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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">pmFSxktyFgLVmSGzQ6QdcvG</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000601001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220933</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Uma Apresenta&#231;&#227;o At&#237;pica e N&#227;o-Card&#237;aca de Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2465-2217</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Alexandre</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados,Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Roque</surname>
            <given-names>Carla</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados,Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>S&#225;</surname>
            <given-names>Isabel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados,Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Torres</surname>
            <given-names>Severo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio do Porto EPE</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio do Porto EPE, Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Porto</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biom&#233;dicas Abel Salazar</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Porto &#8211; Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biom&#233;dicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Andr&#233; Alexandre &#8226; Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio do Porto EPE &#8211; Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>andrealexandre_1@msn.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220933</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>05</day>
          <month>04</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Cardiomiopatia Hipertr&#243;fica</kwd>
        <kwd>Acidente Vascular Cerebral</kwd>
        <kwd>Aneurisma Card&#237;aco</kwd>
        <kwd>Imagem Multimodal</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="4"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Um homem brasileiro de 33 anos foi admitido no departamento de emerg&#234;ncia com in&#237;cio s&#250;bito de afasia global e hemiparesia direita. Uma angiotomografia de urg&#234;ncia das art&#233;rias cerebrais confirmou o diagn&#243;stico de acidente vascular cerebral (AVC), mostrando uma oclus&#227;o da art&#233;ria car&#243;tida interna esquerda. O paciente foi submetido a tromb&#243;lise sist&#234;mica e trombectomia mec&#226;nica com posterior melhora neurol&#243;gica. Considerando o diagn&#243;stico de AVC em um adulto jovem provavelmente de origem cardioemb&#243;lica, ele realizou uma avalia&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica completa. De real&#231;ar que tinha antecedentes familiares de cardiomiopatia, nomeadamente o pai com cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica (CMH) e o av&#244; com doen&#231;a de Chagas. No entanto, o paciente n&#227;o apresentava sintomas card&#237;acos (como dispneia aos esfor&#231;os, dor tor&#225;cica, palpita&#231;&#245;es ou s&#237;ncope), fatores de risco cardiovascular ou hist&#243;ria de abuso de drogas il&#237;citas, e n&#227;o fazia exames card&#237;acos desde a juventude. Durante a interna&#231;&#227;o, seu eletrocardiograma apresentava ritmo sinusal (68/minutos) com invers&#227;o da onda T nas deriva&#231;&#245;es inferiores (II, III, aVF), deriva&#231;&#245;es I e V6, mas sem crit&#233;rios de hipertrofia ventricular esquerda (VE). Realizou tamb&#233;m Holter 24 horas, descartando fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial ou outras arritmias. A ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1</xref> , <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12006/2022-0933_IM_Supplementary_Video_1.mp4">V&#237;deo Complementar 1</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12006/2022-0933_IM_Supplementary_Video_2.mp4">V&#237;deo Complementar 2</ext-link>) revelou hipertrofia septal ventricular assim&#233;trica moderada (espessura do septo interventricular 14 mm, espessura da parede posterior 9 mm), fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o VE discretamente reduzida (45%), acinesia apical e imagem sugestivo de trombo, explicando o AVC cardioemb&#243;lico. A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca (RMC) confirmou o diagn&#243;stico de CMH, com extensa fibrose apical e acinesia dos segmentos apicais, delineando aneurisma apical e trombo ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2</xref> ). A coronariografia foi realizada quanto &#224; possibilidade de cardiopatia isqu&#234;mica concomitante, descartando-se doen&#231;a arterial coronariana obstrutiva. O exame sorol&#243;gico para <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi</italic> foi negativo. O paciente iniciou anticoagula&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica com antagonista da vitamina K (AVK). Considerando o diagn&#243;stico de CMH com fibrose apical extensa e aneurisma apical, ap&#243;s tomada de decis&#227;o compartilhada pelo paciente, optou-se pela coloca&#231;&#227;o de cardioversor-desfibrilador implant&#225;vel subcut&#226;neo (S-CDI). Teve alta ap&#243;s 18 dias. No seguimento de 1 ano, o ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico de controle mostrou resolu&#231;&#227;o completa do trombo apical, e o paciente permaneceu em anticoagula&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica com AVK.