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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">3w34bNmzLGtGnf3dcg3rmfS</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000300201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00201</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230088</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Existe um Papel para Religi&#227;o e Espiritualidade na Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0758-5174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Christina Gr&#252;ne de Souza e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Rio de Janeiro</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RJ</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio (CLINIMEX), Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Christina Gr&#252;ne de Souza e Silva &#8226; Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; CLINIMEX - Rua Siqueira Campos, 93. CEP 22031-072, Copacabana, RJ &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>christina.g.dss@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230088</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Doen&#231;as Cardiovasculares</kwd>
        <kwd>Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Card&#237;aca</kwd>
        <kwd>Terapias Espirituais</kwd>
        <kwd>Qualidade de Vida</kwd>
        <kwd>Espiritualidade</kwd>
        <kwd>Religiosidade</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>A reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca (RC) &#233; uma interven&#231;&#227;o de preven&#231;&#227;o secund&#225;ria para promover a recupera&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca reduzindo a morbidade, mortalidade e incapacidade.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> Como tal, a RC foi reconhecida como parte fundamental do cuidado de pacientes com doen&#231;a cardiovascular e, na maioria das diretrizes atuais de sociedades de cardiologia em todo o mundo, a RC &#233; uma recomenda&#231;&#227;o classe I.<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Inicialmente, a abordagem padr&#227;o de &#8220;reabilita&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca&#8221; concentrava-se quase exclusivamente no exerc&#237;cio supervisionado, uma vez que muitos estudos anteriores haviam confirmado um impacto positivo das atividades f&#237;sicas regulares nos desfechos card&#237;acos.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> No entanto, atualmente, o modelo de RC centrado apenas no exerc&#237;cio tem sido considerado ultrapassado. Como cada vez mais evid&#234;ncias mostram que os eventos card&#237;acos afetam os pacientes n&#227;o somente fisicamente, mas tamb&#233;m, emocionalmente, socialmente e espiritualmente,<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup>os programas contempor&#226;neos de RC s&#227;o agora vistos como uma interven&#231;&#227;o multidisciplinar. Atualmente, abordagens espec&#237;ficas que visam influenciar favoravelmente condi&#231;&#245;es mentais e sociais, aprimorando a qualidade de vida e o bem-estar psicol&#243;gico, s&#227;o consideradas pe&#231;as-chave na recupera&#231;&#227;o card&#237;aca em conjunto com componentes centrais bem estabelecidos, como o manejo e controle de fatores de risco cardiovascular, aconselhamento de atividade f&#237;sica e prescri&#231;&#227;o de exerc&#237;cios.<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup></p>
    <p>A espiritualidade e o envolvimento religioso figuram com destaque entre os m&#233;todos que os pacientes card&#237;acos recorrem ao lidar com o estresse da vida e o adoecimento, estando associados a uma melhor aceita&#231;&#227;o da doen&#231;a e a n&#237;veis mais baixos de depress&#227;o ap&#243;s um evento card&#237;aco.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, uma maior religiosidade/espiritualidade tem mostrado ter uma associa&#231;&#227;o protetora com morte relacionada a doen&#231;as cr&#244;nicas, incluindo aquelas causadas por doen&#231;as cardiovasculares.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> No entanto, a religiosidade raramente &#233; discutida ou avaliada antes ou durante a participa&#231;&#227;o em programas de RC, provavelmente devido &#224; incerteza sobre a sua relev&#226;ncia na pr&#225;tica cl&#237;nica.</p>
    <p>Para preencher essa lacuna, von Flach et al.,<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> analisaram prospectivamente os dados de uma coorte de 57 pacientes com o objetivo principal de explorar o impacto da espiritualidade e da religi&#227;o na melhora da aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica e da qualidade de vida ap&#243;s participar de um programa de RC de 12 semanas. A espiritualidade e a religi&#227;o foram avaliadas no in&#237;cio do estudo por meio da aplica&#231;&#227;o da vers&#227;o em portugu&#234;s (Brasil) do &#205;ndice de Religiosidade de Duke, e os valores pr&#233; e p&#243;s-participa&#231;&#227;o do pico de consumo de oxig&#234;nio (VO<sub>2pico</sub>) e do escore <italic>Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ)</italic> foram medidos para avaliar aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica e qualidade de vida, respectivamente. Como esperado, ap&#243;s uma mediana de 34 sess&#245;es assistidas, observou-se melhora tanto no VO<sub>2pico</sub> (aumento mediano de 1,6 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>) quanto na qualidade de vida (redu&#231;&#227;o mediana de 11 pontos no escore do <italic>MLHFQ</italic>). No entanto, n&#227;o foram observadas diferen&#231;as quanto &#224;s principais dimens&#245;es da religiosidade ao comparar participantes que atingiram ganhos maiores ou menores em aptid&#227;o f&#237;sica ou qualidade de vida. Al&#233;m disso, n&#227;o houve correla&#231;&#227;o entre a mudan&#231;a no VO<sub>2pico</sub> e no escore do <italic>MLHFQ</italic> do in&#237;cio ao fim com a religiosidade.</p>
    <p>Deve-se ressaltar, no entanto, que esses achados t&#234;m capacidade de generaliza&#231;&#227;o limitada. Semelhante a pesquisas anteriores sobre religiosidade em diferentes cen&#225;rios card&#237;acos,<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> o estudo conduzido por von Flach et al.,<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> teve um pequeno tamanho amostral e uma curta dura&#231;&#227;o de seguimento, al&#233;m de ter inclu&#237;do predominantemente homens brancos que participaram de um programa privado de RC em um &#250;nico centro. Assim, pesquisas futuras s&#227;o necess&#225;rias para entender melhor se, quando e como a religi&#227;o e a espiritualidade podem desempenhar um papel significativo e independente no manejo de pacientes que participam de programas de RC.</p>
