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  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Arq Bras Cardiol</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">abc</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">Arq. Bras. Cardiol.</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0066-782X</issn>
      <issn pub-type="epub">1678-4170</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia - SBC</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v3" pub-id-type="publisher-id">kYLTvbHJ7Dj7SYjHvx4GMPh</article-id>
      <article-id specific-use="scielo-v2" pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0066-782X2023000201001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="other">01001</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.36660/abc.20220486</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Imagem</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Um Subtipo Raro de um Tumor Raro</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6429-9780</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Medeiros</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Concep&#231;&#227;o e desenho da pesquisa e Reda&#231;&#227;o do manuscrito, Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Coelho</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Rita</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Magalh&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Salom&#233;</surname>
            <given-names>Nuno</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>V&#237;tor</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Obten&#231;&#227;o de dados e An&#225;lise e interpreta&#231;&#227;o dos dados, Revis&#227;o cr&#237;tica do manuscrito quanto ao conte&#250;do intelectual importante</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">
        <label>1</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Cardiologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Hospital de Braga</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Braga</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal </country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia, Hospital de Braga, Braga &#8211; Portugal </institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2">
        <label>2</label>
        <institution content-type="orgdiv1">Departamento de Patologia</institution>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de S&#227;o Jo&#227;o</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Porto</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Patologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de S&#227;o Jo&#227;o, Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3">
        <label>3</label>
        <institution content-type="orgname">Universidade do Minho</institution>
        <addr-line>
          <named-content content-type="city">Braga</named-content>
        </addr-line>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Minho, Braga &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01"> Correspond&#234;ncia: Paulo Duarte Ara&#250;jo Leite Medeiros &#8226; Rua Am&#225;lia da Costa Lima, 100, Apartamento 8. CEP 4710-488, Gualtar, Braga &#8211; Portugal E-mail: <email>paulo.duarte.medeiros@gmail.com</email> </corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potencial conflito de interesse</p>
          <p>N&#227;o h&#225; conflito com o presente artigo</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <pub-date date-type="pub" publication-format="electronic">
        <day>27</day>
        <month>02</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <pub-date date-type="collection" publication-format="electronic">
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>120</volume>
      <issue>2</issue>
      <elocation-id>e20220486</elocation-id>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>03</day>
          <month>07</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>18</day>
          <month>10</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>14</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2022</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xml:lang="en">
          <license-p> This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. </license-p>
        </license>
      </permissions>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="pt">
        <kwd>Neoplasias Card&#237;acas/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Valva Mitral/cirurgia</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagn&#243;stico por Imagem/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Imagem Multimodal/m&#233;todos</kwd>
        <kwd>Insufici&#234;ncia Card&#237;aca/complica&#231;&#245;es</kwd>
        <kwd>Leiossarcoma/cirurgia</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <counts>
        <fig-count count="6"/>
        <table-count count="0"/>
        <equation-count count="0"/>
        <ref-count count="5"/>
      </counts>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
    <p>Uma mulher de 71 anos apresentou fadiga, dispneia e anorexia. O exame f&#237;sico revelou um sopro diast&#243;lico grave grau III no foco mitral. O ecocardiograma transtor&#225;cico (ETT) mostrou uma massa oval no interior do &#225;trio esquerdo (AE) estendendo-se de seu teto at&#233; a v&#225;lvula mitral ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1A</xref> ), causando importante gradiente de press&#227;o transmitral ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1B</xref> ). O ecocardiograma transesof&#225;gico (ETE) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1C</xref> ) levantou a suspeita de comprometimento da veia pulmonar superior esquerda, o que foi confirmado pela angiografia por tomografia computadorizada (TC) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01">Figura 1D</xref> ). A resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca caracterizou a massa como isointensa em imagens ponderadas em T1 e hiperintensa em T2; havia capta&#231;&#227;o do contraste nas sequ&#234;ncias de primeira passagem e realce tardio pelo gadol&#237;nio heterog&#234;neo ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02">Figura 2A-D</xref> ).</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f01">
        <label>Figura 1</label>
        <caption>
