<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.1 20151215//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" dtd-version="1.1" specific-use="sps-1.9" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="pt">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">tKpTtBnd6b3qd8G3Y3dQfsH</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000300310</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00310</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220431</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Artigo Original</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Rivaroxabana em Pacientes Ambulatoriais com COVID-19 Leve ou Moderada: Fundamenta&#231;&#227;o e Desenho do Estudo CARE (CARE &#8211; Coalition COVID-19 Brazil VIII)</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1815-6498</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo B. F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1089-6763</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Neves</surname>
            <given-names>Precil Diego M. M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0289-4947</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Haliton A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Catarino</surname>
            <given-names>Daniela Ghidetti Mangas</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7227-2863</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Alves</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas B. O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cavalcanti</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rosa</surname>
            <given-names>Regis G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0287-3601</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Veiga</surname>
            <given-names>Viviane C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Azevedo</surname>
            <given-names>Luciano C.P.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Berwanger</surname>
            <given-names>Ot&#225;vio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Renato D.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Avezum</surname>
            <given-names>&#193;lvaro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>on behalf of the Coalition VIII COVID-19 Brazil Investigators</role>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados</role>
          <role>An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de financiamento</role>
          <role>Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito</role>
          <role>Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Internacional de Pesquisa</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital Alem&#227;o Oswaldo Cruz</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, Hospital Alem&#227;o Oswaldo Cruz, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Pesquisas</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">HCOR</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Pesquisas HCOR, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Moinhos de Vento</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4">
        <label>4</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">A Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">A Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5">
        <label>5</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto de Pesquisa e Ensino</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s &#8211; Instituto de Pesquisa e Ensino, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6">
        <label>6</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7">
        <label>7</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Duke University</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Medical Center</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Durham</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">NC</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="US">EUA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC &#8211; EUA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8">
        <label>8</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisas Cl&#237;nicas</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">S&#227;o Paulo</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">SP</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisas Cl&#237;nicas, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: &#193;lvaro Avezum &#8226; Centro Internacional de Pesquisa &#8211; Hospital Alem&#227;o Oswaldo Cruz &#8211; Rua Treze de Maio, 1815. CEP 01323-020, Bela Vista, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brasil E-mail: <email>aavezum@haoc.com.br</email> </corresp>
        <fn id="fn1">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>03</day>
        <month>04</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220431</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>04</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>28</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>23</day>
          <month>11</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <abstract>
        <title>Resumo</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Fundamento</title>
          <p> Estudos anteriores revelaram alto risco de eventos tromboemb&#243;licos arteriais e venosos como consequ&#234;ncia de danos virais diretos do SARS-CoV-2 em c&#233;lulas endoteliais e um meio procoagulante devido ao aumento de biomarcadores como o D-d&#237;mero, fibrinog&#234;nio, fator VIII. Foram realizados ensaios controlados randomizados de terapias antitromb&#243;ticas em pacientes internados, no entanto, poucos estudos avaliaram o papel da tromboprofilaxia no ambiente ambulatorial.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objetivo</title>
          <p> Avaliar se a profilaxia antitromb&#243;tica com rivaroxabana reduz o risco de eventos tromb&#243;ticos venosos ou arteriais, suporte ventilat&#243;rio invasivo e morte em pacientes ambulatoriais com COVID-19.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos</title>
          <p> O estudo CARE &#233; um ensaio randomizado, aberto, multic&#234;ntrico e controlado por rivaroxabana 10 mg uma vez por dia durante 14 dias ou tratamento local padr&#227;o isolado, para a preven&#231;&#227;o de resultados adversos, registrado no Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04757857). Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o s&#227;o adultos com infec&#231;&#227;o confirmada ou suspeita do SARS-CoV-2, com sintomas leves ou moderados, sem indica&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o, no prazo de 7 dias ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio dos sintomas e um fator de risco de complica&#231;&#227;o da COVID-19 (&gt;65 anos, hipertens&#227;o, diabetes, asma, doen&#231;a pulmonar obstrutiva cr&#244;nica ou outras doen&#231;as pulmonares cr&#244;nicas, tabagismo, imunossupress&#227;o ou obesidade). O desfecho prim&#225;rio composto inclui tromboembolismo venoso, necessidade de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva, eventos cardiovasculares agudos maiores e mortalidade no prazo de 30 dias ap&#243;s a randomiza&#231;&#227;o, sendo avaliado segundo o princ&#237;pio da inten&#231;&#227;o de tratar. Todos os pacientes assinaram termo de consentimento. Foi estabelecido um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5% para todos os testes estat&#237;sticos.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Resultados</title>
          <p> Os principais desfechos tromb&#243;ticos e hemorr&#225;gicos, hospitaliza&#231;&#245;es e mortes ser&#227;o avaliados centralmente por um comit&#234; de eventos cl&#237;nicos independente, sob a condi&#231;&#227;o cega para a aloca&#231;&#227;o dos grupos de tratamento.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclus&#227;o</title>
          <p> O estudo CARE fornecer&#225; informa&#231;&#227;o relevante e contempor&#226;nea sobre o poss&#237;vel papel da tromboprofilaxia em pacientes ambulatoriais com COVID-19.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Trombose</kwd>
        <kwd>Resultado do Tratamento</kwd>
        <kwd>Rivaroxabana</kwd>
        <kwd>Ambulat&#243;rio Hospitalar</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="4"/>
        <table-count count="4"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="78"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Clinical trials registration: &lt;ext-link ext-link-type="clinical-trial" xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04757857"&gt;NCT04757857&lt;/ext-link&gt;.</p>
    <sec sec-type="intro">
      <title>Introdu&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os sintomas mais comuns da doen&#231;a do Coronav&#237;rus 2019 (COVID-19) incluem febre, fadiga, tosse seca, anorexia, mialgia e dispneia.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup> No entanto, os pacientes podem progredir para a s&#237;ndrome respirat&#243;ria aguda grave (SARS) e s&#237;ndrome inflamat&#243;ria multissist&#234;mica com elevado risco de morte.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>-<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>,<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>-<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, foi relatado elevado risco de eventos tromb&#243;ticos arteriais e venosos como consequ&#234;ncia de danos virais diretos de c&#233;lulas endoteliais e aumento de fatores procoagulantes tais como D-d&#237;mero, fibrinog&#234;nio, fator VIII, bem como estado de hiperviscosidade,<sup><xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>-<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></sup> o que intensifica a trombose micro e macrovascular<sup><xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>,<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref></sup> com uma rela&#231;&#227;o direta com a gravidade da COVID-19.<sup><xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>-<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref></sup> Al&#233;m disso, v&#225;rios estudos realizados no contexto epidemiol&#243;gico e sanit&#225;rio brasileiro relataram uma s&#233;rie de fatores de risco cardiovascular associados tanto &#224; sobrecarga como ao progn&#243;stico da COVID-19.<sup><xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>-<xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref></sup> Foram realizados ensaios controlados randomizados de terapias antitromb&#243;ticas em pacientes com COVID-19 hospitalizados, especialmente em pacientes cr&#237;ticos em unidades de terapia intensiva.<sup><xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>-<xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">35</xref></sup> De fato, as diretrizes atuais recomendam a profilaxia antitromb&#243;tica com heparina de baixo peso molecular (LMWH) ou heparina n&#227;o fracionada (UFH) para pacientes hospitalizados.<sup><xref rid="B36" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>-<xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">40</xref></sup> Contudo, apesar dos relatos de eventos tromb&#243;ticos ambulatoriais,<sup><xref rid="B41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref></sup> foram publicados poucos estudos sobre a sua frequ&#234;ncia e o poss&#237;vel papel da tromboprofilaxia.<sup><xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref></sup> A rivaroxabana &#233; um inibidor direto e altamente seletivo do fator Xa, com efic&#225;cia comprovada para a tromboprofilaxia<sup><xref rid="B42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>,<xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">43</xref></sup> e para a preven&#231;&#227;o cardiovascular secund&#225;ria.<sup><xref rid="B44" ref-type="bibr">44</xref></sup> Os inibidores seletivos do FXa podem deter a amplia&#231;&#227;o de gera&#231;&#227;o de trombina.<sup><xref rid="B45" ref-type="bibr">45</xref></sup></p>
      <p>O objetivo deste estudo &#233; avaliar se a rivaroxabana reduz os desfechos compostos de eventos do tromboembolismo venoso (TEV), necessidade de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva, eventos cardiovasculares adversos maiores (ECAM), definido como infarto agudo do mioc&#225;rdio, acidente vascular cerebral ou isquemia aguda de membros e morte dentro ou fora do hospital no prazo de 30 dias ap&#243;s a randomiza&#231;&#227;o de pacientes ambulatoriais com COVID-19, sem indica&#231;&#227;o clara de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o ap&#243;s assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica inicial.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec sec-type="methods">
      <title>M&#233;todos</title>
      <sec>
        <title>Coaliz&#227;o COVID-19 Brasil</title>
        <p>A Coaliz&#227;o COVID-19 Brasil &#233; uma iniciativa de investiga&#231;&#227;o colaborativa multic&#234;ntrica de pesquisadores brasileiros com o objetivo de avaliar os benef&#237;cios de diferentes f&#225;rmacos para diferentes n&#237;veis de gravidade da Covid-19. Alguns estudos foram publicados desde ent&#227;o como resultado dessa rede, os quais avaliaram efeitos de tratamentos como azitromicina, hidroxicloroquina, dexametasona, tocilizumabe e rivaroxabana em pacientes moderados a graves.<sup><xref rid="B46" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>-<xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">51</xref></sup></p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desenho do estudo</title>
        <p>Trata-se de ensaio controlado randomizado (1:1), aberto e multic&#234;ntrico de rivaroxabana (10 mg VO uma vez por dia durante 14 dias) em compara&#231;&#227;o com o tratamento local padr&#227;o, dentro de 7 dias a partir do in&#237;cio dos sintomas, para reduzir os desfechos compostos de TEV, a necessidade de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva, ECAM e a mortalidade devido &#224; COVID-19 dentro de 30 dias a partir da randomiza&#231;&#227;o. O estudo foi realizado em 47 locais com base em avalia&#231;&#227;o de viabilidade favor&#225;vel, cumprimento de boas pr&#225;ticas cl&#237;nicas e aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica. O protocolo segue as declara&#231;&#245;es do <italic>Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials</italic>.<sup><xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">52</xref></sup> A <xref rid="f01" ref-type="fig">Ilustra&#231;&#227;o Central</xref> exibe o fluxograma do estudo.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f01">
            <label>Figura Central</label>
            <caption>
              <title>: Rivaroxabana em Pacientes Ambulatoriais com COVID-19 Leve ou Moderada: Fundamenta&#231;&#227;o e Desenho do Estudo CARE (CARE &#8211; Coalition COVID-19 Brazil VIII)</title>
              <p>
                <italic>Diagrama CONSORT mostrando o fluxograma do estudo e o recrutamento planejado.</italic>
              </p>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-03-e20220431-20431-gf01.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Desfechos prim&#225;rios e secund&#225;rios</title>
        <p>Avaliaremos o desfecho de efic&#225;cia composto por TEV, necessidade de ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica invasiva, ECAM e morte dentro ou fora do hospital ap&#243;s 30 dias de seguimento. Tamb&#233;m pretendemos avaliar o tempo da randomiza&#231;&#227;o &#224; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o, a dura&#231;&#227;o da frequ&#234;ncia de admiss&#227;o &#224; unidade de terapia intensiva, necessidade de cuidado e a dura&#231;&#227;o da ventila&#231;&#227;o mec&#226;nica, o desfecho vascular composto I, (definido como infarto do mioc&#225;rdio n&#227;o fatal, acidente vascular cerebral isqu&#234;mico n&#227;o fatal ou morte cardiovascular, TEV), o desfecho vascular composto II, (definido como morte cardiovascular, infarto do mioc&#225;rdio n&#227;o fatal, acidente vascular cerebral isqu&#234;mico n&#227;o fatal ou isquemia aguda de membros, TEV), hemorragia importante definida pelos crit&#233;rios da Sociedade Internacional de Trombose e Hemostasia (ISTH):<sup><xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">53</xref></sup> a) Qualquer sinal ou sintoma de hemorragia (hemorragia que exceda o esperado para uma circunst&#226;ncia cl&#237;nica, incluindo hemorragia diagnosticada apenas por imagem) que n&#227;o se enquadre nos crit&#233;rios da hemorragia maior da ISTH, mas que satisfa&#231;a pelo menos um dos crit&#233;rios seguintes: i. Que requeira interven&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica por profissional de sa&#250;de; ii. Que conduza &#224; hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o ou ao aumento do n&#237;vel de assist&#234;ncia; iii. Que provoque uma avalia&#231;&#227;o presencial (n&#227;o apenas por telefone ou comunica&#231;&#227;o eletr&#244;nica); b) A hemorragia grave definida pela ISTH em pacientes n&#227;o cir&#250;rgicos &#233; definida como tendo uma apresenta&#231;&#227;o sintom&#225;tica e: i. Hemorragia fatal, e/ou ii. Hemorragia numa &#225;rea ou &#243;rg&#227;o cr&#237;tico, como intracraniana, intraespinhal, intraocular, retroperitoneal, intra-articular ou peric&#225;rdica ou intramuscular com s&#237;ndrome compartimental e/ou iii. Hemorragia que provoque diminui&#231;&#227;o do n&#237;vel de hemoglobina de 20 g.L<sup>-1</sup> (1,24 mmol.L<sup>-1</sup>) ou mais ou que conduza &#224; transfus&#227;o de duas ou mais unidades de sangue total ou eritr&#243;citos e mortalidade por todas as causas.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Crit&#233;rios de sele&#231;&#227;o</title>
        <p>Casos suspeitos e confirmados ser&#227;o definidos com base na classifica&#231;&#227;o definida nas Diretrizes do Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de do Brasil e recomenda&#231;&#245;es da OMS<sup><xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>,<xref rid="B55" ref-type="bibr">55</xref></sup> e adaptada para o ambiente ambulatorial (<xref rid="t1" ref-type="table">Tabela 1</xref>). Os crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o s&#227;o descritos na <xref rid="t2" ref-type="table">Tabela 2</xref>.</p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t1">
            <label>Tabela 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Defini&#231;&#227;o de caso de COVID-19 para o Estudo CARE conforme o Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de do Brasil e a Organiza&#231;&#227;o Mundial da Sa&#250;de</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="50%">
                <col/>
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Estado da COVID-19</th>
                  <th align="left">Defini&#231;&#227;o</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Confirmado</td>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Indiv&#237;duo com confirma&#231;&#227;o laboratorial de COVID-19 (detec&#231;&#227;o do v&#237;rus SARS-CoV-2 por meio de RT-PCR), de prefer&#234;ncia coletado entre o 4&#186; e 7&#186; dia de in&#237;cio dos sintomas por esfrega&#231;os nasofar&#237;ngeos/orofar&#237;ngeos, independentemente dos sinais e sintomas.</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Ensaio imunocromatogr&#225;fico r&#225;pido validado para detec&#231;&#227;o de ant&#237;geno viral em amostra coletada das vias respirat&#243;rias superiores, de prefer&#234;ncia entre o 2&#186; e o 7&#186; dia ap&#243;s o in&#237;cio dos sinais e sintomas.</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Imunol&#243;gicos (teste r&#225;pido ou sorologia cl&#225;ssica para detectar anticorpos IgM/IgG), numa amostra coletada ap&#243;s o 7&#186; dia de in&#237;cio dos sintomas, analisados por teste validado.</p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>Suspeito</td>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="bullet">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Paciente que preencha pelo menos um dos seguintes crit&#233;rios *:</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Paciente com doen&#231;a respirat&#243;ria aguda (febre E pelo menos um sinal/sintoma de doen&#231;a respirat&#243;ria, por exemplo, tosse ou dispneia) E hist&#243;rico de viagem ou residente em local que relata a transmiss&#227;o comunit&#225;ria da COVID-19 durante os 14 dias anteriores ao in&#237;cio dos sintomas.</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Paciente com doen&#231;a respirat&#243;ria aguda E tendo estado em contato com um caso confirmado ou prov&#225;vel (com doen&#231;a respirat&#243;ria aguda sem confirma&#231;&#227;o laboratorial) de COVID-19 nos 14 dias anteriores ao in&#237;cio dos sintomas.</p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN1">
                <p>
                  <italic>* Dependendo do estado cl&#237;nico do paciente, esses crit&#233;rios podem ser complementados por achados radiol&#243;gicos (infiltra&#231;&#227;o intersticial na radiografia do t&#243;rax e/ou opacidade em vidro fosco na tomografia pulmonar). Deve salientar-se que trataremos uma maioria com sintomas leves, que n&#227;o t&#234;m indica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica para exame por imagem.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
        <p>
          <table-wrap id="t2">
            <label>Tabela 2</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o e exclus&#227;o</title>
            </caption>
            <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
