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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">kwzGbCkBsnKQkrvPmLQFFgy</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000600208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00208</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230373</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>&#205;ndice de Triglicer&#237;deos-Glicose e Fluxo Lento Coronariano: Uma Nova Ferramenta Diagn&#243;stica?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8471-5745</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Cristina Costa de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Marildes Luiza de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Belo Horizonte</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Belo Horizonte</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">MG</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas &#8211; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Maria Cristina Costa de Almeida &#8226; Rua Santa Rita Dur&#227;o, 74 sala 404. CEP 30140-110, Funcion&#225;rios, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>criscal45@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>04</day>
        <month>08</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230373</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>&#205;ndice de Triglicerideos-glucose</kwd>
        <kwd>Fluxo Lento Coronariano</kwd>
        <kwd>Resist&#234;ncia Insulinica</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Cardiovascular</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A doen&#231;a cardiovascular (DCV) &#233; a principal causa de morte e incapacidade em todo o mundo, sendo respons&#225;vel pela maioria das mortes por doen&#231;as n&#227;o transmiss&#237;veis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Fatores de risco importantes como tabagismo, diabetes mellitus (DM), hipertens&#227;o ou dislipidemia chamam mais a aten&#231;&#227;o dos m&#233;dicos. Entretanto, indiv&#237;duos podem desenvolver aterosclerose subcl&#237;nica mesmo que n&#227;o apresentem sintomas ou fatores de risco cardiovasculares tradicionais, pois &#233; uma doen&#231;a lentamente progressiva, com art&#233;rias acometidas por espessamento, rigidez, perda de elasticidade e aumento da fragilidade da parede &#224; estenose e oclus&#227;o do l&#250;men.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A resist&#234;ncia &#224; insulina (RI) pode ser um dos mecanismos potenciais do desenvolvimento de DCV, sendo reconhecida como um indicador de inflama&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica e dist&#250;rbios metab&#243;licos intimamente relacionados &#224; DCV ateroscler&#243;tica. Al&#233;m disso, &#233; considerada um fator de alto risco para DM e DCV.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os m&#233;todos atuais para avaliar a RI incluem teste de clamp euglic&#234;mico hiperinsulin&#234;mico (CEH) e a RI estimada pelo modelo de avalia&#231;&#227;o da homeostase (HOMA-IR), mas seu uso cl&#237;nico &#233; limitado devido ao tempo e ao custo.</p>
    <p>Espera-se que um novo m&#233;todo, o &#237;ndice de triglicer&#237;deos-glicose (TyGI), se torne um &#237;ndice alternativo para medir a RI.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> &#201; um par&#226;metro sint&#233;tico da glicemia de jejum em indiv&#237;duos saud&#225;veis, considerado um marcador substituto confi&#225;vel de RI e intimamente relacionado com DCV, assim como a RI pode prejudicar a fun&#231;&#227;o endotelial coronariana por meio do estresse oxidativo e indu&#231;&#227;o de inflama&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O uso de TyGI parece simplificar o diagn&#243;stico de intoler&#226;ncia &#224; glicose. Mais e mais estudos descobriram que o TyGI n&#227;o est&#225; apenas significativamente associado ao risco de aterosclerose, DM e doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, mas seus n&#237;veis elevados aumentam o mau progn&#243;stico de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, como reestenose intra-stent e fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A investiga&#231;&#227;o da rela&#231;&#227;o entre TyG&#304; e fluxo lento coronariano (FLC) pode ser de grande interesse na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica, pois estudos t&#234;m demonstrado forte associa&#231;&#227;o entre RI e FLC, considerando a RI como fator de risco independente para FLC em pacientes com diagn&#243;stico de intoler&#226;ncia &#224; glicose.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A rigidez arterial &#233; um dos primeiros tipos de dano funcional que ocorre durante o processo de envelhecimento vascular, durante o qual a elasticidade arterial diminui.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Evid&#234;ncias crescentes sugerem que a rigidez arterial &#233; um poderoso preditor de risco futuro de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, como s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas, insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca e AVC isqu&#234;mico ou hemorr&#225;gico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Como a comunidade m&#233;dica sabe, o FLC &#233; a opacifica&#231;&#227;o tardia da vasculatura coron&#225;ria no n&#237;vel distal e pode se apresentar como s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas e morte s&#250;bita card&#237;aca. Diferentes hip&#243;teses t&#234;m sido postuladas sobre seu mecanismo, como disfun&#231;&#227;o microvascular e endotelial, com aumento do t&#244;nus vasomotor de repouso e tend&#234;ncia ao vasoespasmo. Sua incid&#234;ncia &#233; de cerca de 1-5% dos pacientes submetidos &#224; cineangiocoronariografia e tem sido mais frequentemente encontrada em homens jovens tabagistas com s&#237;ndrome metab&#243;lica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Al&#233;m disso, o TyGI &#233; considerado um marcador de aterosclerose subcl&#237;nica, relacionado ao grau de calcifica&#231;&#227;o da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria e &#224; espessura m&#233;dio-intimal da car&#243;tida. Al&#233;m disso, h&#225; correla&#231;&#227;o positiva com pior progn&#243;stico em pacientes com infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio quando seu n&#237;vel ultrapassa 9,75, o que pode servir de limiar para avalia&#231;&#227;o de isquemia coronariana residual.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O n&#237;vel de TyGI acima de 9,75 aumentou o risco de raz&#227;o de fluxo quantitativo p&#243;s-interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea &#8804; 0,92, o que tem um progn&#243;stico ruim. Portanto, TyGI acima de 9,75 pode ser usado como um limiar para terapia medicamentosa intensiva para melhorar a isquemia coronariana ap&#243;s interven&#231;&#227;o coronariana percut&#226;nea.</p>
