<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "http://jats.nlm.nih.gov/publishing/1.1/JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="letter" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">k6cBkrqnZTyyw35gGDzGJTv</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000500901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00901</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220859</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta ao Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>An&#225;lise da Lipoprote&#237;na de Baixa Densidade em Pacientes Diab&#233;ticos a Partir das Equa&#231;&#245;es de Martin/Hopkins e Sampson</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9830-0161</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Cristian Rodrigues do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5712-2111</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mendes</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Botelho</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Alberto de Lima</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Romero Henrique de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Paulo Afonso</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">BA</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Irmandade Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Irmandade Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio &#8226; Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco (UNIVASF) &#8211; Rua da Amizade, s/n. CEP 48605-780, Bairro Sal Torrado, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brasil CEP 48607-190, Bairro General Dutra, Paulo Afonso, PE &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>pedrotenorio28@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>26</day>
        <month>05</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>5</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220859</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Metab&#243;licas</kwd>
        <kwd>Dislipidemias</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a Arterial coronariana</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Lipoprote&#237;na de Baixa Intensidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="7"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Ao Editor,</p>
    <p>Lemos com muito interesse o artigo: Compara&#231;&#227;o das Novas Equa&#231;&#245;es de Martin/Hopkins e Sampson para o C&#225;lculo do Colesterol de Lipoprote&#237;na de Baixa Densidade em Pacientes Diab&#233;ticos. O estudo comparou as equa&#231;&#245;es de Martin/Hopkins (LDL-Cmh), de Sampson (LDL-Cs) e a de Friedewald (LDL-Cf) com a lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade obtida de forma direta (LDL-Cd). O intuito foi analisar qual delas teria maior concord&#226;ncia com LDL-Cd em pacientes diab&#233;ticos, al&#233;m de investigar at&#233; que ponto essas novas equa&#231;&#245;es poderiam mudar a tomada de decis&#227;o cl&#237;nica em compara&#231;&#227;o com a LDL-Cf.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>J&#225; est&#225; estabelecido na literatura que a lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade (LDL-c) est&#225; fortemente associada com doen&#231;as cardiovasculares (DCV), sendo que os pacientes com diabetes mellitus (DM) apresentam risco aumentado devido a capacidade aterog&#234;nica que as LDL-c promovem, sobretudo ao dano endotelial cr&#244;nico desenvolvido pelo estado hiperinflamat&#243;rio da hiperglicemia persistente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Logo, a medi&#231;&#227;o precisa do LDL-c &#233; fundamental para o seguimento cl&#237;nico destes pacientes.</p>
    <p>No estudo, o uso do LDL-Cmh e LDL-Cs apresentaram uma rela&#231;&#227;o de forte concord&#226;ncia com LDL-Cd, n&#227;o necessitando reclassificar os indiv&#237;duos. Ambas as equa&#231;&#245;es se mostraram melhores do que a LDL-Cf, sobretudo os n&#237;veis de triglicer&#237;deo (TG) &gt;150 mg/dl. A LDL-Cmh teve uma concord&#226;ncia quase excelente com o LDL-Cd em indiv&#237;duos que portavam valores de TG entre 150-400 mg/dl, sendo necess&#225;rio reclassificar apenas 1,5% dos pacientes quando usada a LDL-Cmh. Contudo, todas as equa&#231;&#245;es tiveram um mal comportamento com a concentra&#231;&#227;o de TG&gt;400 mg/dl, possibilitando apenas que menos de 90% dos indiv&#237;duos fossem classificados corretamente. Al&#233;m disso, a concord&#226;ncia entre LDL-Cd e LDL-c calculada foi ruim quando o valor do LDL-c foi &lt; 70mg/dl.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os autores do estudo afirmam que as equa&#231;&#245;es do LDL-Cmh e LDL-Cs apresentaram concord&#226;ncia muito similar ao LDL-Cd. Assim, a tomada de decis&#227;o cl&#237;nica deve ser semelhante na maioria dos pacientes, independentemente de qual equa&#231;&#227;o for usada. Para aqueles indiv&#237;duos com TG de 150 a 400 mg/dl, a LDL-Cmh apresentou uma concord&#226;ncia quase perfeita com o LDL-Cd, em rela&#231;&#227;o a estar dentro da meta de LDL-C, fazendo com que ela seja prefer&#237;vel para portadores de DM nessa faixa de TG.