</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>&#8211; Ecocardiografia transtor&#225;cica levantando a suspeita de cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica e trombo apical. Painel A) Ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico (corte apical quatro c&#226;maras) mostrando hipertrofia septal assim&#233;trica do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) (seta vermelha) e imagem sugestiva de trombo (seta branca). Painel B) imagem de zoom (da vis&#227;o apical de quatro c&#226;maras) representando uma massa hiperec&#243;ica dentro do &#225;pice do VE. VE: ventr&#237;culo esquerdo.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-06-e20220933-20933-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f02">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>&#8211; Resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica cardiovascular (RMC) confirmando o diagn&#243;stico de cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica. Painel A) Imagem de RMC sem contraste em precess&#227;o livre de estado estacion&#225;rio (vis&#227;o de quatro c&#226;maras) mostrando hipertrofia significativa do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo (VE) e um &#225;pice aneurism&#225;tico do VE (setas) contendo um trombo intracavit&#225;rio (seta preta). Painel B) Sequ&#234;ncia de recupera&#231;&#227;o da invers&#227;o da RMC (vis&#227;o de quatro c&#226;maras) confirmando o diagn&#243;stico de cardiomiopatia hipertr&#243;fica. H&#225; realce tardio intramioc&#225;rdico irregular (RTG) no septo interventricular (seta vermelha), RTG transmural no &#225;pice e segmento apical lateral do VE (setas brancas) e um trombo intracavit&#225;rio (seta preta) dentro do aneurisma do VE.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-06-e20220933-20933-gf02.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>A CMH &#233; uma doen&#231;a card&#237;aca relativamente comum, mas ainda subdiagnosticada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Este caso ilustra uma primeira apresenta&#231;&#227;o n&#227;o card&#237;aca extremamente rara e com risco de vida de CMH. Esse fen&#243;tipo incomum de CMH com aneurisma apical do VE com cicatriz e paredes finas est&#225; associado a um risco aumentado de morte s&#250;bita arr&#237;tmica e acidente vascular cerebral tromboemb&#243;lico.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> A imagiologia cardiovascular multimodal &#233; de suma import&#226;ncia para o diagn&#243;stico etiol&#243;gico de acidente vascular cerebral cardioemb&#243;lico em uma idade jovem. A penetra&#231;&#227;o ampliada da RMC na pr&#225;tica de rotina &#233; essencial para diagnosticar esse fen&#243;tipo de CMH, que traz implica&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas e de manejo significativas, como terapia com cardioversor desfibrilador implant&#225;vel e anticoagula&#231;&#227;o sist&#234;mica para preven&#231;&#227;o de AVC.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <sec>
      <title>* Material suplementar</title>
      <p>Para informa&#231;&#227;o adicional, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12006/2022-0933_IM_Supplementary_Materials.pdf">clique aqui</ext-link>.</p>
      <p>Para assistir ao v&#237;deo suplementar 1, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12006/2022-0933_IM_Supplementary_Video_1.mp4">clique aqui</ext-link>.</p>
      <p>Para assistir ao v&#237;deo suplementar 2, por favor, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12006/2022-0933_IM_Supplementary_Video_2.mp4">clique aqui</ext-link>.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este artigo n&#227;o cont&#233;m estudos com humanos ou animais realizados por nenhum dos autores.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>An Atypical Non-Cardiac Presentation of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-2465-2217</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Alexandre</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233;</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data and Analysis and interpretation of the data,Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Roque</surname>
            <given-names>Carla</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data and Analysis and interpretation of the data,Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>S&#225;</surname>
            <given-names>Isabel</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research, Acquisition of data and Analysis and interpretation of the data,Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Torres</surname>
            <given-names>Severo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio do Porto EPE, Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Porto &#8211; Instituto de Ci&#234;ncias Biom&#233;dicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Andr&#233; Alexandre &#8226; Centro Hospitalar Universit&#225;rio do Porto EPE &#8211; Largo do Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto &#8211; Portugal E-mail: andrealexandre_1@msn.com</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy</kwd>
        <kwd>Stroke</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Aneurysm</kwd>
