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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">rYSP3JKcNCFS76h79R7KSkt</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000500206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00206</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230283</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Melhorando os Resultados de Pacientes com Doen&#231;a Coronariana Aguda na Vida Real: O Caso de Aplicar na Pr&#225;tica o que j&#225; Sabemos dos Estudos Cl&#237;nicos</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garzon</surname>
            <given-names>Stefano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6782-750X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lemos</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein , S&#227;o Paulo , SP &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label> 2 </label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">HCFMUSP</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; InCor, HCFMUSP , S&#227;o Paulo , SP &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01">Correspond&#234;ncia: Pedro A. Lemos &#8226; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701. CEP 05652-900, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brasil E-mail: <email>pedrolemos.cardio@gmail.com</email> , <email>pedroaln@cardiol.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>19</day>
        <month>06</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230283</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares/mortalidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial Coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Fatores de Risco</kwd>
        <kwd>Pa&#237;ses em Desenvolvimento</kwd>
        <kwd>Pobreza</kwd>
        <kwd>Interven&#231;&#227;o Coron&#225;ria Percut&#226;nea</kwd>
        <kwd>Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="15"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares s&#227;o uma das principais causas de morte no mundo, tanto em pa&#237;ses desenvolvidos quanto em pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> e, de acordo com a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de, espera-se que 75% dessas mortes ocorram em pa&#237;ses em desenvolvimento. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> A priva&#231;&#227;o socioecon&#244;mica &#233; um dos principais determinantes de doen&#231;as cardiovasculares mortalidade associada a maior exposi&#231;&#227;o a fatores de risco e mortes prematuras. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares tamb&#233;m t&#234;m um grande impacto na economia. Um estudo recente realizado na Austr&#225;lia <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> projeta os custos totais de sa&#250;de das doen&#231;as cardiovasculares de 2020 a 2029 em quase 62 bilh&#245;es de d&#243;lares australianos, com perdas de produtividade de quase 79 bilh&#245;es, com um custo total superior a 140 bilh&#245;es em 10 anos.</p>
    <p>O Brasil &#233; um pa&#237;s em desenvolvimento de dimens&#245;es continentais, com marcadas disparidades regionais, raciais e socioecon&#244;micas. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> A partir da d&#233;cada de 1960, o pa&#237;s passou por uma r&#225;pida mudan&#231;a demogr&#225;fica, com uma popula&#231;&#227;o envelhecendo rapidamente e passando de ser predominantemente rural para urbana. Grande parte da popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira est&#225; exposta a fatores de risco conhecidos para doen&#231;as cardiovasculares, como baixa escolaridade, maus h&#225;bitos de vida e alimenta&#231;&#227;o, tabagismo, obesidade, polui&#231;&#227;o do ar e fatores de risco mal controlados, como hipertens&#227;o, diabetes e hiperlipidemia, todas associadas a maior mortalidade cardiovascular. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Embora o Brasil tenha um Sistema &#218;nico de Sa&#250;de (SUS), o acesso &#224; sa&#250;de &#233; altamente heterog&#234;neo, superlotado e subfinanciado, e frequentemente n&#227;o oferece atendimento adequado &#224; popula&#231;&#227;o brasileira. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O artigo de Bruno et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> relata os resultados de um registro prospectivo de s&#237;ndromes coronarianas agudas atendidas no Hospital Universit&#225;rio, hospital secund&#225;rio da Universidade de S&#227;o Paulo. No estudo, entre 800 pacientes tratados, o tratamento com interven&#231;&#227;o coron&#225;ria percut&#226;nea (ICP) foi associado a uma menor probabilidade de morte por todas as causas (HR 0,42), doen&#231;a cardiovascular (HR 0,39) ou doen&#231;a arterial coronariana (HR 0,24). Notavelmente, os benef&#237;cios de sobrevida da ICP foram mantidos, mesmo em um ambiente onde a angiografia coron&#225;ria invasiva levou em m&#233;dia 4 dias para ser realizada, j&#225; que o hospital n&#227;o possui um laborat&#243;rio de cateterismo.</p>
    <p>Em uma revis&#227;o recente, Bhatt, Lopes e Harrington destacam a import&#226;ncia de uma estrat&#233;gia invasiva precoce ou terapia fibrinol&#237;tica quando o acesso imediato &#224; ICP n&#227;o est&#225; dispon&#237;vel para reduzir a mortalidade em pacientes com IAMCSST, bem como a angiografia coron&#225;ria invasiva imediata para pacientes com IAMSSST de alto risco. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> Essas tamb&#233;m s&#227;o as recomenda&#231;&#245;es das diretrizes mais recentes, pois unanimemente enfatizam a import&#226;ncia da estratifica&#231;&#227;o invasiva oportuna. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Como visto na mat&#233;ria, mesmo em um hospital universit&#225;rio da cidade mais rica do pa&#237;s, os pacientes ainda esperam dias por uma coronariografia invasiva. Infelizmente, isso ainda reflete como funciona o sistema p&#250;blico de sa&#250;de brasileiro. A realidade da maioria das regi&#245;es do Brasil, e at&#233; mesmo da cidade de S&#227;o Paulo, provavelmente &#233; diferente (para pior). As desigualdades regionais s&#227;o dif&#237;ceis de avaliar, mas certamente esse &#233; um cen&#225;rio um tanto privilegiado, pois muitas vezes o acesso at&#233; mesmo &#224; aten&#231;&#227;o b&#225;sica adequada &#233; dif&#237;cil. Embora as mortes cardiovasculares venham diminuindo no Brasil <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> e haja ind&#237;cios de melhora geral em nossa popula&#231;&#227;o, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> podemos perceber no presente artigo que ainda estamos longe de oferecer assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica adequada &#224; nossa popula&#231;&#227;o. Pol&#237;ticos e formuladores de pol&#237;ticas devem ter em mente que investir em sa&#250;de &#233; bom para a sa&#250;de de sua popula&#231;&#227;o e tamb&#233;m para a economia, pois o investimento em preven&#231;&#227;o e tratamento e o crescimento econ&#244;mico andam de m&#227;os dadas. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>
