
                    <td align="center">83.5 [78.4&#8211;88.0]</td>
                    <td align="center">84 (48)</td>
                    <td align="center">7.3 [4.7&#8211;13.6]</td>
                    <td align="center">159 (91)</td>
                    <td align="center">59 (34)</td>
                    <td align="center">80 (46)&#8225;</td>
                    <td align="center">18 (10)</td>
                    <td align="center">75 (43)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">158 (91)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(23)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Schwartz, 2016</td>
                    <td align="center">519</td>
                    <td align="center">85.6 &#177; 6</td>
                    <td align="center">296 (57)</td>
                    <td align="center">EuroSCORE&#8224;:</td>
                    <td align="center">452 (87)</td>
                    <td align="center">182 (35)</td>
                    <td align="center">311 (60)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">85 (16)</td>
                    <td align="center">54 (10)</td>
                    <td align="center">483 (93)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(24)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">20.5 &#177; 14</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Schymik, 2015</td>
                    <td align="center">2688</td>
                    <td align="center">81.4 &#177; 6.6</td>
                    <td align="center">1550 (58)</td>
                    <td align="center">7.9 &#177; 6.6</td>
                    <td align="center">2175 (81)</td>
                    <td align="center">791 (29)</td>
                    <td align="center">1188 (44)</td>
                    <td align="center">345 (13)</td>
                    <td align="center">685 (26)</td>
                    <td align="center">304 (11)</td>
                    <td align="center">2057 (77)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(25)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Sultan, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">457</td>
                    <td align="center">84.0 [52.0&#8211;97.0]</td>
                    <td align="center">222 (49)</td>
                    <td align="center">7.8 (1.0&#8211;38.0)</td>
                    <td align="center">408 (89)</td>
                    <td align="center">177 (39)</td>
                    <td align="center">171 (37)&#8225;</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">206 (45)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">444 (97)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(26)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Veulemans, 2019</td>
                    <td align="center">874</td>
                    <td align="center">80.5 &#177; 6.1</td>
                    <td align="center">469 (54)</td>
                    <td align="center">6.8 &#177; 6.6</td>
                    <td align="center">819 (94)</td>
                    <td align="center">283 (32)</td>
                    <td align="center">645 (74)</td>
                    <td align="center">174 (20)</td>
                    <td align="center">285 (33)</td>
                    <td align="center">112 (13)</td>
                    <td align="center">616 (70)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(27)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Wendler, 2017</td>
                    <td align="center">1946</td>
                    <td align="center">81.5 &#177; 6.7</td>
                    <td align="center">934 (48)</td>
                    <td align="center">Logistic EuroSCORE&#8224;:</td>
                    <td align="center">1591 (82)</td>
                    <td align="center">575 (29)</td>
                    <td align="center">1002 (51)</td>
                    <td align="center">376 (19)</td>
                    <td align="center">424 (23)</td>
                    <td align="center">230 (12)</td>
                    <td align="center">1378 (73)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(28)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">13.96 [8.97, 22.78] - TF</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">17.83 [11.40, 29.25] - non TF</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Worku, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">369</td>
                    <td align="center">86.4</td>
                    <td align="center">193 (52)</td>
                    <td align="center">9.8</td>
                    <td align="center">325 (88)</td>
                    <td align="center">122 (33)</td>
                    <td align="center">74 (20)&#8225;</td>
                    <td align="center">82 (22)</td>
                    <td align="center">142 (39)</td>
                    <td align="center">67 (18)</td>
                    <td align="center">234 (63)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(29)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN2001">
                  <p>Values are mean &#177; SD or median (min-max) or [interquartile range] or n (%). AF: atrial fibrillation; CAD: coronary artery disease; DM: diabetes mellitus; EuroSCORE: European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation; HTN: hypertension; No.: number; nr: not reported; NYHA: New York Heart Association; Ref.: reference; STS: Society of Thoracic Surgeons; TIA: transient ischemic attack; TAVR: transcatheter aortic valve replacement; TF: transfemoral access. &#8224; STS and EuroSCORE are algorithms are based on the presence of coexisting illnesses in order to predict 30-day operative mortality. &#8225; We considered as evidence of CAD, if not clearly stated, patients with previous myocardial infarction (MI). &#167; Only included NYHA IV patients.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t3001">