          <title>&#8211; Ecocardiografia e tomografia computadorizada. (A) Vista de quatro c&#226;maras da ETT revelando massa oval (*) no interior do AE. (B) zoom e compara&#231;&#227;o de cores do AE e da via de entrada do ventr&#237;culo esquerdo demonstrando gradiente de press&#227;o diast&#243;lica. (C) ETE levantando a suspeita de envolvimento da veia pulmonar superior esquerda e do ap&#234;ndice atrial esquerdo. (D) TC tor&#225;cica confirmando invas&#227;o das veias pulmonares pela massa.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-02-e20220486-20486-gf01.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f02">
        <label>Figura 2</label>
        <caption>
          <title>&#8211; Imagens por resson&#226;ncia magn&#233;tica card&#237;aca. (A) Imagem ponderada em T1 revelando uma massa isointensa (*). (B) Imagem ponderada em T2 com a massa aparecendo como hiperintensa. (C) Capta&#231;&#227;o de contraste em sequ&#234;ncias de primeira passagem. (D) Realce tardio pelo gadol&#237;nio heterog&#234;neo.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-02-e20220486-20486-gf02.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>A paciente foi encaminhada para retirada cir&#250;rgica da massa ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 3A</xref> ). No exame histol&#243;gico, determinou-se que a massa consistia em uma neoplasia maligna altamente celular com c&#233;lulas fusiformes pleom&#243;rficas e n&#250;cleos bizarros ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 3B</xref> ). A an&#225;lise imuno-histoqu&#237;mica revelou um padr&#227;o de colora&#231;&#227;o difuso para desmina ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 3C</xref> ), actina de m&#250;sculo liso ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 3D</xref> ) e h-Caldesmon ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 3E</xref> ). A colora&#231;&#227;o nuclear para MDM2 foi multifocal ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figura 3F</xref> ). Em conjunto, essas caracter&#237;sticas sugeriram o diagn&#243;stico de leiomiossarcoma. Embora a cirurgia n&#227;o tenha apresentado complica&#231;&#245;es imediatas, a paciente faleceu no 14&#186; dia de p&#243;s-operat&#243;rio devido a choque s&#233;ptico secund&#225;rio a infec&#231;&#227;o respirat&#243;ria hospitalar.</p>
    <p>
      <fig id="f03">
        <label>Figura 3</label>
        <caption>
          <title>&#8211; Amostra cir&#250;rgica e estudo histopatol&#243;gico. (A) Pe&#231;a cir&#250;rgica excisada. (B) HE 200x revelando um tumor altamente celular composto por c&#233;lulas fusiformes pleom&#243;rficas com alto &#237;ndice mit&#243;tico. (C) Padr&#227;o de colora&#231;&#227;o para desmina. (D) Padr&#227;o de colora&#231;&#227;o para actina de m&#250;sculo liso. (E) Padr&#227;o de colora&#231;&#227;o para h-Caldesmon. (F) Colora&#231;&#227;o nuclear para MDM2.</title>
        </caption>
        <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-02-e20220486-20486-gf03.tif"/></fig>
    </p>
    <p>Tumores card&#237;acos s&#227;o raros e, na maioria das vezes, benignos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> A apresenta&#231;&#227;o cl&#237;nica depende da localiza&#231;&#227;o, da dimens&#227;o e da mobilidade da massa. Os sarcomas representam a maioria dos tumores card&#237;acos malignos prim&#225;rios. Eles s&#227;o geralmente agressivos e o progn&#243;stico geral &#233; ruim,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> com uma sobrevida mediana de cerca de 9 meses.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> As t&#233;cnicas de imagem n&#227;o invasivas t&#234;m um papel crucial na investiga&#231;&#227;o diagn&#243;stica, permitindo a localiza&#231;&#227;o e a caracteriza&#231;&#227;o tecidual da massa, bem como a avalia&#231;&#227;o do comprometimento funcional e do envolvimento das estruturas circundantes. Todas essas caracter&#237;sticas contribuem para um melhor planejamento cir&#250;rgico. No entanto, elas n&#227;o diferenciam entre os subtipos histol&#243;gicos.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Atualmente, o &#250;nico tratamento com benef&#237;cio de sobrevida &#233; a ressec&#231;&#227;o cir&#250;rgica.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
  </body>
  <back>
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    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="other">
        <p>Vincula&#231;&#227;o acad&#234;mica</p>
        <p>N&#227;o h&#225; vincula&#231;&#227;o deste estudo a programas de p&#243;s-gradua&#231;&#227;o.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
    <fn-group>
      <fn fn-type="supported-by">
        <p>Fontes de financiamento: O presente estudo n&#227;o teve fontes de financiamento externas.</p>
      </fn>
    </fn-group>
  </back>
  <sub-article article-type="translation" id="TRen" xml:lang="en">
    <front-stub>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group subj-group-type="heading">
          <subject>Image</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>A Rare Subtype of a Rare Tumor</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">0000-0002-6429-9780</contrib-id>
          <name>
            <surname>Medeiros</surname>
            <given-names>Paulo</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Conception and design of the research and Writing of the manuscript, Acquisition of data and Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Coelho</surname>
            <given-names>Ana Rita</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data and Analysis and interpretation of the data</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Magalh&#227;es</surname>
            <given-names>Jo&#227;o</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data and Analysis and interpretation of the data, Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2001">
            <sup>2</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Salom&#233;</surname>
            <given-names>Nuno</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data and Analysis and interpretation of the data, Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Pereira</surname>
            <given-names>V&#237;tor</given-names>
          </name>
          <role>Acquisition of data and Analysis and interpretation of the data, Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content</role>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1001">
            <sup>1</sup>
          </xref>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3001">
            <sup>3</sup>
          </xref>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1001">
        <label>1</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Cardiologia, Hospital de Braga, Braga &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff2001">
