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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">mZz5sFJ44qTv3YqwWLtB9Ns</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000400201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230170</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>PTEN no Contexto da Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do Mioc&#225;rdio: A Ponta do Iceberg?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8280-471X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardo Rufino</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garzesi</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; Monti</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Felicio</surname>
            <given-names>Marcello Laneza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9831-8820</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zornoff</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardo Ant&#244;nio Mamede</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff1">
          <label>1</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">UNESP</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas de Botucatu e Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Servi&#231;o de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Transplante Card&#237;aco</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Transplante Card&#237;aco &#8211; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas de Botucatu e Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu &#8211; UNESP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff2">
          <label>2</label>
          <institution content-type="orgname">UNESP</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu</institution>
          <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica</institution>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c1"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Leonardo Rufino Garcia &#8226;</bold> Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina Campus de Botucatu - Distrito de Rubi&#227;o Jr, s/n. CEP <postal-code>18618-970</postal-code>, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>rufino.garcia@unesp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="pub">
        <day>07</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date publication-format="electronic" date-type="collection">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>4</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230170</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xml:lang="en" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">
          <license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License</license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <title>Palavras-chave</title>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Doen&#231;a da Art&#233;ria Coronariana/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do Miocardio/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>PTEN Fosfo-Hidrolase</kwd>
        <kwd>Fosfatidilinositol-3 Kinase/metabolismo</kwd>
        <kwd>Lipog&#234;nese</kwd>
        <kwd>Glic&#243;lise</kwd>
        <kwd>Apoptose</kwd>
        <kwd>Prolifera&#231;&#227;o de Celulas</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="13"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>As doen&#231;as cardiovasculares contribuem de forma significativa para a morbimortalidade no Brasil e no mundo. Dentro desse grupo de enfermidades, destaca-se a doen&#231;a arterial coronariana, respons&#225;vel por cerca de 12% dos &#243;bitos totais no Brasil<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> e &#233; uma das principais causas de &#243;bito na Am&#233;rica do Norte.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Al&#233;m das mudan&#231;as do estilo de vida como aboli&#231;&#227;o do tabagismo, perda de peso com pr&#225;tica regular de atividades f&#237;sicas, controle de comorbidades, notadamente o diabetes e a hipertens&#227;o arterial sist&#234;mica e o tratamento medicamentoso com antiagregantes plaquet&#225;rios, betabloqueadores e estatinas, importante parcela dos pacientes necessita de tratamento objetivando a revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio. Pacientes diab&#233;ticos, multiarteriais, com les&#245;es no tronco da art&#233;ria coron&#225;ria esquerda maiores do que 50% ou com fun&#231;&#227;o ventricular esquerda deprimida s&#227;o os que mais se beneficiam.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Esse fato &#233; devido a diferentes fatores, incluindo diminui&#231;&#227;o da isquemia e dos sintomas, melhora da qualidade de vida, diminui&#231;&#227;o da ocorr&#234;ncia de infartos e, sobretudo, diminui&#231;&#227;o da mortalidade.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A modalidade de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o melhor indicada para os pacientes com as caracter&#237;sticas descritas acima &#233; a cir&#250;rgica, por apresentar vantagens como aumento das chances de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o completa, diminui&#231;&#227;o de futuras reinterven&#231;&#245;es coronarianas e menor chance de complica&#231;&#245;es quando comparada com interven&#231;&#245;es percut&#226;neas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Durante esses procedimentos, art&#233;rias e/ou veias aut&#243;logas s&#227;o usadas para o by-pass de art&#233;rias coron&#225;rias parcial ou totalmente oclu&#237;das por placas ateroscler&#243;ticas. As cirurgias podem ser feitas de acordo com uma variedade de t&#233;cnicas, desde o uso ou n&#227;o de circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea at&#233; procedimentos minimamente invasivos, utilizando apenas enxertos arteriais, sendo importante a escolha adequada da melhor estrat&#233;gia para cada perfil de paciente.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Apesar dos grandes avan&#231;os ao longo do tempo, como melhora da t&#233;cnica cir&#250;rgica propriamente dita e aumento da variedade dos tipos de procedimentos, avan&#231;os na anestesia e dos materiais utilizados, aceita-se que o uso de biomarcadores poderia adicionar informa&#231;&#245;es progn&#243;sticas importantes. No entanto, pesquisas de car&#225;ter molecular s&#227;o incipientes e pouco frequentes at&#233; o momento.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nesse sentido, destaca-se o estudo de Tahtasakal et al.,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> que teve como objetivo avaliar a express&#227;o do gene PTEN e a express&#227;o de sua prote&#237;na em amostras de tecido atrial direito e no sangue de 22 pacientes submetidos &#224; cirurgia de revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio em centro &#250;nico. As amostras foram colhidas em dois momentos distintos, antes da cirurgia e ap&#243;s o t&#233;rmino da circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea.</p>
