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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">tqjQKQFpryMJHNNs3vJymMr</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000200207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">00207</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20230058</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Minieditorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Teste de Exerc&#237;cio Cardiopulmonar em Pacientes P&#243;s-COVID-19: Novos Insights sobre a Intoler&#226;ncia ao Exerc&#237;cio</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6409-2109</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Saadi</surname>
            <given-names>Marina Petersen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0327-3392</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Anderson Donelli da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia: Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia: Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital Moinhos de Vento</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto Alegre</named-content>
          <named-content content-type="state">RS</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="BR">Brasil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"><bold>Correspond&#234;ncia: Anderson Donelli Silveira &#8226;</bold> Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia &#8211; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#8211; Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. CEP 90410-004, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brasil. E-mail: <email>adsilveira@hcpa.edu.br</email> </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>20</day>
        <month>03</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20230058</elocation-id>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>P&#243;s Covid-19/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Pneumopatias</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemia</kwd>
        <kwd>S&#237;ndrome do Desconforto Respirat&#243;rio do Adulto/reabilita&#231;&#227;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Espirometria/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Teste de Esfor&#231;o</kwd>
        <kwd>Medidas de Volume Pulmonar</kwd>
        <kwd>Atividade F&#237;sica</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="0"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="10"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>COVID-19 afetou milhares de pessoas em todo o mundo, e uma porcentagem consider&#225;vel deles se queixa de limita&#231;&#227;o persistente ao exerc&#237;cio, sem rela&#231;&#227;o com a gravidade da doen&#231;a e persistindo mesmo meses ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> Sabe-se que a forma grave da COVID-19 envolve predominantemente o sistema respirat&#243;rio, apresentando s&#237;ndrome do desconforto respirat&#243;rio agudo. Pode-se especular que a limita&#231;&#227;o funcional persistente observada ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o pode ter origem no sistema respirat&#243;rio, fato refor&#231;ado por estudos que mostraram limita&#231;&#227;o ventilat&#243;ria na espirometria ap&#243;s a alta hospitalar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O teste cardiopulmonar de exerc&#237;cio (TECP) permite uma avalia&#231;&#227;o completa do sistema cardiorrespirat&#243;rio. &#201; o exame padr&#227;o-ouro para definir o progn&#243;stico em diversas doen&#231;as card&#237;acas e pulmonares e pode discriminar os mecanismos subjacentes associados &#224; redu&#231;&#227;o da capacidade funcional.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Nos Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia, Milani et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> avaliaram 144 pacientes sem doen&#231;a cardiovascular ou pulmonar pr&#233;via, com sintomas persistentes ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o por COVID, em m&#233;dia 11,5 semanas ap&#243;s a infec&#231;&#227;o, que foram comparados com 144 controles pareados adultos saud&#225;veis. A maioria dos pacientes (92%) teve o teste do TCPE limitado pela fadiga muscular perif&#233;rica, com m&#237;nima limita&#231;&#227;o pulmonar (6%) e cardiovascular (2%). A frequ&#234;ncia e a magnitude da redu&#231;&#227;o da capacidade funcional foram relacionadas &#224; gravidade da doen&#231;a, com 56% dos pacientes com COVID grave apresentando redu&#231;&#227;o da capacidade funcional com menor VO<sub>2</sub>% em rela&#231;&#227;o aos grupos menos graves. O VO<sub>2</sub> nos limiares ventilat&#243;rios tamb&#233;m foi reduzido nos indiv&#237;duos mais doentes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Os autores tamb&#233;m fizeram uma abordagem diferente para uma an&#225;lise de subgrupo em que pacientes que haviam se submetido a TCPE antes da covid por outro motivo tiveram testes pr&#233; e p&#243;s-COVID comparados. No grupo covid moderado, houve redu&#231;&#227;o de 0,4 km/h na velocidade m&#225;xima e pequeno aumento no percentual de FC m&#225;xima prevista. No grupo moderado/grave, houve maior redu&#231;&#227;o da velocidade m&#225;xima (1 mk/h) e redu&#231;&#227;o significativa do VO<sub>2</sub> pico (7,4%), provocando redu&#231;&#227;o da capacidade f&#237;sica nos mesmos pacientes ap&#243;s COVID.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
    <p>O principal mecanismo de limita&#231;&#227;o funcional ap&#243;s COVID parece ter etiologia muscular perif&#233;rica, embora respira&#231;&#227;o disfuncional e insufici&#234;ncia cronotr&#243;pica tamb&#233;m foram descritas como poss&#237;veis causas.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup>A redu&#231;&#227;o da capacidade funcional por fadiga muscular decorrente da extra&#231;&#227;o anormal de oxig&#234;nio na periferia pelo catabolismo muscular n&#227;o parece estar relacionada apenas a per&#237;odos de repouso e isolamento e sim &#224; pr&#243;pria doen&#231;a COVID, fato verificado por estudos que mostraram redu&#231;&#227;o no VO<sub>2</sub> de pico associado, extra&#231;&#227;o pobre de O<sub>2</sub> perif&#233;rico com &#237;ndice card&#237;aco normal.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
    <p>Diante desses achados, &#233; prov&#225;vel que a reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiopulmonar com exerc&#237;cios f&#237;sicos prescritos e executados por profissionais qualificados possa melhorar os sintomas e as medidas objetivas da capacidade funcional. No entanto, s&#227;o necess&#225;rios ensaios cl&#237;nicos randomizados com exerc&#237;cios ou reabilita&#231;&#227;o cardiopulmonar.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
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          <person-group person-group-type="author">
            <name>
              <surname>Besnier</surname>
