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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">MKsJxrC9X5V3J6phn3n4xmq</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000600202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230302</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Estamos Chegando ao Fim do Caminho Evolutivo para Stents Met&#225;licos Farmacol&#243;gicos? Quais Stents de 4&#170; Gera&#231;&#227;o Precisamos?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2179-4738</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Manuel Sousa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro de Interven&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular Estrutural</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Interven&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular Estrutural &#8211; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">NOVA Medical School</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Lisboa</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">NOVA Medical School &#8211; Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Manuel Sousa Almeida &#8226; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental EPE Hospital de Santa Cruz &#8211; Cardiology &#8211; Rua Professor Reynaldo dos Santos Carnaxide 2790-134 &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>almeidams@sapo.pt</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>30</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230302</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Stents/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Anomalias dos Vasos Coron&#225;rios</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea/tend&#234;ncias</kwd>
        <kwd>Trombose Coron&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Angioplastia Transluminal Percut&#226;nea Coron&#225;ria</kwd>
        <kwd>Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="9"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Os stents s&#227;o a pedra angular da PCI atual. Garantem seguran&#231;a, resultado angiogr&#225;fico agudo previs&#237;vel e resultados cl&#237;nicos aceit&#225;veis a longo prazo.</p>
    <p>Sua realiza&#231;&#227;o atual est&#225;, sem d&#250;vida, ligada a um caminho evolutivo bem-sucedido impulsionado por cont&#237;nuas necessidades m&#233;dicas n&#227;o atendidas enfrentadas por empresas de dispositivos &#225;vidas por ganhar participa&#231;&#227;o de mercado.</p>
    <p>Desde o primeiro stent, objetivou-se o tratamento de salvamento de dissec&#231;&#245;es coron&#225;rias amea&#231;adoras,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> da trombose aguda de stent levantada como a complica&#231;&#227;o mais preocupante, posteriormente abordada com sucesso por aposi&#231;&#227;o adequada da parede do stent<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> e tratamento antiplaquet&#225;rio duplo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Ent&#227;o, altas taxas de reestenose, particularmente em pessoas com diabetes, permaneceram como o maior obst&#225;culo, resolvido em 2002 pelo advento dos stents farmacol&#243;gicos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> acompanhados por trombose aguda tardia mais elevada,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> compensa&#231;&#227;o devido a pol&#237;meros n&#227;o biocompat&#237;veis e cicatriza&#231;&#227;o endotelial disfuncional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Inicialmente controlada com estrat&#233;gias antiplaquet&#225;rias mais longas e agressivas<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> e posteriormente resolvida com pol&#237;meros biocompat&#237;veis mais recentes, os atuais stents de 3&#170; gera&#231;&#227;o. No meio, novas ligas met&#225;licas permitiram melhorias iterativas na espessura do suporte, flexibilidade, capacidade de entrega e conformabilidade do vaso, tornando o trabalho intervencionista muito mais f&#225;cil agora.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Araujo et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> em seu artigo intitulado: &#8220; Avalia&#231;&#227;o no Mundo Real de um Stent Eluidor de Sirolimus de Hastes Ultrafinas em Pacientes com Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST Submetidos &#224; Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea Prim&#225;ria (Registro INSTEMI)&#8221; analisou dados de um registro multic&#234;ntrico de STEMI do mundo real no sul do Brasil e comparou um novo stent ultrafino (75&#181;m) de liga de CrCo com uma elui&#231;&#227;o de sirolimus de curto prazo (45 dias) de um pol&#237;mero abluminal biocompat&#237;vel degrad&#225;vel (9 meses) com uma mistura dos atuais stents workhorses padr&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Para esta compara&#231;&#227;o, eles selecionaram de uma popula&#231;&#227;o maior de pacientes com STEMI tratados com PPCI em dois centros terci&#225;rios, dois grupos pareados por propens&#227;o, cada um com 353 pacientes, tratados com stent Inspiron&#8482; (709 stents) e um grupo controle, uma mistura de DES , quanto ao f&#225;rmaco (sirolimus em 22% e n&#227;o sirolimus em 78%), distribui&#231;&#227;o do pol&#237;mero biodegrad&#225;vel (abluminal em apenas 2%) e durabilidade (dur&#225;vel em 78%) e espessura do suporte (&#8804;75&#181;m em 20%), em um total de 716 stents de stents atuais de 3&#170; gera&#231;&#227;o. Embora tal heterogeneidade, para este estudo, n&#227;o compromete os resultados e conclus&#245;es. Como afirmado, os autores tiveram como objetivo comparar um DES mais recente com os DES workhouse atuais em um padr&#227;o de atendimento do mundo real.</p>