              <label>Table 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Echocardiographic characteristics of the included patients</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="14%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">First author, year</th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th>Mean</th>
                    <th>Mean</th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                    <th>Mod/severe</th>
                    <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">(Ref. No.)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">Mean LVEF (%)</th>
                    <th>gradient (mmHg)</th>
                    <th>AVA (cm<sup>2</sup>)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">PASP</th>
                    <th>MR (%)</th>
                    <th style="font-weight:normal">RV dysfunction (%)</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Agasthi, 2020</td>
                    <td align="center">57.1 &#177; 13.1</td>
                    <td align="center">43.2 &#177; 13.6</td>
                    <td align="center">0.87 &#177; 0.33</td>
                    <td align="center">42.3 &#177; 14.4&#8224;</td>
                    <td align="center">46 (5)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(16)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Amat-santos, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">60 [52-70] - TR &lt; 2</td>
                    <td align="center">47 [39-56] - TR &lt; 2</td>
                    <td align="center">0.62 [0.5-0.8] - TR &lt; 2</td>
                    <td align="center">47.2 &#177; 16.8 - TR &lt; 2</td>
                    <td align="center">303 (40)</td>
                    <td align="center">TAPSE:</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(5)</td>
                    <td align="center">60 [50-65] - TR &#8805; 2</td>
                    <td align="center">44 [36-59] - TR &#8805; 2</td>
                    <td align="center">0.64 [0.5-0.8] - TR &#8805; 2</td>
                    <td align="center">49.8 &#177; 16.6 - TR &#8805; 2</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">21 [19-23] - TR &lt;2</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">20 [17-22] - TR &#8805; 2</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Barbanti, 2015</td>
                    <td align="center">53.9 &#177; 13.9</td>
                    <td align="center">42.2 &#177; 16.3</td>
                    <td align="center">0.7 &#177; 0.4</td>
                    <td align="center">43.7 &#177; 17.8</td>
                    <td align="center">208 (40)</td>
                    <td align="center">RVEDD:</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(17)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">39.9 &#177; 7.3</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Barvalia, 2017</td>
                    <td align="center">50.9 &#177; 14.9</td>
                    <td align="center">47.6 &#177; 15.5</td>
                    <td align="center">0.67 &#177; 0.24</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">80 (17)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(18)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Gotzmann, 2011</td>
                    <td align="center">55.8 &#177; 12.2</td>
                    <td align="center">46.6 &#177; 13.7</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">91 (63) - PASP &gt; 25 mmHg</td>
                    <td align="center">83 (57)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(19)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Hutter, 2013</td>
                    <td align="center">44 (16) - LVEF &lt; 35%</td>
                    <td align="center">48.7 &#177; 16.7</td>
                    <td align="center">0.64 &#177; 0.18</td>
                    <td align="center">62 (23) - PASP &gt; 60</td>
                    <td align="center">60 (22)</td>
                    <td align="center">45 (17)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(20)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Kjonas, 2019</td>
                    <td align="center">110 (50) - LVEF &#8805;50%</td>
                    <td align="center">51.6 &#177; 14.8</td>
                    <td align="center">0.63 &#177; 0.2</td>
                    <td align="center">21 (10) - PASP &gt; 60</td>
                    <td align="center">45 (21)</td>
                    <td align="center">TAPSE:</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(21)</td>
                    <td align="center">79 (36) - LVEF 31-49%</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">1.6 &#177; 0.5</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">23 (10) - LVEF &#8804; 30%</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Lindman, 2015</td>
                    <td align="center">51.2 &#177; 12.6</td>
                    <td align="center">45.5 &#177; 13.7</td>
                    <td align="center">0.34 &#177; 0.09*</td>
                    <td align="center">40 (32 - 52) - no/mild TR</td>
                    <td align="center">147 (29)</td>
                    <td align="center">162 (34)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(22)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">44 (35-58) - mod TR</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">43 (30 - 52) - severe TR</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>McCarthy, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">53.2 &#177; 14.1</td>
                    <td align="center">44.2 &#177; 15.0</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">46.2 &#177; 15.0&#8224;</td>
                    <td align="center">10183 (29)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(6)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Medvedofsky, 2020</td>
                    <td align="center">53 &#177; 14</td>
