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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">5YnWvq8WYwM8RnvQs6C9hhx</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000600901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220875</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Implantes Mec&#226;nicos Valvares: Quais Seus Efeitos A Longo Prazo?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0903-7806</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marinho</surname>
            <given-names>Eldys Myler Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3486-8548</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>J&#250;lio Martinez Martinez</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Brito</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Achilles de Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9679-5287</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Johnnatas Mikael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Petrolina</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PE</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco (UNIVASF) &#8211; Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, Petrolina, PE &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Paulo Afonso</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco (UNIVASF) &#8211; Medicina, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Neuroci&#234;ncia</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Jo&#227;o Pessoa</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PB</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba - Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Neuroci&#234;ncia, Jo&#227;o Pessoa, PB &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Jo&#227;o Pessoa</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">PB</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba &#8211; Medicina, Jo&#227;o Pessoa, PB &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Johnnatas Mikael Lopes &#8226; UNIVASF &#8211; Colegiado de Medicina &#8211; Centro de Forma&#231;&#227;o Profissional de Paulo Afonso (CFPPA) &#8211; Rua da Aurora, S/N Quadra 27 Lote 3. CEP 48607-190, Bairro General Dutra, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>johnnataslopes2@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>17</day>
        <month>07</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>6</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220875</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>15</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>An&#225;lise de Sobrevida</kwd>
        <kwd>Implante de Pr&#243;tese de Valva Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Embolia</kwd>
        <kwd>Trombose</kwd>
        <kwd>&#211;bito</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="6"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="12"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Procedimentos cir&#250;rgicos para a substitui&#231;&#227;o de estruturas corporais por meio de pr&#243;teses talvez sejam as interven&#231;&#245;es m&#233;dicas que exigem grande per&#237;cia e monitoramento cont&#237;nuo, prolongando a vida e a sa&#250;de de in&#250;meras pessoas. Este foi um tema da pesquisa intitulada &#8220; <italic>Aspectos Cl&#237;nicos e de Sobrevida de Pacientes p&#243;s Implante de Valva Mec&#226;nica, com &#202;nfase em Trombose de Pr&#243;tese Valvar</italic> &#8221; de Tagliari et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> publicado no volume 119, n&#250;mero 5 deste peri&#243;dico.</p>
    <p>Dentre as diversas contribui&#231;&#245;es que o estudo nos traz, h&#225; achados que precisam de mais esclarecimentos para que seja poss&#237;vel uma utilidade cl&#237;nica e de sa&#250;de p&#250;blica das interven&#231;&#245;es de implante valvar mec&#226;nicas.</p>
    <p>Iniciamos analisando os efeitos do tipo de pr&#243;tese nos par&#226;metros ecocardiogr&#225;ficos. Os autores mostraram que ambos os grupos apresentaram aumento significativo do FEVE (%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Contudo, seria necess&#225;ria uma compara&#231;&#227;o entre os grupos para melhor discernimento dos leitores, o que mostramos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1">tabela 1</xref> , para uma avalia&#231;&#227;o da efic&#225;cia neste indicador. &#201; poss&#237;vel afirmar que os grupos s&#227;o semelhantes estatisticamente, como visto no manuscrito. Entretanto, o efeito dos transplantes de pr&#243;tese na posi&#231;&#227;o mitral e mitral-a&#243;rtico &#233; pequeno no FEVE, pois o <italic>d</italic> de Cohen &#233; menor que 0,50,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> enquanto o efeito da pr&#243;tese a&#243;rtico &#233; moderado. Isto faz surgir a pergunta: Qual a implica&#231;&#227;o dessa diferen&#231;a de efeito cl&#237;nico na conduta m&#233;dica de seguimento, progn&#243;stico e reabilita&#231;&#227;o f&#237;sica do paciente? As outras vari&#225;veis ecocardiogr&#225;ficas n&#227;o permitem mais an&#225;lise por aus&#234;ncia de dados estat&#237;sticos de raz&#227;o cr&#237;tica ou falta de comparabilidade.</p>
    <p>
      <table-wrap id="t1">
        <label>Tabela 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>&#8211; An&#225;lise comparativa dos grupos de pr&#243;tese valvar e seus efeitos cl&#237;nicos</title>
        </caption>
        <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
          <colgroup>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
            <col/>
          </colgroup>
          <thead>
            <tr>
              <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
              <th>M&#233;dia antes</th>
              <th>M&#233;dia depois</th>
              <th>Dp Antes</th>
              <th>Dp Depois</th>
              <th>Cohen d</th>
              <th>IC95+</th>
              <th>IC95-</th>
            </tr>
          </thead>
          <tbody>
            <tr>
              <td>Pr&#243;tese posi&#231;&#227;o A&#243;rtica</td>
              <td align="center">54,1</td>
              <td align="center">62,6</td>
              <td align="center">14,7</td>