          <italic>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Progn&#243;stico Relacionado &#224; Terapia de Reperfus&#227;o P&#243;s-S&#237;ndrome Coronariana Aguda na Aten&#231;&#227;o Secund&#225;ria: An&#225;lise de Sobrevida em Longo Prazo na Estrat&#233;gia ERICO</italic>
        </p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Improving Outcomes of Patients with Acute Coronary Disease in Real Life: The Case of Applying in Practice What We Already Know from Clinical Studies</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garzon</surname>
            <given-names>Stefano</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6782-750X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Lemos</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label> 1 </label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label> 2 </label>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original"> Instituto do Cora&#231;&#227;o &#8211; InCor, HCFMUSP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil </institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Pedro A. Lemos &#8226; Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein &#8211; Av. Albert Einstein, 627/701. Postal Code 05652-900, S&#227;o Paulo, SP - Brazil E-mail: pedrolemos.cardio@gmail.com, pedroaln@cardiol.br</corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases/mortality</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Risk Factors</kwd>
        <kwd>Development Countries</kwd>
        <kwd>Poverty</kwd>
        <kwd>Percutaneous Coronary Intervention</kwd>
        <kwd>Unified System Health</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases are one the leading causes of death in the world in both developed and developing countries, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> and according to the World Health Organization, 75% of these deaths are expected to happen in developing countries. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Socioeconomic deprivation is a major determinant of cardiovascular mortality associated with more exposure to risk factors and premature deaths. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Cardiovascular diseases also take a great toll on the economy. A recent study conducted in Australia <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> projects a total healthcare cost of cardiovascular diseases from 2020 to 2029 of almost 62 billion Australian dollars, with productivity losses of almost 79 billion, with a total cost surpassing 140 billion over 10 years.</p>
      <p>Brazil is a developing country of continental dimensions, with marked regional, racial, and socioeconomic disparities. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> From the 1960s onwards, the country underwent a fast demographic change, with a rapidly aging population and transitioning from predominantly rural to urban. A large proportion of the Brazilian population is exposed to known risk factors of cardiovascular disease, such as low educational levels, poor living and dietary habits, tobacco use, obesity, air pollution, and poorly-controlled risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes, and hyperlipidemia, all of which are associated with higher cardiovascular mortality. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Although Brazil has a Universal Healthcare System (SUS), healthcare access is highly heterogeneous, overcrowded, and underfunded, and frequently fails to provide proper care to the Brazilian population. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The article by Brunto et al. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> reports the results of a prospective registry of acute coronary syndromes treated at the Hospital Universit&#225;rio, a secondary-care hospital of the University of S&#227;o Paulo. In the study, among 800 treated patients, treatment with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was associated with a lower probability of death by all causes (HR 0.42), cardiovascular disease (HR 0.39), or coronary artery disease (HR 0.24). Notably, PCI&#8217;s survival benefits were maintained, even in a setting where invasive coronary angiography took a median of 4 days to be performed, as the hospital does not have a catheterization laboratory.</p>
      <p>In a recent review, Bhatt, Lopes, and Harrington underline the importance of an early invasive strategy or fibrinolytic therapy when immediate access to PCI is not available for reducing mortality in STEMI patients, as well as immediate invasive coronary angiography for high-risk NSTEMI patients. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup> These are also the recommendations of the most recent guidelines, as they unanimously stress the importance of timely invasive stratification. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref> - <xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup></p>
      <p>As seen in the article, even at a university hospital in the wealthiest city in the country, patients still wait days for invasive coronary angiography. Sadly, this still reflects how the Brazilian public health system works. The reality of most regions in Brazil, and even in the city of S&#227;o Paulo, is probably different (for the worst). Regional inequalities are difficult to assess, but this is certainly a somewhat privileged scenario, as access to even proper primary care is often difficult. Although cardiovascular deaths have been declining in Brazil <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> and there are indications of overall improvement in our population, <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B14">14</xref></sup> we can see from the present article that we are still far from offering adequate healthcare to our population. Politicians and policymakers should keep in mind that investing in healthcare is good for the health of your population and the economy, as an investment in prevention and treatment and economic growth walk hand-in-hand. <sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B15">15</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>
            <italic>Short Editorial related to the article: Prognosis Related to Reperfusion Therapy Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome in Secondary Care: Long-Term Survival Analysis in the ERICO Study</italic>
          </p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