              <given-names>F</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>B&#233;rub&#233;</surname>
              <given-names>B</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Malo</surname>
              <given-names>J</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gagnon</surname>
              <given-names>C</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Gr&#233;goire</surname>
              <given-names>CA</given-names>
            </name>
            <name>
              <surname>Juneau</surname>
              <given-names>M</given-names>
            </name>
            <etal>et al</etal>
          </person-group>
          <article-title>Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation in Long-COVID-19 Patients with Persistent Breathlessness and Fatigue: The COVID-Rehab Study</article-title>
          <source>Int J Environ Res Public Health</source>
          <year>2022</year>
          <volume>19</volume>
          <issue>7</issue>
          <fpage>4133</fpage>
          <issue-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3390/ijerph19074133</issue-id>
        </element-citation>
      </ref>
    </ref-list>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Minieditorial referente ao artigo: Teste Cardiopulmonar em Pacientes P&#243;s-COVID-19: De Onde vem a Intoler&#226;ncia ao Exerc&#237;cio?</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Short Editorial</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Post-COVID-19 Patients: New Insights Into the Exercise Intolerance</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0001-6409-2109</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Saadi</surname>
            <given-names>Marina Petersen</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-0327-3392</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Silveira</surname>
            <given-names>Anderson Donelli da</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Programa de P&#243;s-Gradua&#231;&#227;o em Cardiologia: Ci&#234;ncias Cardiovasculares da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="BR">Brazil</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001"><bold>Mailing Address: Anderson Donelli Silveira &#8226;</bold> Servi&#231;o de Cardiologia &#8211; Hospital de Cl&#237;nicas de Porto Alegre &#8211; Ramiro Barcelos, 2350. Postal Code 90410-004, Porto Alegre, RS &#8211; Brazil. E-mail: adsilveira@hcpa.edu.br </corresp>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Post-Covid-19/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Lung Diseases</kwd>
        <kwd>Pandemics</kwd>
        <kwd>Respiratory Distress Syndrome Adult/rehabilitation</kwd>
        <kwd>Spirometry/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Exercise Test</kwd>
        <kwd>Lung Volume Measurements</kwd>
        <kwd>Physical Activity</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>COVID-19 has affected thousands of people worldwide, and a considerable percentage of those complain of persistent exercise limitation, unrelated to the disease`s severity and persisting even months after the infection.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup>It is well known that the severe form of COVID-19 predominantly involves the respiratory system, presenting with acute respiratory distress syndrome. One could speculate that the persistent functional limitation seen after infection may originate in the respiratory system, a fact reinforced by studies that showed ventilatory limitation in spirometry after hospital discharge.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test (CPET) allows a complete assessment of the cardiorespiratory system. It is the gold standard exam to define prognosis in several heart and lung diseases and can discriminate the underlying mechanisms associated with reduced functional capacity.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref>,<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B6">6</xref></sup></p>
      <p>In this <italic>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</italic>, Milani et al.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup> evaluated 144 patients without a prior cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, with persistent symptoms after COVID infection, on average 11.5 weeks after infection, who were compared with 144 healthy adult matched controls. Most of the patients (92%) had the CPET test limited by peripheral muscle fatigue, with minimal pulmonary (6%) and cardiovascular (2%) limitation. The frequency and magnitude of the reduction in functional capacity were related to the severity of the disease, with 56% of patients with severe COVID presenting a reduction in functional capacity with a lower VO<sub>2</sub>% compared to the less severe groups. The VO<sub>2</sub> at ventilatory thresholds was also reduced in the sickest individuals.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The authors also made a different approach for a subgroup analysis where patients who had undergone CPET before covid for another reason had pre- and post-COVID tests compared. In the moderate covid group, there was a reduction of 0.4 km/h in the maximum speed and a small increase in the percentage of predicted maximum HR. In the moderate/severe group, there was a greater reduction in maximum speed (1 mk/h) and a significant reduction in peak VO<sub>2</sub> (7.4%), eliciting a reduction in physical capacity in the same patients after COVID.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B7">7</xref></sup></p>
      <p>The main mechanism of functional limitation after COVID seems to have a peripheral muscular etiology, although dysfunctional breathing and chronotropic insufficiency have also been described as possible causes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B8">8</xref></sup> The reduction in functional capacity because of muscle fatigue due to abnormal extraction of oxygen in the periphery by muscle catabolism does not seem to be related only to periods of rest and isolation but to the COVID disease itself, a fact verified by studies that showed a reduction in associated peak VO<sub>2</sub> poor peripheral O<sub>2</sub> extraction with normal cardiac index.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B9">9</xref></sup></p>
      <p>Because of these findings, it is likely that cardiopulmonary rehabilitation with physical exercises prescribed and executed by qualified professionals could improve symptoms and objective measures of functional capacity. However, randomized clinical trials with exercise or cardiopulmonary rehabilitation are needed.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B10">10</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Short Editorial related to the article: Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Post-COVID-19 Patients: Where Does Exercise Intolerance Come From?</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