              <colgroup width="100%">
                <col/>
              </colgroup>
              <thead>
                <tr>
                  <th align="left">Crit&#233;rios Gerais</th>
                </tr>
              </thead>
              <tbody>
                <tr>
                  <td>Adultos ambulatoriais (&gt;18 anos) &#224; procura de assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica com diagn&#243;stico suspeito ou confirmado de COVID-19, com &#8804; 7 dias desde o in&#237;cio dos sintomas, apresentando sintomas leves a moderados sem indica&#231;&#227;o clara de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o e pelo menos dois dos seguintes fatores de risco de complica&#231;&#245;es:</td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <hr/>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Crit&#233;rios de inclus&#227;o</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <hr/>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="order">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>&#8805;65 anos</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Hipertens&#227;o arterial</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Diabetes</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Asma</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>DPOC ou outras doen&#231;as pulmonares cr&#244;nicas</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Tabagismo</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Imunossupress&#227;o</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Obesidade (IMC &gt; 30)</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Hist&#243;rico de c&#226;ncer n&#227;o ativo</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Restri&#231;&#227;o de leito ou mobilidade reduzida (&#8805;50% do tempo de vig&#237;lia sem deambular)</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Hist&#243;rico anterior de TEV</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Uso de contraceptivos hormonais orais</p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <hr/>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <bold>Crit&#233;rios de Exclus&#227;o</bold>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <hr/>
                  </td>
                </tr>
                <tr>
                  <td>
                    <list list-type="order">
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Pacientes &lt;18 anos de idade;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Indica&#231;&#227;o de hospitaliza&#231;&#227;o na primeira assist&#234;ncia m&#233;dica;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Teste positivo para influenza na primeira consulta;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Qualquer doen&#231;a hep&#225;tica conhecida associada &#224; coagulopatia; RNI&gt; 1,5;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Gestantes, lactantes ou com a possibilidade de engravidar e sem utilizar um m&#233;todo contraceptivo adequado;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Alto risco de hemorragia; hist&#243;rico de bronquiectasia ou cavita&#231;&#227;o pulmonar, hemorragia significativa nos &#250;ltimos 3 meses, &#250;lcera gastroduodenal ativa, hist&#243;rico de hemorragia recente (dentro de 3 meses) ou elevado risco de hemorragia;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Acidente vascular cerebral no prazo de 1 m&#234;s ou qualquer hist&#243;rico de acidente vascular cerebral hemorr&#225;gico ou lacunar ou qualquer hemorragia intracraniana ou qualquer neoplasia intracraniana, met&#225;stase cerebral, malforma&#231;&#227;o arteriovenosa ou aneurisma cerebral;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca grave com fra&#231;&#227;o de eje&#231;&#227;o do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo &lt;30% (identificada por ecocardiograma ou outro m&#233;todo validado previamente documentado) ou sintomas de insufici&#234;ncia card&#237;aca classe III ou IV da New York Heart Association (NYHA);</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Taxa de filtra&#231;&#227;o glomerular estimada (TFGe) &lt;30 mL/min conforme a equa&#231;&#227;o CKD-EPI;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Indica&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica para terapia antiplaquet&#225;ria dupla ou terapia anticoagulante (TEV, fibrila&#231;&#227;o atrial/<italic>flutter</italic>, pr&#243;tese de v&#225;lvula mec&#226;nica);</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Trombocitopenia marcada (plaquetas &lt;50.000/mm<sup>3</sup>);</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Doen&#231;as n&#227;o cardiovasculares associadas a progn&#243;stico desfavor&#225;vel, por exemplo, neoplasias ativas (excluindo c&#226;ncer de pele n&#227;o melanoma) definidas como neoplasias sem remiss&#227;o ou que requerem quimioterapia ativa ou terapias adjuvantes como imunoterapia ou radioterapia, ou que aumentam o risco de rea&#231;&#227;o adversa &#224;s interven&#231;&#245;es avaliadas;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Hist&#243;rico de hipersensibilidade ou contraindica&#231;&#227;o conhecida &#224; rivaroxabana;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Tratamento sist&#234;mico com fortes inibidores do CYP3A4 e glicoprote&#237;na p (P-gp) (por exemplo, antimic&#243;ticos az&#243;licos sist&#234;micos, tais como cetoconazol e inibidores da prote&#237;na do v&#237;rus da imunodefici&#234;ncia humana [HIV], tais como ritonavir) ou fortes indutores do CYP3A4, ou seja, rifampicina, rifabutina, fenobarbital, fenito&#237;na e carbamazepina;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Tratamento existente em teste;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Participa&#231;&#227;o concomitante em outro estudo com drogas experimentais no contexto da COVID-19;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Uso de cloroquina ou hidroxicloroquina associado &#224; azitromicina;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>C&#226;ncer ativo;</p>
                      </list-item>
                      <list-item>
                        <p>Outras contraindica&#231;&#245;es &#224; rivaroxabana;</p>
                      </list-item>
                    </list>
                  </td>
                </tr>
              </tbody>
            </table>
            <table-wrap-foot>
              <fn id="TFN2">
                <p>
                  <italic>RNI: raz&#227;o normalizada internacional; CKD-EPI: Chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration.</italic>
                </p>
              </fn>
            </table-wrap-foot>
          </table-wrap>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Interven&#231;&#245;es e avalia&#231;&#227;o de seguimento</title>
        <p>Ambos os bra&#231;os se destinam a receber assist&#234;ncia padronizada conforme a pr&#225;tica local, que inclui recomenda&#231;&#245;es gerais e medicamentos para al&#237;vio dos sintomas que ficam a crit&#233;rio m&#233;dico. Os pacientes do grupo rivaroxabana recebem 10 mg VO uma vez por dia durante 14 dias. Os pacientes do grupo controle n&#227;o devem receber tratamento complementar para al&#233;m da assist&#234;ncia local, como mencionado anteriormente. Est&#227;o previstas duas consultas de seguimento atrav&#233;s de chamadas telef&#244;nicas para avaliar a ades&#227;o &#224; rivaroxabana e detectar poss&#237;vel progress&#227;o da doen&#231;a ou eventos adversos.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Interrup&#231;&#227;o do medicamento e seguimento do paciente</title>
        <p>O investigador interromper&#225; o medicamento em estudo e o paciente dever&#225; ser seguido por 30 dias e todos os procedimentos delineados neste protocolo dever&#227;o ser realizados nesses casos:</p>
        <list list-type="alpha-lower">
          <list-item>
            <p>Qualquer condi&#231;&#227;o m&#233;dica que, a crit&#233;rio do patrocinador ou do investigador, impe&#231;a o paciente de continuar o tratamento, descrevendo o motivo e a respectiva evid&#234;ncia;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Os pacientes desenvolverem um evento adverso grave que compromete a ades&#227;o e a seguran&#231;a. O investigador seguir&#225; os pacientes at&#233; que o evento adverso esteja resolvido ou est&#225;vel e seja considerado clinicamente irrelevante.</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Pacientes com resultado negativo para SARS-CoV-2 pela rea&#231;&#227;o da transcriptase reversa (RT-PCR).</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>Quando o teste para SARS-Cov-2 for realizado no hospital em que o paciente &#233; randomizado, o investigador principal do centro acessar&#225; essa informa&#231;&#227;o e a compartilhar&#225; com o centro coordenador (Centro Internacional de Pesquisa do Hospital Alem&#227;o Osvaldo Cruz). O paciente ser&#225; informado da interrup&#231;&#227;o do tratamento e continuar&#225; sendo seguido at&#233; o fim do seguimento de 30 dias.</p>
        <p>Quando o teste para SARS-Cov-2 (RT-PCR) for realizado em outro laborat&#243;rio, o paciente informar&#225; o centro em que &#233; randomizado e depois este informar&#225; o Centro Internacional de Pesquisa para que a equipe do estudo possa indicar a interrup&#231;&#227;o do medicamento mantendo o seguimento por at&#233; por at&#233; 30 dias.</p>
        <p>O estudo ser&#225; interrompido caso sejam observados benef&#237;cios claros da interven&#231;&#227;o no desfecho prim&#225;rio de efic&#225;cia ou no caso de aumento da frequ&#234;ncia de eventos hemorr&#225;gicos importantes. O Comit&#234; de Monitoramento de Seguran&#231;a de Dados (<italic>Data Safety Monitoring Board</italic>, DSMB) avaliar&#225; atentamente qualquer ocorr&#234;ncia de eventos adversos graves e, atrav&#233;s de pressupostos estat&#237;sticos, poder&#225; recomendar o fim do estudo para garantir a seguran&#231;a dos pacientes.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Manejo e relato de eventos adversos</title>
        <p>As informa&#231;&#245;es coletadas devem incluir o hist&#243;rico m&#233;dico e as comorbidades, o diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico de COVID-19 e sua gravidade, a data de in&#237;cio, a defini&#231;&#227;o da probabilidade de rela&#231;&#227;o causal, bem como a causa principal, a decis&#227;o m&#233;dica, os desfechos adversos, os crit&#233;rios utilizados para classificar a gravidade do evento e a data do t&#233;rmino.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Relato e julgamento do desfecho</title>
        <p>O desfecho prim&#225;rio de efic&#225;cia ser&#225; avaliado por m&#233;dicos com experi&#234;ncia pr&#233;via no julgamento de eventos cl&#237;nicos. As admiss&#245;es hospitalares devido a causas relacionadas com a COVID-19 ser&#227;o documentadas pela equipe m&#233;dica e a informa&#231;&#227;o ser&#225; coletada para verifica&#231;&#227;o de eventos cl&#237;nicos sob condi&#231;&#227;o cega, seguindo crit&#233;rios padronizados semelhantes aos j&#225; aplicados no estudo PURE (Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology).</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Coleta e tratamento de dados</title>
        <p>Os dados ser&#227;o coletados por meio de formul&#225;rio eletr&#244;nico de coleta de dados (<italic>electronic case report form, eCRF</italic>) e registados por cada centro participante, sendo a forma&#231;&#227;o e o apoio fornecidos pelo centro coordenador para assegurar a qualidade dos dados. Os dados a serem coletados do paciente e/ou familiares durante as visitas de estudo incluem:</p>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>1. Admiss&#227;o (in&#237;cio do estudo):</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <list list-type="alpha-lower">
          <list-item>
            <p>Idade, sexo, estado civil, etnia, escolaridade, renda familiar e comorbidades;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Resultados de testes moleculares ou sorol&#243;gicos para COVID-19 (dependendo do tempo desde o in&#237;cio dos sintomas/diagn&#243;stico cl&#237;nico);</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Uso concomitante de medicamentos no in&#237;cio do estudo;</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Dura&#231;&#227;o dos sintomas;</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>2. No 15&#186; dia ap&#243;s a randomiza&#231;&#227;o:</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <list list-type="alpha-lower">
          <list-item>
            <p>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da seguran&#231;a (monitoramento de eventos adversos);</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Ades&#227;o ao medicamento;</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <list list-type="bullet">
          <list-item>
            <p>3. No 30&#186; dia ap&#243;s a randomiza&#231;&#227;o:</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <list list-type="alpha-lower">
          <list-item>
            <p>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da efic&#225;cia (desfecho prim&#225;rio);</p>
          </list-item>
          <list-item>
            <p>Avalia&#231;&#227;o da seguran&#231;a (monitoramento de eventos adversos);</p>
          </list-item>
        </list>
        <p>A <xref rid="f02" ref-type="fig">figura 1</xref> apresenta o esquema da coleta de dados e do seguimento dos participantes.</p>
        <p>
          <fig id="f02">
            <label>Figura 1</label>
            <caption>
              <title>&#8211; Esquema de levantamento de dados e seguimento dos pacientes.</title>
            </caption>
            <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-03-e20220431-20431-gf02.jpg"/></fig>
        </p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>An&#225;lise estat&#237;stica</title>
        <sec>
          <title>C&#225;lculo amostral e procedimento de randomiza&#231;&#227;o</title>
          <p>Estimamos que uma amostra de 932 pacientes (466 por grupo) forneceria um poder estat&#237;stico de 80% para detectar uma redu&#231;&#227;o do risco relativo (RRR) de 30%, pressupondo uma taxa de desfecho prim&#225;rio de 25% no Grupo Controle e 17,5% no Grupo Rivaroxabana, um teste de hip&#243;tese bidirecional e um n&#237;vel de signific&#226;ncia de 5% utilizando o teste Qui-quadrado. A taxa de perda de seguimento estimada foi de 5% por grupo, o que implicaria 982 pacientes. Finalmente, decidiu-se que 1.000 pacientes seriam randomizados no estudo. O c&#225;lculo do tamanho da amostra foi realizado com o SAS 9.4 (procedimento PROC POWER).<sup><xref rid="B56" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>,<xref rid="B57" ref-type="bibr">57</xref></sup> A randomiza&#231;&#227;o ser&#225; permutada em blocos com tamanho de bloco fixo de oito, por meio de uma lista de randomiza&#231;&#227;o gerada eletronicamente utilizando <italic>software</italic> pr&#243;prio.<sup><xref rid="B58" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>,<xref rid="B59" ref-type="bibr">59</xref></sup> A oculta&#231;&#227;o da aloca&#231;&#227;o ser&#225; mantida por um sistema 24 horas, centralizado, automatizado e via Internet desenvolvido pelo Hospital Alem&#227;o Oswaldo Cruz.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>An&#225;lises interinas</title>
          <p>Preveem-se tr&#234;s an&#225;lises interinas por um DSMB independente quando o tamanho da amostra atingir 25% (250 participantes), 50% (500 participantes) e 75% (750 participantes) conforme a abordagem Haybittle-Peto.<sup><xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>,<xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">61</xref></sup> Na an&#225;lise de seguran&#231;a, o estudo pode ser interrompido conforme o m&#233;todo Haybittle-Peto se houver sinal de dano com p&lt;0,01 (em cada an&#225;lise interina). Na an&#225;lise de efic&#225;cia, o estudo pode ser interrompido conforme o m&#233;todo de Haybittle-Peto se houver sinal de benef&#237;cio (desfecho prim&#225;rio) com p&lt;0,001 (em cada an&#225;lise interina).<sup><xref rid="B62" ref-type="bibr">62</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>M&#233;todos estat&#237;sticos</title>
          <p>As caracter&#237;sticas basais ser&#227;o referidas como frequ&#234;ncia, porcentagem, m&#233;dia e desvio-padr&#227;o ou mediana e intervalo interquartil, sempre que apropriado.<sup><xref rid="B63" ref-type="bibr">63</xref></sup> O efeito da rivaroxabana sobre os desfechos prim&#225;rios e secund&#225;rios ser&#225; estimado com risco relativo (RR) e intervalo de confian&#231;a de 95% (IC95%). Todos os desfechos ser&#227;o avaliados por inten&#231;&#227;o de tratar. O teste Qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher ser&#227;o aplicados para o teste de hip&#243;teses. A diferen&#231;a absoluta entre duas propor&#231;&#245;es e relatada com o respectivo IC95% ser&#225; avaliada conforme o m&#233;todo de Newcombe.<sup><xref rid="B64" ref-type="bibr">64</xref>,<xref rid="B65" ref-type="bibr">65</xref></sup> An&#225;lises explorat&#243;rias do desfecho prim&#225;rio ser&#227;o feitas considerando o efeito da interven&#231;&#227;o dentro de subgrupos predefinidos ou <italic>post-hoc</italic>, conforme observa&#231;&#245;es ao longo do estudo e mudan&#231;as din&#226;micas no surto de variantes do SARS-CoV-2. Realizar-se-&#227;o testes de intera&#231;&#227;o utilizando modelos de regress&#227;o log&#237;stica bin&#225;ria que incluem o efeito do tratamento, o fator de interesse e um termo de intera&#231;&#227;o entre as duas vari&#225;veis (termo de intera&#231;&#227;o tratamento-subgrupo) utilizando o conjunto completo de pacientes e reportando o valor p do termo de intera&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref rid="B66" ref-type="bibr">66</xref></sup> O efeito da interven&#231;&#227;o sobre a mortalidade ser&#225; avaliado utilizando curvas de Kaplan-Meier e modelo de regress&#227;o de risco proporcional univariado de Cox, com Hazard Ratio (HR) e IC95%. As curvas de sobrevida ser&#227;o comparadas com testes <italic>log-rank</italic>. Os pressupostos de risco proporcional ser&#227;o verificados usando somas cumulativas de res&#237;duos de Martingale e teste supremo do tipo Kolmogorov com base numa amostra de 1.000 padr&#245;es residuais simulados.<sup><xref rid="B67" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>,<xref rid="B68" ref-type="bibr">68</xref></sup> Se o fen&#244;meno de probabilidade mon&#243;tona ocorrer ou se for observado um n&#250;mero raro de eventos, a abordagem de probabilidade parcial penalizada de Firth no modelo de regress&#227;o de Cox ser&#225; aplicada com HR e IC95% do perfil de probabilidade.<sup><xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>,<xref rid="B70" ref-type="bibr">70</xref></sup> Com base no recrutamento de pacientes e dados epidemiol&#243;gicos continuamente atualizados pelo Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de e relat&#243;rios locais, pretendemos incluir tr&#234;s m&#233;todos adicionais que podem contribuir para a avalia&#231;&#227;o da efic&#225;cia cl&#237;nica global: a) Desfecho prim&#225;rio de efic&#225;cia mais interna&#231;&#245;es devido &#224; COVID-19; b) Taxa de vit&#243;ria (<italic>win-ratio</italic>) do desfecho prim&#225;rio de efic&#225;cia; e c) Taxa de vit&#243;ria (<italic>win-ratio</italic>) do desfecho prim&#225;rio de efic&#225;cia mais interna&#231;&#245;es devido &#224; COVID-19.<sup><xref rid="B71" ref-type="bibr">71</xref>,<xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">72</xref></sup> Os desfechos secund&#225;rios definidos por vari&#225;veis quantitativas ser&#227;o comparados entre os dois grupos utilizando o teste <italic>t</italic> de Student n&#227;o pareado ou o teste Mann-Whitney para vari&#225;veis distribu&#237;das n&#227;o normalmente, quando apropriado. Proceder-se-&#225; &#224; compara&#231;&#227;o de eventos adversos entre os dois grupos de tratamento com o teste Qui-quadrado ou o teste exato de Fisher. Al&#233;m disso, para o desfecho prim&#225;rio, se a propor&#231;&#227;o de dados em falta for superior a 5%,<sup><xref rid="B73" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>,<xref rid="B74" ref-type="bibr">74</xref></sup> ser&#225; realizada uma an&#225;lise de sensibilidade utilizando uma t&#233;cnica de imputa&#231;&#227;o m&#250;ltipla de dados.<sup><xref rid="B75" ref-type="bibr">75</xref>,<xref rid="B76" ref-type="bibr">76</xref></sup> A normalidade ser&#225; avaliada com inspe&#231;&#227;o visual dos histogramas e aplica&#231;&#227;o de testes de normalidade como o teste Shapiro-Wilk ou o teste D&#8217;Agostino-Pearson, quando conveniente.<sup><xref rid="B77" ref-type="bibr">77</xref>,<xref rid="B78" ref-type="bibr">78</xref></sup> Todos os testes de hip&#243;teses ser&#227;o bidirecionais e um valor de p menor que 0,05 ser&#225; considerado estatisticamente significativo. As an&#225;lises estat&#237;sticas ser&#227;o realizadas com o SAS vers&#227;o 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc, Cary, NC, EUA) ou R Statistical Software (R Foundation, Viena, &#193;ustria).</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Bloqueio do banco de dados</title>
