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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">KTFmSvSDPW4xfPLRpCvvVgF</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000600207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230363</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>&#201; Hora de Revisitar os Limites da Reserva de Fluxo Fracionada?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3998-8813</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sant&#8217;Anna</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6987-3905</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sant&#8217;Anna</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas Bonacossa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Couceiro</surname>
            <given-names>S&#233;rgio L&#237;vio Menezes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Maca&#233;</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Maca&#233;, Maca&#233;, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Servi&#231;o de Hemodin&#226;mica</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santa Izabel</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Cabo Frio</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Hemodin&#226;mica do Hospital Santa Izabel, Cabo Frio, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Funda&#231;&#227;o T&#233;cnico-Educacional Souza Marques</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o T&#233;cnico-Educacional Souza Marques (FTESM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Santa Izabel</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Cabo Frio</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia do Hospital Santa Izabel, Cabo Frio, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Fernando Mendes Sant&#8217;Anna &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maca&#233; &#8211; Ensino e Gradua&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Av. Alu&#237;zio da Silva Gomes, 50. CEP 27930-960, Maca&#233;, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>fmsantanna@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230363</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Peric&#225;rdio</kwd>
        <kwd>Constri&#231;&#227;o Patol&#243;gica</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterail Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Reserva Fracionada de Fluxo Mioc&#225;rdico</kwd>
        <kwd>Stents Farmacol&#243;gicos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A avalia&#231;&#227;o fisiol&#243;gica intracoron&#225;ria &#233; estabelecida como uma estrat&#233;gia valiosa para identificar estenoses epic&#225;rdicas limitantes de fluxo em pacientes com doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (DAC) e para determinar uma indica&#231;&#227;o para interven&#231;&#245;es coron&#225;rias percut&#226;neas (ICP).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Supunha-se anteriormente que, uma vez que a doen&#231;a limitante do fluxo fosse confirmada por uma medida com fio-guia de press&#227;o, a ICP guiada por angiografia deveria levar &#224; restaura&#231;&#227;o efetiva da condut&#226;ncia do vaso. No entanto, estudos com avalia&#231;&#227;o fisiol&#243;gica p&#243;s-ICP com base na reserva de fluxo fracionada (FFR) e raz&#245;es de press&#227;o n&#227;o hiper&#234;micas (NHPR) demonstraram que essa suposi&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o &#233; correta e que confiar apenas na orienta&#231;&#227;o angiogr&#225;fica pode estar associado a resultados funcionais abaixo do ideal ap&#243;s a ICP em muitos casos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, sabe-se que a FFR p&#243;s-ICP &#233; um forte preditor de desfechos, e quanto menor a FFR p&#243;s-stent, pior a evolu&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O artigo publicado por Pellegrini et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> envolvendo 218 pacientes com DAC acompanhados por at&#233; 5 anos e submetidos &#224; avalia&#231;&#227;o da FFR, mostrou maior n&#250;mero de MACE no grupo isqu&#234;mico tratado por ICP com stents farmacol&#243;gicos (SF), em compara&#231;&#227;o com os grupos FFR normal baixa e FFR normal alta, sem diferen&#231;as entre estes dois &#250;ltimos.</p>
    <p>No entanto, algumas considera&#231;&#245;es precisam ser feitas a respeito deste estudo. Em primeiro lugar, trata-se de um estudo observacional, n&#227;o randomizado, o que j&#225; implica in&#250;meras limita&#231;&#245;es, acrescidas pelo tamanho limitado da amostra, conforme apontado pelos autores na discuss&#227;o das limita&#231;&#245;es do estudo. Em segundo lugar, o maior n&#250;mero de MACE no grupo isqu&#234;mico deveu-se &#224; necessidade de nova revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do vaso-alvo, sem diferen&#231;as entre infarto e mortalidade entre os grupos, bem como sem diferen&#231;as entre o grupo ICP e o grupo FFR normal baixa. Estudos recentes, como o ensaio ISCHEMIA,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> n&#227;o demonstraram benef&#237;cio no tratamento de les&#245;es est&#225;veis em s&#237;ndromes coronarianas cr&#244;nicas, mesmo com SF, em compara&#231;&#227;o com o tratamento cl&#237;nico otimizado. Al&#233;m disso, os autores n&#227;o informaram o valor m&#233;dio da FFR p&#243;s-stent no grupo de tratamento, o que tem um impacto importante nos resultados p&#243;s-interven&#231;&#227;o, conforme mencionado acima.</p>
    <p>Terceiro, outra observa&#231;&#227;o importante diz respeito ao n&#250;mero de casos tratados envolvendo a art&#233;ria descendente anterior (ADA), que &#233; muito maior no grupo isqu&#234;mico (85,5%) do que nos outros dois grupos (65,9% e 43,1%, p &lt; 0,001). A interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea em uma les&#227;o na ADA foi previamente identificada como um preditor independente de resultados sub&#243;timos de FFR p&#243;s-ICP,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> e &#233; crucial saber se a ADA foi respons&#225;vel por uma pior FFR p&#243;s-stent, o que poderia explicar o maior n&#250;mero de MACE neste grupo.</p>