              <td align="center">12</td>
              <td align="center">0,64</td>
              <td align="center">54,13</td>
              <td align="center">62,57</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Pr&#243;tese posi&#231;&#227;o Mitral</td>
              <td align="center">54,2</td>
              <td align="center">56,8</td>
              <td align="center">2,7</td>
              <td align="center">13,4</td>
              <td align="center">0,32</td>
              <td align="center">54,23</td>
              <td align="center">56,72</td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Pr&#243;tese nas posi&#231;&#245;es Mitro-a&#243;rtico</td>
              <td align="center">55,5</td>
              <td align="center">61,2</td>
              <td align="center">14,2</td>
              <td align="center">12,7</td>
              <td align="center">0,42</td>
              <td align="center">55,55</td>
              <td align="center">61,15</td>
            </tr>
          </tbody>
        </table>
        <table-wrap-foot>
          <fn id="TFN1">
            <p>Dp: desvio-padr&#227;o; IC: intervalo de confian&#231;a.</p>
          </fn>
        </table-wrap-foot>
      </table-wrap>
    </p>
    <p>Outro ponto que merece uma an&#225;lise mais aprofundada &#233; a an&#225;lise de sobrevida.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Este tipo de an&#225;lise &#233; aplicado para diversos eventos, mas numa abordagem descritiva de curvas de Kaplan Meyer o interesse sempre &#233; o tempo em que 50% da amostra apresenta o desfecho ou algum per&#237;odo espec&#237;fico como um ano. No referido estudo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> foram dois desfechos apresentados no m&#233;todo: &#243;bito e trombose de pr&#243;tese. Entretanto, na figura 3 do estudo em an&#225;lise, n&#227;o h&#225; como saber se se trata da sobrevida do desfecho &#243;bito ou trombose. Subentende-se que seria o desfecho trombose devido a que o suplemento de gr&#225;ficos se remete a este desfecho para outras vari&#225;veis independentes. Caso contr&#225;rio, h&#225; incoer&#234;ncia na organiza&#231;&#227;o das evid&#234;ncias.</p>
    <p>&#201; fortemente interessante a apresenta&#231;&#227;o das curvas de sobrevida para ambos os desfechos assim como explicitar o tempo mediano de sobrevida que auxilia na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica e planejamento de a&#231;&#245;es no p&#243;s-cir&#250;rgico. Destaca-se tamb&#233;m que a curva de Kaplan Meyer apenas descreve o tempo de sobrevida e que &#233; o teste de <italic>Log Rank</italic> que especifica a diferen&#231;a entre o tempo de sobrevida nos grupos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Al&#233;m da apresenta&#231;&#227;o da an&#225;lise bruta de sobrevida de ambos os desfechos e seus tempos de meia-vida, &#233; tamb&#233;m salutar a an&#225;lise do &#243;bito e da trombose valvar &#224; luz da regress&#227;o de Cox para ajuste de efeitos pois somente foi apresentado para o desfecho &#243;bito. Neste &#250;ltimo caso, n&#227;o ficou consistente se deveria se aplicar Cox de riscos proporcionais ou Cox tempo-dependente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Seria necess&#225;rio apresentar a an&#225;lise bruta para esse desfecho anteriormente.</p>
    <p>Se o desfecho fosse a trombose, h&#225; elementos gr&#225;ficos no suplemento para contraindicar o Cox de riscos proporcionais. Os gr&#225;ficos de sobrevida sugerem riscos desproporcionais ao longo do tempo para os grupos das vari&#225;veis independentes analisadas. Adicionalmente, o <italic>Hazard ratio</italic> &#233; uma medida de efeito que tem implica&#231;&#227;o sobre o tempo para o desfecho acontecer. Foi aplicada a interpreta&#231;&#227;o do risco relativo que &#233; a medida de efeito que incide sobre a probabilidade de o desfecho ocorrer e n&#227;o sobre o tempo para a ocorr&#234;ncia do mesmo. Isto reflete sobre o achado ser &#250;til no manejo tempo-dependente ou n&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Por fim, ficam d&#250;vidas que ainda podem ser sanadas atrav&#233;s de uma an&#225;lise de sobrevida bruta e ajustada mais adequada como: as diferentes pr&#243;teses t&#234;m efeito distintos no &#243;bito e na trombose independente das caracter&#237;sticas demogr&#225;ficas e cl&#237;nicas da amostra? Quais vari&#225;veis cl&#237;nicas t&#234;m efeito sobre os desfechos controlando a a&#231;&#227;o do implante? Como esses achados podem ser manejados durante a recupera&#231;&#227;o dos pacientes?</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta-resposta</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tagliari</surname>
            <given-names>F&#225;bio</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Correia</surname>
            <given-names>Marcelo Goulart</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Amorim</surname>
            <given-names>Guilherme Dalcol</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Colafranceschi</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre Siciliano</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pedroso</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o Manoel</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
            <given-names>Luiz Fernando</given-names>
            <suffix>Junior</suffix>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Tagliari</surname>
            <given-names>Thaisa Rodrigues</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Weksler</surname>
            <given-names>Clara</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lamas</surname>