          <p>O bloqueio do banco de dados ocorrer&#225; ap&#243;s a conclus&#227;o do seguimento de 30 dias de todos os pacientes, monitoramento cl&#237;nico final e monitoria dos dados. Todas as an&#225;lises interinas ser&#227;o postas &#224; disposi&#231;&#227;o das ag&#234;ncias reguladoras locais do Brasil. O acesso ao banco de dados ser&#225; concedido apenas aos membros do Comit&#234; Diretor e aos estat&#237;sticos antes da publica&#231;&#227;o dos principais resultados.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Supervis&#227;o do ensaio cl&#237;nico</title>
          <p>O Comit&#234; Executivo/Diretor &#233; respons&#225;vel pela supervis&#227;o geral do estudo, desenvolvimento do protocolo do estudo e reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito. O DSMB avaliou os efeitos da rivaroxabana em compara&#231;&#227;o com os cuidados padronizados conforme a pr&#225;tica local em rela&#231;&#227;o aos desfechos prim&#225;rios e secund&#225;rios. Essa comiss&#227;o supervisiona qualquer evento adverso grave e pode recomendar a interrup&#231;&#227;o do tratamento, se necess&#225;rio, para garantir a seguran&#231;a do paciente.</p>
        </sec>
      </sec>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>&#201;tica e divulga&#231;&#227;o</title>
      <p>Os registos de todos os pacientes ser&#227;o mantidos confidenciais e acess&#237;veis de forma restrita. Cada paciente ou representante legal assinou termo de consentimento livre e esclarecido depois de os riscos/benef&#237;cios e procedimentos de estudo terem sido totalmente explicados. O protocolo de estudo inicial e todas as emendas foram aprovados pelos conselhos de revis&#227;o institucionais locais e pela Comiss&#227;o Nacional de &#201;tica e Pesquisa do Brasil, em conformidade com a Resolu&#231;&#227;o CNS 466/2012. Este estudo est&#225; registado sob o n&#250;mero NCT04757857 no Clinicaltrials.gov. Este estudo ser&#225; submetido para publica&#231;&#227;o independentemente dos seus resultados.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Perspectiva</title>
      <p>O estudo CARE fornecer&#225; informa&#231;&#227;o relevante e contempor&#226;nea sobre o poss&#237;vel contributo da tromboprofilaxia em pacientes ambulatoriais com COVID-19.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Fontes de financiamento</title>
      <p>Este estudo foi iniciado por investigadores com o apoio financeiro da COALIZ&#195;O COVID-19 Brasil e Bayer S.A., que forneceram o medicamento em estudo e aux&#237;lio financeiro parcial. As fontes de financiamento n&#227;o tiveram qualquer papel na realiza&#231;&#227;o e an&#225;lise do estudo, interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados ou decis&#227;o de publicar os resultados.</p>
    </sec>
    <sec>
      <title>Declara&#231;&#227;o de compartilhamento de dados</title>
      <p>Todas as informa&#231;&#245;es relativas a este protocolo de ensaio cl&#237;nico est&#227;o acess&#237;veis aqui.</p>
    </sec>
  </body>
  <back>
    <ref-list>
      <title>Refer&#234;ncias</title>
      <ref id="B1">
        <label>1</label>
        <mixed-citation>1. Xu XW, Wu XX, Jiang XG, Xu KJ, Ying LJ, Ma CL, et al. Clinical Findings in a Group of Patients Infected with the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) Outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective Case Series. BMJ. 2020;368:m606. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m606.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Xu</surname>
              <given-names>XW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wu</surname>
              <given-names>XX</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jiang</surname>
              <given-names>XG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Xu</surname>
              <given-names>KJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ying</surname>
              <given-names>LJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ma</surname>
              <given-names>CL</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical Findings in a Group of Patients Infected with the 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-Cov-2) Outside of Wuhan, China: Retrospective Case Series</article-title>
          <source>BMJ</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>368</volume>
          <fpage>m606</fpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/bmj.m606</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B2">
        <label>2</label>
        <mixed-citation>2. World Health Organization. Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>World Health Organization</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Clinical management of severe acute respiratory infection when novel coronavirus (nCoV) infection is suspected</source>
          <publisher-loc>Geneva</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>World Health Organization</publisher-name>
          <year>2020</year>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B3">
        <label>3</label>
        <mixed-citation>3. Huang C, Wang Y, Li X, Ren L, Zhao J, Hu Y, et al. Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):497-506. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Huang</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Li</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ren</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhao</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hu</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical Features of Patients Infected with 2019 Novel Coronavirus in Wuhan, China</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>395</volume>
          <issue>10223</issue>
          <fpage>497</fpage>
          <lpage>506</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B4">
        <label>4</label>
        <mixed-citation>4. Li B, Yang J, Zhao F, Zhi L, Wang X, Liu L, et al. Prevalence and Impact of Cardiovascular Metabolic Diseases on COVID-19 in China. Clin Res Cardiol. 2020;109(5):531-8. doi: 10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Li</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhao</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhi</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Prevalence and Impact of Cardiovascular Metabolic Diseases on COVID-19 in China</article-title>
          <source>Clin Res Cardiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>109</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>531</fpage>
          <lpage>538</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00392-020-01626-9</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B5">
        <label>5</label>
        <mixed-citation>5. Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061-9. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.1585.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hu</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hu</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhu</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical Characteristics of 138 Hospitalized Patients with 2019 Novel Coronavirus-Infected Pneumonia in Wuhan, China</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>323</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>1061</fpage>
          <lpage>1069</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.2020.1585</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B6">
        <label>6</label>
        <mixed-citation>6. Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(18):1708-20. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Guan</surname>
              <given-names>WJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ni</surname>
              <given-names>ZY</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hu</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liang</surname>
              <given-names>WH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ou</surname>
              <given-names>CQ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>He</surname>
              <given-names>JX</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>382</volume>
          <issue>18</issue>
          <fpage>1708</fpage>
          <lpage>1720</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa2002032</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B7">
        <label>7</label>
        <mixed-citation>7. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 99 Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Descriptive Study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chen</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhou</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dong</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Qu</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gong</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Han</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 99 Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Descriptive Study</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>395</volume>
          <issue>10223</issue>
          <fpage>507</fpage>
          <lpage>513</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B8">
        <label>8</label>
        <mixed-citation>8. Wu C, Chen X, Cai Y, Xia J, Zhou X, Xu S, et al. Risk Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA Intern Med. 2020;180(7):934-43. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wu</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chen</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cai</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Xia</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhou</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Xu</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Risk Factors Associated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and Death in Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pneumonia in Wuhan, China</article-title>
          <source>JAMA Intern Med</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>180</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>934</fpage>
          <lpage>943</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jamainternmed.2020.0994</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B9">
        <label>9</label>
        <mixed-citation>9. Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical Course and Risk Factors for Mortality of Adult Inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1054-62. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Zhou</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yu</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Du</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fan</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Clinical Course and Risk Factors for Mortality of Adult Inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>395</volume>
          <issue>10229</issue>
          <fpage>1054</fpage>
          <lpage>1062</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30566-3</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B10">
        <label>10</label>
        <mixed-citation>10. Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, Du B, Qiu H, Slutsky AS. Critical Care Crisis and Some Recommendations During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(5):837-40. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05979-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Xie</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tong</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Guan</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Du</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Qiu</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Slutsky</surname>
              <given-names>AS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Critical Care Crisis and Some Recommendations During the COVID-19 Epidemic in China</article-title>
          <source>Intensive Care Med</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>46</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>837</fpage>
          <lpage>840</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00134-020-05979-7</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B11">
        <label>11</label>
        <mixed-citation>11. Wang J, Qi H, Bao L, Li F, Shi Y, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders and Pediatric Committee of Medical Association of Chinese People&#8217;s Liberation Army. A Contingency Plan for the Management of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in Neonatal Intensive Care Units. Lancet Child Adolesc Health. 2020;4(4):258-9. doi: 10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30040-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Qi</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bao</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Li</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shi</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <collab>National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders and Pediatric Committee of Medical Association of Chinese People&#8217;s Liberation Army</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>A Contingency Plan for the Management of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Outbreak in Neonatal Intensive Care Units</article-title>
          <source>Lancet Child Adolesc Health</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <volume>4</volume>
          <fpage>258</fpage>
          <lpage>259</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S2352-4642(20)30040-7</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B12">
        <label>12</label>
        <mixed-citation>12. Wang L, Shi Y, Xiao T, Fu J, Feng X, Mu D, et al. Chinese Expert Consensus on the Perinatal and Neonatal Management for the Prevention and Control of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection (First Edition). Ann Transl Med. 2020;8(3):47. doi: 10.21037/atm.2020.02.20.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shi</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Xiao</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fu</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Feng</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mu</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Chinese Expert Consensus on the Perinatal and Neonatal Management for the Prevention and Control of the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Infection (First Edition)</article-title>
          <source>Ann Transl Med</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>47</fpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21037/atm.2020.02.20</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B13">
        <label>13</label>
        <mixed-citation>13. Liao X, Wang B, Kang Y. Novel Coronavirus Infection During the 2019-2020 Epidemic: Preparing Intensive Care Units-The Experience in Sichuan Province, China. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(2):357-60. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05954-2.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Liao</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kang</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Novel Coronavirus Infection During the 2019-2020 Epidemic: Preparing Intensive Care Units-The Experience in Sichuan Province, China</article-title>
          <source>Intensive Care Med</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>46</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>357</fpage>
          <lpage>360</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00134-020-05954-2</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B14">
        <label>14</label>
        <mixed-citation>14. Bouadma L, Lescure FX, Lucet JC, Yazdanpanah Y, Timsit JF. Severe SARS-Cov-2 Infections: Practical Considerations and Management Strategy for Intensivists. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(4):579-82. doi: 10.1007/s00134-020-05967-x.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bouadma</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lescure</surname>
              <given-names>FX</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lucet</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Yazdanpanah</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Timsit</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Severe SARS-Cov-2 Infections: Practical Considerations and Management Strategy for Intensivists</article-title>
          <source>Intensive Care Med</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>46</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>579</fpage>
          <lpage>582</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00134-020-05967-x</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B15">
        <label>15</label>
        <mixed-citation>15. Chen N, Zhou M, Dong X, Qu J, Gong F, Han Y, et al. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 99 Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Descriptive Study. Lancet. 2020;395(10223):507-13. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chen</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zhou</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dong</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Qu</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gong</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Han</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of 99 Cases of 2019 Novel Coronavirus Pneumonia in Wuhan, China: A Descriptive Study</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>395</volume>
          <issue>10223</issue>
          <fpage>507</fpage>
          <lpage>513</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30211-7</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B16">
        <label>16</label>
        <mixed-citation>16. Panigada M, Bottino N, Tagliabue P, Grasselli G, Novembrino C, Chantarangkul V, et al. Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Unit: A Report of Thromboelastography Findings and Other Parameters of Hemostasis. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(7):1738-42. doi: 10.1111/jth.14850.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Panigada</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bottino</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tagliabue</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Grasselli</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Novembrino</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chantarangkul</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Hypercoagulability of COVID-19 Patients in Intensive Care Unit: A Report of Thromboelastography Findings and Other Parameters of Hemostasis</article-title>
          <source>J Thromb Haemost</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>18</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>1738</fpage>
          <lpage>1742</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/jth.14850</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B17">
        <label>17</label>
        <mixed-citation>17. Ranucci M, Ballotta A, Di Dedda U, Baryshnikova E, Dei Poli M, Resta M, et al. The Procoagulant Pattern of Patients with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(7):1747-51. doi: 10.1111/jth.14854.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ranucci</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ballotta</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Di Dedda</surname>
              <given-names>U</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Baryshnikova</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dei Poli</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Resta</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The Procoagulant Pattern of Patients with COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome</article-title>
          <source>J Thromb Haemost</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>18</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>1747</fpage>
          <lpage>1751</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/jth.14854</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B18">
        <label>18</label>
        <mixed-citation>18. Maier CL, Truong AD, Auld SC, Polly DM, Tanksley CL, Duncan A. COVID-19-Associated Hyperviscosity: A Link Between Inflammation and Thrombophilia? Lancet. 2020;395(10239):1758-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31209-5.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Maier</surname>
              <given-names>CL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Truong</surname>
              <given-names>AD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Auld</surname>
              <given-names>SC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Polly</surname>
              <given-names>DM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tanksley</surname>
              <given-names>CL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Duncan</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>COVID-19-Associated Hyperviscosity: A Link Between Inflammation and Thrombophilia?</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>395</volume>
          <issue>10239</issue>
          <fpage>1758</fpage>
          <lpage>1759</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31209-5</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B19">
        <label>19</label>