    <p>O gene PTEN (<italic>phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10</italic>) localiza-se no cromossomo 10q23<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> e foi inicialmente identificado em 1997<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> como supressor tumoral.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Estudos subsequentes classificaram-no tamb&#233;m como regulador negativo de importantes vias de sinaliza&#231;&#227;o moleculares associadas com crescimento, prolifera&#231;&#227;o e sobreviv&#234;ncia celulares, principalmente a via da fosfatidilinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> concorrendo tamb&#233;m para a modula&#231;&#227;o de outros processos biol&#243;gicos, como lipog&#234;nese, glic&#243;lise e apoptose.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O principal resultado apresentado pelos autores foi o aumento substancial tanto da express&#227;o g&#234;nica quanto da prote&#237;na codificada pelo PTEN em amostras teciduais de &#225;trio direito, reconhecido s&#237;tio biomarcador da prote&#244;mica card&#237;aca.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> Conclu&#237;ram, ent&#227;o, sobre poss&#237;vel fun&#231;&#227;o do PTEN como marcador progn&#243;stico de doen&#231;a arterial coronariana nos pr&#243;ximos anos. Entretanto, alguns pontos ainda merecem discuss&#227;o.</p>
    <p>Primeiramente, todas as cirurgias foram realizadas com aux&#237;lio de circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea, reconhecido e seguro m&#233;todo que proporciona substitui&#231;&#227;o das fun&#231;&#245;es cardiopulmonares e facilita a confec&#231;&#227;o das anastomoses ap&#243;s o pin&#231;amento a&#243;rtico e parada card&#237;aca diast&#243;lica. Devido, contudo, &#224; passagem do sangue por superf&#237;cies n&#227;o endotelizadas e ao fluxo sangu&#237;neo n&#227;o puls&#225;til, relevantes altera&#231;&#245;es podem ocorrer em maior ou menor intensidade na fisiologia. Na minoria dos casos s&#227;o descritos s&#237;ndrome da resposta inflamat&#243;ria sist&#234;mica, coagulopatias, s&#237;ndrome do baixo d&#233;bito card&#237;aco e les&#227;o de isquemia- reperfus&#227;o mioc&#225;rdica ao n&#237;vel celular, por exemplo.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Dessa forma, &#233; importante esclarecermos sobre at&#233; que ponto o aumento da express&#227;o g&#234;nica do PTEN e de sua respectiva prote&#237;na se deveu tamb&#233;m ao estresse induzido pela circula&#231;&#227;o extracorp&#243;rea.</p>
    <p>Outro aspecto a ser considerado &#233; que outros fatores, como a hip&#243;xia induzida pelo clampeamento a&#243;rtico e a reperfus&#227;o podem funcionar como fatores de estresse adicionais para os cardiomi&#243;citos, que passam a obter grande parte de sua energia por meio da glicose, ao inv&#233;s de &#225;cidos graxos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> Esse dado pode ter rela&#231;&#227;o com aumentos da express&#227;o do PTEN, que, como j&#225; dito, participa ativamente da regula&#231;&#227;o metab&#243;lica dos lip&#237;deos e glicose e do metabolismo mitocondrial.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Da mesma forma, &#233; importante lembrarmos que o PTEN encontra-se sujeito a altera&#231;&#245;es p&#243;s- translacionais e a mecanismos regulat&#243;rios epigen&#233;ticos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Soma-se a esses dados o fato de outros genes atuarem em conjunto com o PTEN sobre a doen&#231;a arterial coronariana<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> em processos que ocorrem de forma simult&#226;nea.</p>
    <p>Apesar das considera&#231;&#245;es acima e de ter avaliado apenas 22 pacientes, o estudo em quest&#227;o tem alguns outros pontos que merecem destaque, como o de ser o primeiro a avaliar o gene PTEN no contexto da revasculariza&#231;&#227;o do mioc&#225;rdio, aprofundando a an&#225;lise subcelular durante procedimento extensivamente realizado e comprovadamente ben&#233;fico para v&#225;rios subgrupos de pacientes. Dessa forma, abre- se caminho para novas pesquisas que objetivem a defini&#231;&#227;o de marcadores progn&#243;sticos e novos alvos terap&#234;uticos, nesse cen&#225;rio cl&#237;nico.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other" id="fn1">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Superexpress&#227;o G&#234;nica PTEN em Tecidos Mioc&#225;rdicos de Pacientes de Cirurgia de Revasculariza&#231;&#227;o Mioc&#225;rdica</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
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  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="S01" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>PTEN in the Context of Myocardial Revascularization: The Iceberg Tip?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-8280-471X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Garcia</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardo Rufino</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Garzesi</surname>
            <given-names>Andr&#233; Monti</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Felicio</surname>
            <given-names>Marcello Laneza</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-9831-8820</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Zornoff</surname>
            <given-names>Leonardo Ant&#244;nio Mamede</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c2"/>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="aff3">
          <label>1</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cirurgia Cardiovascular e Transplante Card&#237;aco &#8211; Hospital das Cl&#237;nicas de Botucatu e Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu &#8211; UNESP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="aff4">
          <label>2</label>
          <addr-line>
            <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
            <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
          </addr-line>
          <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
          <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cl&#237;nica M&#233;dica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c2"><bold>Mailing Address: Leonardo Rufino Garcia</bold> &#8226; Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Faculdade de Medicina Campus de Botucatu - Distrito de Rubi&#227;o Jr, s/n. Postal Code <postal-code>18618-970</postal-code>, Botucatu, SP &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: <email>rufino.garcia@unesp.br</email></corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Coronary Artery Disease/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Myocardial Revascularization/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>PTEN-Phosphohydrolase</kwd>
        <kwd>Phosphatidyglinositol-3 Kinases/metabolism</kwd>