            <given-names>Cristiane</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Agradecemos o interesse pelo nosso artigo &#8220;Aspectos Cl&#237;nicos e de Sobrevida de Pacientes p&#243;s Implante de Valva Mec&#226;nica, com &#202;nfase em Trombose de Pr&#243;tese Valvar&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref></sup> demonstrado pelos autores da carta. Em resposta aos questionamentos feitos, a respeito do aumento da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o nos diferentes grupos de implantes prot&#233;ticos, de fato nosso banco de dados carece de informa&#231;&#245;es mais detalhadas para um estudo comparativo entre esses grupos. Seria necess&#225;ria uma avalia&#231;&#227;o ecocardiogr&#225;fica qualitativa de maior abrang&#234;ncia, com medidas diferentes para os diferentes tipos de doen&#231;a valvar. Essa an&#225;lise seria bastante complexa, dada a ampla apresenta&#231;&#227;o da gravidade da cardiopatia orovalvar, seja univalvar, podendo a les&#227;o ser pura ou mista, com predom&#237;nio ou n&#227;o de insufici&#234;ncia ou estenose valvar, e multivalvar, especialmente o comprometimento de mitral e a&#243;rtica, com diferentes apresenta&#231;&#245;es hemodin&#226;micas e graus de gravidade,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref></sup> tempo de doen&#231;a card&#237;aca orovalvar prolongado (observado mais nos pacientes reum&#225;ticos<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref></sup> ), e pacientes submetidos a retroca valvar. Essas muitas vari&#225;veis limitam a compara&#231;&#227;o entre os pacientes. Contudo, podemos dizer que as les&#245;es da v&#225;lvula a&#243;rtica, sejam regurgitantes ou esten&#243;ticas, quando do in&#237;cio dos sintomas, costumam evoluir com uma melhora mais evidente da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s troca valvar, no acompanhamento tardio desses pacientes, j&#225; descritos na literatura cl&#225;ssica desde d&#233;cadas passadas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref></sup> J&#225; as valvopatias mitrais apresentam-se com uma hemodin&#226;mica diferente, seja por um ventr&#237;culo esquerdo preservado na les&#227;o esten&#243;tica, ou por uma fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o pseudonormal, superestimada, na les&#227;o regurgitante, mais evidente nos sintom&#225;ticos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref></sup> Nas les&#245;es mitrais, portanto, mesmo ap&#243;s troca valvar, n&#227;o h&#225; aumento significativo da fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o no p&#243;s implante valvar prot&#233;tico em ambos tipos. Associa-se a isso diferentes graus de hipertens&#227;o arterial pulmonar, com ou sem disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita e insufici&#234;ncia tric&#250;spide secund&#225;ria, onde a intensidade das altera&#231;&#245;es estruturais mioc&#225;rdicas conferem um progn&#243;stico mais reservado a esses pacientes. Doen&#231;as valvares avan&#231;adas, mais percept&#237;veis em patologias da v&#225;lvula mitral e combinadas, a&#243;rtica e valvar, apresentam progn&#243;sticos menos favor&#225;veis em rela&#231;&#227;o aos a&#243;rticos, com reabilita&#231;&#227;o mais prolongada, sendo os pacientes mais sintom&#225;ticos, de maneira geral, o que torna-se mais evidente quando coexiste disfun&#231;&#227;o ventricular direita j&#225; instalada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref></sup> Desse modo, a indica&#231;&#227;o de cirurgia de troca valvar o mais precocemente poss&#237;vel, antes da degrada&#231;&#227;o estrutural card&#237;aca, respeitando-se os riscos cir&#250;rgicos inerentes, proporcionar&#225; os melhores desfechos cl&#237;nicos de reabilita&#231;&#227;o e melhor progn&#243;stico no seguimento m&#233;dico ao paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref></sup> A press&#227;o sist&#243;lica de art&#233;ria pulmonar (PSAP) nos pareceu a mais interessante das vari&#225;veis ecocardiogr&#225;ficas para uma poss&#237;vel an&#225;lise, contudo, por ser um banco de dados retrospectivo, tivemos muitos valores n&#227;o aferidos (&#8220;missing&#8221;), como demonstrado na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2">tabela 1</xref> . De todo modo, ao analisarmos no grupo dos pacientes mitro-a&#243;rticos, as diferen&#231;as da PSAP 1, aferida no ecocardiograma pr&#233; cirurgia de troca valvar, com a PSAP2, aferida no &#250;ltimo ecocardiograma dispon&#237;vel para o paciente, encontramos expressiva queda de valores, com signific&#226;ncia estat&#237;stica apenas para os mitroa&#243;rticos (m&#233;dia 40,5&#177; 13,6 pr&#233; troca valvar vs. 32,6 &#177;10,2, p&lt;0,001 pelo t de Student).</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t2">
          <label>Tabela 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Resultados de press&#227;o sist&#243;lica de art&#233;ria pulmonar em banco de dados de pacientes submetidos a troca valvar mec&#226;nica, INC 2011-2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Categorias</th>
                <th>Procedimento</th>
                <th>N</th>
                <th>Omisso</th>
                <th>M&#233;dia</th>
                <th>Mediana</th>
                <th>Desvio-padr&#227;o</th>
                <th>M&#237;nimo</th>
                <th>M&#225;ximo</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">PSAP1</td>
                <td align="center">A&#243;rtica</td>
                <td align="center">94</td>
                <td align="center">142</td>
                <td align="center">33,8</td>
                <td align="center">33</td>
                <td align="center">9,69</td>
                <td align="center">13</td>
                <td align="center">60</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mitral</td>
                <td align="center">61</td>
                <td align="center">34</td>
                <td align="center">36,7</td>
                <td align="center">35</td>
                <td align="center">13,52</td>
                <td align="center">14</td>
                <td align="center">71</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mitroa&#243;rtica</td>
                <td align="center">79</td>
                <td align="center">62</td>
                <td align="center">40,3</td>
                <td align="center">40</td>
                <td align="center">13,28</td>
                <td align="center">18</td>
                <td align="center">84</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">PSAP2</td>
                <td align="center">A&#243;rtica</td>
                <td align="center">122</td>
                <td align="center">114</td>
                <td align="center">30,9</td>