        <mixed-citation>19. Wichmann D, Sperhake JP, L&#252;tgehetmann M, Steurer S, Edler C, Heinemann A, et al. Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study. Ann Intern Med. 2020;173(4):268-77. doi: 10.7326/M20-2003.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Wichmann</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sperhake</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>L&#252;tgehetmann</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Steurer</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Edler</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Heinemann</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Autopsy Findings and Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with COVID-19: A Prospective Cohort Study</article-title>
          <source>Ann Intern Med</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>173</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>268</fpage>
          <lpage>277</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7326/M20-2003</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B20">
        <label>20</label>
        <mixed-citation>20. Menter T, Haslbauer JD, Nienhold R, Savic S, Hopfer H, Deigendesch N, et al. Postmortem Examination of COVID-19 Patients Reveals Diffuse Alveolar Damage with Severe Capillary Congestion and Variegated Findings in Lungs and Other Organs Suggesting Vascular Dysfunction. Histopathology. 2020;77(2):198-209. doi: 10.1111/his.14134.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Menter</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Haslbauer</surname>
              <given-names>JD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nienhold</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Savic</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hopfer</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Deigendesch</surname>
              <given-names>N</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Postmortem Examination of COVID-19 Patients Reveals Diffuse Alveolar Damage with Severe Capillary Congestion and Variegated Findings in Lungs and Other Organs Suggesting Vascular Dysfunction</article-title>
          <source>Histopathology</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>77</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>198</fpage>
          <lpage>209</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/his.14134</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B21">
        <label>21</label>
        <mixed-citation>21. Bilaloglu S, Aphinyanaphongs Y, Jones S, Iturrate E, Hochman J, Berger JS. Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in a New York City Health System. JAMA. 2020 Aug 25;324(8):799-801. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.13372.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bilaloglu</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Aphinyanaphongs</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jones</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Iturrate</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Hochman</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berger</surname>
              <given-names>JS</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Thrombosis in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 in a New York City Health System</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <comment>Aug 25</comment>
          <volume>324</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>799</fpage>
          <lpage>801</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.2020.13372</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B22">
        <label>22</label>
        <mixed-citation>22. Jim&#233;nez D, Garc&#237;a-Sanchez A, Rali P, Muriel A, Bikdeli B, Ruiz-Artacho P, et al. Incidence of VTE and Bleeding Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Chest. 2021;159(3):1182-96. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.005.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Jim&#233;nez</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Garc&#237;a-Sanchez</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rali</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Muriel</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bikdeli</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ruiz-Artacho</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Incidence of VTE and Bleeding Among Hospitalized Patients with Coronavirus Disease 2019: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis</article-title>
          <source>Chest</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>159</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>1182</fpage>
          <lpage>1196</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.chest.2020.11.005</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B23">
        <label>23</label>
        <mixed-citation>23. Middeldorp S, Coppens M, van Haaps TF, Foppen M, Vlaar AP, M&#252;ller MCA, et al. Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(8):1995-2002. doi: 10.1111/jth.14888.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Middeldorp</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Coppens</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>van Haaps</surname>
              <given-names>TF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Foppen</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Vlaar</surname>
              <given-names>AP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>M&#252;ller</surname>
              <given-names>MCA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Incidence of Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19</article-title>
          <source>J Thromb Haemost</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>18</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>1995</fpage>
          <lpage>2002</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/jth.14888</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B24">
        <label>24</label>
        <mixed-citation>24. Zhang R, Ni L, Di X, Wang X, Ma B, Niu S, et al. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolic Events in Novel Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients. J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord. 2021;9(2):289-298.e5. doi: 10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.11.023.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Zhang</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ni</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Di</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ma</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Niu</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Prevalence of Venous Thromboembolic Events in Novel Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients</article-title>
          <source>J Vasc Surg Venous Lymphat Disord</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>289</fpage>
          <lpage>298.e5</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jvsv.2020.11.023</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B25">
        <label>25</label>
        <mixed-citation>25. Tufano A, Rendina D, Abate V, Casoria A, Marra A, Buonanno P, et al. Venous Thromboembolism in COVID-19 Compared to Non-COVID-19 Cohorts: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. J Clin Med. 2021;10(21):4925. doi: 10.3390/jcm10214925.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tufano</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rendina</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Abate</surname>
              <given-names>V</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Casoria</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Marra</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Buonanno</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Venous Thromboembolism in COVID-19 Compared to Non-COVID-19 Cohorts: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis</article-title>
          <source>J Clin Med</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>10</volume>
          <issue>21</issue>
          <fpage>4925</fpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/jcm10214925</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B26">
        <label>26</label>
        <mixed-citation>26. Belfort DSP, Marcondes-Braga FG, Mangini S, Cafezeiro CRF, Furlan DAG, Bacal F. Aortic and Renal Artery Thrombosis as the First Clinical Manifestation of COVID-19 in a Heart Transplant Recipient. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2021;117(5):1045-7. doi: 10.36660/abc.20201210.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Belfort</surname>
              <given-names>DSP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Marcondes-Braga</surname>
              <given-names>FG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Mangini</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cafezeiro</surname>
              <given-names>CRF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Furlan</surname>
              <given-names>DAG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bacal</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title> Aortic and Renal Artery Thrombosis as the First Clinical Manifestation of COVID-19 in a Heart Transplant Recipient</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>117</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>1045</fpage>
          <lpage>1047</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20201210</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B27">
        <label>27</label>
        <mixed-citation>27. Armstrong ADC, Santos LG, Leal TC, Paiva JPS, Silva LFD, Santana GBA, et al. In-Hospital Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases in Brazil During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2022;119(1):37-45. doi: 10.36660/abc.20210468.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Armstrong</surname>
              <given-names>ADC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Santos</surname>
              <given-names>LG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Leal</surname>
              <given-names>TC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Paiva</surname>
              <given-names>JPS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Silva</surname>
              <given-names>LFD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Santana</surname>
              <given-names>GBA</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al.</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>In-Hospital Mortality from Cardiovascular Diseases in Brazil During the First Year of the COVID-19 Pandemic</article-title>
          <source>Arq Bras Cardiol</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>119</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>37</fpage>
          <lpage>45</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20210468</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B28">
        <label>28</label>
        <mixed-citation>28. Luciano LSC, Thiago LEKS, Back IC, Waldrich L, S&#227;o Thiago LDB, Alves AR, et al. Emergency Department Visits and Deaths from Cardiovascular Diseases at a Referral Center for Cardiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2022; 35(1):80-7. doi:10.36660/ijcs.20200267.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Luciano</surname>
              <given-names>LSC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Thiago</surname>
              <given-names>LEKS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Back</surname>
              <given-names>IC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Waldrich</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>S&#227;o Thiago</surname>
              <given-names>LDB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Alves</surname>
              <given-names>AR</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Emergency Department Visits and Deaths from Cardiovascular Diseases at a Referral Center for Cardiology During the COVID-19 Pandemic</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiovasc Sci</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>35</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>80</fpage>
          <lpage>87</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/ijcs.20200267</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B29">
        <label>29</label>
        <mixed-citation>29. Rocha ASC, Volschan A, Campos LAA, Coelho RPS, Thielmann DCA, Ferreira CALC, et al. Predictive Value of Myocardial injury in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to a Quaternary Hospital in the City of Rio de Janeiro. Int J Cardiovasc Sci. 2021;35(1):58-64. doi:10.36660/ijcs.20200352.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rocha</surname>
              <given-names>ASC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Volschan</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Campos</surname>
              <given-names>LAA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Coelho</surname>
              <given-names>RPS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Thielmann</surname>
              <given-names>DCA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ferreira</surname>
              <given-names>CALC</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Predictive Value of Myocardial injury in Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to a Quaternary Hospital in the City of Rio de Janeiro</article-title>
          <source>Int J Cardiovasc Sci</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>35</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>58</fpage>
          <lpage>64</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/ijcs.20200352</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B30">
        <label>30</label>
        <mixed-citation>30. Connors JM, Brooks MM, Sciurba FC, Krishnan JA, Bledsoe JR, Kindzelski A, et al. Effect of Antithrombotic Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Outpatients with Clinically Stable Symptomatic COVID-19: The ACTIV-4B Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2021;326(17):1703-12. doi: 10.1001/jama.2021.17272.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Connors</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brooks</surname>
              <given-names>MM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sciurba</surname>
              <given-names>FC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Krishnan</surname>
              <given-names>JA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bledsoe</surname>
              <given-names>JR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kindzelski</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effect of Antithrombotic Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Outpatients with Clinically Stable Symptomatic COVID-19: The ACTIV-4B Randomized Clinical Trial</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>326</volume>
          <issue>17</issue>
          <fpage>1703</fpage>
          <lpage>1712</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.2021.17272</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B31">
        <label>31</label>
        <mixed-citation>31. Ramacciotti E, Barile Agati L, Calderaro D, Aguiar VCR, Spyropoulos AC, de Oliveira CCC, et al. Rivaroxaban Versus No Anticoagulation for Post-Discharge Thromboprophylaxis After Hospitalisation for COVID-19 (MICHELLE): An Open-Label, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Trial. Lancet. 2022;399(10319):50-9. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02392-8.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ramacciotti</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barile Agati</surname>
              <given-names>L</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Calderaro</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Aguiar</surname>
              <given-names>VCR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Spyropoulos</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>CCC</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Rivaroxaban Versus No Anticoagulation for Post-Discharge Thromboprophylaxis After Hospitalisation for COVID-19 (MICHELLE): An Open-Label, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Trial</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>399</volume>
          <issue>10319</issue>
          <fpage>50</fpage>
          <lpage>59</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02392-8</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B32">
        <label>32</label>
        <mixed-citation>32. REMAP-CAP Investigators, ACTIV-4a Investigators, ATTACC Investigators, Goligher EC, Bradbury CA, McVerry BJ, et al. Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(9):777-89. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2103417.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>REMAP-CAP</surname>
              <given-names>Investigators</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Investigators</surname>
              <given-names>ACTIV-4a</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>ATTACC</surname>
              <given-names>Investigators</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Goligher</surname>
              <given-names>EC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bradbury</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>McVerry</surname>
              <given-names>BJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Critically Ill Patients with Covid-19</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>385</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>777</fpage>
          <lpage>789</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa2103417</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B33">
        <label>33</label>
        <mixed-citation>33. Spyropoulos AC, Goldin M, Giannis D, Diab W, Wang J, Khanijo S, et al. Efficacy and Safety of Therapeutic-Dose Heparin vs Standard Prophylactic or Intermediate-Dose Heparins for Thromboprophylaxis in High-risk Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: The HEP-COVID Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2021;181(12):1612-20. doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.6203.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Spyropoulos</surname>
              <given-names>AC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Goldin</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Giannis</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Diab</surname>
              <given-names>W</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Khanijo</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Efficacy and Safety of Therapeutic-Dose Heparin vs Standard Prophylactic or Intermediate-Dose Heparins for Thromboprophylaxis in High-risk Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19: The HEP-COVID Randomized Clinical Trial</article-title>
          <source>JAMA Intern Med</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>181</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>1612</fpage>
          <lpage>1620</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jamainternmed.2021.6203</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B34">
        <label>34</label>
        <mixed-citation>34. Sholzberg M, Tang GH, Rahhal H, AlHamzah M, Kreuziger LB, &#193;inle FN, et al. Effectiveness of Therapeutic Heparin Versus Prophylactic Heparin on Death, Mechanical Ventilation, Or Intensive Care Unit Admission in Moderately Ill Patients with Covid-19 Admitted to Hospital: RAPID Randomised Clinical Trial. BMJ. 2021;375:n2400. doi: 10.1136/bmj.n2400.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Sholzberg</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tang</surname>
              <given-names>GH</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rahhal</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>AlHamzah</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kreuziger</surname>
              <given-names>LB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>&#193;inle</surname>
              <given-names>FN</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effectiveness of Therapeutic Heparin Versus Prophylactic Heparin on Death, Mechanical Ventilation, Or Intensive Care Unit Admission in Moderately Ill Patients with Covid-19 Admitted to Hospital: RAPID Randomised Clinical Trial</article-title>
          <source>BMJ</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <elocation-id>375</elocation-id>
          <fpage>n2400</fpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/bmj.n2400</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B35">
        <label>35</label>
        <mixed-citation>35. ATTACC Investigators, ACTIV-4a Investigators, REMAP-CAP Investigators, Lawler PR, Goligher EC, Berger JS, et al. Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Noncritically Ill Patients with Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2021;385(9):790-802. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2105911.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>ATTACC</surname>
              <given-names>Investigators</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Investigators</surname>
              <given-names>ACTIV-4a</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>REMAP-CAP</surname>
              <given-names>Investigators</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lawler</surname>
