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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">CX5yQhpYx8hSc97XJ6cHMMH</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000300202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00202</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230091</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Buscando Novos Par&#226;metros N&#227;o Invasivos para Prever a Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial ap&#243;s Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter de Radiofrequ&#234;ncia</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima-Concei&#231;&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Michael Ramon de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira-Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Lucas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2690-912X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Roman-Campos</surname>
            <given-names>Danilo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Escola Paulista de Medicina</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv2">Departamento de Biof&#237;sica</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Laborat&#243;rio de Cardiobiologia, Departamento de Biof&#237;sica, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Danilo Roman-Campos &#8226; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Rua Botucatu, 862, ECB, 2&#186; andar. CEP 04023-062, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>drcampos@unifesp.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230091</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Arritmias Card&#237;acas</kwd>
        <kwd>Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial</kwd>
        <kwd>Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter</kwd>
        <kwd>Eletrocardiografia/m&#233;todos</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="14"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>O Framingham Heart Study mostrou que a incid&#234;ncia e a preval&#234;ncia de fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial (FA) est&#227;o aumentando globalmente, com a preval&#234;ncia aumentando mais de tr&#234;s vezes de 1958 a 2007.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> Em 2017, havia 37,57 milh&#245;es de casos prevalentes e 3,05 milh&#245;es de casos incidentes de FA globalmente , contribuindo para 287.241 &#243;bitos.<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup> Not&#243;rio que a estimativa mostra que esses n&#250;meros podem aumentar ainda mais no futuro. A proje&#231;&#227;o mostra que somente nos EUA, 12,1 milh&#245;es de pessoas at&#233; 2050 poder&#227;o ter FA.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> De acordo com a Diretriz da Sociedade Europeia de Cardiologia de 2020, a FA &#233; definida como uma taquiarritmia supraventricular com ativa&#231;&#227;o el&#233;trica atrial descoordenada e contra&#231;&#227;o atrial ineficaz. As caracter&#237;sticas eletrocardiogr&#225;ficas da FA incluem intervalos RR irregularmente irregulares (quando a condu&#231;&#227;o atrioventricular n&#227;o est&#225; prejudicada), aus&#234;ncia de ondas P repetidas distintas e 3 ativa&#231;&#245;es atriais irregulares.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> O diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico em pacientes sintom&#225;ticos ou assintom&#225;ticos com FA &#233; feito por eletrocardiograma (ECG) de superf&#237;cie, com dura&#231;&#227;o m&#237;nima de 30 segundos de um ECG contendo tra&#231;ado t&#237;pico de FA.<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Embora exista uma defini&#231;&#227;o clara do diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico de FA, distinguem-se pelo menos cinco padr&#245;es de FA, que se baseiam na apresenta&#231;&#227;o, dura&#231;&#227;o e t&#233;rmino espont&#226;neo dos epis&#243;dios de FA.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> Muito provavelmente, a variedade de manifesta&#231;&#245;es cl&#237;nicas da FA est&#225; relacionada &#224; etiologia da doen&#231;a, que ainda n&#227;o est&#225; totalmente elucidada. Existem v&#225;rios preditores de desenvolvimento e progress&#227;o da FA, sendo os mais relevantes o &#237;ndice de massa corporal, frequ&#234;ncia card&#237;aca, idade, press&#227;o arterial sist&#243;lica, hist&#243;ria de hipertireoidismo, acidente vascular cerebral e insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> Devido &#224; natureza complexa da FA, o manejo adequado do paciente &#233; desafiador, o que implica, em uma situa&#231;&#227;o ideal, um acordo coordenado e bem definido entre as vias de cuidado individualizadas do paciente para oferecer o tratamento mais adequado e otimizado. A abordagem de tratamento atual para pacientes com FA consiste na via hol&#237;stica A(trial fibrillation), B(etter), C(are), tamb&#233;m conhecida como (ABC), que abrange: o &#8216;A&#8217; Anticoagula&#231;&#227;o/Evitar AVC; &#8216;B&#8217; Melhor manejo dos sintomas; e &#8216;C&#8217; Otimiza&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular e Comorbidade.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> &#201; importante ressaltar que o tratamento tamb&#233;m est&#225; sujeito a mudan&#231;as ao longo do tempo, principalmente pela descoberta de novos fatores de risco, progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a, sintomas, ferramentas e m&#233;todos diagn&#243;sticos, preditores e desenvolvimento de novos tratamentos.</p>