                <td align="center">28</td>
                <td align="center">10,62</td>
                <td align="center">16</td>
                <td align="center">90</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mitral</td>
                <td align="center">60</td>
                <td align="center">35</td>
                <td align="center">35,3</td>
                <td align="center">32,5</td>
                <td align="center">11,08</td>
                <td align="center">22</td>
                <td align="center">86</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mitroa&#243;rtica</td>
                <td align="center">83</td>
                <td align="center">58</td>
                <td align="center">32,1</td>
                <td align="center">30</td>
                <td align="center">9,65</td>
                <td align="center">18</td>
                <td align="center">82</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN2">
              <p>PSAP1: press&#227;o sist&#243;lica de art&#233;ria pulmonar em ecocardiograma realizado antes da troca valvar; PSAP2: press&#227;o sist&#243;lica de art&#233;ria pulmonar em ecocardiograma realizado ap&#243;s troca valvar no seguimento mais tardio do paciente</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Em rela&#231;&#227;o &#224; an&#225;lise de sobrevida, na figura 3 do artigo,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref></sup> a curva de sobrevida diz respeito a &#243;bito por todas as causas. As curvas de Kaplan Meier para trombose de pr&#243;tese est&#227;o mostradas nos gr&#225;ficos suplementares 1 e 2, por g&#234;nero e por faixa et&#225;ria.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref></sup> &#201; importante ressaltar que tivemos apenas 5 pacientes com trombose, em 7 eventos. O evento trombose foi tardio, ocorrendo somente ap&#243;s o dia 2200. N&#227;o h&#225; massa de dados estatisticamente relevante para revelar diferen&#231;a entre os grupos de substitui&#231;&#227;o valvar mitral, a&#243;rtica ou mitro a&#243;rtica. A sobrevida mediana n&#227;o foi atingida em nenhuma das tr&#234;s curvas.</p>
      <p>Fizemos o modelo da regress&#227;o de Cox, tempo dependente, para a sobrevida/&#243;bito, utilizando vari&#225;veis julgadas clinicamente relevantes. Encontramos que, controlando pela posi&#231;&#227;o das pr&#243;teses, o &#250;nico fator que teve influ&#234;ncia sobre o &#243;bito ao longo do tempo foi a classe funcional, como vemos na <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3">tabela 2</xref> . No gr&#225;fico suplementar 6 do artigo publicado j&#225; hav&#237;amos apresentado resultados semelhantes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref></sup> N&#227;o encontramos, ao longo de nosso artigo, men&#231;&#227;o a risco relativo. N&#227;o &#233; poss&#237;vel realizar uma regress&#227;o de Cox para o evento trombose dado o n&#250;mero pequeno de eventos.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t3">
          <label>Tabela 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Regress&#227;o de Cox para &#243;bito de pacientes submetidos a troca valvar mec&#226;nica, INC 2011-2017</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left">Desfechos tempo dependentes</th>
                <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                <th>Todos</th>
                <th>HR (univariada)</th>
                <th>HR (multivariada)</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="2">IRC</td>
                <td align="center">0</td>
                <td align="center">351 (96,7)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">1</td>
                <td align="center">12 (3,3)</td>
                <td align="center">5,00 (1,73-14,49, p=0,003)</td>
                <td align="center">2,44 (0,68-8,82, p=0,173)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="4">CF</td>
                <td align="center">I</td>
                <td align="center">276 (76,0)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">II</td>
                <td align="center">77 (21,2)</td>
                <td align="center">5,20 (2,19-12,34, p&lt;0,001)</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>5,23 (2,11-12,94, p&lt;0,001)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">III</td>
                <td align="center">10 (2,8)</td>
                <td align="center">34,86 (13,37-90,89, p&lt;0,001)</td>
                <td align="center">
                  <bold>39,94 (13,37-119,37, p&lt;0,001)</bold>
                </td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">IV</td>
                <td align="center">0 (0,0)</td>
                <td align="center">NA (NA-NA, p=NA)</td>
                <td align="center">NA (NA-NA, p=NA)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="3">Procedimento</td>
                <td align="center">A&#243;rtica</td>
                <td align="center">180 (49,6)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mitral</td>
                <td align="center">71 (19,6)</td>
                <td align="center">1,61 (0,56-4,64, p=0,382)</td>
                <td align="center">0,56 (0,14-2,17, p=0,398)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Mitroa&#243;rtica</td>
                <td align="center">112 (30,9)</td>
                <td align="center">1,77 (0,79-3,96, p=0,162)</td>
                <td align="center">2,09 (0,68-6,39, p=0,198)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td rowspan="4">Etiologia Prim&#225;ria</td>
                <td align="center">Doen&#231;a Reum&#225;tica</td>
                <td align="center">244 (67,2)</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
                <td align="center">-</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Bic&#250;spide</td>
                <td align="center">51 (14,0)</td>
                <td align="center">0,47 (0,14-1,59, p=0,223)</td>
                <td align="center">1,00 (0,22-4,54, p=1,000)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Calcifica&#231;&#227;o/Degenerativa</td>
                <td align="center">53 (14,6)</td>
                <td align="center">0,34 (0,08-1,47, p=0,149)</td>