        <kwd>Lipogenesis</kwd>
        <kwd>Glycolysis</kwd>
        <kwd>Apoptosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Cells Proliferation</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiovascular diseases significantly contribute to morbidity and mortality in Brazil and worldwide. Within this group of diseases, coronary artery disease stands out, accounting for about 12% of total deaths in Brazil<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> and is a leading cause of death in North America.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In addition to lifestyle changes such as smoking cessation, weight loss with regular physical activity, control of comorbidities, notably diabetes and arterial hypertension, and drug treatment with antiplatelet agents, beta-blockers, and statins, a significant number of patients require treatment aimed at myocardial revascularization. Diabetic, multivessel-diseased patients with obstructions in the left main coronary artery greater than 50% or with depressed left ventricular function benefit the most.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> This fact is due to different factors, including a decrease in ischemia and symptoms, an improvement in quality of life, a decrease in the occurrence of infarcts, and, above all, mortality improvement.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The best suitable revascularization modality for patients with the above characteristics is CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting surgery). It presents advantages such as increased chances of complete revascularization, reduction of future coronary artery interventions, and less chance of complications compared to percutaneous interventions.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> During these procedures, autologous arteries and/or veins bypass coronary arteries partially or completely occluded by atherosclerotic plaques. The surgeries can be performed according to various techniques, using or not cardiopulmonary bypass to minimally invasive procedures, with only arterial grafts. Indeed, the adequate choice of the best strategy for each patient profile is of utmost importance.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Despite major advances over time, such as improvements in the surgical technique itself and an increase in the variety of procedures, advances in anesthesia, and the materials used, it is accepted that the use of biomarkers could add important prognostic information. However, research of a molecular nature is incipient and infrequent so far.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In that regard, the study by Tahtasakal et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> is relevant. It aimed to evaluate the PTEN gene&#8217;s expression and its protein&#8217;s expression in right atrial tissue samples and the blood of 22 patients undergoing CABG in a single center. Samples were collected at two different times, before surgery and after the end of the cardiopulmonary bypass.</p>
      <p>The PTEN gene (phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10) is located on chromosome 10q23<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> and was initially identified in 1997<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> as a tumor supressor.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> Subsequent studies also classified it as a negative regulator of important molecular signaling pathways associated with cell growth, proliferation, and survival, mainly the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathway<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> contributing to the modulation of other biological processes, such as lipogenesis, glycolysis, and apoptosis.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The main result presented by the authors was a substantial increase in gene expression and the protein encoded by PTEN in tissue samples from the right atrium, a recognized biomarker site of cardiac proteomics.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup> They then concluded on the possible role of PTEN as a prognostic marker of coronary artery disease in the coming years. However, some points still deserve discussion.</p>
      <p>First, all surgeries were performed under cardiopulmonary bypass, a recognized and safe method that replaces cardiopulmonary functions and facilitates the confection of anastomoses after aortic clamping and diastolic cardiac arrest. Due, however, to the passage of blood through non-endothelial surfaces and non-pulsatile blood flow, relevant changes may occur in greater or lesser intensity in physiology. In a minority of cases, systemic inflammatory response syndrome, coagulopathies, low cardiac output syndrome, and myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury at the cellular level are described, for example.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Thus, it is necessary to clarify the extent to which the increase in gene expression of PTEN and its respective protein was also due to the stress induced by cardiopulmonary bypass.</p>
      <p>Another aspect to be considered is that other factors, such as hypoxia induced by aortic clamping and reperfusion, may act as additional stress factors for cardiomyocytes, which start to obtain a large part of their energy through glucose instead of fatty acids.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B11">11</xref></sup> This data may be related to increases in PTEN expression, which, as already mentioned, actively participates in the metabolic regulation of lipids and glucose and mitochondrial metabolism.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup> Likewise, it is important to remember that PTEN is subject to post-translational changes and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B12">12</xref></sup> Added to these data is that other genes act together with PTEN on coronary artery disease<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B13">13</xref></sup> in processes that take place simultaneously.</p>
      <p>Despite the above considerations and having evaluated only 22 patients, the study in question has some other points that deserve to be highlighted, such as being the first to evaluate the PTEN gene in the context of myocardial revascularization, deepening the subcellular analysis during an extensively performed procedure and proven to be beneficial for several subgroups of patients. Thus, the way is paved for new research that aims to define prognostic markers and new therapeutic targets in this clinical setting.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other" id="fn2">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Overexpression of the PTEN Gene in Myocardial Tissues of Coronary Bypass Surgery Patients</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