    <p>Na abordagem ABC, controlar o ritmo card&#237;aco &#233; um passo fundamental para melhorar o controle do ritmo card&#237;aco, incluindo cardiovers&#227;o, f&#225;rmacos antiarritmicos e abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter.</p>
    <p>Nesse cen&#225;rio, alguns pacientes s&#227;o refrat&#225;rios &#224; terapia antiarr&#237;tmica farmacol&#243;gica e, nesse caso, procedimentos minimamente invasivos est&#227;o se tornando cada vez mais comuns, como a abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter por radiofrequ&#234;ncia (ACRF).<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> O tratamento com ACRF busca interromper as vias el&#233;tricas anormais que causam batimentos irregulares.<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup>No entanto, ainda n&#227;o est&#225; claro se o ACRF, como primeira escolha de tratamento, est&#225; associado a melhores resultados cl&#237;nicos.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> Uma metan&#225;lise recente de ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados avaliou os benef&#237;cios da ACRF na manuten&#231;&#227;o do ritmo sinusal e na preven&#231;&#227;o de arritmias refrat&#225;rias, comparada com a terapia farmacol&#243;gica.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>-<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> Um total de 24 estudos envolvendo 5.730 pacientes foram inclu&#237;dos na meta-an&#225;lise. A abla&#231;&#227;o por cateter reduziu hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es, melhorou a fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo e maior aus&#234;ncia de arritmia atrial em compara&#231;&#227;o com o tratamento farmacol&#243;gico.<sup><xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup> Apesar da melhora na FA ap&#243;s ACRF, em alguns casos, o sucesso da ACRF n&#227;o &#233; claro. Assim, mais informa&#231;&#245;es s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para prever a efic&#225;cia da abla&#231;&#227;o de FA para orientar a sele&#231;&#227;o de pacientes apropriados e aumentar a taxa de benef&#237;cio da ACRF. A esse respeito, nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia<sup><xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup>foi relatada uma metan&#225;lise avaliando a influ&#234;ncia do volume do ap&#234;ndice atrial esquerdo (VAAE) na recorr&#234;ncia de FA ap&#243;s ACRF. Os autores encontraram uma correla&#231;&#227;o significativa entre o VAAE e recorr&#234;ncia de FA ap&#243;s ACRF. Assim, os autores sugerem que o volume do ap&#234;ndice atrial esquerdo pode ser um par&#226;metro confi&#225;vel para determinar as condi&#231;&#245;es estruturais e funcionais do &#225;trio esquerdo em pacientes com FA inicial e usar essa abordagem para otimizar a terapia com ACRF.</p>
    <p>Assim, futuros estudos de coorte s&#227;o necess&#225;rios para validar o valor preditor do VAAE e recorr&#234;ncia de FA ap&#243;s ACRF, o que acrescentaria novos par&#226;metros preditores n&#227;o invasivos no manejo de pacientes com FA.</p>
  </body>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: O Volume do Ap&#234;ndice Atrial Esquerdo Prediz a Recorr&#234;ncia de Fibrila&#231;&#227;o Atrial ap&#243;s Abla&#231;&#227;o por Cateter de Radiofrequ&#234;ncia: Uma Metan&#225;lise</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Chasing New Non-Invasive Parameters to Predict Atrial Fibrillation after Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lima-Concei&#231;&#227;o</surname>
            <given-names>Michael Ramon de</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Teixeira-Fonseca</surname>
            <given-names>Jorge Lucas</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-2690-912X</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Roman-Campos</surname>
            <given-names>Danilo</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Laborat&#243;rio de Cardiobiologia, Departamento de Biof&#237;sica, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Danilo Roman-Campos &#8226; Universidade Federal de S&#227;o Paulo &#8211; Rua Botucatu, 862, ECB, 2&#186; andar. Postal Code 04023-062, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: drcampos@unifesp.br </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Arrhythmias, Cardiac</kwd>
        <kwd>Atrial Fibrillation</kwd>
        <kwd>Catheter Ablation</kwd>