                <td align="center">0,56 (0,10-3,09, p=0,508)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td align="center">Indeterminada</td>
                <td align="center">14 (3,9)</td>
                <td align="center">1,43 (0,33-6,16, p=0,627)</td>
                <td align="center">1,02 (0,18-5,77, p=0,981)</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Idade</td>
                <td align="center">M&#233;dia (DP)</td>
                <td align="center">54,1 (10,8)</td>
                <td align="center">1,02 (0,99-1,06, p=0,197)</td>
                <td align="center">1,03 (0,99-1,08, p=0,122)</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN3">
              <p>HR: hazards ration; IRC: insufici&#234;ncia renal cr&#244;nica; CF: classe funcional de acordo com a New York Heart Association (I-IV).</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
    </body>
    <back>
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    </back>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Mechanical Valve Implants: What Are Their Long-Term Effects?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-0903-7806</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Marinho</surname>
            <given-names>Eldys Myler Santos</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-3486-8548</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Santos</surname>
            <given-names>J&#250;lio Martinez Martinez</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Brito</surname>
            <given-names>Bruno da Silva</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Andrade</surname>
            <given-names>Achilles de Souza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9679-5287</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Johnnatas Mikael</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco (UNIVASF) &#8211; Educa&#231;&#227;o F&#237;sica, Petrolina, PE &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco (UNIVASF) &#8211; Medicina, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba - Programa de P&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o em Neuroci&#234;ncia, Jo&#227;o Pessoa, PB &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal da Para&#237;ba &#8211; Medicina, Jo&#227;o Pessoa, PB &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Johnnatas Mikael Lopes &#8226; UNIVASF &#8211; Colegiado de Medicina &#8211; Centro de Forma&#231;&#227;o Profissional de Paulo Afonso (CFPPA) &#8211; Rua da Aurora, S/N Quadra 27 Lote 3. Postal Code 48607-190, Bairro General Dutra, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: johnnataslopes2@gmail.com</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Survival Analysis</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation</kwd>
        <kwd>Embolism</kwd>
        <kwd>Thrombosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Death</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Surgical procedures for replacing body structures through prostheses are perhaps the medical interventions that require great expertise and continuous monitoring, prolonging the lives and health of countless people. This was a theme of the research entitled &#8220; <italic>Clinical Features and Survival Analysis of Patients after Mechanical Heart Valve Replacement, with an Emphasis on Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis</italic> &#8221; by Tagliari et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> published in volume 119, number 5 of this journal.</p>
      <p>Among the various contributions the study brings us, some findings need further clarification so mechanical valve implant interventions can be useful clinically and in public health.</p>
      <p>We started by analyzing the effects of the type of prosthesis on the echocardiographic parameters. The authors showed that both groups significantly increased LVEF (%).<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> However, a comparison between the groups would be necessary for better discernment by the readers, which we show in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t1001">Table 1</xref> , for an evaluation of the effectiveness of this indicator. It is possible to state that the groups are statistically similar, as seen in the manuscript. However, the effect of prosthesis transplants in the mitral and mitral-aortic position is small on LVEF, as Cohen&#8217;s d is less than 0.50,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> whereas the effect of the aortic prosthesis is moderate. This raises the question: What is the implication of this difference in clinical effect on the medical management follow-up, prognosis, and physical rehabilitation of a patient? The other echocardiographic variables do not allow further analysis due to the absence of critical ratio statistical data or lack of comparability.</p>
      <p>
        <table-wrap id="t1001">
          <label>Table 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Comparative analysis of valve prosthesis groups and their clinical effects</title>
          </caption>
          <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
            <colgroup>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
              <col/>
            </colgroup>
            <thead>
              <tr>
                <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                <th>Media before</th>
                <th>Media after</th>
                <th>SD before</th>
                <th>SD after</th>
                <th>Cohen&#8217;s d</th>
                <th>CI95+</th>
                <th>CI95-</th>
              </tr>
            </thead>
            <tbody>
              <tr>
                <td>Prosthesis position Aortic</td>
                <td align="center">54.1</td>
                <td align="center">62.6</td>
                <td align="center">14.7</td>
                <td align="center">12</td>
                <td align="center">0.64</td>
                <td align="center">54.13</td>
                <td align="center">62.57</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Prosthesis position Mitral</td>