              <given-names>PR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Goligher</surname>
              <given-names>EC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berger</surname>
              <given-names>JS</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Therapeutic Anticoagulation with Heparin in Noncritically Ill Patients with Covid-19</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>385</volume>
          <issue>9</issue>
          <fpage>790</fpage>
          <lpage>802</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa2105911</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B36">
        <label>36</label>
        <mixed-citation>36. Cuker A, Tseng EK, Nieuwlaat R, Angchaisuksiri P, Blair C, Dane K, et al. American Society of Hematology Living Guidelines on the Use of Anticoagulation for Thromboprophylaxis in Patients with COVID-19: July 2021 Update on Postdischarge Thromboprophylaxis. Blood Adv. 2022;6(2):664-71. doi: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005945.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cuker</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tseng</surname>
              <given-names>EK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Nieuwlaat</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Angchaisuksiri</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Blair</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dane</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>American Society of Hematology Living Guidelines on the Use of Anticoagulation for Thromboprophylaxis in Patients with COVID-19: July 2021 Update on Postdischarge Thromboprophylaxis</article-title>
          <source>Blood Adv</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>6</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>664</fpage>
          <lpage>671</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1182/bloodadvances.2021005945</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B37">
        <label>37</label>
        <mixed-citation>37. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. COVID-19 Rapid Guideline: Managing COVID-19 [Internet]. London: NICE; 2022 [cited 2022 Mar 5]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng191">https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng191</ext-link></mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>National Institute for Health and Care Excellence</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>COVID-19 Rapid Guideline: Managing COVID-19</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>NICE</publisher-name>
          <year>2022</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2022 Mar 5</date-in-citation>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng191">https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng191</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B38">
        <label>38</label>
        <mixed-citation>38. National Institute for Health and Care Excellenc. Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With COVID-19 [Internet]. London: NICE; 2022 [cited 2022 Mar 5]. Available from: https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/antithrombotic-therapy/?utm_source=site&amp;utm_medium=home&amp;utm_campaign=highlights</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>National Institute for Health and Care Excellenc</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Antithrombotic Therapy in Patients With COVID-19</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>NICE</publisher-name>
          <year>2022</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2022 Mar 5</date-in-citation>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/antithrombotic-therapy/?utm_source=site&amp;utm_medium=home&amp;utm_campaign=highlights">https://www.covid19treatmentguidelines.nih.gov/therapies/antithrombotic-therapy/?utm_source=site&amp;utm_medium=home&amp;utm_campaign=highlights</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B39">
        <label>39</label>
        <mixed-citation>39. Barnes GD, Burnett A, Allen A, Blumenstein M, Clark NP, Cuker A, et al. Thromboembolism and Anticoagulant Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Interim Clinical Guidance from the Anticoagulation Forum. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020;50(1):72-81. doi: 10.1007/s11239-020-02138-z.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Barnes</surname>
              <given-names>GD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Burnett</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Allen</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Blumenstein</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Clark</surname>
              <given-names>NP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cuker</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Thromboembolism and Anticoagulant Therapy During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Interim Clinical Guidance from the Anticoagulation Forum</article-title>
          <source>J Thromb Thrombolysis</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>50</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>72</fpage>
          <lpage>81</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s11239-020-02138-z</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B40">
        <label>40</label>
        <mixed-citation>40. Moores LK, Tritschler T, Brosnahan S, Carrier M, Collen JF, Doerschug K, et al. Thromboprophylaxis in Patients with COVID-19: A Brief Update to the CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report. Chest. 2022;162(1):213-25. doi: 10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.006.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Moores</surname>
              <given-names>LK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tritschler</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Brosnahan</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Carrier</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Collen</surname>
              <given-names>JF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Doerschug</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Thromboprophylaxis in Patients with COVID-19: A Brief Update to the CHEST Guideline and Expert Panel Report</article-title>
          <source>Chest</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>162</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <fpage>213</fpage>
          <lpage>225</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.chest.2022.02.006</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B41">
        <label>41</label>
        <mixed-citation>41. Gervaise A, Bouzad C, Peroux E, Helissey C. Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Referred to CTPA by Emergency Department. Eur Radiol. 2020;30(11):6170-7. doi: 10.1007/s00330-020-06977-5.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Gervaise</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bouzad</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Peroux</surname>
              <given-names>E</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Helissey</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Acute Pulmonary Embolism in Non-Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients Referred to CTPA by Emergency Department</article-title>
          <source>Eur Radiol</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>30</volume>
          <issue>11</issue>
          <fpage>6170</fpage>
          <lpage>6177</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1007/s00330-020-06977-5</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B42">
        <label>42</label>
        <mixed-citation>42. Lewis S, Glen J, Dawoud D, Dias S, Cobb J, Griffin X, et al. Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Strategies for People Undergoing Elective Total Hip Replacement: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis. Value Health. 2019;22(8):953-69. doi: 10.1016/j.jval.2019.02.013.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lewis</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Glen</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dawoud</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dias</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cobb</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Griffin</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Strategies for People Undergoing Elective Total Hip Replacement: A Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis</article-title>
          <source>Value Health</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>22</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>953</fpage>
          <lpage>969</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jval.2019.02.013</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B43">
        <label>43</label>
        <mixed-citation>43. Perrotta C, Chahla J, Badariotti G, Ramos J. Interventions for Preventing Venous Thromboembolism in Adults Undergoing Knee Arthroscopy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2020;5(5):CD005259. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005259.pub4.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Perrotta</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Chahla</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Badariotti</surname>
              <given-names>G</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ramos</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Interventions for Preventing Venous Thromboembolism in Adults Undergoing Knee Arthroscopy</article-title>
          <source>Cochrane Database Syst Rev</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>5</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <elocation-id>CD005259</elocation-id>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/14651858.CD005259.pub4</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B44">
        <label>44</label>
        <mixed-citation>44. Bhatt DL, Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Steg PG, Anand SS, Verma S, et al. Role of Combination Antiplatelet and Anticoagulation Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: Insights From the COMPASS Trial. Circulation. 2020;141(23):1841-54. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046448.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Bhatt</surname>
              <given-names>DL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Eikelboom</surname>
              <given-names>JW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Connolly</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Steg</surname>
              <given-names>PG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Anand</surname>
              <given-names>SS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Verma</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Role of Combination Antiplatelet and Anticoagulation Therapy in Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease: Insights From the COMPASS Trial</article-title>
          <source>Circulation</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>141</volume>
          <issue>23</issue>
          <fpage>1841</fpage>
          <lpage>1854</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.046448</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B45">
        <label>45</label>
        <mixed-citation>45. Bayer S.A. Xarelto - Rivaroxabanaa 2,5 mg. Farm. Resp.: Dra. Dirce Eiko Mimura CRF-SP no 16532. Importado por: Bayer S.A. Rua Domingos Jorge, 1.100 04779-900 - Socorro - S&#227;o Paulo; 2020.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Bayer S.A.</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Xarelto - Rivaroxabanaa 2,5 mg. Farm. Resp.: Dra. Dirce Eiko Mimura CRF-SP no 16532. Importado por: Bayer S.A. Rua Domingos Jorge, 1.100 04779-900 -</source>
          <publisher-loc>Socorro - S&#227;o Paulo</publisher-loc>
          <year>2020</year>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B46">
        <label>46</label>
        <mixed-citation>46. Lopes RD, Barros e Silva PGM, Furtado RHM, Macedo AVS, Bronhara B, Damiani LP, et al. Therapeutic Versus Prophylactic Anticoagulation for Patients Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19 and Elevated D-Dimer Concentration (ACTION): An Open-Label, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Trial. Lancet. 2021;397(10291):2253-63. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01203-4.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lopes</surname>
              <given-names>RD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Barros e Silva</surname>
              <given-names>PGM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Furtado</surname>
              <given-names>RHM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Macedo</surname>
              <given-names>AVS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Bronhara</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Damiani</surname>
              <given-names>LP</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title> Therapeutic Versus Prophylactic Anticoagulation for Patients Admitted to Hospital with COVID-19 and Elevated D-Dimer Concentration (ACTION): An Open-Label, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Trial</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2021</year>
          <volume>397</volume>
          <issue>10291</issue>
          <fpage>2253</fpage>
          <lpage>2263</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01203-4</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B47">
        <label>47</label>
        <mixed-citation>47. Tomazini BM, Maia IS, Cavalcanti AB, Berwanger O, Rosa RG, Veiga VC, et al. Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients with Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;324(13):1307-16. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17021.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tomazini</surname>
              <given-names>BM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maia</surname>
              <given-names>IS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cavalcanti</surname>
              <given-names>AB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berwanger</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rosa</surname>
              <given-names>RG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Veiga</surname>
              <given-names>VC</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients with Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>324</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1307</fpage>
          <lpage>1316</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.2020.17021</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B48">
        <label>48</label>
        <mixed-citation>48. Cavalcanti AB, Zampieri FG, Rosa RG, Azevedo LCP, Veiga VC, Avezum A, et al. Hydroxychloroquine with or Without Azithromycin in Mild-to-Moderate Covid-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(21):2041-52. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2019014.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Cavalcanti</surname>
              <given-names>AB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Zampieri</surname>
              <given-names>FG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rosa</surname>
              <given-names>RG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Azevedo</surname>
              <given-names>LCP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Veiga</surname>
              <given-names>VC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Avezum</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Hydroxychloroquine with or Without Azithromycin in Mild-to-Moderate Covid-19</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>383</volume>
          <issue>21</issue>
          <fpage>2041</fpage>
          <lpage>2052</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa2019014</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B49">
        <label>49</label>
        <mixed-citation>49. Tomazini BM, Maia IS, Cavalcanti AB, Berwanger O, Rosa RG, Veiga VC, et al. Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients with Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA. 2020;324(13):1307-16. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.17021.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Tomazini</surname>
              <given-names>BM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Maia</surname>
              <given-names>IS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cavalcanti</surname>
              <given-names>AB</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berwanger</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Rosa</surname>
              <given-names>RG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Veiga</surname>
              <given-names>VC</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Effect of Dexamethasone on Days Alive and Ventilator-Free in Patients with Moderate or Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome and COVID-19: The CoDEX Randomized Clinical Trial</article-title>
          <source>JAMA</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>324</volume>
          <issue>13</issue>
          <fpage>1307</fpage>
          <lpage>1316</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1001/jama.2020.17021</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B50">
        <label>50</label>
        <mixed-citation>50. Furtado RHM, Berwanger O, Fonseca HA, Corr&#234;a TD, Ferraz LR, Lapa MG, et al. Azithromycin in Addition to Standard of Care Versus Standard of Care Alone in the Treatment of Patients Admitted to the Hospital with Severe COVID-19 in Brazil (COALITION II): A Randomised Clinical Trial. Lancet. 2020;396(10256):959-67. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31862-6.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Furtado</surname>
              <given-names>RHM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Berwanger</surname>
              <given-names>O</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fonseca</surname>
              <given-names>HA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Corr&#234;a</surname>
              <given-names>TD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ferraz</surname>
              <given-names>LR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lapa</surname>
              <given-names>MG</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Azithromycin in Addition to Standard of Care Versus Standard of Care Alone in the Treatment of Patients Admitted to the Hospital with Severe COVID-19 in Brazil (COALITION II): A Randomised Clinical Trial</article-title>
          <source>Lancet</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>396</volume>
          <issue>10256</issue>
          <fpage>959</fpage>
          <lpage>967</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31862-6</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B51">
        <label>51</label>
        <mixed-citation>51. Avezum &#193;, Oliveira GBF, Oliveira H, Lucchetta RC, Pereira VFA, Dabarian AL, et al. Hydroxychloroquine Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Non-Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19 (COPE - Coalition V): A Double-Blind, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Trial. Lancet Reg Health Am. 2022;11:100243. doi: 10.1016/j.lana.2022.100243.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Avezum</surname>
              <given-names>&#193;</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>GBF</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Oliveira</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lucchetta</surname>
              <given-names>RC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pereira</surname>
              <given-names>VFA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dabarian</surname>
              <given-names>AL</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Hydroxychloroquine Versus Placebo in the Treatment of Non-Hospitalised Patients with COVID-19 (COPE - Coalition V): A Double-Blind, Multicentre, Randomised, Controlled Trial</article-title>
          <source>Lancet Reg Health Am</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>11</volume>
          <fpage>100243</fpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.lana.2022.100243</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B52">
        <label>52</label>
        <mixed-citation>52. Chan AW, Tetzlaff JM, Altman DG, Laupacis A, G&#248;tzsche PC, Krle&#382;a-Jeri&#263; K, et al. SPIRIT 2013 Statement: Defining Standard Protocol Items for Clinical Trials. Ann Intern Med. 2013;158(3):200-7. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chan</surname>
              <given-names>AW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Tetzlaff</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Altman</surname>
              <given-names>DG</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laupacis</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>G&#248;tzsche</surname>
              <given-names>PC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Krle&#382;a-Jeri&#263;</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>SPIRIT 2013 Statement: Defining Standard Protocol Items for Clinical Trials</article-title>