                    <td align="center">49 &#177; 13</td>
                    <td align="center">0.44 &#177; 0.09</td>
                    <td align="center">45 &#177; 16</td>
                    <td align="center">4 (1)</td>
                    <td align="center">63 (19)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(12)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Omar, 2020</td>
                    <td align="center">57.5 [43&#8211;65]</td>
                    <td align="center">42 &#177; 15</td>
                    <td align="center">0.69 &#177; 0.2</td>
                    <td align="center">46.0 &#177; 15.3&#8224;</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(23)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Schwartz, 2016</td>
                    <td align="center">56.3 &#177; 9</td>
                    <td align="center">46.9 &#177; 15</td>
                    <td align="center">0.71 &#177; 0.18</td>
                    <td align="center">42.5 &#177; 15</td>
                    <td align="center">109 (21)</td>
                    <td align="center">84 (16)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(24)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Schymik, 2015</td>
                    <td align="center">54.4 &#177; 12.5</td>
                    <td align="center">47.6 &#177; 16.2</td>
                    <td align="center">0.7 &#177; 0.2</td>
                    <td align="center">44.9 &#177; 14.9</td>
                    <td align="center">519 (20)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(25)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Sultan, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">53.9 &#177; 13.4</td>
                    <td align="center">48.0 &#177; 15.4</td>
                    <td align="center">0.63 &#177; 0.18</td>
                    <td align="center">44.1 &#177; 16.8</td>
                    <td align="center">55 (12)</td>
                    <td align="center">TAPSE &lt; 16:</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(26)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td align="center">139 (30</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Veulemans, 2019</td>
                    <td align="center">51.4 &#177; 12.5</td>
                    <td align="center">37.0 &#177; 16.4</td>
                    <td align="center">0.7 &#177; 0.2</td>
                    <td align="center">510 (58) - PASP &#8805; 25 mmHg</td>
                    <td align="center">155 (18)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(27)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Wendler, 2017</td>
                    <td align="center">100 (6) - LVEF &lt;30%</td>
                    <td align="center">44.1 &#177; 16.0</td>
                    <td align="center">0.73 &#177; 0.210</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                    <td align="center">249 (14)</td>
                    <td align="center">nr</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(28)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Worku, 2018</td>
                    <td align="center">51.6</td>
                    <td align="center">45.6</td>
                    <td align="center">0.7</td>
                    <td align="center">59.4</td>
                    <td align="center">78 (21)</td>
                    <td align="center">31 (8)</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>(29)</td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                    <td> </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN3001">
                  <p>Values are mean &#177; SD or median (min-max) or [interquartile range] or n (%). AVA: aortic valve area; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; mod: moderate tricuspid regurgitation; MR: mitral regurgitation; nr: not reported; PASP: pulmonary artery systolic pressure; Ref.: reference; RV: right ventricle; RVEDD: right ventricular end diastolic diameter; TAPSE: tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion; TR: tricuspid regurgitation. * Aortic valve area indexed to body surface. &#8224; In the absence of PASP, RV systolic pressure was reported.</p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Risk Estimates and Bias Assessments</title>
          <p>Most studies reported standard comparisons (none/mild versus moderate/severe TR) for all-cause mortality. In studies with short follow-up, unadjusted OR analyses were the most commonly reported, whilst HR-adjusted comparisons were mostly reported by studies with mid-term follow-up. Although highly variable between studies, clinical and echocardiographic covariates (age, sex, STS/EuroSCORE, hypertension, diabetes, atrial fibrillation [AF], NYHA functional class, LVEF, MR, and pulmonary artery systolic pressure [PASP] were included in the models ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Supplemental Table 1</ext-link> ). The overall risk of bias was low or moderate in all but one<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> study (Kappa = 0.72 [95% CI, 0.54-0.89]) ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Supplemental Table 2</ext-link> ).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Primary Analysis: None/Mild TR vs Moderate/Severe TR</title>
          <p>At 30 days after TAVR, moderate/severe TR was associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality when compared to none/mild TR (HR 1.65; 95% CI, 1.20-2.29; I<sup>2</sup>= 25.7%; p = 0.224). After a mean follow-up of 1.2 years, the pooled analysis of 14 studies also revealed that higher grades of TR were associated with a worse prognosis (HR 1.56; 95% CI, 1.31-1.84; I<sup>2</sup>= 44.1%; p = 0.039) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figures 2</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f04001">3</xref> ).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f03001">