    <p>Al&#233;m das apontadas pelos autores, teve algumas limita&#231;&#245;es como a dura&#231;&#227;o do 2DPT, n&#227;o mencionada em nenhum lugar, por protocolo a crit&#233;rio do operador. Diferen&#231;as entre os grupos poderiam comprometer os resultados em um acompanhamento t&#227;o longo. Apesar dos grupos de propens&#227;o combinada, o comprimento do stent foi significativamente maior no Inspiron&#8482; (10 mm mais longo em m&#233;dia), juntamente com outras pequenas diferen&#231;as tamb&#233;m consideradas.</p>
    <p>No entanto, e para este estudo, eles chegaram a conclus&#245;es v&#225;lidas: at&#233; 17 meses de seguimento, em pacientes tratados por PPCI, o uso do stent Inspiron&#8482; parece ser t&#227;o seguro e eficaz quanto outros stents de terceira gera&#231;&#227;o padr&#227;o de tratamento atuais.</p>
    <p>Um copo meio cheio, meio vazio. O Inspiron&#8482; &#233; t&#227;o bom quanto os stents atuais, mas n&#227;o &#233; melhor! Tenho d&#250;vidas se comparar um n&#250;mero maior de pacientes resolver&#225; a quest&#227;o, j&#225; que os resultados cl&#237;nicos se tornaram t&#227;o semelhantes e t&#227;o baixos, questionando se &#233; poss&#237;vel ir al&#233;m.</p>
    <p>Outras quest&#245;es, como capacidade de entrega e acesso aprimorado ao ramo lateral, tamb&#233;m s&#227;o valiosas para os cardiologistas intervencionistas. Um stent n&#227;o colocado corretamente ou que impe&#231;a o acesso a um ramo lateral pode comprometer todos os procedimentos. Tais &#8220;detalhes&#8221; n&#227;o s&#227;o comumente captados na maioria dos estudos. Al&#233;m da inten&#231;&#227;o de tratar todos os participantes, ensaios randomizados, registros e pequenos estudos n&#227;o s&#227;o desenvolvidos e projetados para abordar adequadamente esses &#8220;detalhes&#8221;. Ele vem com a experi&#234;ncia di&#225;ria individual.</p>
    <p>Um stent ultrafino com menos metal, uma geometria adequada e um bom compromisso entre for&#231;a radial, flexibilidade, conformabilidade e capacidade de entrega pode se tornar uma quarta gera&#231;&#227;o. No entanto, suponha que almejamos melhorias futuras significativas. Nesse caso, precisamos estender para outras plataformas de stent, o que garante seguran&#231;a com menos 2DAPT e entregabilidade, desaparecendo quando o andaime n&#227;o &#233; mais necess&#225;rio, restaurando a normalidade das paredes dos vasos e prevenindo a neoaterosclerose local. Por que n&#227;o?</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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              <surname>Moura</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Silveira</surname>
              <given-names>AD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bergoli</surname>
              <given-names>LC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fuchs</surname>
              <given-names>FC</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Avalia&#231;&#227;o no Mundo Real de um Stent Eluidor de Sirolimus de Hastes Ultrafinas em Pacientes com Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST Submetidos &#224; Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea Prim&#225;ria (Registro INSTEMI)</article-title>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220594">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220594</ext-link>
          </comment>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2023</year>
          <volume>120</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <elocation-id>e20220594</elocation-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Avalia&#231;&#227;o no Mundo Real de um Stent Eluidor de Sirolimus de Hastes Ultrafinas em Pacientes com Infarto do Mioc&#225;rdio com Supradesnivelamento do Segmento ST Submetidos &#224; Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea Prim&#225;ria (Registro INSTEMI)</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Are We Reaching the End of the Evolutionary Road to Metallic Drug-Eluting Stents? Which 4<sup>th</sup> Generation Stents Do We Need?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2179-4738</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Almeida</surname>
            <given-names>Manuel Sousa</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro de Interven&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular Estrutural &#8211; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">NOVA Medical School &#8211; Faculdade de Ci&#234;ncias M&#233;dicas, Lisboa &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Manuel Sousa Almeida &#8226; Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental EPE Hospital de Santa Cruz &#8211; Cardiology &#8211; Rua Professor Reynaldo dos Santos Carnaxide 2790-134 &#8211; Portugal E-mail: almeidams@sapo.pt </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Stents/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Vessels Anomalies</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention/trends</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Thrombosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Angioplasty,Transluminal Percutaneous Coronary</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Infarction</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Stents are the cornerstone of current PCI. It guarantees safety, a predictable acute angiographic upshot, and long-term acceptable clinical outcomes.</p>