          <source>Ann Intern Med</source>
          <year>2013</year>
          <volume>158</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>200</fpage>
          <lpage>207</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7326/0003-4819-158-3-201302050-00583</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B53">
        <label>53</label>
        <mixed-citation>53. Schulman S, Kearon C, Subcommittee on Control of Anticoagulation of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Definition of Major Bleeding in Clinical Investigations of Antihemostatic Medicinal Products in Non-Surgical Patients. J Thromb Haemost. 2005;3(4):692-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01204.x.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Schulman</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Kearon</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <collab>Subcommittee on Control of Anticoagulation of the Scientific and Standardization Committee of the International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis</collab>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Definition of Major Bleeding in Clinical Investigations of Antihemostatic Medicinal Products in Non-Surgical Patients</article-title>
          <source>J Thromb Haemost</source>
          <year>2005</year>
          <volume>3</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>692</fpage>
          <lpage>694</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1111/j.1538-7836.2005.01204.x</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B54">
        <label>54</label>
        <mixed-citation>54. Brasil. Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de. Diretrizes para diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da covid-19 (Clinical Guideline Covid-19) [Internet]. Bras&#237;lia: Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de; 2020 [cited 2021 Mar 18]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://portaldeboaspraticas.iff.fiocruz.br/atencao-mulher/diretrizes-para-diagnostico-e-tratamento-da-covid-19-ms/">https://portaldeboaspraticas.iff.fiocruz.br/atencao-mulher/diretrizes-para-diagnostico-e-tratamento-da-covid-19-ms/</ext-link></mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="other">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>Brasil</collab>
            <collab>Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Diretrizes para diagn&#243;stico e tratamento da covid-19 (Clinical Guideline Covid-19)</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <publisher-loc>Bras&#237;lia</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Minist&#233;rio da Sa&#250;de</publisher-name>
          <year>2020</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2021 Mar 18</date-in-citation>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://portaldeboaspraticas.iff.fiocruz.br/atencao-mulher/diretrizes-para-diagnostico-e-tratamento-da-covid-19-ms/">https://portaldeboaspraticas.iff.fiocruz.br/atencao-mulher/diretrizes-para-diagnostico-e-tratamento-da-covid-19-ms/</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B55">
        <label>55</label>
        <mixed-citation>55. World Health Organization. Country &amp; Technical Guidance - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) [Internet]. Geneva: WHO; 2021 [cited 2021 Mar 18]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance">https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance</ext-link></mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <collab>World Health Organization</collab>
          </person-group>
          <source>Country &amp; Technical Guidance - Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <publisher-loc>Geneva</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>WHO</publisher-name>
          <year>2021</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2021 Mar 18</date-in-citation>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance">https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B56">
        <label>56</label>
        <mixed-citation>56. Chow S-C, Wang H, Shao J. Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research. 2nd Ed. New York: Chapman and Hall/CRC; 2007. doi: 10.1201/9781584889830.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Chow</surname>
              <given-names>S-C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>H</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Shao</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Sample Size Calculations in Clinical Research</source>
          <edition>2nd Ed.</edition>
          <publisher-loc>New York</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Chapman and Hall/CRC</publisher-name>
          <year>2007</year>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1201/9781584889830</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B57">
        <label>57</label>
        <mixed-citation>57. Ryan TP. Sample Size Determination and Power. New Jersey: Wiley; 2013. doi: 10.1002/9781118439241.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ryan</surname>
              <given-names>TP</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source> Sample Size Determination and Power</source>
          <publisher-loc>New Jersey</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Wiley</publisher-name>
          <year>2013</year>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/9781118439241</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B58">
        <label>58</label>
        <mixed-citation>58. Matts JP, Lachin JM. Properties of Permuted-Block Randomization in Clinical Trials. Control Clin Trials. 1988;9(4):327-44. doi: 10.1016/0197-2456(88)90047-5.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Matts</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lachin</surname>
              <given-names>JM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Properties of Permuted-Block Randomization in Clinical Trials</article-title>
          <source>Control Clin Trials</source>
          <year>1988</year>
          <volume>9</volume>
          <issue>4</issue>
          <fpage>327</fpage>
          <lpage>344</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/0197-2456(88)90047-5</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B59">
        <label>59</label>
        <mixed-citation>59. Machin D, Fayers PM. Randomized Clinical Trials: Design, Practice and Reporting. New Jersey: Wiley; 2010. doi: 10.1002/9780470686232.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Machin</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Fayers</surname>
              <given-names>PM</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Randomized Clinical Trials: Design, Practice and Reporting</source>
          <publisher-loc>New Jersey</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Wiley</publisher-name>
          <year>2010</year>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/9780470686232</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B60">
        <label>60</label>
        <mixed-citation>60. Haybittle JL. Repeated Assessment of Results in Clinical Trials of Cancer Treatment. Br J Radiol. 1971;44(526):793-7. doi: 10.1259/0007-1285-44-526-793.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Haybittle</surname>
              <given-names>JL</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Repeated Assessment of Results in Clinical Trials of Cancer Treatment</article-title>
          <source>Br J Radiol</source>
          <year>1971</year>
          <volume>44</volume>
          <issue>526</issue>
          <fpage>793</fpage>
          <lpage>797</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1259/0007-1285-44-526-793</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B61">
        <label>61</label>
        <mixed-citation>61. Peto R, Pike MC, Armitage P, Breslow NE, Cox DR, Howard SV, et al. Design and Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Requiring Prolonged Observation of Each Patient. I. Introduction and Design. Br J Cancer. 1976;34(6):585-612. doi: 10.1038/bjc.1976.220.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Peto</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pike</surname>
              <given-names>MC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Armitage</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Breslow</surname>
              <given-names>NE</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cox</surname>
              <given-names>DR</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Howard</surname>
              <given-names>SV</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Design and Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials Requiring Prolonged Observation of Each Patient. I. Introduction and Design</article-title>
          <source>Br J Cancer</source>
          <year>1976</year>
          <volume>34</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>585</fpage>
          <lpage>612</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1038/bjc.1976.220</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B62">
        <label>62</label>
        <mixed-citation>62. Blenkinsop A, Parmar MK, Choodari-Oskooei B. Assessing the Impact of Efficacy Stopping Rules on the Error Rates Under the Multi-Arm Multi-Stage Framework. Clin Trials. 2019;16(2):132-41. doi: 10.1177/1740774518823551.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Blenkinsop</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Parmar</surname>
              <given-names>MK</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Choodari-Oskooei</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Assessing the Impact of Efficacy Stopping Rules on the Error Rates Under the Multi-Arm Multi-Stage Framework</article-title>
          <source>Clin Trials</source>
          <year>2019</year>
          <volume>16</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>132</fpage>
          <lpage>141</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/1740774518823551</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B63">
        <label>63</label>
        <mixed-citation>63. Lang TA. How to Report Statistics in Medicine: Annotated Guidelines for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians; 2006.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lang</surname>
              <given-names>TA</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>How to Report Statistics in Medicine: Annotated Guidelines for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers</source>
          <edition>2nd ed.</edition>
          <publisher-loc>Philadelphia</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>American College of Physicians</publisher-name>
          <year>2006</year>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B64">
        <label>64</label>
        <mixed-citation>64. Fagerland MW, Lydersen S, Laake P. Recommended Confidence Intervals for two Independent Binomial Proportions. Stat Methods Med Res. 2015;24(2):224-54. doi: 10.1177/0962280211415469.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Fagerland</surname>
              <given-names>MW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Lydersen</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Laake</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Recommended Confidence Intervals for two Independent Binomial Proportions</article-title>
          <source>Stat Methods Med Res</source>
          <year>2015</year>
          <volume>24</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>224</fpage>
          <lpage>254</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1177/0962280211415469</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B65">
        <label>65</label>
        <mixed-citation>65. Newcombe RG. Interval Estimation for the Difference Between Independent Proportions: Comparison of Eleven Methods. Stat Med. 1998;17(8):873-90. doi: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19980430)17:8&lt;873::aid-sim779&gt;3.0.co;2-i.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Newcombe</surname>
              <given-names>RG</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Interval Estimation for the Difference Between Independent Proportions: Comparison of Eleven Methods</article-title>
          <source>Stat Med.</source>
          <year>1998</year>
          <volume>17</volume>
          <issue>8</issue>
          <fpage>873</fpage>
          <lpage>890</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/(sici)1097-0258(19980430)17:8&lt;873::aid-sim779&gt;3.0.co;2-i</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B66">
        <label>66</label>
        <mixed-citation>66. Lin T, Huang J. Generating Model Based Subgroup Analysis Using SAS&#174; Procedures. Merck &amp; Co., Inc., Upper Gwynnedd, PA.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lin</surname>
              <given-names>T</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Huang</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Generating Model Based Subgroup Analysis Using SAS&#174; Procedures</source>
          <publisher-name>Merck &amp; Co., Inc.</publisher-name>
          <publisher-loc>Upper Gwynnedd, PA</publisher-loc>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B67">
        <label>67</label>
        <mixed-citation>67. Lin DY, Wei LJ, Ying Z. Checking the Cox Model with Cumulative Sums of Martingale-Based Residuals. Biometrika.1993;80(3):557-72. doi: 10.1093/biomet/80.3.557.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Lin</surname>
              <given-names>DY</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wei</surname>
              <given-names>LJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ying</surname>
              <given-names>Z</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Checking the Cox Model with Cumulative Sums of Martingale-Based Residuals</article-title>
          <source>Biometrika</source>
          <year>1993</year>
          <volume>80</volume>
          <issue>3</issue>
          <fpage>557</fpage>
          <lpage>572</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/biomet/80.3.557</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B68">
        <label>68</label>
        <mixed-citation>68. Liu X. Survival Analysis: Models and Applications.Wiley: New Jersey; 2012.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Liu</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Survival Analysis: Models and Applications</source>
          <publisher-loc>Wiley</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>New Jersey</publisher-name>
          <year>2012</year>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B69">
        <label>69</label>
        <mixed-citation>69. Reutzel K, Reutzel K, Corcoran C, Sun Y, Coster D. Survival Analysis: An Exact Method for Rare Events Survival Analysis [Internet]. Utah: Utah State University; 2020 [cited 2022 Mar 5]. Available from: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports">https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports</ext-link></mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Reutzel</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Reutzel</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Corcoran</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sun</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Coster</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Survival Analysis: An Exact Method for Rare Events Survival Analysis</source>
          <comment>Internet</comment>
          <publisher-loc>Utah</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Utah State University</publisher-name>
          <year>2020</year>
          <date-in-citation content-type="cited-date">cited 2022 Mar 5</date-in-citation>
          <comment>
            <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports">https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/gradreports</ext-link>
          </comment>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B70">
        <label>70</label>
        <mixed-citation>70. Nagashima K, Sato Y. Information Criteria for Firth&#8217;s Penalized Partial Likelihood Approach in Cox Regression Models. Stat Med. 2017;36(21):3422-36. doi: 10.1002/sim.7368.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Nagashima</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sato</surname>
              <given-names>Y</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Information Criteria for Firth&#8217;s Penalized Partial Likelihood Approach in Cox Regression Models</article-title>
          <source>Stat Med</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>36</volume>
          <issue>21</issue>
          <fpage>3422</fpage>
          <lpage>3436</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1002/sim.7368</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B71">
        <label>71</label>
        <mixed-citation>71. Ferreira JP, Jhund PS, Duarte K, Claggett BL, Solomon SD, Pocock S, et al. Use of the Win Ratio in Cardiovascular Trials. JACC Heart Fail. 2020;8(6):441-50. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2020.02.010.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Ferreira</surname>
              <given-names>JP</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Jhund</surname>
              <given-names>PS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Duarte</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Claggett</surname>
              <given-names>BL</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Solomon</surname>
              <given-names>SD</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Pocock</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Use of the Win Ratio in Cardiovascular Trials</article-title>
          <source>JACC Heart Fail</source>
          <year>2020</year>
          <volume>8</volume>
          <issue>6</issue>
          <fpage>441</fpage>
          <lpage>450</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.jchf.2020.02.010</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B72">
        <label>72</label>
        <mixed-citation>72. Pocock SJ, Ariti CA, Collier TJ, Wang D. The Win Ratio: A New Approach to the Analysis of Composite Endpoints in Clinical Trials Based on Clinical Priorities. Eur Heart J. 2012;33(2):176-82. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr352.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Pocock</surname>
              <given-names>SJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ariti</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Collier</surname>
              <given-names>TJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wang</surname>
              <given-names>D</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The Win Ratio: A New Approach to the Analysis of Composite Endpoints in Clinical Trials Based on Clinical Priorities</article-title>
          <source>Eur Heart J</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>33</volume>
          <issue>2</issue>
          <fpage>176</fpage>
          <lpage>182</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/eurheartj/ehr352</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B73">
        <label>73</label>
        <mixed-citation>73. Little RJ, D&#8217;Agostino R, Cohen ML, Dickersin K, Emerson SS, Farrar JT, et al. The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials. N Engl J Med. 2012;367(14):1355-60. doi: 10.1056/NEJMsr1203730.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Little</surname>
              <given-names>RJ</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>D&#8217;Agostino</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Cohen</surname>
              <given-names>ML</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Dickersin</surname>
              <given-names>K</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Emerson</surname>
              <given-names>SS</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Farrar</surname>
              <given-names>JT</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>The Prevention and Treatment of Missing Data in Clinical Trials</article-title>
          <source>N Engl J Med</source>
          <year>2012</year>
          <volume>367</volume>
          <issue>14</issue>
          <fpage>1355</fpage>
          <lpage>1360</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1056/NEJMsr1203730</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B74">
        <label>74</label>
        <mixed-citation>74. Jakobsen JC, Gluud C, Wetterslev J, Winkel P. When and How Should Multiple Imputation Be Used for Handling Missing Data in Randomised Clinical Trials - A Practical Guide with Flowcharts. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2017;17(1):162. doi: 10.1186/s12874-017-0442-1.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Jakobsen</surname>
              <given-names>JC</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gluud</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Wetterslev</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Winkel</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>When and How Should Multiple Imputation Be Used for Handling Missing Data in Randomised Clinical Trials - A Practical Guide with Flowcharts</article-title>