              <label>Figure 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Forest plot comparing all-cause mortality (30 days) between patients with none/mild and moderate/severe TR baseline grades. CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; mod: moderate tricuspid regurgitation; OR: odds ratio; TR: tricuspid regurgitation.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf03-en.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f04001">
              <label>Figure 3</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Forest plot comparing all-cause mortality (1.2 years) between patients with none/mild and moderate/severe TR baseline grades. CI: confidence interval; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; HR: hazard ratio; mod: moderate tricuspid regurgitation: OR: odds ratio: TR: tricuspid regurgitation.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf04-en.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>In the leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, risk ratios ranged from 1.20-3.0 (short term) and 1.26-1.92 (mid term), indicating that the pooled estimate was robust and not influenced by a single study. Subgroup analysis showed less heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; p = 0.489 [unadjusted] and I<sup>2</sup>= 39.6%; p = 0.094 [adjusted]) when studies were pooled according to univariate/multivariate risk estimates. Meta-regression analysis revealed that the proportion of patients with significant TR in each study did not change the association between TR and all-cause mortality (p = 0.676). These analyses revealed the absence of publication bias, ie, symmetrical funnel plots and p &gt; 0.05 for all Egger&#8217;s linear regression tests ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Supplemental Figures 1-3</ext-link> ).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Secondary Analysis: Mortality and TR Severity</title>
          <p>At short term, we observed no statistically significant differences in all-cause mortality between patients with moderate TR and those with no/mild TR (HR 4.14; 95% CI, 0.73-23.45) despite a high heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup>= 93.1%; p &lt; 0.001). However, severe TR was associated with 83% increased mortality when compared to no/mild TR (HR 1.83; 95% CI, 1.47-2.28; I<sup>2</sup>= 0%; p = 0.380) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f05001">Figure 4</xref> ).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f05001">
              <label>Figure 4</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Forest plot comparing all-cause mortality (30 days) in patients with increasing TR grades. CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; mod: moderate tricuspid regurgitation; OR: odds ratio; TR: tricuspid regurgitation.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf05-en.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>At mid term (mean 318 days), when comparing patients with no/trace TR to those with mild TR (HR 0.88; 95% CI, 0.77-1.00) and moderate TR (HR 1.17; 95% CI, 0.91-1.51), no differences in mortality risk ratios were observed. However, severe TR was associated with a significantly increased risk of all-cause mortality when compared to no/trace TR (HR 1.57; 95% CI, 1.05-2.36), albeit with moderate heterogeneity (I<sup>2</sup>= 66.1%; p = 0.031) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f06001">Figure 5</xref> ).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f06001">
              <label>Figure 5</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Forest plot comparing all-cause mortality (318 days) in patients with increasing TR grades. CI: confidence interval; LVEF: left ventricular ejection fraction; HR: hazard ratio; mod: moderate tricuspid regurgitation; OR: odds ratio; TR: tricuspid regurgitation.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf06-en.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Other outcomes</title>
          <p>Details of cardiovascular mortality and rehospitalization for HF are shown in <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Supplemental Table 3</ext-link> . Overall, higher risk estimates of outcomes were observed in individuals with higher TR grades.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Additional Analyses: Changes in TR Severity After TAVR</title>
          <p>Thirteen studies<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> comprising 709 patients reported TR pre- and post-TAVR grades. Study details and patient characteristics are shown in <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Supplemental Table 4</ext-link> . Except for two studies<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B31">31</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B35">35</xref></sup> (which evaluated only severe TR grades), all studies reported changes in moderate/severe TR grades post-TAVR. Eight studies reevaluated TR grades in the short term (up to 30 days) and eight studies revisited TR grades after 30 days (mean = 12.5 months).</p>
          <p>By day 30 after TAVR, TR severity reduced by at least one grade in 43% of patients (95% CI, 0.30-0.56; I<sup>2</sup>= 85.6%; p &lt; 0.001). At a mean follow-up of 12.5 months, 44% of patients showed improvements in TR grades post TAVR (95% CI, 0.35-0.52; I<sup>2</sup>= 61.6%; p = 0.01) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f07001">Figures 6</xref> and <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f08001">7</xref> ). Meta-regression analyses revealed that improvements in TR grades (at short and mid terms) were not influenced by the proportion of patients with AF or RV (right ventricular) dysfunction, or by PASP values (p &gt; 0.05 for all).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f07001">