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Contudo, percebeu-se que no processo de obten&#231;&#227;o da amostra populacional, mesmo se tratando de pacientes diab&#233;ticos, a an&#225;lise estat&#237;stica considerou apenas a vari&#225;vel TG sobre o comportamento de concord&#226;ncia, subestima&#231;&#227;o e superestima&#231;&#227;o nas equa&#231;&#245;es analisadas. Logo, o DM por se tratar de um processo cr&#244;nico, multifatorial, com diversas apresenta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas e abordagens terap&#234;uticas, pode ter havido fatores de confus&#227;o na an&#225;lise do comportamento das equa&#231;&#245;es nos indiv&#237;duos diab&#233;ticos, pois, os pacientes n&#227;o foram estratificados quanto ao tipo de DM, classe de antidiab&#233;ticos utilizados, ades&#227;o n&#227;o-medicamentosa e medicamentosa, par&#226;metros antropom&#233;tricos e fun&#231;&#227;o hep&#225;tica.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Naser A, Isgandarov K, G&#252;ven&#231; TS, G&#252;ven&#231; R, Sahin M. Comparison of Novel Martin/Hopkins and Sampson Equations for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Diabetic Patients. Arq Bras Cardiol.2022;119(2):225. Doi:10.36660/abc20210641</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Naser</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Isgandarov</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>G&#252;ven&#231;</surname>
              <given-names>TS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>G&#252;ven&#231;</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sahin</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Comparison of Novel Martin/Hopkins and Sampson Equations for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Diabetic Patients</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>119</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <size units="pages">225</size>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc20210641</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Faludi AA, Izar MCO, Saraiva JFK, Chacra APM, Bianco HT, Afine Neto A et al. Atualiza&#231;&#227;o da Diretriz Brasileira de Dislipidemias e Preven&#231;&#227;o da Aterosclerose - 2017. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 109(2Supl.1):1-76. Doi: 10.5935/abc.20170121</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Faludi</surname>
              <given-names>AA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Izar</surname>
              <given-names>MCO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Saraiva</surname>
              <given-names>JFK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chacra</surname>
              <given-names>APM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bianco</surname>
              <given-names>HT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Afine</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
              <suffix>Neto</suffix>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Atualiza&#231;&#227;o da Diretriz Brasileira de Dislipidemias e Preven&#231;&#227;o da Aterosclerose - 2017</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>109</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <supplement>Supl.1</supplement>
          <fpage>1</fpage>
          <lpage>76</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5935/abc.20170121</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Naser A, Isgandarov K, G&#252;ven&#231; TS, G&#252;ven&#231; R&#199;, &#350;ahin M. Comparison of Novel Martin/Hopkins and Sampson Equations for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Diabetic Patients. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022 Aug;119(2):225-233. English, Portuguese. doi: 10.36660/abc.20210641. PMID: 35766617; PMCID: PMC9363054.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Naser</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Isgandarov</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>G&#252;ven&#231;</surname>
              <given-names>TS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>G&#252;ven&#231;</surname>
              <given-names>R&#199;</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>&#350;ahin</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Comparison of Novel Martin/Hopkins and Sampson Equations for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Diabetic Patients</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <month>08</month>
          <volume>119</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>225</fpage>
          <lpage>233</lpage>
          <comment>English, Portuguese</comment>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210641.</issue-id>
          <comment>PMID: 35766617; PMCID: PMC9363054</comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. Nascimento CR, Mendes R, Botelho Filho CAL, Barbosa RHA, Ten&#243;rio PP. An&#225;lise da Lipoprote&#237;na de Baixa Densidade em Pacientes Diab&#233;ticos a Partir das Equa&#231;&#245;es de Martin/Hopkins e Sampson. DOI: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220859">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220859</ext-link>.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nascimento</surname>
              <given-names>CR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mendes</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Botelho</surname>
              <given-names>CAL</given-names>
              <suffix>Filho</suffix>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barbosa</surname>
              <given-names>RHA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
              <given-names>PP</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>An&#225;lise da Lipoprote&#237;na de Baixa Densidade em Pacientes Diab&#233;ticos a Partir das Equa&#231;&#245;es de Martin/Hopkins e Sampson</source>