        <label>2</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Departamento de Patologia, Centro Hospitalar e Universit&#225;rio de S&#227;o Jo&#227;o, Porto &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <aff id="aff3001">
        <label>3</label>
        <country country="PT">Portugal</country>
        <institution content-type="original">Universidade do Minho, Braga &#8211; Portugal</institution>
      </aff>
      <author-notes>
        <corresp id="c01001">Mailing Address: Paulo Duarte Ara&#250;jo Leite Medeiros &#8226; Rua Am&#225;lia da Costa Lima, 100, Apartamento 8. Postal Code 4710-488, Gualtar, Braga &#8211; Portugal E-mail: paulo.duarte.medeiros@gmail.com</corresp>
        <fn fn-type="conflict">
          <p>Potential Conflict of Interest</p>
          <p>No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.</p>
        </fn>
      </author-notes>
      <kwd-group xml:lang="en">
        <kwd>Heart Neoplasms/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Mitral Valve/surgery</kwd>
        <kwd>Diagnostic, Imaging/methods</kwd>
        <kwd>Heart Failure/complications</kwd>
        <kwd>Multimodal Imaging/methods, Leiomyosarcoma/surgery</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </front-stub>
    <body>
      <p>A 71-year-old woman was admitted to our center, complaining of fatigue, dyspnea, and anorexia. Physical examination revealed a grade III low-pitched diastolic murmur at the mitral focus. Transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) showed an oval mass inside the left atrium (LA) extending from its roof to the mitral valve ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1A</xref> ), causing significant transmitral pressure gradient ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1B</xref> ). Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE) ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1C</xref> ) raised the suspicion of left superior pulmonary vein involvement, which was confirmed by computed tomography (CT) angiography ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f01001">Figure 1D</xref> ). Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging characterized the mass as isointense on T1 and hyperintense on T2-weightened images; there was a contrast uptake, in first-passage sequences, and a heterogeneous late gadolinium enhancement ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f02001">Figure 2A-D</xref> ).</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f01001">
          <label>Figure 1</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Echocardiography and computed tomography. (A) TTE four-chamber view revealing an oval mass (*) inside the LA. (B) zoom and color comparison of the LA and left ventricle inflow tract, demonstrating a diastolic pressure gradient. (C) TEE, raising the suspicion of left superior pulmonary vein and left atrial appendage involvement. (D) Thoracic CT scan confirming pulmonary vein invasion by the mass.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-02-e20220486-20486-gf01-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f02001">
          <label>Figure 2</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. (A) T1-weighted image revealing an isointense mass (*). (B) T2-weighted image with the mass appearing as hyperintense. (C) Contrast uptake in first-passage sequences. (D) Heterogeneous late gadolinium enhancement.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-02-e20220486-20486-gf02-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>The patient was referred for the surgical removal of the mass ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 3A</xref> ). Upon histologic examination, the mass consisted of a highly cellular malignant neoplasm with pleomorphic spindle cells and bizarre nuclei ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 3B</xref> ). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a diffuse staining pattern for desmin ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 3C</xref> ), smooth muscle actin ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03">Figure 3D</xref> ), and h-Caldesmon ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 3E</xref> ). Nuclear staining for MDM2 was multifocal ( <xref ref-type="fig" rid="f03001">Figure 3F</xref> ). Globally, these features suggested the diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma. Although the surgery had no immediate complications, the patient died on the 14<sup>th</sup>post-operative day due to septic shock secondary to a nosocomial respiratory tract infection.</p>
      <p>
        <fig id="f03001">
          <label>Figure 3</label>
          <caption>
            <title>&#8211; Surgical specimen and histopathological study. (A) Excised surgical specimen. (B) HE 200x revealing a highly cellular tumor composed of pleomorphic spindle cells with a high mitotic index. (C) Staining pattern for desmin. (D) Staining pattern for smooth muscle actin. (E) Staining pattern for h-Caldesmon. (F) Nuclear staining for MDM2.</title>
          </caption>
          <graphic xlink:href="1678-4170-abc-120-02-e20220486-20486-gf03-en.tif"/></fig>
      </p>
      <p>Cardiac tumors are rare and most often benign.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B1">1</xref></sup> Clinical presentation depends on the location, dimension, and mobility of the mass. Sarcomas account for most primary malignant heart tumors. These are usually aggressive and overall prognosis is poor,<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B2">2</xref></sup> with a median survival of about 9 months.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B3">3</xref></sup> Noninvasive imaging techniques play a crucial role in the diagnostic workup, enabling location and tissue characterization of the mass, as well as an evaluation of the functional impairment and involvement of surrounding structures. All of these features contribute to a better surgical planning. However, these do not differentiate between histological subtypes.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B4">4</xref></sup> Currently, the only treatment with survival benefit is surgical resection.<sup><xref ref-type="bibr" rid="B5">5</xref></sup></p>
    </body>
    <back>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="other">
          <p>Study Association</p>
          <p>This study is not associated with any thesis or dissertation work.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
      <fn-group>
        <fn fn-type="supported-by">
          <p>Sources of Funding: There were no external funding sources for this study.</p>
        </fn>
      </fn-group>
    </back>
  </sub-article>
</article>