          <source>BMC Med Res Methodol</source>
          <year>2017</year>
          <volume>17</volume>
          <issue>1</issue>
          <elocation-id>162</elocation-id>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12874-017-0442-1</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B75">
        <label>75</label>
        <mixed-citation>75. Berglund P, Heeringa S. Multiple Imputation of Missing Data Using SAS&#174;. North Carolina: SAS Institute; 2014.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Berglund</surname>
              <given-names>P</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Heeringa</surname>
              <given-names>S</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Multiple Imputation of Missing Data Using SAS&#174;</source>
          <publisher-loc>North Carolina</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>SAS Institute</publisher-name>
          <year>2014</year>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B76">
        <label>76</label>
        <mixed-citation>76. O&#8217;Kelly M, Ratitch B. Clinical Trials with Missing Data: A Guide for Practitioners. New Jersey: Wiley; 2014.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="book">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>O&#8217;Kelly</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Ratitch</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <source>Clinical Trials with Missing Data: A Guide for Practitioners</source>
          <publisher-loc>New Jersey</publisher-loc>
          <publisher-name>Wiley</publisher-name>
          <year>2014</year>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B77">
        <label>77</label>
        <mixed-citation>77. Yap BW, Sim CH. Comparisons of various types of normality tests. J Stat Comput Simul. 2011;81(12):2141-55. doi: 10.1080/009496552010520163.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Yap</surname>
              <given-names>BW</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Sim</surname>
              <given-names>CH</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Comparisons of various types of normality tests</article-title>
          <source>J Stat Comput Simul</source>
          <year>2011</year>
          <volume>81</volume>
          <issue>12</issue>
          <fpage>2141</fpage>
          <lpage>2155</lpage>
          <pub-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/009496552010520163</pub-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
      <ref id="B78">
        <label>78</label>
        <mixed-citation>78. Rom&#227;o X, Delgado R, Costa A. An empirical power comparison of univariate goodness-of-fit tests for normality. J Stat Comput Simul. 2008;80(5):545-91. doi: 10.1080/00949650902740824.</mixed-citation>
        <element-citation publication-type="journal">
          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Rom&#227;o</surname>
              <given-names>X</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Delgado</surname>
              <given-names>R</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Costa</surname>
              <given-names>A</given-names>
            </name>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>An empirical power comparison of univariate goodness-of-fit tests for normality</article-title>
          <source>J Stat Comput Simul</source>
          <year>2008</year>
          <volume>80</volume>
          <issue>5</issue>
          <fpage>545</fpage>
          <lpage>591</lpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1080/00949650902740824</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
        <p>Aprova&#231;&#227;o &#233;tica e consentimento informado</p>
        <p>Este estudo foi aprovado pelo Comit&#234; Nacional de &#201;tica em Pesquisa CONEP sob o n&#250;mero de protocolo CAAE: 36066320.5.101.0070. Todos os procedimentos envolvidos nesse estudo est&#227;o de acordo com a Declara&#231;&#227;o de Helsinki de 1975, atualizada em 2013. O consentimento informado foi obtido de todos os participantes inclu&#237;dos no estudo.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento</p>
        <p>O presente estudo foi financiado por Coalis&#227;o COVID-19 Brasil e parcialmente financiado pela Bayer S.A.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Rivaroxaban in Outpatients with Mild or Moderate COVID-19: Rationale and Design of the Study CARE (CARE &#8211; Coalition COVID-19 Brazil VIII)</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-1815-6498</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Gustavo B. F.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0003-1089-6763</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Neves</surname>
            <given-names>Precil Diego M. M.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0289-4947</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Oliveira</surname>
            <given-names>Haliton A.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Catarino</surname>
            <given-names>Daniela Ghidetti Mangas</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-7227-2863</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Alves</surname>
            <given-names>Lucas B. O.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Statistical analysis</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Cavalcanti</surname>
            <given-names>Alexandre B.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Rosa</surname>
            <given-names>Regis G.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0287-3601</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Veiga</surname>
            <given-names>Viviane C.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4001">
            <sup>4</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Azevedo</surname>
            <given-names>Luciano C.P.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Acquisition of data</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5001">
            <sup>5</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Berwanger</surname>
            <given-names>Ot&#225;vio</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6001">
            <sup>6</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Lopes</surname>
            <given-names>Renato D.</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7001">
            <sup>7</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8001">
            <sup>8</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Avezum</surname>
            <given-names>&#193;lvaro</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>on behalf of the Coalition VIII COVID-19 Brazil Investigators</role>
          <role>Conception and design of the research</role>
          <role>Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <role>Obtaining financing</role>
          <role>Writing of the manuscript</role>
          <role>Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Centro Internacional de Pesquisa, Hospital Alem&#227;o Oswaldo Cruz, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto de Pesquisas HCOR, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff4001">
        <label>4</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">A Benefic&#234;ncia Portuguesa de S&#227;o Paulo, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff5001">
        <label>5</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital S&#237;rio Liban&#234;s &#8211; Instituto de Pesquisa e Ensino, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff6001">
        <label>6</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff7001">
        <label>7</label>
        <country country="US">USA</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC &#8211; USA</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff8001">
        <label>8</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Instituto Brasileiro de Pesquisas Cl&#237;nicas, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"> Mailing Address: &#193;lvaro Avezum &#8226; International Research Center &#8211; Hospital Alem&#227;o Oswaldo Cruz &#8211; Rua Treze de Maio, 1815. Postal Code 01323-020, Bela Vista, S&#227;o Paulo, SP &#8211; Brazil E-mail: aavezum@haoc.com.br </corresp>
        <fn id="fn1001">
          <p>Potential conflict of interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <abstract>
        <title>Abstract</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Background</title>
          <p> Previous studies have demonstrated a high risk of arterial and venous thromboembolic events as a consequence of direct viral damage to endothelial cells by SARS-CoV-2 and a procoagulant milieu due to increased biomarkers, such as D-dimer, fibrinogen, and factor VIII. Although randomized controlled trials of antithrombotic therapies have been conducted in hospitalized patients, few have evaluated the role of thromboprophylaxis in an outpatient setting.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Objective</title>
          <p> To assess whether antithrombotic prophylaxis with rivaroxaban reduces the risk of venous or arterial thrombotic events, invasive ventilatory support, and death in COVID-19 outpatients.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Methods</title>
          <p> The COVID Antithrombotic Rivaroxaban Evaluation (CARE) study, a multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial of rivaroxaban 10 mg once daily for 14 days or local standard treatment alone to prevent adverse outcomes, is registered in clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04757857). The inclusion criteria are adults with confirmed or suspected SARS-CoV-2 infection and mild or moderate symptoms without indication for hospitalization, within 7 days of symptom onset, and 1 risk factor for COVID-19 complication (&gt; 65 years, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or other chronic lung diseases, smoking, immunosuppression, or obesity). The primary composite endpoint, which includes venous thromboembolism, invasive mechanical ventilation, major acute cardiovascular events, and mortality within 30 days of randomization, will be assessed according to the intention-to-treat principle. All patients will provide informed consent. A significance level of 5% will be used for all statistical tests.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Results</title>
          <p> Major thrombotic and bleeding outcomes, hospitalizations, and deaths will be centrally adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee blinded to the assigned treatment groups.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Conclusion</title>
          <p> The CARE study will provide relevant and contemporary information about the potential role of thromboprophylaxis in outpatients with COVID-19.</p>
        </sec>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>COVID-19</kwd>
        <kwd>Thrombosis</kwd>
        <kwd>Treatment Outcome</kwd>
        <kwd>Rivaroxaban</kwd>
        <kwd>Outpatient Clinics, Hospital</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>Clinical trials registration: &lt;ext-link ext-link-type="clinical-trial" xlink:href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04757857"&gt;NCT04757857&lt;/ext-link&gt;.</p>
      <sec sec-type="intro">
        <title>Introduction</title>
        <p>The most common symptoms of COVID-19 include fever, fatigue, dry cough, anorexia, myalgia, and dyspnea.<sup><xref rid="B1" ref-type="bibr">1</xref>-<xref rid="B7" ref-type="bibr">7</xref></sup>However, patients may progress to severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome, which involve a high risk of death.<sup><xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">3</xref>-<xref rid="B6" ref-type="bibr">6</xref>,<xref rid="B8" ref-type="bibr">8</xref>-<xref rid="B15" ref-type="bibr">15</xref></sup> Furthermore, there is a high risk of arterial and venous thrombotic events (VTE) from direct viral damage to endothelial cells and increased procoagulant factors, such as D-dimer, fibrinogen, factor VIII. Hyperviscosity has also been reported,<sup><xref rid="B16" ref-type="bibr">16</xref>-<xref rid="B18" ref-type="bibr">18</xref></sup> which enhances micro- and macrovascular thrombosis,<sup><xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">19</xref>,<xref rid="B20" ref-type="bibr">20</xref></sup> in a direct relationship with COVID-19 severity.<sup><xref rid="B21" ref-type="bibr">21</xref>-<xref rid="B25" ref-type="bibr">25</xref></sup>Several Brazilian studies in epidemiological and health care contexts have found a series of cardiovascular risk factors associated with both the burden and prognosis of COVID-19.<sup><xref rid="B26" ref-type="bibr">26</xref>-<xref rid="B29" ref-type="bibr">29</xref></sup> Randomized controlled trials of antithrombotic therapies in patients with COVID-19 have been conducted in hospitalized patients, especially critically ill patients in intensive care units.<sup><xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref>-<xref rid="B35" ref-type="bibr">35</xref></sup> Current guidelines recommend antithrombotic prophylaxis with low molecular weight heparin or unfractionated heparin for hospitalized patients.<sup><xref rid="B36" ref-type="bibr">36</xref>-<xref rid="B40" ref-type="bibr">40</xref></sup>However, despite reports of thrombotic events in outpatients,<sup><xref rid="B41" ref-type="bibr">41</xref></sup> few studies have been published on the frequency and the potential role of thromboprophylaxis.<sup><xref rid="B30" ref-type="bibr">30</xref></sup>Rivaroxaban is a highly selective, direct inhibitor of factor Xa with proven efficacy against thromboprophylaxis<sup><xref rid="B42" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>,<xref rid="B43" ref-type="bibr">43</xref></sup> and secondary cardiovascular events.<sup><xref rid="B44" ref-type="bibr">44</xref></sup> Selective FXa inhibitors may stop amplified bursts of thrombin production.<sup><xref rid="B45" ref-type="bibr">45</xref></sup></p>
        <p>The aim of this study is to determine whether rivaroxaban reduces the composite endpoint of VTE, invasive mechanical ventilation, major acute cardiovascular events (defined as acute myocardial infarction, stroke or acute limb ischemia), and death (in or out of the hospital) within 30 days of randomization in COVID-19 outpatients who do not clearly require hospitalization upon initial presentation.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec sec-type="methods">
        <title>Methods</title>
        <sec>
          <title>Coalition COVID-19 Brazil</title>
          <p>Coalition COVID-19 Brazil is a multicenter research initiative by Brazilian investigators to evaluate the benefits of different drugs on a range of COVID-19 severities. Several studies have been published through this network on the effects of treatments such as azithromycin, hydroxychloroquine, dexamethasone, tocilizumab, and rivaroxaban in moderate to severe patients.<sup><xref rid="B46" ref-type="bibr">46</xref>-<xref rid="B51" ref-type="bibr">51</xref></sup></p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Study Design</title>
          <p>This multicenter, randomized, open-label, controlled trial with an allocation ratio 1:1 will test whether rivaroxaban (10 mg per os once daily for 14 days) vs. local standard treatment within 7 days of symptom onset will reduce the composite endpoint of VTE, invasive mechanical ventilation, major acute cardiovascular events, and mortality due to COVID-19 within 30 days of randomization. The study will be conducted at 47 sites, based a favorable feasibility assessment, compliance with good clinical practice, and ethics approval. This protocol follows the <italic>Standard Protocol Items: Recommendations for Interventional Trials</italic> statement.<sup><xref rid="B52" ref-type="bibr">52</xref></sup> The <xref rid="f01001" ref-type="fig">central Illustration</xref> shows the study workflow.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f01001">
              <label>Central Illustration</label>
              <caption>
                <title>: Rivaroxaban in Outpatients with Mild or Moderate COVID-19: Rationale and Design of the Study CARE (CARE &#8211; Coalition COVID-19 Brazil VIII)</title>
                <p>
                  <italic>CONSORT diagram showing the study workflow and planned recruitment.</italic>
                </p>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-03-e20220431-20431-gf01-en.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Primary and Secondary Outcomes</title>
          <p>We will assess the composite efficacy endpoint of VTE, invasive mechanical ventilation, major acute cardiovascular events, and 30-day mortality (in or out of the hospital). We also plan to evaluate the time from randomization to hospitalization, length of hospital stay, admission to the intensive care unit, clinical requirements, duration of mechanical ventilation, composite vascular endpoint I (ie, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal ischemic stroke, cardiovascular death, or VTE), composite vascular endpoint II (ie, cardiovascular death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, non-fatal ischemic stroke, acute limb ischemia, or VTE), major bleeding, defined according to International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis criteria:<sup><xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">53</xref></sup> a) any sign or symptom of hemorrhage (more bleeding than would be expected for a clinical circumstance, including bleeding found by imaging alone) that does not fit the criteria for major bleeding but meets at least one of the following: i) requiring medical intervention; ii) leading to hospitalization or a higher level of care; iii) prompting a face-to-face evaluation (not by telephone or electronic means); b) major bleeding in non-surgical patients, defined as having a symptomatic presentation, and: i) fatal bleeding, and/or ii) bleeding in a critical area or organ, eg, intracranial, intraspinal, intraocular, retroperitoneal, intra-articular or pericardial, or intramuscular with compartment syndrome, and/or iii) bleeding that causes a &#8805; 20 g.L<sup>1</sup> (1.24 mmol.L<sup>1</sup>) decrease in hemoglobin level or that leads to a transfusion of &#8805; 2 units of whole blood or red cells; in addition to all-cause mortality.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Eligibility Criteria</title>
          <p>Suspected and confirmed COVID-19 cases will be initially assessed based on Brazilian Ministry of Health guidelines and WHO recommendations<sup><xref rid="B54" ref-type="bibr">54</xref>,<xref rid="B55" ref-type="bibr">55</xref></sup> and modified to the outpatient setting (<xref rid="t1001" ref-type="table">Table 1</xref>). The inclusion and exclusion criteria are described in <xref rid="t2001" ref-type="table">Table 2</xref>.</p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t1001">
              <label>Table 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; COVID-19 case definition for the CARE Study according to Brazilian Ministry of Health and World Health Organization criteria</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="50%">
                  <col/>
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">COVID-19 status</th>
                    <th align="left">Definition</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Confirmed</td>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="bullet">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Patients with a laboratory confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis by RT-PCR, preferably collected between the fourth and seventh days after symptom onset by nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swab, regardless of signs and symptoms.</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Validated rapid immunochromatographic assay for viral antigen detection in sample collected from the upper respiratory tract, preferably between the second and seventh days after sign/symptom onset.</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Immunological (rapid test or classic serology to detect IgM/IgG antibodies), in a sample collected on at least the seventh day after symptom onset, analyzed by a validated test.</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Suspected</td>
                    <td> Patients who meet at least one of the following criteria *: <list list-type="bullet"><list-item><p>Patients with acute respiratory disease (fever AND at least 1 sign/symptom of respiratory disease, eg, cough or dyspnea), AND a history of travel or residence in a location that has reported the community transmission of COVID-19 during the 14 days prior to symptom onset.</p></list-item><list-item><p>Patient with acute respiratory disease AND contact with a confirmed or probable case of COVID-19 (acute respiratory disease without laboratory confirmation) in the 14 days prior to symptom onset.</p></list-item></list> </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN1001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>* Depending on the patient&#8217;s clinical status, these criteria can be complemented by radiological findings (interstitial infiltration in a chest X-ray and/or ground-glass opacity in a lung computed tomography scan). It should be noted that the majority of participants will have mild symptoms and will not be clinically indicated for imaging tests. RT-PCR: real-time polymerase chain reaction.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