                <td align="center">54.2</td>
                <td align="center">56.8</td>
                <td align="center">2.7</td>
                <td align="center">13.4</td>
                <td align="center">0.32</td>
                <td align="center">54.23</td>
                <td align="center">56.72</td>
              </tr>
              <tr>
                <td>Prosthesis position Mitral and aortic</td>
                <td align="center">55.5</td>
                <td align="center">61.2</td>
                <td align="center">14.2</td>
                <td align="center">12.7</td>
                <td align="center">0.42</td>
                <td align="center">55.55</td>
                <td align="center">61.15</td>
              </tr>
            </tbody>
          </table>
          <table-wrap-foot>
            <fn id="TFN1001">
              <p>SD: standard deviation; CI: confidence interval.</p>
            </fn>
          </table-wrap-foot>
        </table-wrap>
      </p>
      <p>Another point that deserves a more in-depth analysis is survival analysis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> This type of analysis is applied to several events, but in a descriptive approach using Kaplan-Meyer curves, interest is always when 50% of the sample presents the outcome or some specific period, such as a year. In that study,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> two outcomes were presented in the method: death and prosthesis thrombosis. However, in figure 3 of the study under analysis, there is no way of knowing whether the survival is the death or thrombosis outcome. The outcome appears to be about thrombosis because the supplement graphics refer to it for other independent variables. Otherwise, there is inconsistency in the organization of evidence.</p>
      <p>It is highly interesting to present the survival curves for both outcomes and explain the median survival time, which helps in clinical practice and planning of post-surgical actions. It is also noteworthy that the Kaplan-Meyer curve only describes the survival time and that the Log Rank test specifies the difference between the survival time in the groups.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In addition to the presentation of the crude survival analysis of both outcomes and their half-life times, it is also important to analyze death and valve thrombosis in the light of Cox regression to adjust the effects since it was only presented for the outcome of death. In the latter case, it was not consistent whether to apply proportional hazards Cox or time-dependent Cox.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> It would be necessary to present the crude analysis for this outcome previously.</p>
      <p>If the outcome was thrombosis, there are graphics in the supplement to contraindicate Cox proportional hazards. Survival graphs suggest disproportionate risks over time for the groups of independent variables analyzed. Additionally, the Hazard ratio is an effect measure that has implications on time for the outcome to occur. The relative risk interpretation was applied, which is the measure of the effect that focuses on the probability of the outcome occurring and not on time for its occurrence. This reflects on whether the finding is useful in time-dependent management or not.</p>
      <p>Finally, some doubts can still be resolved through an adequate crude and adjusted survival analysis, such as: do the different prostheses have different effects on death and thrombosis, regardless of the demographic and clinical characteristics of the sample? What clinical variables affect outcomes controlling implant action? How can these findings be managed during patient recovery?</p>
    </body>
    <sub-article article-type="reply" id="S02" xml:lang="en">
      <front-stub>
        <article-categories>
          <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
            <subject>Reply</subject>
          </subj-group>
        </article-categories>
        <title-group>
          <article-title>Reply</article-title>
        </title-group>
        <contrib-group>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tagliari</surname>
              <given-names>F&#225;bio</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Correia</surname>
              <given-names>Marcelo Goulart</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Amorim</surname>
              <given-names>Guilherme Dalcol</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Colafranceschi</surname>
              <given-names>Alexandre Siciliano</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Pedroso</surname>
              <given-names>Jo&#227;o Manoel</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rodrigues</surname>
              <given-names>Luiz Fernando</given-names>
              <suffix>Junior</suffix>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tagliari</surname>
              <given-names>Thaisa Rodrigues</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Weksler</surname>
              <given-names>Clara</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
          <contrib contrib-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lamas</surname>
              <given-names>Cristiane</given-names>
            </name>
          </contrib>
        </contrib-group>
      </front-stub>
      <body>