          <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220859">https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20220859</ext-link>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS. Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem 1972 Jun;18(6):499-502.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Friedewald</surname>
              <given-names>WT</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Levy</surname>
              <given-names>RI</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fredrickson</surname>
              <given-names>DS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge</article-title>
          <source>Clin Chem</source>
          <year>1972</year>
          <month>06</month>
          <volume>18</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>499</fpage>
          <lpage>502</lpage>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Sampson M, Ling C, Sun Q, Harb R, Ashmaig M, Warnick R, et al. A new equation for calculation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with normolipidemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia. JAMA Cardiol. 2020 May 1; 5:540-548. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0013.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sampson</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ling</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sun</surname>
              <given-names>Q</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Harb</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ashmaig</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Warnick</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>A new equation for calculation of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in patients with normolipidemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia</article-title>
          <source>JAMA Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <month>05</month>
          <day>1</day>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>540</fpage>
          <lpage>548</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jamacardio.2020.0013</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. Martin SS, Blaha MJ, Elshazly MB, Toth PP, Kwiterovich PO, Blumenthal RS, et al. Comparison of a novel method vs the Friedewald equation for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from the standard lipid profile. JAMA 2013 Nov 20; 310:2061-8. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.280532.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Martin</surname>
              <given-names>SS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Blaha</surname>
              <given-names>MJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Elshazly</surname>
              <given-names>MB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Toth</surname>
              <given-names>PP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kwiterovich</surname>
              <given-names>PO</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Blumenthal</surname>
              <given-names>RS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Comparison of a novel method vs the Friedewald equation for estimating low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels from the standard lipid profile</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <month>11</month>
          <day>20</day>
          <volume>310</volume>
          <fpage>2061</fpage>
          <lpage>2068</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.2013.280532</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="S01" xml:lang="pt">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Carta-resposta</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Carta-resposta</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Naser</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulrahman</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A hipercolesterolemia &#233; um determinante prim&#225;rio da aterosclerose e complica&#231;&#245;es da doen&#231;a ateroscler&#243;tica em pacientes com diabetes. A identifica&#231;&#227;o correta da concentra&#231;&#227;o de lipoprote&#237;na de baixa densidade (LDL) no sangue &#233; de extrema import&#226;ncia para determinar o risco de aterosclerose associada &#224; hipercolesterolemia nesses pacientes. Devido &#224; disponibilidade limitada de medi&#231;&#227;o direta de LDL em centros de sa&#250;de, os laborat&#243;rios relatam as concentra&#231;&#245;es de LDL usando m&#233;todos de estimativa indireta. Desses m&#233;todos, a equa&#231;&#227;o de Friedewald &#233; o mais antigo e continua sendo o m&#233;todo mais comumente usado para estimar o LDL. Nosso estudo mostrou que novas equa&#231;&#245;es foram superiores &#224; antiga equa&#231;&#227;o de Friedewald para avaliar se um paciente diab&#233;tico estava dentro da meta de colesterol LDL recomendada pelas diretrizes. No entanto, a vantagem comparativa de usar qualquer equa&#231;&#227;o sobre a f&#243;rmula de Friedewald foi m&#237;nima, e o risco associado &#224; hipercolesterolemia pode ser classificado corretamente na maioria dos pacientes, independentemente da equa&#231;&#227;o usada.