          <p>
            <table-wrap id="t2001">
              <label>Table 2</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Inclusion and exclusion criteria</title>
              </caption>
              <table frame="hsides" rules="groups">
                <colgroup width="100%">
                  <col/>
                </colgroup>
                <thead>
                  <tr>
                    <th align="left">General Criteria</th>
                  </tr>
                </thead>
                <tbody>
                  <tr>
                    <td>Adult outpatients (aged &gt; 18 years) who seek medical care and have a suspected or confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19, are within 7 days of symptom onset, present with mild to moderate symptoms, have no clear indication for hospitalization, and at least two of the following risk factors for complications:</td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <hr/>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Inclusion Criteria</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <hr/>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="order">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Age &#8805; 65 years</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Hypertension</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Diabetes mellitus</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Asthma</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>COPD or other chronic lung diseases</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Smoking</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Immunosuppression</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Obesity (BMI &gt; 30)</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>History of non-active cancer</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Bed restriction or reduced mobility (&#8805; 50% of waking time without walking))</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Previous history of venous thromboembolic events</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Use of oral hormonal contraceptives</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <hr/>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <bold>Exclusion Criteria</bold>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <hr/>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                  <tr>
                    <td>
                      <list list-type="order">
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Patients aged &lt;18 years</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Hospitalization indicated at initial treatment</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Positive test for influenza at the first visit</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Any known liver disease associated with coagulopathy; INR &gt; 1.5</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Women who are pregnant, lactating, may become pregnant, or are not using an adequate contraception method</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Patients with a high risk of bleeding, a history of bronchiectasis or pulmonary cavitation, significant bleeding in the last 3 months, an active gastroduodenal ulcer, a history of recent bleeding (within 3 months), or a high risk of bleeding</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Stroke in the last month, a history of hemorrhagic or lacunar stroke, any intracranial bleeding or neoplasia, brain metastasis, arteriovenous malformation, or brain aneurysm</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Severe heart failure with left ventricular ejection fraction &lt; 30% (identified by echocardiogram or another previously validated method) or symptoms of New York Heart Association heart failure class III or IV</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Estimated glomerular filtration rate &lt; 30 mL/min according to the CKD-EPI equation</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Clinical indication for dual antiplatelet therapy or anticoagulation therapy (venous thromboembolic events, atrial fibrillation/flutter, or mechanical valve prosthesis)</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Marked thrombocytopenia (platelets &lt; 50,000/mm3)</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Non-cardiovascular disease associated with a poor prognosis, eg, active cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer), defined as cancer not in remission or that requires active chemotherapy or adjuvant therapies, such as immunotherapy or radiation therapy, or that increases the risk of an adverse reaction to the interventions</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>A history of hypersensitivity or known contraindication to rivaroxaban</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Systemic treatment with strong inhibitors of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein (systemic azole antimycotics, such as ketoconazole, or HIV protein inhibitors, such as ritonavir) or strong inducers of CYP3A4, ie, rifampicin, rifabutin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, and carbamazepine</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Current treatment in test phase</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Concomitant participation in another COVID-19 study involving experimental drugs</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Use of chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine associated with azithromycin</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Active cancer</p>
                        </list-item>
                        <list-item>
                          <p>Other contraindications to rivaroxaban</p>
                        </list-item>
                      </list>
                    </td>
                  </tr>
                </tbody>
              </table>
              <table-wrap-foot>
                <fn id="TFN2001">
                  <p>
                    <italic>CKD-EPI: Chronic kidney disease epidemiology collaboration; INR: international normalized ratio.</italic>
                  </p>
                </fn>
              </table-wrap-foot>
            </table-wrap>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Trial Interventions and Follow-up Assessment</title>
          <p>Both arms will receive local standard treatment, which includes general advice and medications for symptom relief (left to the physician&#8217;s discretion). Patients in the rivaroxaban group will receive 10 mg once daily per oral administration for 14 days. Patients in the control group are not expected to receive additional treatment beyond local care, as previously mentioned. Two follow-up visits are planned via telephone to evaluate adherence to rivaroxaban and to detect disease progression or adverse events.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Discontinuation of the study medication and patient follow-up</title>
          <p>The investigator will discontinue the study drug and the patient should be followed up for 30 days, with all of the following procedures carried out:</p>
          <list list-type="alpha-lower">
            <list-item>
              <p>any medical condition that, at the sponsor&#8217;s or investigator&#8217;s discretion, prevents the patient from continuing treatment, describing the reason and providing proof thereof;</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>patients who develop a serious adverse event that compromises adherence and safety. The investigator will follow up such patients until the adverse event is resolved or stabilized and considered clinically irrelevant.</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 results in a real-time polymerase chain reaction.</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>When the SARS-Cov-2 test is performed at the hospital where the patient is randomized, the center&#8217;s principal investigator will obtain the results and send them to the coordinating center (International Research Center at the Hospital Alem&#227;o Oswaldo Cruz); the patient will be asked to discontinue treatment and will be followed-up until the end of the 30-day period.</p>
          <p>When the real-time polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-Cov-2 is performed at another laboratory, patients will inform the center to which they are randomized. This center will then inform the International Research Center so that the study team can indicate interrupting the study drug, with follow-up continuing for up to 30 days.</p>
          <p>The study will be interrupted if the intervention shows clear benefits at the primary efficacy endpoint or if the frequency of major bleeding events increases. The Data and Safety Monitoring Board will closely monitor any serious adverse events and, using statistical assumptions, could recommend ending the study to ensure patient safety.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Adverse Event Reporting and Management</title>
          <p>The retrieved information should include the medical history and comorbidities, and clinical diagnosis of COVID-19, in addition to its severity, start date, main cause and the likelihood of a causal relationship, medical decisions, adverse outcomes, the criteria used to classify the severity of the event, and the end date.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Endpoint Reporting and Adjudication</title>
          <p>The primary efficacy endpoint will be evaluated by physicians with longstanding experience in clinical event adjudication. Hospital admissions for causes related to COVID-19 will be documented by the medical team, with the information collected for clinical analysis under blinded allocation according to standardized criteria similar to those used in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study.</p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Data Collection and Management</title>
          <p>Data will be collected using an online case report form and entered at each participating site. Training and support will be provided by the coordinating center to ensure data quality. Data to be collected from the patient and/or family during study visits include:</p>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>1. Admission (Baseline)</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <list list-type="alpha-lower">
            <list-item>
              <p>Age, sex, marital status, race, education, family income, and comorbidities</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>The results of molecular or serological tests for COVID-19 (depending on the time since symptom onset/clinical diagnosis)</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Concomitant medications at baseline</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Symptom duration</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>2. On the 15th day post-randomization</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <list list-type="alpha-lower">
            <list-item>
              <p>Safety assessment (Adverse event monitoring)</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Medication adherence</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <list list-type="bullet">
            <list-item>
              <p>3. On the 30th day post-randomization</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <list list-type="alpha-lower">
            <list-item>
              <p>Efficacy assessment (primary outcome events)</p>
            </list-item>
            <list-item>
              <p>Safety assessment (adverse event monitoring)</p>
            </list-item>
          </list>
          <p>The data collection and participant follow-up plans are shown in <xref rid="f02001" ref-type="fig">Figure 1</xref>.</p>
          <p>
            <fig id="f02001">
              <label>Figure 1</label>
              <caption>
                <title>&#8211; Data collection and patient follow-up plan.</title>
              </caption>
              <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-03-e20220431-20431-gf02-en.jpg"/></fig>
          </p>
        </sec>
        <sec>
          <title>Statistical Analysis</title>
          <sec>
            <title>Sample size calculation and randomization procedure</title>
            <p>We estimated that a sample size of 932 patients (466 per group) would provide 80% statistical power to detect a relative risk reduction of 30%, assuming a primary endpoint rate of 25% in the control group and 17.5% in the rivaroxaban group, a two-sided hypothesis test, and 5% significance level using the chi-square test. With an estimated follow-up loss of 5% per group, the total would increase 982 patients, therefore 1000 patients will be randomized. The sample size was calculated using SAS 9.4 (PROC POWER procedure).<sup><xref rid="B56" ref-type="bibr">56</xref>,<xref rid="B57" ref-type="bibr">57</xref></sup> A permuted-block randomization technique will be applied with fixed block size of 8 through a randomization list produced electronically using appropriate software.<sup><xref rid="B58" ref-type="bibr">58</xref>,<xref rid="B59" ref-type="bibr">59</xref></sup>Randomization concealment will be maintained through a 24-hour, centralized, automated, Internet-based system developed by the Hospital Alem&#227;o Oswaldo Cruz.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Interim analyses</title>
            <p>Three interim analyses are planned by an independent Data and Safety Monitoring Board when the sample size reaches 25% (250 individuals), 50% (500 individuals), and 75% (750 individuals), according to Haybittle&#8211;Peto analysis.<sup><xref rid="B60" ref-type="bibr">60</xref>,<xref rid="B61" ref-type="bibr">61</xref></sup> After the safety analysis, the study may be interrupted if there is a sign of harm with p &lt; 0.01 (in each interim analysis). In the efficacy analysis, the study may be interrupted if there is a sign of benefit (primary outcome) with p &lt; 0.001 (in each interim analysis).<sup><xref rid="B62" ref-type="bibr">62</xref></sup></p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Statistical Methods</title>
            <p>Baseline characteristics will be reported as counts, percentages, and means and standard deviations or medians and interquartile ranges, when appropriate.<sup><xref rid="B63" ref-type="bibr">63</xref></sup> The effect of rivaroxaban on the primary and secondary endpoints will be estimated using risk ratios and 95% confidence intervals. All endpoints will be assessed in the intent-to-treat population. The chi-square test or Fisher&#8217;s exact test will be used for hypothesis testing. Absolute differences between two proportions with 95% CI will be also estimated according to Newcombe&#8217;s method.<sup><xref rid="B64" ref-type="bibr">64</xref>,<xref rid="B65" ref-type="bibr">65</xref></sup> Exploratory analyses for the primary outcome will be performed considering the intervention effect in prespecified or post-hoc subgroups, according to observations throughout the study, and dynamic changes in SARS-CoV-2 variants. Interaction tests will be conducted using binary logistic regression models that include the treatment effect, the factor of interest, and an interaction term between the 2 variables (treatment-by-subgroup interaction term) using the full patient set, reporting the p-value for the interaction term.<sup><xref rid="B66" ref-type="bibr">66</xref></sup> The effect of the intervention on mortality will be assessed using Kaplan-Meier curves and univariate Cox proportional hazard regression modeling, with hazard ratios and 95% CI. Survival curves will be compared using log-rank tests. Proportional hazard assumptions will be checked using cumulative sums of martingale residuals and a Kolmogorov-type supremum test based on a sample of 1000 simulated residual patterns.<sup><xref rid="B67" ref-type="bibr">67</xref>,<xref rid="B68" ref-type="bibr">68</xref></sup> If the phenomenon of monotone likelihood occurs or few events are observed, Firth&#8217;s penalized partial likelihood approach will be applied in a Cox regression model, with hazard ratios and 95% profile-likelihood confidence limits.<sup><xref rid="B69" ref-type="bibr">69</xref>,<xref rid="B70" ref-type="bibr">70</xref></sup> Based on patient recruitment and epidemiological data (continuously updated by the Ministry of Health and local reports), we plan to include three additional methods that might contribute to the overall clinical efficacy assessment: a) the primary efficacy endpoint plus hospitalizations due to COVID-19, b) the win ratio for the primary efficacy endpoint, and c) the win ratio for the primary efficacy endpoint plus hospitalizations due to COVID-19.<sup><xref rid="B71" ref-type="bibr">71</xref>,<xref rid="B72" ref-type="bibr">72</xref></sup>Secondary outcomes, defined by quantitative variables, will be compared between the groups using an unpaired Student&#8217;s <italic>t</italic>-test or the Mann-Whitney test for non-normally distributed variables, when appropriate. Adverse events will be compared between the treatment groups using the chi-square test or Fisher&#8217;s exact test. Additionally, if the proportion of missing data exceeds 5% for the primary outcome,<sup><xref rid="B73" ref-type="bibr">73</xref>,<xref rid="B74" ref-type="bibr">74</xref></sup> a sensitivity analysis will be conducted using a multiple data imputation technique.<sup><xref rid="B75" ref-type="bibr">75</xref>,<xref rid="B76" ref-type="bibr">76</xref></sup> Normality will be assessed through visual inspection of histograms and the application of normality tests, such as the Shapiro-Wilk or D&#8217;Agostino-Pearson test, when appropriate.<sup><xref rid="B77" ref-type="bibr">77</xref>,<xref rid="B78" ref-type="bibr">78</xref></sup> All hypothesis tests will be two-sided, with p &lt; 0.05 considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses will be conducted using SAS version 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) or R Statistical Software (R Foundation, Vienna, Austria).</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Database lock</title>
            <p>Database lock will occur after completing the 30-day follow-up of all patients, final clinical monitoring, and data cleaning. All interim analyses will be made available to local regulatory agencies in Brazil. Database access will be granted only to the Steering Committee members and statisticians before the main results are published.</p>
          </sec>
          <sec>
            <title>Trial oversight</title>
            <p>An Executive/Steering Committee will be responsible for general supervision of the study, developing the study protocol, and writing the manuscript. The Data and Safety Monitoring Board will assess the effects of rivaroxaban compared to local standard treatment in relation to the primary and secondary endpoints. This committee will monitor serious adverse events and may recommend treatment interruption, if necessary, to ensure patient safety.</p>
          </sec>
        </sec>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Ethics and dissemination</title>
        <p>The records of all patients will be kept confidential and with restricted access. Each patient or legal representative will sign an informed consent form after the study&#8217;s risks/benefits and procedures have been fully explained. The initial protocol and all amendments have been approved by local institutional review boards and the Brazilian National Ethics Research Commission, in compliance with the ethics Resolution CNS 466/2012. This trial has been registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT04757857) and will be submitted for publication, regardless of its results.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Perspective</title>
        <p>The CARE study will provide relevant and contemporary information about the potential role of thromboprophylaxis in outpatients with COVID-19.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Funding sources</title>
        <p>This investigator-initiated study has received financial support from the COALITION COVID-19 Brazil and Bayer S.A., who provided the study drug and partial financial support. The funding sources had no role in the study design, data analysis and interpretation, or the decision to publish the results.</p>
      </sec>
      <sec>
        <title>Data Sharing Statement</title>
        <p>All information regarding this clinical trial protocol has been provided in this publication.</p>
      </sec>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
          <p>Ethics approval and consent to participate</p>
          <p>This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the CONEP under the protocol number CAAE: 36066320.5.101.0070. All the procedures in this study were in accordance with the 1975 Helsinki Declaration, updated in 2013. Informed consent was obtained from all participants included in the study.</p>
        </fn>
        <fn fn-type="financial-disclosure">
          <p>Sources of funding</p>
          <p>This study was partially funded by Coalis&#227;o COVID-19 Brasil and partially funded by Bayer S.A</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