        <p>Thank you for your interest in our article &#8220;Clinical and Survival Aspects of Patients after Mechanical Valve Implantation, with Emphasis on Prosthetic Valve Thrombosis&#8221;<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref></sup> demonstrated by the authors&#8217; letter. In response to the questions raised regarding the increase in ejection fraction in the different groups of prosthetic implants, our database actually lacks more detailed information for a comparative study between these groups. A more comprehensive qualitative echocardiographic evaluation would be necessary, with different measures for the different types of valve disease. This analysis would be fairly complex, given the broad presentation of the severity of heart valve diseases, whether univalvular, with the lesion being pure or mixed, with or without predominance of valve insufficiency or stenosis, and multivalvular, especially mitral and aortic involvement, with different hemodynamic presentations and degrees of severity,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B02">2</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B04">4</xref></sup> prolonged time of heart valve diseases (more often seen in rheumatic patients<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B05">5</xref></sup> ), and patients undergoing valve replacement. These many variables limit the comparison between patients. However, we can say that aortic valve lesions, whether regurgitant or stenotic, at the onset of symptoms usually evolve with a more evident improvement in the ejection fraction after valve replacement in the late follow-up of these patients, already described in the classic literature for decades. Mitral valve diseases present with different hemodynamics, either due to a preserved left ventricle in the stenotic lesion or an overestimated pseudonormal ejection fraction in the regurgitant lesion, which is more evident in symptomatic patients.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B07">7</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B08">8</xref></sup> In mitral lesions, therefore, even after valve replacement, there is no significant increase in ejection fraction after prosthetic valve implantation in both stenotic and regurgitant lesions. Associated with this, there may be different degrees of pulmonary arterial hypertension, with or without right ventricular dysfunction and secondary tricuspid insufficiency, where the intensity of myocardial structural alterations confer a more reserved prognosis to these patients. Advanced valve diseases, more noticeable in mitral valve pathologies and combined aortic and mitral valve, present less favorable prognoses when compared to aortic ones, with longer rehabilitation, with patients being more symptomatic, in general, which is more evident when patients already have right ventricular dysfunction.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B06">6</xref></sup> Thus, the indication of valve replacement surgery as early as possible, before cardiac structural degradation, respecting the inherent surgical risks, will provide the best clinical outcomes of rehabilitation and a better prognosis in the patient&#8217;s medical follow-up.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B03">3</xref> , <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B09">9</xref></sup> Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) seemed to us the most interesting of the echocardiographic variables for a possible analysis; however, as it is a retrospective database, we had many values not measured (&#8220;missing&#8221;), as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t2001">Table 1</xref> . In any case, when analyzing the group of mitral-aortic patients, the differences between PASP1, measured on the echocardiogram before valve replacement surgery, with PASP2, measured on the last echocardiogram available for the patient, showed a significant drop in values, with statistical significance only for patients with mitroaortic valve replacement (mean 40.5&#177;13.6 pre-valve replacement vs. 32.6 &#177;10.2, p&lt;0.001 by Student&#8217;s t)</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2001">
            <label>Table 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Results of pulmonary artery systolic pressure in a database of patients undergoing mechanical valve replacement, INC 2011-2017</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Categories</th>
                  <th>Procedure</th>
                  <th>No.</th>
                  <th>Missing</th>
                  <th>Average</th>
                  <th>Median</th>
                  <th>Standard deviation</th>
                  <th>Minimum</th>
                  <th>Maximum</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">PASP1</td>
                  <td align="center">Aortic</td>
                  <td align="center">94</td>
                  <td align="center">142</td>
                  <td align="center">33,8</td>
                  <td align="center">33</td>
                  <td align="center">9.69</td>
                  <td align="center">13</td>
                  <td align="center">60</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Mitral</td>
                  <td align="center">61</td>
                  <td align="center">34</td>
                  <td align="center">36,7</td>
                  <td align="center">35</td>
                  <td align="center">13.52</td>
                  <td align="center">14</td>
                  <td align="center">71</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Mitroaortic</td>
                  <td align="center">79</td>
                  <td align="center">62</td>
                  <td align="center">40,3</td>
                  <td align="center">40</td>
                  <td align="center">13.28</td>
                  <td align="center">18</td>
                  <td align="center">84</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">PASP2</td>
                  <td align="center">Aortic</td>
                  <td align="center">122</td>
                  <td align="center">114</td>
                  <td align="center">30,9</td>
                  <td align="center">28</td>
                  <td align="center">10.62</td>
                  <td align="center">16</td>
                  <td align="center">90</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Mitral</td>
                  <td align="center">60</td>
                  <td align="center">35</td>
                  <td align="center">35,3</td>
                  <td align="center">32,5</td>
                  <td align="center">11.08</td>
                  <td align="center">22</td>
                  <td align="center">86</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Mitroaortic</td>
                  <td align="center">83</td>
                  <td align="center">58</td>
                  <td align="center">32,1</td>