              <label>Figure 6</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Changes in moderate/severe TR grades at 30 days post TAVR. CI: confidence interval; ES: effect size; TR: tricuspid regurgitation.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf07-en.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f08001">
              <label>Figure 7</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Changes in moderate/severe TR grades at mid term post TAVR. CI: confidence interval; ES: effect size; TR: tricuspid regurgitation.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf08-en.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
          <p>In the pooled analysis, the persistence of moderate/severe TR grades after a mean follow-up of 21 months post TAVR was associated with all-cause mortality (HR 2.12; 95% CI, 1.53-2.92; I<sup>2</sup>= 0%, p = 0.901) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f09001">Figure 8</xref> ). No significant changes were detected in the overall effect size after performing a leave-one-out sensitivity analysis, and no evidence of publication bias across studies was recorded ( <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">Supplemental Figures 4</ext-link> and <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">5</ext-link> ).</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f09001">
              <label>Figure 8</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Forest plot comparing all-cause mortality between patients with persistence and improvement of TR grades post TAVR. CI: confidence interval; HR: hazard ratio; OR: odds ratio.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-07-e20220319-20319-gf09-en.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="discussion">
        <title>Discussion</title>
        <p>This meta-analysis of 23 studies including more than 45 000 patients and evaluating the association between TR and clinical outcomes after TAVR has three main findings. First, moderate or severe TR at baseline was associated with increased all-cause mortality, both at 30 days and at mid term (1.2 years); second, a gradient was seen between TR severity and mortality. Patients with severe TR had at least a 57% increased risk of death in the mid term (318 days) when compared to those with none/trivial TR. Third, after TAVR, TR severity improved by at least one grade in &gt; 40% of patients. Patients without improvements in TR severity post procedure presented worse outcomes. Our results confirm the main findings of similar meta-analyses in this field.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B37">37</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B39">39</xref></sup> Uniquely, besides including data from a recent and large registry from the STS,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> we evaluated the association between change in TR degree and subsequent mortality and have demonstrated a gradient with the highest mortality seen among patients with severe TR. Finally, we also analyzed changes in TR severity after TAVR and the association between persistent significant TR and survival.</p>
        <p>The relationship between concomitant TR and prognosis has received limited attention in mainstream TAVR studies, and controversial findings have been described. While several reports<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B18">18</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B28">28</xref></sup> have suggested increased mortality when significant TR was detected pre-procedure, others observed that this association was no longer significant after multivariable adjustment<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B21">21</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> or that it existed only when significant TR persisted following TAVR,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B36">36</xref></sup> regardless of baseline TR severity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> Although patients with moderate/severe TR had more comorbidities and higher risks,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B20">20</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> after pooling the results of all multivariable adjustments, the presence of significant TR remained related to worse prognosis after TAVR in our meta-analysis.</p>
        <p>Whether TR represents a surrogate marker of late disease or a risk factor itself remains unclear. The independent relationship between TR and worse prognosis after TAVR was reported in scenarios of LVEF greater than 30-40%<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B17">17</xref></sup> or lower MR grades,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> possibly pointing to organic TR mechanisms not amenable to AVR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> Controversially, a subgroup analysis by Gotzmann et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B19">19</xref></sup> suggested that the underlying etiology of TR (organic or functional) had no incremental impact on all-cause mortality post TAVR. Although we cannot assure it, since 44% of patients with TR improved by at least one grade post TAVR, it is reasonable to assume that a significant number of TR etiologies in our meta-analysis were secondary. Moreover, we observed more than twice the risk of all-cause mortality in patients with persistent moderate/severe TR after TAVR.</p>