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Apesar de suas diferen&#231;as, as tr&#234;s equa&#231;&#245;es usam as mesmas vari&#225;veis, ou seja, colesterol total, colesterol de lipoprote&#237;na de alta densidade (HDL) e triglicer&#237;deos, para calcular o colesterol LDL. Dessas tr&#234;s vari&#225;veis, a concentra&#231;&#227;o de colesterol total no sangue e a fra&#231;&#227;o de colesterol transportada pelo colesterol de alta densidade s&#227;o medidas diretamente e, portanto, n&#227;o s&#227;o respons&#225;veis pelas varia&#231;&#245;es observadas no c&#225;lculo indireto do colesterol LDL. O teor de colesterol da lipoprote&#237;na de densidade muito baixa (VLDL) &#233; vari&#225;vel, e o teor de colesterol das part&#237;culas de VLDL &#233; estimado usando as concentra&#231;&#245;es de triglicer&#237;deos. A varia&#231;&#227;o do teor de colesterol das part&#237;culas de VLDL &#233; ainda mais pronunciada naqueles com triglicer&#237;deos altos (ou seja, &gt;400 mg/dl), e essa varia&#231;&#227;o &#233; respons&#225;vel pela diferen&#231;a nas estimativas de LDL quando diferentes equa&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o usadas. Estratificamos os pacientes em diferentes estratos de triglicer&#237;deos para entender o desempenho das equa&#231;&#245;es em pacientes com concentra&#231;&#245;es baixas ou altas de triglicer&#237;deos, como feito em estudos semelhantes que analisaram o desempenho dessas equa&#231;&#245;es em diferentes popula&#231;&#245;es de pacientes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Embora as caracter&#237;sticas individuais dos pacientes diab&#233;ticos, como o tipo e a gravidade do diabetes ou o n&#250;mero de medicamentos usados, sejam clinicamente importantes, os resultados atuais devem ser v&#225;lidos independentemente de tais caracter&#237;sticas individuais, uma vez que as mesmas concentra&#231;&#245;es sangu&#237;neas de colesterol total, colesterol HDL, e triglicer&#237;deos s&#227;o usados em todas as tr&#234;s equa&#231;&#245;es. Dito isso, o risco individual de mortalidade cardiovascular para um determinado paciente &#233;, sem d&#250;vida, afetado por tais caracter&#237;sticas cl&#237;nicas individuais. No entanto, infelizmente, nenhuma das ferramentas de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco dispon&#237;veis considera todas as vari&#225;veis associadas ao risco de mortalidade cardiovascular em pacientes com diabetes. Embora esta &#250;ltima preocupa&#231;&#227;o seja uma fonte potencial de erros, tais erros decorrem da relativa imperfei&#231;&#227;o das ferramentas de estratifica&#231;&#227;o de risco dispon&#237;veis e n&#227;o est&#227;o diretamente relacionados &#224; nossa metodologia de an&#225;lise.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Letter to the Editor</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Analysis of low-density lipoprotein in diabetic patients using the Martin/Hopkins and Sampson equations</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9830-0161</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Nascimento</surname>
            <given-names>Cristian Rodrigues do</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-5712-2111</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Mendes</surname>
            <given-names>Rodrigo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Botelho</surname>
            <given-names>Carlos Alberto de Lima</given-names>
            <suffix>Filho</suffix>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Barbosa</surname>
            <given-names>Romero Henrique de Almeida</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1032-6015</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Ten&#243;rio</surname>
            <given-names>Pedro Pereira</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Irmandade Santa Casa de Miseric&#243;rdia de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Pedro Pereira Ten&#243;rio &#8226; Universidade Federal do Vale do S&#227;o Francisco (UNIVASF) &#8211; Rua da Amizade, s/n. Postal Code 48605-780, Bairro Sal Torrado, Paulo Afonso, BA &#8211; Brazil E-mail: pedrotenorio28@gmail.com </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Metabolic diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Dyslipidemia</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary artery disease</kwd>
        <kwd>Diabetes Mellitus</kwd>
        <kwd>Lipoprotein LDL</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Dear Editor,</p>
      <p>We read with great interest the article: Comparison of Novel Martin/Hopkins and Sampson Equations for Calculation of Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Diabetic Patients. The study compared the Martin/Hopkins (LDL-Cmh), Sampson (LDL-Cs), and Friedewald (LDL-Cf) equations with directly obtained low-density lipoprotein (LDL-Cd). The aim was to analyze which would have a greater agreement with LDL-Cd in diabetic patients and investigate how these new equations could change clinical decision-making compared to LDL-Cf.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>It is already established in the literature that low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c) is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are at increased risk due to the atherogenic capacity that LDL-c promotes, mainly to chronic endothelial damage developed by the hyperinflammatory state of persistent hyperglycemia.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Therefore, accurate measurement of LDL-c is essential for the clinical follow-up of these patients.</p>