        <kwd>Multimodal Imaging</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A 33-year-old Brazilian man was admitted to the emergency department with sudden onset of global aphasia and right hemiparesis. An urgent CT angiography of the cerebral arteries confirmed the stroke diagnosis, showing an occlusion of the left internal carotid artery. The patient underwent systemic thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy with subsequent neurological improvement. Considering the stroke diagnosis in a young adult most likely of cardioembolic origin, he undertook a thorough diagnostic workup. Of importance, he had a family history of cardiomyopathy, namely his father with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and his grandfather with Chagas disease. However, the patient had no cardiac symptoms (such as exertional dyspnea, chest pain, palpitations, or syncope), cardiovascular risk factors, or history of illicit drug abuse, and he had not performed heart tests since his youth. During hospitalization, his electrocardiogram showed sinus rhythm (68/minute) with T-wave inversion in inferior leads (II, III, aVF), leads I and V6, but no criteria for left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy. He also performed a 24-hour Holter monitoring, ruling out atrial fibrillation or other arrhythmias. Transthoracic echocardiography ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1</xref> , <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12006/2022-0933_IM_Supplementary_Video_1.mp4">Supplementary Video 1</ext-link>, <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12006/2022-0933_IM_Supplementary_Video_2.mp4">Supplementary Video 2</ext-link>) revealed moderate asymmetric septal LV hypertrophy (interventricular septum thickness 14 mm, posterior wall thickness 9 mm), mildly reduced LV ejection fraction (45%), apical akinesia, and an image suggestive of thrombus, explaining the cardioembolic stroke. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) confirmed the diagnosis of HCM, with extensive apical fibrosis and akinesia of the apical segments, outlining an apical aneurysm and thrombus ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2</xref> ). Coronary angiography was performed regarding the possibility of concomitant ischemic heart disease, ruling out obstructive coronary artery disease. Serologic examination for <italic>Trypanosoma cruzi</italic> was negative. The patient was started on systemic anticoagulation with a vitamin K antagonist (VKA). Considering the diagnosis of HCM with extensive apical fibrosis and an apical aneurism, after patient-shared decision-making, it was decided to place a subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD). He was discharged after 18 days. At the 1-year follow-up, control transthoracic echocardiography showed complete resolution of the apical thrombus, and the patient remained on systemic anticoagulation with a VKA.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01001">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Transthoracic echocardiography raising the suspicion of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and apical thrombus. Panel A) Transthoracic echocardiography (apical four-chamber view) showing asymmetric septal left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (red arrow) and an image suggestive of thrombus (white arrow). Panel B) Zoom image (from apical four-chamber view) depicting a hyperechoic mass within the LV apex.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-06-e20220933-20933-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02001">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) confirming the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Panel A) Cine steady state-free precession non-contrast CMR image (four-chamber view) showing significant left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy and an aneurysmatic LV apex (arrowheads) containing an intracavitary thrombus (black arrow). Panel B) CMR inversion recovery sequence (four-chamber view) confirming the diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. There is patchy intramyocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) in the interventricular septum (red arrow), transmural LGE at the apex and lateral apical LV segment (white arrowheads), and an intracavitary thrombus (black arrow) within the LV aneurysm.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-06-e20220933-20933-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>HCM is a relatively common but still underdiagnosed cardiac disease.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> This case illustrates an extremely rare and life-threatening non-cardiac first presentation of HCM. This unusual HCM phenotype with a thin-walled, scarred LV apical aneurysm is associated with an increased risk of sudden arrhythmic death and thromboembolic stroke.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Multimodality cardiovascular imaging is of paramount importance for the etiological diagnosis of cardioembolic stroke at a young age. The expanded penetration of CMR into routine practice is essential to diagnose this HCM phenotype, which raises significant prognostic and management implications, such as implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy and systemic anticoagulation for stroke prevention.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <sec>
        <title>* Supplemental Materials</title>
        <p>For additional information, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12006/2022-0933_IM_Supplementary_Materials.pdf">click here</ext-link>.</p>
        <p>See the Supplemental Video 1, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12006/2022-0933_IM_Supplementary_Video_1.mp4">click here</ext-link>.</p>
        <p>See the Supplemental Video 2, please <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://abccardiol.org/supplementary-material/2023/12006/2022-0933_IM_Supplementary_Video_2.mp4">click here</ext-link>.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