    <p>O TyGI &#233; um &#237;ndice sangu&#237;neo f&#225;cil, reprodut&#237;vel, pr&#225;tico e convenientemente mensur&#225;vel que pode avaliar o perfil cardiometab&#243;lico e a fun&#231;&#227;o fisiol&#243;gica coron&#225;ria.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Investiga&#231;&#227;o da Rela&#231;&#227;o entre &#205;ndice de Triglicer&#237;deos-Glicose e Fluxo Lento Coronariano: Um Estudo Retrospectivo de Caso-Controle</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
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  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Triglycerides-Glucose &#304;ndex and Coronary Slow Flow: A New Diagnostic Tool?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8471-5745</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Maria Cristina Costa de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Castro</surname>
            <given-names>Marildes Luiza de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Universit&#225;rio de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas &#8211; Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Maria Cristina Costa de Almeida &#8226; Rua Santa Rita Dur&#227;o, 74 sala 404. Postal Code 30140-110, Funcion&#225;rios, Belo Horizonte, MG &#8211; Brazil E-mail: criscal45@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Triglyceride-glucose Index</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Slow Flow</kwd>
        <kwd>Insulin Resistance</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Disease</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death and disability worldwide, accounting for the majority of deaths from noncommunicable diseases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Important risk factors such as smoking, diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, or dyslipidemia draw more attention from physicians. However, individuals can develop subclinical atherosclerosis even if they do not have traditional cardiovascular risk factors or symptoms since it is a slowly progressive disease, with arteries affected by thickening, stiffness, loss of elasticity, and increased wall fragility to stenosis and lumen occlusion.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Insulin resistance (IR) may be one of the potential mechanisms of the development of CVD, being recognized as an indicator of systemic inflammation and metabolic disorders closely related to atherosclerotic CVD. Moreover, it is considered a high-risk factor for DM and CVD.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The current methods for assessing IR include the hyperinsulinemia-euglycemic (HIEG) clamp test and homeostasis model assessment-estimated IR (HOMA-IR), but their clinical use is limited due to time-consuming and expensive.</p>
      <p>A novel method, the triglyceride-glucose index (TyGI), is expected to become an alternative index for measuring IR.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> It is a synthetic parameter of fasting glucose in healthy individuals, considered a reliable surrogate marker of IR, and closely related to CVD, as IR can damage coronary endothelial function through oxidative stress and inducing inflammation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Using TyGI seems to simplify the diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). More and more studies have found that the TyGI is not only significantly associated with the risk of atherosclerosis, DM, and coronary artery disease, but its elevated levels increase the poor prognosis of CVDs such as in-stent restenosis and atrial fibrillation.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The investigation of the relationship between TyGI and coronary slow flow (CSF) could be of great interest in clinical practice, as studies have demonstrated a strong association between IR and CSF, considering IR as an independent risk factor for CSF in patients with IGT.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Arterial stiffness is one of the earliest types of functional damage that occurs during the vascular aging process, during which arterial elasticity decreases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Growing evidence suggests that arterial stiffness is a powerful predictor for future risk of CVDs such as acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, and ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As the medical community knows, CSF is the delayed opacification of the coronary vasculature at the distal level and can present as acute coronary syndromes and sudden cardiac death. Different hypotheses have been postulated about its mechanism, such as microvascular and endothelial dysfunction, with increased resting vasomotor tone and a tendency to vasospasm. Its incidence is about 1-5% of patients submitted to coronary angiography and has been most frequently found in young men who are smokers with metabolic syndrome.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Moreover, TyGI is considered a marker of subclinical atherosclerosis related to the degree of coronary artery calcification and carotid intima-media thickness. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation with poor prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction when its level exceeds 9.75, which may serve as a threshold for assessing residual coronary ischemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The TyGI level above 9.75 increased the risk of post-percutaneous coronary intervention quantitative flow ratio &#8804; 0.92, which has a poor prognosis. Therefore, TyGI above 9.75 may be used as a threshold for intensive drug therapy to improve coronary ischemia after percutaneous coronary intervention.</p>
      <p>The TyGI is an easy, reproducible, practical, and conveniently measurable blood index that can assess cardiometabolic profile and coronary physiological function.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Investigation of the Relationship Between Triglycerides-Glucose &#304;ndex and Coronary Slow Flow: A Retrospective Case-Control Study</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