        <p>Sustained pulmonary hypertension,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> AF,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> tricuspid annulus diameter,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> and RV dilation<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> are the main factors associated with a lack of improvement in TR after TAVR. The relationship with RV dysfunction is controversial,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> since perhaps RV dilation better reflects the chronicity and severity of RV overload rather than ventricular function.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> More important than the isolated quantification of parameters may be the combined evaluation of right ventricular-pulmonary arterial coupling, integrating the performance of the right-side unit.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B26">26</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B40">40</xref></sup> In our meta-regression analysis, improvements in TR grades were not influenced by the proportion of patients with AF, RV dysfunction, or by PASP values, however several criteria and methods were used to define these variables.</p>
        <p>Recognizing the association of TR and worse prognosis post TAVR aids in clinical management and influences heart team decisions. Proper patient selection is crucial to procedure success<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref></sup> and to date, other than reduced LVEF, there are no recommendations regarding the importance of anatomical or functional cardiac consequences of AS as a component of the AVR decision algorithm.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Our findings reinforce the requirement for a careful assessment of TR before TAVR, including better risk stratifications that can identify patient subgroups where post-TAVR clinical courses are expected to be worse. These recommendations avoid TAVR-related futility, which may influence both quality of life and health care costs.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
        <p>As the use of TAVR is rapidly expanding, assessments of the anticipated benefits of surgical treatments for multivalvular diseases are mandatory.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B24">24</xref></sup> For surgical candidates, the addition of a tricuspid repair to open-heart surgical AVR (SAVR) may lead to better outcomes than TAVR accompanied by no TR treatment, or later isolated TR surgical repair.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B22">22</xref></sup> It is worth noting that, while current guidelines provide class I recommendations for tricuspid valve annuloplasty in this scenario,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B41">41</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B43">43</xref></sup> outcomes from tricuspid surgery may not be ideal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B44">44</xref></sup> Additionally, for TR secondary to RV dysfunction, tricuspid valve repair may potentially precipitate severe RV failure secondary to increased RV afterload, in which case TAVR may be preferable to SAVR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B29">29</xref></sup> For all reasons mentioned, proper risk stratification, careful evaluation of the tricuspid valve, and associated factors that may predict TR persistence support the TAVR versus SAVR decision and could lead to alternative transcatheter strategies of TR treatment to be tested in prospective randomized studies.</p>
        <sec>
          <title>Study limitations</title>
          <p>Firstly, as this study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of non-randomized studies, it carried the inherent limitations of observational research, despite robust methodological rigor and sensitivity analyses. Secondly, the relatively low number of studies limited the analysis of other outcomes, rather than all-cause mortality. Thirdly, TR grade analysis was fully dependent on echocardiograms, and while most studies performed TR evaluations according to standard guidelines, others published site-reported data.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B25">25</xref></sup> Fourthly, pooling moderate and severe TR grades into one group may have combined patients with different prognoses. For this reason, we evaluated the incremental risk of each additional TR degree and showed a &#8220;dose-response&#8221; type of relationship with survival. Furthermore, it is worth mentioning that a new classification was recently proposed for TR,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B45">45</xref></sup> as it has been demonstrated that, even within patients with significant TR, mortality increases as TR becomes massive or torrential.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B46">46</xref></sup> Therefore, an analysis restratifying patients with severe TR should be addressed as well in future studies.</p>
          <p>Despite limitations, our large study cohort and robust findings suggest the need for future randomized trials dedicated to evaluating the impact of TR on TAVR prognosis, including the investigation of factors related to TR persistence post TAVR, which as demonstrated here is associated with adverse outcomes.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="conclusions">
        <title>Conclusions</title>
        <p>The presence of significant TR pre TAVR is associated with higher mortality. Although TR severity may commonly improve post TAVR, the persistence of significant TR is strongly associated with increased mortality. Our findings highlight the importance of TR pre and post TAVR and might help identify patients who may benefit from more careful surveillance in this clinical setting.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>* Supplemental Materials</title>
        <p>For additional information, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12007/2022-0319-supplemental-material.pdf">click here</ext-link> .</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study association</p>
          <p>This article is part of the thesis of master submitted by Bruna Olandoski Erbano, from Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo / Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