      <p>Its current accomplishment is, undoubtedly, linked to a successful evolutionary road driven by continuous unmet medical needs endured by device companies eager to gain market shares.</p>
      <p>From the first stent, aimed to bailout treatment of threatful coronary dissections,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> acute stent thrombosis upraised as the most concerned complication, later successfully addressed by proper stent wall apposition<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> and double antiplatelet treatment.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Then, high rates of restenosis, particularly in diabetics, remained the biggest restraint, who was solved in 2002 by the advent of drug-eluting stents<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> accompanied by higher late acute stent thrombosis,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> a trade-off due to non-biocompatible polymers and dysfunctional endothelial healing.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Initially, controlled with longer and more aggressive antiplatelet strategies<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup>, was later resolved with newer biocompatible polymers, the current 3rd generation stents. In between, newer metallic alloys allowed iterative improvements in strut thickness, flexibility, deliverability, and vessel conformability, making interventionist work much easier now.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Araujo et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> in their paper entitled: &#8220;Real-World Assessment of an Ultrathin Strut, Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Submitted to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (INSTEMI Registry)&#8221;, analyzed data from a real-world STEMI multicenter registry in southern Brazil, and compared a new ultrathin (75&#181;m) CrCo alloy stent with a short term sirolimus elution (45 days) from a biocompatible degradable (9 months) abluminal polymer with a mix of current standard workhorses stents.</p>
      <p>For this comparison, they select from a larger population of STEMI patients treated with PPCI in two tertiary centers, two propensity-matched groups, each with 353 patients, treated with Inspiron&#8482; stent (709 stents) and a control group, a mix of DES, regarding the drug (sirolimus in 22% and non-sirolimus in 78%), the biodegradable polymer distribution (abluminal in only 2%) and durability (durable in 78%), and the strut thickness (&#8804;75&#181;m in 20%), on a total of 716 stents of current 3<sup>rd</sup> generation stents. Although such heterogeneity, for this study, it does not compromise the results and conclusions. As stated, the authors aimed to compare a newer DES with the current workhorses DES in a real-world standard of care.</p>
      <p>In addition to those pointed out by the authors, it had some limitations, such as the duration of the 2DPT, not mentioned anywhere, per protocol at the operator&#8217;s discretion. Differences between groups could jeopardize the results in such a long follow-up. Albeit the propensity-matched groups, stent length was significantly and meaningful higher in Inspiron&#8482; (10mm longer on average), along with other minor differences also accounted for.</p>
      <p>Nevertheless, and for this study, they reached valid conclusions: until 17 months follow-up, in patients treated by PPCI, the use of Inspiron&#8482; stent seems to be as safe and effective as other current standard-of-care third-generation stents.</p>
      <p>A glass half full, half empty. The Inspiron&#8482; is as good as current stents, but not better! I am doubtful if comparing a larger number of patients will resolve the question, as clinical outcomes became so similar and so low, questioning if it is possible to go further.</p>
      <p>Other issues like deliverability and enhanced side branch access are also valuable to interventional cardiologists. A stent not properly delivered or impeding a side branch access may jeopardize all procedures. Such &#8220;details&#8221; are not commonly grabbed in most studies. Besides the intention to treat all comers, randomized trials, registries, and small studies are not powered and designed to properly tackle such &#8220;details.&#8221; It comes with individual daily experience.</p>
      <p>An ultrathin stent with less metal, a proper geometry, and a good compromise between radial force, flexibility, conformability, and deliverability may become a fourth generation. However, suppose we aim for meaningful future improvements. In that case, we need to extend up for other stent platforms, which guarantees safety with less 2DAPT and deliverability, vanishing a way when scaffolding is no longer needed, restoring vessel walls to normality, and preventing local neo-atherosclerosis. Why not?</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Real-World Assessment of an Ultrathin Strut, Sirolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Submitted to Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (INSTEMI Registry)</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