    <p>Em quarto lugar, a FFR foi medida e um limiar &#8804; 0,80 foi usado para tratar uma les&#227;o. Curiosamente, o estudo IRIS<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> e uma metan&#225;lise recente,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> ambos envolvendo mais de 6.000 les&#245;es, demonstraram que um limiar de FFR &#8804; 0,75 est&#225; associado a melhores resultados ap&#243;s a interven&#231;&#227;o e que o risco de eventos adversos em les&#245;es com FFR &gt; 0,75 n&#227;o foi significativamente diferente entre les&#245;es deferidas e revascularizadas. Portanto, &#233; poss&#237;vel que, se um limiar de FFR mais baixo fosse usado neste estudo, mais les&#245;es teriam sido deferidas, o que geralmente est&#225; associado a melhores resultados.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Por fim, conclu&#237;mos que o estudo de Pellegrini et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> levanta muito mais quest&#245;es do que fornece respostas. A quest&#227;o permanece: n&#227;o dever&#237;amos voltar a usar o valor de corte da FFR de 0,75 para indicar o tratamento de uma les&#227;o coronariana est&#225;vel, mesmo na era dos SF?</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Avalia&#231;&#227;o Progn&#243;stica da Reserva de Fluxo Fracionada em Diferentes Estratos nos Pacientes com Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Is it Time to Revisit Fractional Flow Reserve Thresholds?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3998-8813</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sant&#8217;Anna</surname>
            <given-names>Fernando Mendes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6987-3905</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Sant&#8217;Anna</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas Bonacossa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Couceiro</surname>
            <given-names>S&#233;rgio L&#237;vio Menezes</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro - Campus Maca&#233;, Maca&#233;, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Hemodin&#226;mica do Hospital Santa Izabel, Cabo Frio, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Funda&#231;&#227;o T&#233;cnico-Educacional Souza Marques (FTESM), Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia do Hospital Santa Izabel, Cabo Frio, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Fernando Mendes Sant&#8217;Anna &#8226; Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Campus Maca&#233; &#8211; Ensino e Gradua&#231;&#227;o &#8211; Av. Alu&#237;zio da Silva Gomes, 50. Postal code 27930-960, Maca&#233;, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: fmsantanna@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Pericardium</kwd>
        <kwd>Constriction Patho&#231;ogic</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Fractional Flow Reserve, Myocardial</kwd>
        <kwd>Drug Eluting Stents</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Intracoronary physiological assessment is established as a valuable strategy to identify flow-limiting epicardial stenoses in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and to determine an indication for percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It had been previously assumed that once the flow-limiting disease was confirmed with a pressure guidewire measurement, PCI guided by angiography should lead to effective restoration of vessel conductance. However, studies with physiological post-PCI evaluation based on fractional flow reserve (FFR) and non-hyperemic pressure ratios (NHPR) demonstrate that this supposition is not correct and that relying on angiographic guidance alone can be associated with suboptimal functional results post-PCI in many cases.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Moreover, it is well known that post-PCI FFR is a strong predictor of outcomes, and the lower the post-stent FFR, the worse the clinical follow-up.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The article published by Pellegrini et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> involving 218 patients with CAD followed for up to 5 years and submitted to FFR evaluation, showed a greater number of MACE in the ischemic group treated by PCI with drug-eluting stents (DES), compared to the low-normal FFR and high-normal FFR groups, with no differences between these two lasts.</p>
      <p>However, some considerations need to be made concerning this study. First, it is an observational, non-randomized study, which already implies numerous limitations, increased due to the limited sample size, as pointed out by the authors in the discussion of the study&#8217;s limitations. Second, the greater number of MACE in the ischemic group was due to the need for new revascularization of the target vessel, with no differences between infarction and mortality between groups, as well as no differences between the PCI group and low-normal FFR group. Recent studies, such as the ISCHEMIA trial,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> have shown no benefit in treating stable lesions in chronic coronary syndromes, even with DES, compared with optimized clinical treatment. In addition, the authors did not inform the mean post-stent FFR value in the treatment group, which has an important impact on post-intervention results, as mentioned above.</p>
      <p>Third, another important observation concerns the number of treated cases involving the left anterior descending artery (LAD), which is much higher in the ischemic group (85.5%) than in the two other groups (65.9% and 43.1%, p &lt; 0.001). Percutaneous coronary intervention on a lesion in the LAD has previously been identified as an independent predictor of suboptimal post-PCI FFR results,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> and it is crucial to know if LAD was responsible for a worse post-stent FFR, which could explain the greater number of MACE is this group.</p>
      <p>Fourth, FFR was measured, and a threshold &#8804; 0.80 was used for treating a lesion. Interestingly, the IRIS trial<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup> and a recent meta-analysis,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> both involving more than 6,000 lesions, have demonstrated an FFR threshold of &#8804; 0.75 to be associated with improved outcomes after intervention and that the risk of adverse events in lesions with FFR &gt; 0.75 was not significantly different between deferred and revascularized lesions. Therefore, it is possible that if a lower FFR threshold were used in this study, more lesions would have been deferred, which is generally associated with better outcomes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Finally, we conclude that the study by Pellegrini et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> raises far more questions than it provides answers. The question remains: should we not return to using the FFR cutoff value of 0.75 to indicate treatment of a stable coronary lesion, even in the DES era?</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Prognostic Assessment of Fractional Flow Reserve in Different Strata in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