      <p>In the article, the use of LDL-Cmh and LDL-Cs showed a strong correlation with LDL-Cd, not requiring the reclassification of individuals. Both equations were better than LDL-Cf, especially triglyceride (TG) levels &gt; 150 mg/dl. LDL-Cmh had an almost excellent agreement with LDL-Cd in individuals who had TG values between 150-400 mg/dl, requiring only 1.5% of patients to be reclassified when using LDL-Cmh. However, all equations behaved badly when the TG concentration was &gt; 400 mg/dl, allowing only less than 90% of the individuals to be classified correctly. Furthermore, the concordance between LDL-Cd and calculated LDL-c was poor when the LDL-c value was &lt; 70 mg/dl.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The article&#8217;s authors state that the equations for LDL-Cmh and LDL-Cs showed similar concordance for LDL-Cd. Thus, clinical decision-making should be similar in most patients, regardless of which equation is used. For those individuals with a TG of 150 to 400 mg/dl, LDL-Cmh presented an almost perfect agreement with LDL-Cd, concerning being within the LDL-C target, making it preferable for patients with DM in this range of TG.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup></p>
      <p>However, it was noticed that in the process of obtaining the population sample, even in diabetic patients, the statistical analysis considered only the TG variable on the behavior of agreement, underestimation, and overestimation in the analyzed equations. Therefore, since DM is a chronic, multifactorial process with different clinical presentations and therapeutic approaches, there may have been confounding factors in analyzing the behavior of the equations in diabetic individuals, because the patients were not stratified according to the type of DM, class of antidiabetics used, non-medication and medication adherence, anthropometric parameters, and liver function.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
  <sub-article article-type="reply" id="S02" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Reply</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Reply</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Naser</surname>
            <given-names>Abdulrahman</given-names>
          </name>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Hypercholesterolemia is a primary determinant of atherosclerosis and complications of atherosclerotic disease in patients with diabetes. Correct identification of blood low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentration is of utmost value to determine the risk of atherosclerosis associated with hypercholesterolemia in such patients. Due to the limited availability of direct measurement of LDL in healthcare centers, laboratories report LDL concentrations using indirect estimation methods. Of those methods, the Friedewald equation is the oldest and remains the most commonly used method to estimate LDL. Our study showed that novel equations were superior to the older Friedewald equation in assessing whether a diabetic patient was within the guideline-recommended LDL cholesterol target. However, the comparative advantage of using either equation over the Friedewald formula was rather minimal, and the risk associated with hypercholesterolemia could be correctly classified in most patients regardless of the equation used.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Despite their differences, all three equations use the same variables, namely total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, and triglycerides, to calculate LDL cholesterol. Of those three variables, the total blood cholesterol concentration and the fraction of cholesterol transported by high-density cholesterol are measured directly, and therefore they are not responsible for the variations seen in the indirect calculation of LDL cholesterol. The cholesterol content of very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) is variable, and the cholesterol content of VLDL particles is estimated using triglyceride concentrations. The variation of the cholesterol content of VLDL particles is even more pronounced in those with high (i.e.,&gt;400 mg/dl) triglycerides, and this variation is responsible for the difference in LDL estimates when different equations are used. We have stratified the patients within different triglyceride strata to understand the performance of equations in patients with low or high triglyceride concentrations, as done in similar studies that analyzed the performance of these equations in different patient populations.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">3</xref>-<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>While the individual characteristics of diabetic patients, such as the type and severity of diabetes or the number of drugs used, are clinically important, present results should nonetheless be valid regardless of such individual characteristics given that the same blood concentrations of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and triglycerides are used in all three equations. That said, the individual risk of cardiovascular mortality for a given patient is undoubtedly affected by such individual clinical characteristics. However, unfortunately, none of the available risk stratification tools account for all variables associated with cardiovascular mortality risk in patients with diabetes. While this latter concern is a potential source of error, such errors stem from the relative imperfection of available risk stratification tools and are not directly related to our analysis methodology.</p>
    </body>
  </sub-article>
</article>