        <kwd>Electrocardiography/methods</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>The Framingham Heart Study showed that the incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) are increasing globally, with the prevalence increasing more than 3-fold from 1958 to 2007.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> In 2017 there were 37.57 million prevalent cases and 3.05 million incident cases of AF globally, contributing to 287241 deaths.<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup> Notorious that the estimation shows that these numbers may further increase in the future. The projection shows that only in the USA, 12.1 million people by 2050 may have AF.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> According to the 2020 European Society of Cardiology Guideline, AF is defined as a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia with uncoordinated atrial electrical activation and ineffective atrial contraction. Electrocardiographic characteristics of AF include irregularly irregular R-R intervals (when atrioventricular conduction is not impaired), absence of distinct repeating P waves, and 3 irregular atrial activations.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> The clinical diagnosis in symptomatic or asymptomatic AF patients is performed by surface electrocardiogram (ECG), with a minimum 30 s duration of an ECG containing a typical AF tracing.<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Even though a clear definition of the clinical diagnostic of AF exists, however, at least five patterns of AF are distinguished, which are based on presentation, duration, and spontaneous termination of AF episodes.<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref>,<xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup> Most likely, the variety of clinical AF manifestations is related to the etiology of the disease, which is not fully elucidated yet. Several AF development and progression predictors exist, and the most relevant are body mass index, heart rate, age, systolic blood pressure, history of hyperthyroidism, stroke, and heart failure.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> Due to the complex nature of AF, proper patient management is challenging, which implies, in an ideal situation, a coordinated and well-defined agreement between patient-individualized care pathways to deliver the most adequate and optimized treatment. The current treatment approach for AF patients consists of the A(trial fibrillation), B(etter), C(are), a.k.a the (ABC) holistic pathway, which encompasses: the &#8216;A&#8217; Anticoagulation/Avoid stroke; &#8216;B&#8217; Better symptom management; and &#8216;C&#8217; Cardiovascular and Comorbidity optimization.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> It is important to stress that the treatment is also subject to change over time, mostly because of the discovery of new risk factors, disease progression, symptoms, diagnostic tools and methods, predictors, and the development of new treatments.</p>
      <p>In the ABC approach, managing heart rhythm is a key step to improving the control of heart rhythm, including cardioversion, antiarrhythmic medication, and catheter ablation.</p>
      <p>In this scenario, some patients are refractory to pharmacological antiarrhythmic therapy, and in this case, minimally invasive procedures are becoming increasingly common, such as radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA).<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> Treatment with RFCA seeks to disrupt the abnormal electrical pathways that cause irregular beats.<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref></sup> However, it is still unclear whether RFCA, as the first treatment choice, is associated with better clinical outcomes.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> A recent meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials evaluated the benefits of RFCA in maintaining sinus rhythm and preventing refractory arrhythmias compared with pharmacological therapy.<sup><xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref>-<xref rid="B12" ref-type="bibr">12</xref></sup> A total of 24 studies involving 5,730 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Catheter ablation reduced hospitalizations, improved left ventricular ejection fraction, and greater absence of atrial arrhythmia compared with drug treatment.<sup><xref rid="B13" ref-type="bibr">13</xref></sup> Despite the improvement in AF following RFCA, in some cases, the success of RFCA is unclear. Thus, further information is necessary to predict the effectiveness of AF ablation to guide the selection of appropriate patients and increase the benefit ratio of RFCA. In this regard, in the of <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic><sup><xref rid="B14" ref-type="bibr">14</xref></sup> it was reported a meta-analysis evaluation of the influence of left atrial appendage volume (LAAV) on the recurrence of AF following RFCA. The authors found a significant correlation between LAAV and AF recurrence after RFCA. Thus, the authors suggest that the left atrial appendage volume could be a reliable parameter for determining the left atrial structural and functional conditions in early AF patients and use such an approach to optimize RFCA therapy.</p>
      <p>Thus, future Cohort studies are needed to validate the predictor value of LAAV and recurrence of AF after RFCA, which would add new no-invasive predictor parameters in the management of AF patients.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Left Atrial Appendage Volume Predicts Atrial Fibrillation Recurrence after Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation: A Meta-Analysis</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