  </body>
  <back>
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          <lpage>2797</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11136-018-1906-4</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn id="fn1">
        <label/>
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Espiritualidade, Ganho Funcional e Qualidade de Vida em Reabilita&#231;&#227;o Cardiovascular</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Is There a Role for Religion and Spirituality in Cardiac Rehabilitation?</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0758-5174</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silva</surname>
            <given-names>Christina Gr&#252;ne de Souza e</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio (CLINIMEX), Rio de Janeiro, RJ &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: Christina Gr&#252;ne de Souza e Silva &#8226; Cl&#237;nica de Medicina do Exerc&#237;cio &#8211; CLINIMEX - Rua Siqueira Campos, 93. Postal Code 22031-072, Copacabana, RJ &#8211; Brazil E-mail: christina.g.dss@gmail.com </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Cardiovascular Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Cardiac Rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Spiritual Therapies</kwd>
        <kwd>Quality of Life</kwd>
        <kwd>Spirituality, Religiosity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is a secondary prevention intervention offered to promote cardiac recovery by reducing morbidity, mortality, and disability.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref></sup> As such, CR has been recognized as integral to the comprehensive care of patients with cardiovascular disease, and, in most current guidelines of cardiovascular societies globally, CR is a class I recommendation.<sup><xref rid="B2" ref-type="bibr">2</xref></sup></p>
      <p>At first, the standard &#8220;cardiac rehabilitation&#8221; approach focused almost exclusively on supervised exercise, since many previous studies had confirmed a positive impact of regular physical activities on cardiac outcomes.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref></sup> However, currently, the exercise-centric model of CR has been considered outdated. As increasing evidence has shown that cardiac events affect patients not only physically, but also emotionally, socially, and spiritually,<sup><xref rid="B4" ref-type="bibr">4</xref></sup> contemporary CR programs are now viewed as a multidisciplinary intervention. Among well-recognized core components such as management and control of cardiovascular risk factors, physical activity counseling, and exercise prescription, specific approaches that aim to influence favorably mental and social conditions, improving quality of life and psychological well-being, are now considered key players to cardiac recovery.<sup><xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">5</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Spirituality and religious involvement figure prominently among the methods that cardiac patients call on when coping with life stress and illness, being associated with better disease acceptance and lower levels of disease-related depression after a cardiac event.<sup><xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref></sup> Moreover, greater religiosity/spirituality has been shown to have a protective relationship with chronic disease-related death, including that caused by cardiovascular disease.<sup><xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> Yet, religiousness is rarely discussed or assessed prior to or during participation in CR programs, likely due to uncertainty about its relevance in clinical practice.</p>
      <p>To address this gap, von Flach et al.<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> prospectively analyzed data from a cohort of 57 patients with the primary goal of exploring the impact of spirituality and religion on the improvement of physical fitness and quality of life after participating in a 12-week CR program. Spirituality and religion were accessed at baseline through the application of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Duke Religiosity Index, and pre- and post-participation peak oxygen consumption (VO<sub>2peak</sub>) and Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ) scores were measured to access physical fitness and quality of life, respectively. As expected, after a median of 34 sessions attended, an improvement in both VO<sub>2peak</sub> (median increase of 1.6 mL.kg<sup>-1</sup>.min<sup>-1</sup>) and quality of life (median reduction of 11 points on the MLHFQ score) was observed. However, no differences regarding the major dimensions of religiosity were seen when comparing participants that achieved higher or lower physical fitness or quality of life gains. Moreover, there was no correlation between the change in VO<sub>2peak </sub>and in the MLHFQ score from baseline to end with religiosity.</p>
      <p>It should be underscored, however, that these findings have limited generalizability. Similar to previous research regarding religiousness in different cardiac settings,<sup><xref rid="B9" ref-type="bibr">9</xref>,<xref rid="B10" ref-type="bibr">10</xref></sup> the study conducted by von Flach et al.<sup><xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref></sup> had a small sample size and a short follow-up duration, and included predominantly white men that participated in a private single-center CR program. Thus, future research is further needed to understand better if, when, and how religion and spirituality could play a significant and independent role in the management of patients that participate in CR programs.</p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn id="fn1001">
          <label/>
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Spirituality, Functional Gain, and Quality of Life in Cardiovascular Rehabilitation</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