                  <td align="center">30</td>
                  <td align="center">9.65</td>
                  <td align="center">18</td>
                  <td align="center">82</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2001">
                <p>PASP1: pulmonary artery systolic pressure on echocardiogram performed before valve replacement; PASP2: pulmonary artery systolic pressure on echocardiogram performed after valve replacement in the patient&#8217;s later follow-up.</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>Regarding the survival analysis, in Figure 3 of the article<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref></sup> , the survival curve refers to death from all causes. The Kaplan Meier curves for prosthesis thrombosis are shown in supplementary graphs 1 and 2 by gender and age group.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref></sup> It is important to emphasize that we had only 5 patients with thrombosis in 7 events. The thrombosis event was late, occurring only after day 2200. There is no statistically relevant mass of data to reveal a difference between the mitral, aortic, or mitral aortic valve replacement groups. Median survival was not reached in any of the three curves.</p>
        <p>We used a time-dependent Cox regression model for survival/death using variables judged to be clinically relevant. We found that controlling for the position of the prostheses, the only factor influencing death over time was the functional class, as shown in <xref ref-type="table" rid="t3001">Table 2</xref> . In supplementary graph 6 of the published article, we had already presented similar results.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B01">1</xref></sup> We did not find, throughout our article, mention of relative risk. It is not possible to perform a Cox regression for the thrombosis event due to the small number of events.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t3001">
            <label>Table 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Cox regression for deaths of patients undergoing mechanical valve replacement, INC 2011-2017</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Time-dependent outcomes</th>
                  <th align="left" style="font-weight:normal"> </th>
                  <th>All</th>
                  <th>HR (univariate)</th>
                  <th>HR (multivariate)</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="2">CRF</td>
                  <td align="center">0</td>
                  <td align="center">351 (96.7)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">1</td>
                  <td align="center">12 (3.3)</td>
                  <td align="center">5.00 (1.73-14.49, p=0.003)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.44 (0.68-8.82, p=0.173)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="4">FC</td>
                  <td align="center">I</td>
                  <td align="center">276 (76.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">II</td>
                  <td align="center">77 (21.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">5.20 (2.19-12.34, p&lt;0.001)</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>5.23 (2.11-12.94, p&lt;0.001)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">III</td>
                  <td align="center">10 (2.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">34.86 (13.37-90.89, p&lt;0.001)</td>
                  <td align="center">
                    <bold>39.94 (13.37-119.37, p&lt;0.001)</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">IV</td>
                  <td align="center">0 (0.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">NA (NA-NA, p=NA)</td>
                  <td align="center">NA (NA-NA, p=NA)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="3">Procedure</td>
                  <td align="center">Aortic</td>
                  <td align="center">180 (49.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Mitral</td>
                  <td align="center">71 (19.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.61 (0.56-4.64, p=0.382)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.56 (0.14-2.17, p=0.398)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Mitroaortic</td>
                  <td align="center">112 (30.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.77 (0.79-3.96, p=0.162)</td>
                  <td align="center">2.09 (0.68-6.39, p=0.198)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td rowspan="4">Primary Etiology</td>
                  <td align="center">Rheumatic Disease</td>
                  <td align="center">244 (67.2)</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                  <td align="center">-</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Bicuspid</td>
                  <td align="center">51 (14.0)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.47 (0.14-1.59, p=0.223)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.00 (0.22-4.54, p=1.000)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Calcification/Degenerative</td>
                  <td align="center">53 (14.6)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.34 (0.08-1.47, p=0.149)</td>
                  <td align="center">0.56 (0.10-3.09, p=0.508)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td align="center">Undetermined</td>
                  <td align="center">14 (3.9)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.43 (0.33-6.16, p=0.627)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.02 (0.18-5.77, p=0.981)</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Age</td>
                  <td align="center">Average (SD)</td>
                  <td align="center">54.1 (10.8)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.02 (0.99-1.06, p=0.197)</td>
                  <td align="center">1.03 (0.99-1.08, p=0.122)</td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN3001">
                <p>HR: hazard ratio; CRF: chronic renal failure; FC: functional class according to the New York Heart Association (I-IV).</p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </body>
    </sub-article>
  </sub-article>
</article>
